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Rationale Methods Results Conclusions In the era of burgeoning digital technology, healthcare is a challenging transformative change towards virtual and digital platforms. Internet‐based healthcare services are emerging as a popular trend within the medical area. User experience (UX) is paramount for the healthcare service, as it significantly influences experience satisfaction and fosters user viscosity. Gaining a profound understanding of users' demands and crafting services that align with their expectations is essential.Consequently, exploring an effective design approach for the digital healthcare service that prioritizes UX along with utilizing a comprehensive evaluation methodology to handle UX data, is of profound importance. This study introduces a design methodology for Internet‐based healthcare products grounded in the UX and mental (UX‐M) model. Aiming to refine the Internet‐based healthcare product design by integrating insights from the experience data, it employs the Delphi‐ANP and the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation to determine evaluation indexes and conduct experiential assessments.The UX evaluation results of existing schemes are compared with the proposed design scheme of the intelligent guidance and internet hospital. The findings indicate that the UX evaluation of Internet‐based medical services with the proposed method outperforms the existing schemes.On the one hand, UX research of Internet‐based healthcare products can significantly enhance service satisfaction for patients utilizing online medical treatments. On the other hand, the analysis of experience‐based evaluation empowers designers to refine and improve UX design of Internet‐based medical services. Such research endeavors are critical for enhancing the overall quality of service offerings and elevating user satisfaction in the digital healthcare landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Questions: Stomata can reflect the plant's adaptation to environmental changes. However, the variation patterns of stomatal traits across different habitats and their relationships with environmental drivers are still poorly understood. Here, we assessed the extent of interspecific and intraspecific variation in stomatal traits in two typical riparian forests, and investigated how stomatal traits adapt to habitat change as well as trait–environment relationships. Location: The Irtysh River Basin in China. Methods: We measured the stomatal density (SD), stomatal size (SS), and stomatal relative area (SRA) of dominant plant species from two riparian forests: (1) a riparian forest in the valley and (2) a riparian forest in the pediment plain. We analyzed the stomatal trait variation patterns of dominant plant species in different habitats. We then quantified the magnitude of intraspecific and interspecific stomatal trait variability and evaluated the relationships between stomatal traits and environmental factors. Results: We found that SD and SRA were significantly higher in pediment plain forests than in valley forests, whereas SS was not significantly different between these habitats. The SD and SRA of trees in pediment plain forests were significantly higher than those in valley forests, whereas there were no significant differences in understory plants between habitats. The interspecific variation in each stomatal trait was significantly higher than the intraspecific variation. Stomatal traits were more related to the soil environment than to climatic factors. Conclusions: Response strategies of stomatal traits to habitat changes differed between species and functional groups, and trait–environment relationships depended on the habitat type of the riparian forest. Our analysis of stomata trait variation implies adaptive strategies in species of natural riparian forest. Insights into trait–environment relationships could be used to predict carbon and water cycling, and vegetation changes in riparian forests of arid regions, especially in the context of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Late flowering is a serious bottleneck in pumpkin (Cucurbita moschata Duch.) agriculture production. Although key genes governing flowering time have been reported in many species, the regulatory network of flowering in pumpkin remains largely obscure, thereby impeding the resolution of industry‐wide challenges associated with delayed fruit ripening in pumpkin cultivation. Here, we report an early flowering pumpkin germplasm accession (LXX‐4). Using LXX‐4 and a late flowering germplasm accession (HYM‐9), we constructed an F2 segregation population. A significant difference in FLOWERING LOCUS T‐LIKE 2 (FTL2) expression level was identified to be the causal factor of the flowering time trait discrepancy in LXX‐4 and HYM‐9. Moreover, we have shown that a 21 bp InDel in the FTL2 promoter was the key reason for the waxing and waning of its transcript level. The 21 bp deletion excluded a repressor‐AGL19 and recruited activators‐BBX7, WRKY40 and SVP to the FTL2 promoter in LXX‐4. Together, our data add a useful element to our knowledge which could be used to simplify breeding efforts for early‐maturing pumpkin. Summary statement: An InDel in FTL2 promoter exclude repressor AGL19 and recruit activators BBX7, WRKY40 and SVP to the promoter, leading to increase of FTL2 transcript level and early floral initiation under short‐day conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, key generation schemes based on the reciprocity of wireless channels have gained widespread attention in the field of wireless physical layer security. However, due to the openness of wireless channels, eavesdroppers may obtain partial legitimate keys by eavesdropping on the wireless channel. To address this issue, this paper proposes a wireless channel coding scheme that induces an "avalanche" of errors for eavesdroppers, which could maximize eavesdropper's bit error rate. The design of this scheme is based on the significant differences between the eavesdropping channel and the legitimate channel, and the average bit key disagreement ratio of the keys generated by the legitimate channel is around 8%. The scheme selects polar codes with strong error correction capabilities and chooses a coding rate matching the error level of the legitimate channel, forcing the eavesdropping channel's error rate into an "avalanche" state, where the error rate approaches 50%. This paper presents the structure of the encoder and determines the coding rate through simulation. Simulation results demonstrate that this scheme can significantly degrade the error rate of the eavesdropping channel while ensuring the prevention of eavesdroppers from obtaining secret information transmitted through the legitimate channel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In situ dual‐modal detection of electrophysiology (EP) and blood oxygen (BO) during muscle–vascular activity is crucial for healthcare and human–machine interaction. It requires an integrated monitoring system: a transparent electrode for EP detection directly adhered to skin and a near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRs) layer for BO detection. In particular, the multi‐channel, highly transparent, stretchable electrodes should be well developed. In this study, 16‐channel transparent ionotronic electrodes are fabricated based on a stretchable and printable ionogel, demonstrating excellent properties such as high transparency, large stretchability, wet adhesion, biocompatibility, softness, and long‐term stability. The electrode exhibits stable contact impedance for 24 h and a 2‐week periodic EP monitoring. The 16‐channel transparent ionotronic electrode outperforms stretchable gold electrodes by providing stable EP monitoring with minimal interference in NIRs for blood oxygen detection. An in situ negative correlation is found between EP intensity and blood oxygen level over time. This study paves the way for designing transparent ionotronics for synchronous optical‐related monitoring and highlights the potential use of an in situ dual‐modal monitoring system for the study of muscle–vascular coupling in neurocience and rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Accurate prediction of photovoltaic power generation is a critical technical problem for utilizing solar energy. Aiming at the problem that the model parameters are difficult to obtain in applying photovoltaic power prediction methods, this paper has used long‐term monitoring data of output power, various meteorological data, and solar irradiation intensity of photovoltaic modules. This paper establishes the functional relationship between the output power of photovoltaic modules and the irradiation intensity through Pearson correlation analysis. By deducing the distribution relationship of irradiation intensity, the prediction model of irradiation intensity based on peak sunshine hours and sunshine duration is constructed and based on 340 sites across the country 64 years peak sunshine hours and sunshine duration query database. In this work, the theoretical value of the prediction model on sunny days is close to the measured value (R2 = 0.918–0.985). The solar radiation intensity on rainy days is weak, and the prediction accuracy is low (R2 = 0.838–0.930). The relative errors between the sunshine duration and the peak sunshine hours in the database are less than 4.55% and 4.79%, respectively, under sunny conditions in each quarter, indicating that the accuracy of the database meets the actual needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Epithelial polarity is critical for proper functions of epithelial tissues, tumorigenesis, and metastasis. The evolutionarily conserved transmembrane protein Crumbs (Crb) is a key regulator of epithelial polarity. Both Crb protein and its transcripts are apically localized in epithelial cells. However, it remains not fully understood how they are targeted to the apical domain. Here, using Drosophila ovarian follicular epithelia as a model, we show that epithelial polarity is lost and Crb protein is absent in the apical domain in follicular cells (FCs) in the absence of Diamond (Dind). Interestingly, Dind is found to associate with different components of the dynactin‐dynein complex through co‐IP‐MS analysis. Dind stabilizes dynactin and depletion of dynactin results in almost identical defects as those observed in dind‐defective FCs. Finally, both Dind and dynactin are also required for the apical localization of crb transcripts in FCs. Thus our data illustrate that Dind functions through dynactin/dynein‐mediated transport of both Crb protein and its transcripts to the apical domain to control epithelial apico‐basal (A/B) polarity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dielectric capacitors are fundamental energy storage components in electronics and electric power systems due to their unique ultrahigh power density. However, their relatively low energy storage density is a long‐standing challenge which greatly limits their practical application range. Chitosan (CS) and montmorillonite (MMT) are two kinds of materials that exist abundantly on the earth with natural surface charges. The positively charged CS and negatively charged MMT can be self‐assembled into the typical sandwich‐structured CS/MMT/CS 2D structure through an electrostatic attraction. Loading these surface‐charged sandwich‐structured nanosheets into poly(vinylidene fluoride)‐based composite with a weight fraction as tiny as 0.3 wt.%, an ultrahigh energy storage density of 32.5 J cm−3 accompanied with a high efficiency of 64% are concurrently achieved with a very low cost and scalable process. Guided by finite element simulation, it is revealed that a number of electric potential wells that exist in the charged sandwich nanosheets impede the acceleration of internal charges and hinder the growth of electrical trees. The results offer a novel paradigm for exploring ultrahigh energy storage density capacitors in an economical way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Cotton's fundamental requirements for long periods of growth and specific seasonal temperatures limit the global arable areas that can be utilized to cultivate cotton. This constraint can be alleviated by breeding for early‐maturing varieties. By delaying the sowing dates without impacting the boll‐opening time, early‐maturing varieties not only mitigate the yield losses brought on by unfavorable weathers in early spring and late autumn but also help reducing the competition between cotton and other crops for arable land, thereby optimizing the cropping system. This review presents studies and breeding efforts for early‐maturing cotton, which efficiently pyramid early maturity, high‐quality, multiresistance traits, and suitable plant architecture by leveraging pleiotropic genes. Attempts are also made to summarize our current understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying early maturation, which involves many pathways such as epigenetic, circadian clock, and hormone signaling pathways. Moreover, new avenues and effective measures are proposed for fine‐scale breeding of early‐maturing crops to ensure the healthy development of the agricultural industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Registration of 3D spatial data and models is a fundamental task in applications such as mapping, positioning and virtual/augmented reality. Most of the existing 3D registration methods such as iterative closest point (ICP) and recent learning‐based methods are dedicated to point cloud registration, and rely heavily on point‐wise correspondences, which limits their ability to address registration problems across different data types. Since man‐made objects and buildings usually contain many planar surfaces, it is possible to use the planes for accurate registration of different data and models. In this paper, a unified registration framework is proposed consisting of a plane extraction module, which can extract planes from various forms of spatial data such as point clouds or surface‐based 3D models, and a registration module, which performs automatic registration based on the extracted planes. Tests show that the proposed method can handle small‐overlap registration across all these data types with high success rates. The result of point cloud registration also indicates that the method achieves better accuracy as compared to ICP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stem cells maintain adult tissue homeostasis under physiological conditions. Uncontrolled stem cell proliferation will lead to tumorigenesis. How stem cell proliferation is precisely controlled is still not fully understood. Phosphorylation of Yun is essential for ISC proliferation. Yun is essential for the proliferation of normal and transformed intestinal stem cells. Our mass spectrometry and biochemical data suggest that Yun can be phosphorylated at multiple residues in vivo. Interestingly, we show that the phosphorylation among these residues is likely interdependent. Furthermore, phosphorylation of each residue in Yun is important for its function in ISC proliferation regulation. Thus, our study unveils the important role of post‐translational modification of Yun in stem cell proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a significant opportunistic pathogen responsible for numerous human infections. Its high pathogenicity resides in a diverse array of virulence factors and an ability to adapt to hostile environments. We report that these factors are tied to the activity of condensins, SMC and MksBEF, which primarily function in structural chromosome maintenance. This study revealed that both proteins are required for P. aeruginosa virulence during corneal infection. The reduction in virulence was traced to broad changes in gene expression. Transcriptional signatures of smc and mksB mutants were largely dissimilar and non‐additive, with the double mutant displaying a distinct gene expression profile. Affected regulons included those responsible for lifestyle control, primary metabolism, surface adhesion and biofilm growth, iron and sulfur assimilation, and numerous virulence factors, including type 3 and type 6 secretion systems. The in vitro phenotypes of condensin mutants mirrored their transcriptional profiles and included impaired production and secretion of multiple virulence factors, growth deficiencies under nutrient limiting conditions, and altered c‐di‐GMP signaling. Notably, c‐di‐GMP mediated some but not all transcriptional responses of the mutants. Thus, condensins are integrated into the control of multiple genetic programs related to epigenetic and virulent behavior of P. aeruginosa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Design of reversible organelle‐like microcompartments formed by liquid–liquid phase separation in cell‐mimicking entities has significantly advanced the bottom‐up construction of artificial eukaryotic cells. However, organizing the formation of artificial organelle architectures in a spatiotemporal manner within complex primitive compartments remains scarcely explored. In this work, thermoresponsive hybrid polypeptide‐polymer conjugates are rationally engineered and synthesized, resulting from the conjugation of an intrinsically disordered synthetic protein (IDP), namely elastin‐like polypeptide, and synthetic polymers (poly(ethylene glycol) and dextran) that are widely used as macromolecular crowding agents. Cell‐like constructs are built using droplet‐based microfluidics that are filled with such bioconjugates and an artificial cytoplasm system that is composed of specific polymers conjugated to the IDP. The distinct spatial organizations of two polypeptide‐polymer conjugates and the dynamic assembly and disassembly of polypeptide‐polymer coacervate droplets in response to temperature are studied in the cytomimetic protocells. Furthermore, a monoblock IDP with longer length is concurrently included with bioconjugates individually inside cytomimetic compartments. Both bioconjugates exhibit an identical surfactant‐like property, compartmentalizing the monoblock IDP coacervates via temperature control. These findings lay the foundation for developing hierarchically structured synthetic cells with interior organelle‐like structures which could be designed to localize in desired phase‐separated subcompartments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the effect of smoking on circulating vitamin D in adults, we performed a meta‐analysis. Literature before 9 May 2021 was retrieved from electronic literature databases such as EMBASE, PubMed, and Cochrane. The quality of the included studies was assessed by two researchers against the Newcastle–Ottawa scale and JBI Evidence‐based Health Care Centre criteria. All eligible studies and statistical analyses were performed using STATA 14. Twenty‐four studies with 11,340 participants meeting the criteria were included in the meta‐analysis. The results of meta‐analysis showed that the level of circulating 25(OH)D in smokers was lower than that in nonsmokers. A subgroup analysis based on vitamin D supplement use showed that both smokers who used vitamin D supplements and smokers who did not use vitamin D supplements had lower blood 25(OH)D levels compared with the control group. In addition, subjects were divided into different subgroups according to age for meta‐analysis, and the results showed that the serum 25(OH)D level in each subgroup of smokers was lower than that in the control group. This meta‐analysis revealed differences in circulating vitamin D levels between smokers and nonsmokers, with smokers likely to have lower circulating vitamin D levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the development of a rapid approach for directly converting indoles into 2‐oxindoles promoted by HOCl formed in situ from the combination of (bis(trifluoroacetoxy) iodo)benzene (PIFA) and n‐Bu4NCl ⋅ H2O. The procedure is widely functional group tolerant and provides 2‐oxindoles in up to 95% yield within 5 min. The potential applications of the developed methodology are demonstrated by the gram‐scale preparation of 3‐methyl‐2‐oxindole (11 a), the one‐pot two‐step syntheses of spiro‐oxindoles 26 a and 26 b, and the formal synthesis of (‐)‐folicanthine (2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomimetic design to afford smart functional biomaterials with exquisite properties represents synthetic challenges and provides unique perspectives. In this context, elastin‐like polypeptides (ELPs) recently became highly attractive building blocks in the development of lipoprotein‐based membranes. In addition to the bioengineered post‐translational modifications of genetically encoded recombinant ELPs developed so far, we report here a simple and versatile method to design biohybrid brush‐like lipid‐grafted‐ELPs using chemical post‐modification reactions. We have explored a combination of methionine alkylation and click chemistry to create a new class of hybrid lipoprotein mimics. Our design allowed the formation of biomimetic vesicles with controlled permeability, correlated to the temperature‐responsiveness of ELPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomimetic design to afford smart functional biomaterials with exquisite properties represents synthetic challenges and provides unique perspectives. In this context, elastin‐like polypeptides (ELPs) recently became highly attractive building blocks in the development of lipoprotein‐based membranes. In addition to the bioengineered post‐translational modifications of genetically encoded recombinant ELPs developed so far, we report here a simple and versatile method to design biohybrid brush‐like lipid‐grafted‐ELPs using chemical post‐modification reactions. We have explored a combination of methionine alkylation and click chemistry to create a new class of hybrid lipoprotein mimics. Our design allowed the formation of biomimetic vesicles with controlled permeability, correlated to the temperature‐responsiveness of ELPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Isoguanosine (isoG) is a natural structural isomer of guanosine (G) with significant potential for applications in ionophores, genetics, gel formation, and cancer therapy. However, the cost of commercially available isoG on a gram scale is relatively high. To date, a detailed method for the large‐scale preparation of high‐purity isoG has not been reported. This study presented a simple and convenient approach for the large‐scale synthesis of isoG through the diazotization of 2,6‐diaminopurine riboside with sodium nitrite and acetic acid at room temperature. Further, this method could synthesize isoG derivatives (2’‐fluoro‐isoguanosine (1) and 2’‐deoxy‐isoguanosine (2)) from 2,6‐diaminopurine nucleoside derivatives using diazotization. The structural information of natural and modified nucleosides is crucial for the modification and substitution of DNA/RNA. This study obtained the single‐crystal structure of isoG for the first time and analyzed it in detail using microcrystal electron diffraction. The three‐dimensional supramolecular structure of isoG adopted similarly base‐pair motifs from π‐π stacking interaction of diverse layers, intramolecular hydrogen bonding, and distinct hydrogen bonding interactions from sugar residues. This study has contributed to further isoG modification and its applications in medicinal chemistry and materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Many countries have implemented drastic measures to fight the COVID‐19 pandemic. Restrictions and diversion of resources may have negatively affected patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Our aim was to examine whether COVID‐19 had an impact on access to PD medication by region and income. Methods: This study was conducted as part of a survey sent to members of the Movement Disorders Society focusing on access to PD medication globally. Results: Of 346 responses, 157 (45.4%) agreed that COVID‐19 had affected access to PD medication, while 189 (54.6%) disagreed. 22.8% of high‐income and 88.9% of low‐income countries' respondents agreed that access to PD medication was affected by COVID‐19. 59% of all 'yes' respondents reported increased disability of patients as an impact. Conclusions: Access to PD medication is likely to have been affected by COVID‐19 and result in deterioration of patients' symptomatic control. Resource‐poor countries appear to be disproportionately affected compared to more affluent countries. © 2020 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elastin‐like polypeptides (ELPs) have been proposed as a simple model of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) which can form membraneless organelles by liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) in cells. Herein, the behavior of fluorescently labeled ELP is studied in cytomimetic aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS) encapsulated protocells that are formed using microfluidics, which enabled confinement, changes in temperature, and statistical analysis. The spatial organization of ELP could be observed in the ATPS. Furthermore, changes in temperature triggered the dynamic formation and distribution of ELP‐rich droplets within the ATPS, resulting from changes in conformation. Proteins were encapsulated along with ELP in the synthetic protocells and distinct partitioning properties of these proteins and ELP in the ATPS were observed. Therefore, the ability of ELP to coacervate with temperature can be maintained inside a cell‐mimicking system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elastin‐like polypeptides (ELPs) have been proposed as a simple model of intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) which can form membraneless organelles by liquid–liquid phase separation (LLPS) in cells. Herein, the behavior of fluorescently labeled ELP is studied in cytomimetic aqueous two‐phase system (ATPS) encapsulated protocells that are formed using microfluidics, which enabled confinement, changes in temperature, and statistical analysis. The spatial organization of ELP could be observed in the ATPS. Furthermore, changes in temperature triggered the dynamic formation and distribution of ELP‐rich droplets within the ATPS, resulting from changes in conformation. Proteins were encapsulated along with ELP in the synthetic protocells and distinct partitioning properties of these proteins and ELP in the ATPS were observed. Therefore, the ability of ELP to coacervate with temperature can be maintained inside a cell‐mimicking system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports a "bottom‐up" substrate preparation method using a two‐phase interface self‐assembly technology that combines silver‐coated gold core–shell nanorods with the thermally shrinkable polystyrene (TSP) support material for surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), that is, TSP‐SERS substrate. The gold nanorods with long absorption wavelength were used as the core, and the silver shells were coated to obtain the core–shell nanostructures with a stronger resonance with the wavelength of the light source. The density of the nanostructures and numbers of "hot spots" within the light spot increased via the three‐dimensional folding feature formed by thermal shrinkage. The combined effect of the two factors increases the enhancement factor by an order of magnitude to 107 after thermal contraction. The detection concentration of 4‐mercaptobenzoic acid can reach 10−9 M, and the maximum relative standard deviation is only 8.9%. In fact, the detection limit of benzimidazole on the surface of apple can reach 0.5 mg/L, and the recovery deviation is controlled within the range of 11.7%. The practical detection of benzimidazole pesticide residues showed that this method has wide application prospects in the detection of pesticide residues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion (TAPSE) is an effective parameter for assessing right ventricular (RV) function in echocardiographic studies. The preload dependency of TASPE has not been explored. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 380 cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) exams. RV ejection fraction (EF) and end‐diastolic volume (EDV) were measured from short‐axis cine images. TAPSE was measured as the difference of the perpendicular distance of the tricuspid annulus to the RV apex during diastole and systole. RV dysfunction was defined as RVEF <47%. The relationship of TAPSE, RVEF, and indexed RVEDV (RVEDVi) were evaluated. The TAPSE cut‐off values derived from CMR were tested in a validation group (n = 46) with an echocardiographic exam performed within 1 month of the CMR. Results: TAPSE had a good linear correlation with RVEF (r = .69, P < .001). In normal RVEF patients, TAPSE had a positive correlation with RVEDVi (r = .208, P = .014). Receiver operating characteristic analysis revealed a higher TAPSE cut‐off value of 2.4 cm in the top normal to mildly dilated RV volume group for identifying RV dysfunction with lower predictive accuracy (sensitivity 80%, specificity 67%, area under the curve = 0.78, P < .001) as compared with 2.0 cm for the normal RV size or moderate to severely dilated RV groups. The higher TAPSE cutoff showed improved sensitivity (73% vs 43%) and Youden index (0.55 vs 0.43) in our validation cohort. Conclusions: Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion not only correlates with RVEF, but also is dependent on RV volume. The cut‐off value and predictive accuracy of TAPSE for detecting RV dysfunction vary with different RV volumes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high electronic conductivity and tailorable structural properties of MXene materials make them promising candidates for energy storage. However, their poor chemical instability and self‐stacking effect greatly limit their application, especially in aqueous systems. Here, using a eutectic etching approach, hydroxylated borophene is used as a trifunctional mediator to construct robust Ti3C2Tx‐based MXene/B self‐assembled film electrodes for zinc‐ion capacitors (ZICs). Due to this mediator, the as‐formed strong interfacial binding within the heterostructure can give rise to an integrated modification effect and promote high‐efficiency interface energy storage. One is to strengthen the thermodynamic stability of local Ti─O bonds and inhibit the irreversible degradation of MXene; two is to enlarge the interface space of the MXene electrode and boost the ion transport; three is to improve the interfacial Zn2+ trapping ability without affecting Zn2+ migration on the MXene surface. Thus, the MXene/B electrode exhibits a high areal capacitance (537.9 mF cm−2) at a current density of 0.2 mA cm−2 and an extraordinary cycling stability at 1 mA cm−2, with 99.64% retention after 40 000 cycles, which far surpasses that of most previous reports. This work provides a pathway for overcoming the interface storage limit of MXene electrodes to construct high‐performance ZICs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Co3O4 emerges as a promising substitute in the field of anode electrode materials for the next‐generation of lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs). Nevertheless, challenges such as volumetric effects during cycling and insufficient conductivity have resulted in its subpar cycle stability, which impedes its practical application. In this study, we successfully employed a straightforward method to design and synthesize double hemispherical nano‐Co3O4/C composite materials derived from MOF‐74(Co). Benefiting from its nano‐porous structure combined with carbon materials, the resulting Co3O4/C electrode manifests outstanding electrochemical performance. Specifically, the obtained Co3O4/C electrode exhibits a notably high reversible cycle capacity (1151.9 mAh g−1 at 0.2 A g−1), exemplary rate capability, and outstanding long‐cycle performance (maintaining a capacity of 366.2 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 after 1400 cycles). This research introduces a novel approach for the development of innovative anode materials for LIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, a successive energy transfer (sEnT) strategy to enable a dehydrogenative 6π‐photocyclisation, without the need for an external oxidant is reported, in which the energetically unfavourable dehydrogenation is driven by energy transfer. The valuable applicability of this method was demonstrated by the scaffold hopping of indole containing bioactive molecules, as well as by the succinct synthesis of naturally occurring tetracyclic furocarbazole alkaloids. Moreover, experimental and computational studies were conducted to elucidate the reaction mechanism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Although low‐molecular‐mass hyaluronan (LMMHA) has been implicated in pulmonary inflammatory diseases, the signalling pathway of LMMHA (200 000 molecular weight) that initiates the inflammatory response in lung is still unknown. In this study, we evaluate the role of phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) and its downstream signalling pathway in LMMHA‐induced lung inflammatory responses. Our results indicate that pharmacological inhibition of PI3K or genetic deletion of Akt1 enhances neutrophil apoptosis, attenuates neutrophil influx into the lungs of mice and diminishes the expression of pro‐inflammatory factors such as interleukin‐6, keratinocyte cell‐derived chemokine and pro‐matrix metalloproteinase‐9 in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after intratracheal administration of LMMHA. More importantly, we found that PI3K/Akt1 participates in LMMHA‐induced inflammatory responses, which are mainly mediated by the myeloid leukaemia cell differentiation protein (Mcl‐1). Our study suggests that LMMHA induced significantly increased levels of inflammatory factors in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and activation of the PI3K/Akt1 pathway, which up‐regulates the expression of the anti‐apoptotic protein Mcl‐1 and inhibits the activation of caspase‐3, thereby suppressing neutrophil apoptosis to trigger lung inflammation. These findings reveal a novel molecular mechanism underlying sterile inflammation and provides a new potential target for the treatment of pulmonary disease. Low‐molecular‐mass hyaluronan (LMMHA; 200 000 MW) is a critical signal in neutrophil activation and recruitment, leading to lung inflammation. Our study indicates that LMMHA induced activation of the PI3K/Akt1 pathway, which up‐regulates the expression of the anti‐apoptotic protein Mcl‐1 to delay lung neutrophil apoptosis. Hence, inhibition of the PI3K/Akt1 pathway exerts a protective role in LMMHA‐induced lung inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the combined use of external therapeutic ultrasound (ETUS) and the specific glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitor tirofiban on myocardial no‐reflow in a canine model of acute myocardial infarction after reperfusion. Methods: The canine myocardial no‐reflow model was established by a 3‐hour occlusion of the left anterior desecending coronary artery followed by a 2‐hour reperfusion. Twenty‐four canines were divided into four groups (6/group): (1) control, (2) tirofiban alone, (3) ETUS combined with tirofiban (ETUS + tirofiban), and (4) ETUS alone. Results: The area of no‐reflow in each of the three treatment groups was significantly decreased, compared with the control group, with the ETUS + tirofiban group having the smallest area. Also, the ETUS + tirofiban group had the highest recanalized rate of microvessels in the no‐reflow area and fewer impaired cellular organelles. The recovery rates of the endocardial and middle circumferential strain as well as longitudinal strain in the ETUS + tirofiban group were significantly greater than those of the tirofiban group. Moreover, the expression of hypoxia‐inducible factor‐1α (HIF‐1α) was significantly increased in the ETUS + tirofiban group, compared with the other groups. Conclusions: The combined use of ETUS and tirofiban offers synergistic benefits for the treatment of myocardial no‐reflow. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The preparation of highly sensitive and low cost substrate remains challenging in surface‐enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS). Here, a simple silver nanoparticle‐modified thin polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) sheet was prepared as a SERS substrate via silicon‐assisted interfacial self‐assembly transfer and Langmuir–Schaefer deposition technique. The influence of the surface coverage on PDMS was investigated and optimized to achieve the maximal signal enhancement. Through the test of rhodamine 6G and 4‐mercaptobenzoic acid probe, the substrate showed good uniformity of nanoparticles, high‐enhanced factor, homogeneity of batch, time stability, and other properties. We, then, measured thiram and tricyclazole pesticides on the surface of apples, and the results demonstrate that SERS substrates can measure pesticide residues in situ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy ( SERS) technology was used to rapidly detect illegally added sildenafil drugs. A detailed attribution analysis by density functional theory ( DFT) was used to guide specific experiments. The Raman signals were obtained from a silver colloid (Ag col) substrate, and they increased in the presence of the mineral salt, potassium iodide ( KI). These methods detected sildenafil in aqueous solutions as low as 1 µg/ mL with high signal uniformity ( RSD=3.77%). Prior to this study, traditional Raman techniques detected substances in solid samples only. Here, Raman technology detected low contents of sildenaful drugs in liquid nutraceuticals. Therefore, SERS technology has great potential for on-site and real-time detection of illegal drugs in water and in liquid nutraceuticals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Plant somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a multifactorial developmental process where embryos that can develop into whole plants are produced from somatic cells rather than through the fusion of gametes. The molecular regulation of plant SE, which involves the fate transition of somatic cells into embryogenic cells, is intriguing yet remains elusive.We deciphered the molecular mechanisms by which GhRCD1 interacts with GhMYC3 to regulate cell fate transitions during SE in cotton. While silencing of GhMYC3 had no discernible effect on SE, its overexpression accelerated callus formation, and proliferation.We identified two of GhMYC3 downstream SE regulators, GhMYB44 and GhLBD18. GhMYB44 overexpression was unconducive to callus growth but bolstered EC differentiation. However, GhLBD18 can be triggered by GhMYC3 but inhibited by GhMYB44, which positively regulates callus growth. On top of the regulatory cascade, GhRCD1 antagonistically interacts with GhMYC3 to inhibit the transcriptional function of GhMYC3 on GhMYB44 and GhLBD18, whereby a CRISPR‐mediated rcd1 mutation expedites cell fate transition, resembling the effects of GhMYC3 overexpression. Furthermore, we showed that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in SE regulation.Our findings elucidated that SE homeostasis is maintained by the tetrapartite module, GhRCD1–GhMYC3–GhMYB44–GhLBD18, which acts to modulate intracellular ROS in a temporal manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Supramolecular nucleoside-based hydrogels have the potential to be utilized in drug delivery, regenerative medicine and for the construction of nanoscopic devices. Isoguanosine, its 2′-deoxyribonucleoside and the 2′-deoxy-2′-fluororibonucleoside form hydrogels in alkali metal salt solutions. Gel stability depends on the metal ions used (Li+, Na+, K+, Rb+, Cs+). All isoguanosine gels show long-term stability of several months, whereas guanosine gels collapse within minutes or hours. Rheological data confirm a 15 times higher hydrogel stability for isoguanosine compared to guanosine. Isoguanosine gel stability covers a broad pH range (pH 3–10), and the stability at physiological Na+ ion concentration is striking. SEM images reveal that isoguanosine self-assembles into helical stacked fibers that are interconnected whereas guanosine forms discrete ribbons. Moreover, isoguanosine gels display excellent loading and release ability for small molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formation of silver-mediated DNA was studied with oligonucleotides incorporating 8-aza-7-deazapurine, 7-deazapurine, and purine nucleosides. The investigation was performed on non-self-complementary duplexes with one or two modifications and self-complementary duplexes with an alternating dA-dT motif. Homo base pairs as well as base pair mismatches of dA analogues with dC and Watson-Crick pairs with dT were studied by stoichiometric silver ion titration and Tm measurements. N8-Glycosylated 8-aza-7-deazaadenine forms silver-ion-mediated base pairs capturing two silver ions (low silver content) whereas regularly glycosylated 8-aza-7-deazapurine, 7-deazapurine (c7Ad), and dA do not form comparable structures. Stable silver-mediated 'dA-dC' base pair mismatches were detected for all nucleosides. Two silver ions per base pair are bound by 8-aza-7-deazapurine whereas c7Ad binds only one silver ion. The situation is different when the equivalents of silver ions were increased to the number of total base pairs. Surprisingly, in 12-mer duplexes as well as in related 25-mer duplexes every base pair consumed one silver ion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To compare the outcomes of endoscopic balloon dilation and metal stent placement in patients with achalasia. Methods The patients with newly diagnosed achalasia between July 2001 and December 2011 were retrospectively studied. A total of 88 patients underwent either balloon dilation ( n = 41) or metal stent placement ( n = 47), their global symptom score and esophageal kinetics index were determined before, one week after and one month after the treatment. All the patients were followed up in the Outpatient Clinics or with a telephone interview every 6 months. Results There were significant improvements in the global symptom scores and esophageal kinetics indices in all patients. No major complications were encountered in either group. There were no significant differences with regard to overall treatment failure or long-term outcome. Conclusion Balloon dilation and removable stents can effectively relieve clinical manifestations in patients with achalasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structurally modified nucleosides are central players in the field of nucleic acid chemistry. Adenine-thymine (AT) pyrimido[4,5-d]pyrimidine furanosyl and pyranosyl arabinonucleosides have been synthesized for the first time. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis reveals novel base pairs that, in synergy with the sugar residues, direct the emergence of distinct networks containing channels and cavities. The microscopic noncovalent connections can be translated into macroscopic levels in which robust organogels are formed by the furanoside but not the pyranoside. The influences of the sugars are also displayed by the different shaped superstructures of the free nucleosides in solution. The readout of the information in the base moiety is therefore tailored by the sugar configuration, and the interplays exert subtle effects on the structures, from solid to gel and to the solution state. The potential for forming these appealing base pairs and higher structures enables these intriguing nucleosides to serve as unique building blocks in various areas or to construct innovative nucleic acid structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective We aimed to determine the efficacy and safety of endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) with or without endoscopic sphincterotomy ( EST) for temporary biliary decompression in patients with acute obstructive cholangitis. Methods In total, 72 patients with acute obstructive cholangitis were prospectively randomized to undergo emergency ENBD with EST ( EST group, n = 36) or without EST (non- EST group, n = 36). The clinical outcomes and complications between the two groups were compared. Results Endoscopic nasobiliary decompression was successful in all 72 patients. Four patients underwent a second endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography ( ERCP) to replace the nasobiliary catheter due to blockage (one in the EST group and two in the non- EST group) or migration (one in the EST group). The mean serum γ-glutamyltransferase and total bilirubin levels after treatment were significantly higher in the non- EST group than in the EST group ( P < 0.05). However, no significant differences were observed for other parameters evaluated. The total complication rate was similar between the two groups ( EST 25.0% vs non- EST 19.4%). Although hemorrhage occurred more frequently in the EST group and acute pancreatitis in the non- EST group, these differences were not significant. Conclusions EST is helpful and safe for biliary drainage while ENBD without EST is the first choice for acute cholangitis. EST may increase the efficacy of ENBD in patients with papillary inflammatory stricture and thick bile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new 1,3,4-oxadiazole-containing bispyridyl ligand, namely 5-(pyridin-4-yl)-3-[2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3 H)-thione ( L), has been used to create the novel complexes tetranitratobis{μ-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-3-[2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3 H)-thione}zinc(II), [Zn2(NO3)4(C14H12N4OS)2], (I), and catena-poly[[[dinitratocopper(II)]-bis{μ-5-(pyridin-4-yl)-3-[2-(pyridin-4-yl)ethyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3 H)-thione}] nitrate acetonitrile sesquisolvate dichloromethane sesquisolvate], {[Cu(NO3)(C14H12N4OS)2]NO3·1.5CH3CN·1.5CH2Cl2} n, (II). Compound (I) presents a distorted rectangular centrosymmetric Zn2 L2 ring (dimensions 9.56 × 7.06 Å), where each ZnII centre lies in a {ZnN2O4} coordination environment. These binuclear zinc metallocycles are linked into a two-dimensional network through nonclassical C-H...O hydrogen bonds. The resulting sheets lie parallel to the ac plane. Compound (II), which crystallizes as a nonmerohedral twin, is a coordination polymer with double chains of CuII centres linked by bridging L ligands, propagating parallel to the crystallographic a axis. The CuII centres adopt a distorted square-pyramidal CuN4O coordination environment with apical O atoms. The chains in (II) are interlinked via two kinds of π-π stacking interactions along [01]. In addition, the structure of (II) contains channels parallel to the crystallographic a direction. The guest components in these channels consist of dichloromethane and acetonitrile solvent molecules and uncoordinated nitrate anions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Heavy metal pollution poses a significant risk to human health and wreaks havoc on agricultural productivity. Phytoremediation, a plant‐based, environmentally benign, and cost‐effective method, is employed to remove heavy metals from contaminated soil, particularly in agricultural or heavy metal‐sensitive lands. However, the phytoremediation capacity of various plant species and germplasm resources display significant genetic diversity, and the mechanisms underlying these differences remain hitherto obscure. Given its potential benefits, genetic improvement of plants is essential for enhancing their uptake of heavy metals, tolerance to harmful levels, as well as overall growth and development in contaminated soil. In this study, we uncover a molecular cascade that regulates cadmium (Cd2+) tolerance in cotton, involving GhRCD1, GhbHLH12, GhMYB44, and GhHMA1. We identified a Cd2+‐sensitive cotton T‐DNA insertion mutant with disrupted GhRCD1 expression. Genetic knockout of GhRCD1 by CRISPR/Cas9 technology resulted in reduced Cd2+ tolerance in cotton seedlings, while GhRCD1 overexpression enhanced Cd2+ tolerance. Through molecular interaction studies, we demonstrated that, in response to Cd2+ presence, GhRCD1 directly interacts with GhbHLH12. This interaction activates GhMYB44, which subsequently activates a heavy metal transporter, GhHMA1, by directly binding to a G‐box cis‐element in its promoter. These findings provide critical insights into a novel GhRCD1–GhbHLH12–GhMYB44–GhHMA1 regulatory module responsible for Cd2+ tolerance in cotton. Furthermore, our study paves the way for the development of elite Cd2+‐tolerant cultivars by elucidating the molecular mechanisms governing the genetic control of Cd2+ tolerance in cotton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SUMMARY Verticillium dahliae, a soil‐borne fungal pathogen, compromises host innate immunity by secreting a plethora of effectors, thereby facilitating host colonization and causing substantial yield and quality losses. The mechanisms underlying the modulation of cotton immunity by V. dahliae effectors are predominantly unexplored. In this study, we identified that the V. dahliae effector Vd6317 inhibits plant cell death triggered by Vd424Y and enhances PVX viral infection in Nicotiana benthamiana. Attenuation of Vd6317 significantly decreased the virulence of V. dahliae, whereas ectopic expression of Vd6317 in Arabidopsis and cotton enhanced susceptibility to V. dahliae infection, underscoring Vd6317's critical role in pathogenicity. We observed that Vd6317 targeted the Arabidopsis immune regulator AtNAC53, thereby impeding its transcriptional activity on the defense‐associated gene AtUGT74E2. Arabidopsis nac53 and ugt74e2 mutants exhibited heightened sensitivity to V. dahliae compared to wild‐type plants. A mutation at the conserved residue 193L of Vd6317 abrogated its interaction with AtNAC53 and reduced the virulence of V. dahliae, which was partially attributable to a reduction in Vd6317 protein stability. Our findings unveil a hitherto unrecognized regulatory mechanism by which the V. dahliae effector Vd6317 directly inhibits the plant transcription factor AtNAC53 activity to suppress the expression of AtUGT74E2 and plant defense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aqueous zinc‐ion batteries (ZIBs) are low cost with a promising theoretical capacity and inherent safety, and thus have drawn increasing attention as prospective energy storage devices in large‐scale energy storage systems. However, severe dendrite growth and side reaction problems hinder the practical application of ZIBs. Here, molecular sieves with ordered mesoporous channels are constructed to tailor the local electrolyte solvation structure on the zinc surface. Different high‐concentration solvation structures can be realized by adjusting the pore diameter of the molecular sieve, and the optimal pore geometry is a mesoporous channel with a diameter of 2.5 nm that induces the formation of a locally concentrated electrolyte and affords a lower Zn2+ de‐solvation energy in Mobil composition of matter number 41 (MCM41). The resulting MCM41‐Zn anode exhibits high cycling stability for Zn stripping/plating under different current densities (over 1800 h at 1 mA cm–2, 1 mAh cm–2, and 2200 h at 5 mA cm–2, 1 mAh cm–2). Moreover, the CaV8O20·nH2O//MCM41‐Zn full cell shows a high capacity of 274.2 mAh g−1 and a long lifespan (no capacity decay after 1000 cycles at 4 A g–1). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Preparation of Tortuous 3D -CsPbI3 Films at Low Temperature by CaI2 as Dopant for Highly Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells Mater. i B 2019 b , I 29 i , 1808986 In the originally published version of the article, the non-perovskite CsPbI SB 3 sb phase was referred to as " -CsPbI SB 3. sb " However, in most current reports, the non-perovskite CsPbI SB 3 sb phase is widely represented as " -CsPbI SB 3 sb ". To maintain consistency in usage of the term, all instances of " -CsPbI SB 3 sb " refers to " -CsPbI SB 3 sb ". [Extracted from the article]

Aim: To evaluate the association between periodontitis, all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality, and its prognostic utility among adults with diabetes. Materials and Methods: Periodontal health records were retrieved from the NHANES database for 4297 participants with diabetes aged >30 years at baseline during 1988–1994, 1999–2004 and 2009–2014. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression model was applied to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for moderate/severe periodontitis with all‐cause and cause‐specific mortality in participants with diabetes. Area under the curve (AUC) was used to assess predictive value. Results: During a median follow‐up of 15.41 years, 1701 deaths occurred. After multivariate adjustments, moderate/severe periodontitis was significantly associated with increased risk of all‐cause (HR: 1.27; 95% CI: 1.07–1.50; p =.005) and cardiovascular disease (CVD)‐related (HR: 1.35, 95% CI: 1.03–1.76, p =.031) mortality in participants with diabetes. The absolute risk difference based on the cumulative incidence information was 0.022 (5‐year, 95% CI: 0.021–0.023) and 0.044 (10‐year, 95% CI: 0.041–0.048). Periodontitis improved the prediction of all‐cause (AUC: 0.652; 95% CI: 0.627–0.676) and CVD‐related (AUC: 0.649; 95% CI: 0.624–0.676) mortality over standard risk factors (all‐cause: AUC: 0.631; 95% CI: 0.606–0.656; CVD‐related: AUC: 0.629; 95% CI: 0.604–0.655). Conclusions: Moderate/severe periodontitis is associated with an increased risk of all‐cause and CVD‐related mortality in adults with diabetes. Periodontitis might represent a marker for residual risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Manganese ion (Mn2+) is reported to promote the antitumor immune response by activating the cGAS‐STING pathway, but it is unknown whether Mn2+ can prevent the malignant transformation of precancerous lesions. The effects of Mn2+ in treating oral leukoplakia (OLK) were explored in this work. Methods: Peripheral blood Mn analysis of the patients was performed using inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP–AES). A coculture model of dendritic cells (DCs)/macrophages, CD8+ T cells, and dysplastic oral keratinocytes (DOKs) was employed to analyze the role and mechanism of Mn2+ in a simulated OLK immune microenvironment. Western blot, RT–PCR, flow cytometry, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays were adopted to detect the mechanism of Mn2+ in this model. 4‐nitroquinoline oxide (4NQO)‐induced OLK mice were used to assess the role of Mn2+ in suppressing OLK progression, and a novel Mn2+‐loaded guanosine‐tannic acid hydrogel (G‐TA@Mn2+ hydrogel) was fabricated and evaluated for its advantages in OLK therapy. Results: The content of Mn in patients' peripheral blood was negatively related to the progression of OLK. Mn2+ promoted the maturation and antigen presentation of DCs and macrophages and enhanced the activation of CD8+ T cells in the coculture model, resulting in effective killing of DOKs. Mechanistic analysis found that Mn2+ enhanced the anti‐OLK immune response by activating the cGAS‐STING pathway. Moreover, Mn2+ suppressed the development of 4NQO–induced carcinogenesis in the mouse model. In addition, the G‐TA@Mn2+ hydrogel had better anti‐OLK effects. Conclusions: Mn2+ enhanced the anti‐OLK immune response by activating the cGAS‐STING pathway, and the G‐TA@Mn2+ hydrogel is a potential novel therapeutic approach for OLK treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aimed to analyze the effects of sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors on the indexes of liver fibrosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease, and also to observe the effects on liver enzymes and liver fat. Methods: This meta‐analysis was performed using RevMan 5.3 statistical software. Results: SGLT2 inhibitors could significantly reduce the level of hepatic fibrosis index: fibrosis‐4 (mean difference [MD] 0.25, 95% CI −0.39 to −0.11, p = 0.0007); serum type Ⅳ collagen 7s (MD 0.32, 95% CI −0.59 to −0.04, p = 0.02); and ferritin (MD 26.7, 95% CI 50.64, 2.76, p = 0.03). SGLT2 inhibitors could significantly reduce the level of liver enzymes: alanine aminotransferase (MD 3.49, 95% CI −5.1 to 1.58, p < 0.0001); aspartate aminotransferase (MD 3.64, 95% CI −5.10 to −2.18, p < 0.00001); and glutamate aminotransferase (MD 7.13, 95% CI −12.95 to −1.32, p = 0.02). SGLT2 inhibitors could significantly reduce the level of liver fat: liver‐to‐spleen attenuation ratio (MD 0.16, 95% CI 0.10–0.22, p < 0.00001); magnetic resonance imaging proton density fat fraction (MD 1.97, 95% CI −3.49 to −0.45, p = 0.01); liver controlled attenuation parameter (MD 0.29, 95% CI −26.95 to −13.64, p < 0.00001); liver fat score (MD 0.55, 95% CI 1.04 to −0.05, p = 0.03); and liver fat index (MD 11.21, 95% CI −16.53 to −5.89, p < 0.0001). Conclusion: SGLT2 inhibitors could improve liver fibrosis, liver enzymes, liver fat, and metabolic indexes in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus complicated with non‐alcoholic fatty liver disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic cubic CsPbI3 perovskite (α‐CsPbI3) has been widely explored for perovskite solar cells (PSCs) due to its thermal stability and suitable bandgap of 1.73 eV. However, α‐CsPbI3 usually requires high synthesis temperatures (>320 °C). Additionally, it usually undergoes phase transition to the nonperovskite structure phase (β‐CsPbI3), which results in poor photoelectric performance in devices. In this study, it is first found that the tortuous 3D CsPbI3 phase (γ‐CsPbI3) can be prepared and used for PSCs by solution process without any additive at low temperature (60 °C). The γ‐CsPbI3 exhibits suitable bandgap of 1.75 eV and favorable photoelectric properties. However, γ‐CsPbI3 is a metastable phase and easily transforms into β‐CsPbI3 in ambient moisture. In order to improve the stability of γ‐CsPbI3, calcium ions (Ca2+) with a relatively small radius of 100 pm are used to partially substitute lead ions (119 pm). This research proves that Ca2+ can effectively improve the stability of the γ‐CsPbI3 at room temperature. By optimizing the doping concentration of Ca2+ (CsPb1−xCaxI3, x is from 0% to 2%), the Ca2+‐doped γ‐CsPbI3 PSCs achieve a hysteresis‐free J–V curve and a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 9.20%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to meet the growing demands for high specific performance in advanced composite system, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are widely utilized to endow composite with optimized properties. However, the performance improvement is always impeded by CNTs aggregation. Herein, two typical urchin‐liked SiO2‐CNTs hybrid (SCH) and SiO2@SiO2‐CNTs hybrid (SSCH) were synthesized by utilizing chemical vapor deposition. SCH and SSCH filled polyethylene (PE) nanocomposites were fabricated by solution‐blending and hot‐compression. The electrical, dielectric, rheological, and thermal behaviors of the composites were carefully studied. Both composites showed the low percolation threshold that below 0.5 wt%. By adding 1 wt% hybrid, the electrical conductivity of composites were enhanced by 12 orders of magnitude. Moreover, the self‐strengthened SSCH was preferred to form homogeneous dispersion in polymer matrix, leading to a slightly negative influence on processability. All these features provide a reasonable route for designing CNTs‐filled composites with advanced structural or highly conductive properties in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cover picture shows a rapid detection of sildenafil drugs in liquid nutraceuticals based on surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy technology. A detailed attribution analysis by density functional theory (DFT) was used to guide specific experiments. The Raman signals were obtained from a silver colloid (Ag col) substrate, and they increased in the presence of the mineral salt, potassium iodide (KI). These methods detected sildenafil in aqueous solutions as low as 1 µg/mL with high signal uniformity (RSD = 3.77%). Raman technology detected low contents of sildenafil drugs in liquid nutraceuticals, not in solid samples. Therefore, SERS technology has great potential for on-site and real-time detection of illegal drugs in water and in liquid nutraceuticals. More details are discussed in the article by Hasi et al. on page 1522-1528. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Greenhouse whitefly (Trialeurodes vaporariorum Westwood) occurs frequently in protected areas of north China and is a serious threat to vegetables. Chemical control is the main method used to kill greenhouse whitefly; however, this has led to the selection of resistance to chemical pesticides. Therefore, the study of pesticide resistance is of great significance for the sustainable management of greenhouse whitefly. From 2019 to 2021, the development of flupyradifurone resistance in greenhouse whitefly was assessed in the entomological Laboratory of Heilongjiang Bayi Agricultural University of China. After F7 generations of screening, the resistance increased 15.33 times. Synergistic agents were significantly enhanced, and the activities of multifunctional oxidase, carboxylesterase, and glutathione sulfur transferase were significantly increased in resistant strains compared with sensitive strains of the greenhouse whitefly. Sixteen detoxifying enzyme genes were detected by using RT‐PCR, and the expression levels of 11 detoxifying enzyme genes were significantly increased in resistant strains. These include eight P450 genes in the CYP4, CYP6, CYP18, CYP301, CYP304, and CYP314 families; two CarE genes in the Clade C and Clade E families; and one GST gene in the Sigma family. Several of these family members have been reported as detoxification enzyme genes of metabolic insecticide. This study showed that P450, CarE and GST together resulted in moderate resistance to flupyradifurone in greenhouse whitefly. The analysis revealed several overexpressed detoxification enzyme genes that will be the focus of future studies on the mechanism of resistance to flupyradifurone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stretchable ultra‐narrow (e.g., 10 µm in width) microelectrodes are crucial for the electrophysiological monitoring of single cells providing the fundamental understanding to the working mechanism of neuro network or other electrically functional cells. Current fabrication strategies either focus on the preparation of normal stretchable electrodes with hundreds of micrometers or millimeters in width by using inorganic conductive materials or develop conductive organic polymer gel for ultra‐narrow electrodes which suffer from low stretchability and instability for long‐term implantation, therefore, it is still highly desirable to explore bio‐interfacial ultra‐narrow stretchable inorganic electrodes. Herein, a hybrid strategy is reported to prepare ultra‐narrow multi‐channel stretchable microelectrodes without using photolithography or laser‐assisting etching. A 10 µm × 10 µm monitoring window is fabricated with enhanced interfacial impedance by the special rough surface. The stretchability achieves to 120% for this 10 µm‐width stretchable electrode. Supported by these superior properties, it is demonstrated that the stretchable microelectrodes can detect electrophysiological signals of single cells in vitro and collect electrophysiological signals more precisely in vivo. The reported strategy will open up the accessible preparation of the fine‐size stretchable microelectrode. It will significantly improve the resolution of monitoring and stimulation of inorganic stretchable electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechano‐responsiverelease of small molecules has received extensive attention in ultrasound (US)‐controlled drug release in recent years because it can achieve non‐invasive, spatiotemporally controlled precise drug release. However, the vast majority of small molecules mechano‐release reported so far are based on polymer systems, which suffer from complex preparations and single mechano‐response. Here, an isoguanosine (isoG) visualized mechano‐responsive supramolecular self‐assembly (isoG‐VMRSS) system was successfully constructed by a one‐pot reaction. It is completely composed of small molecules, which allows for multiple mechano‐responsive releases of isoG (at least 9 times) and ultimately has potential for application in US drug release. A combined experimental‐computational approach reveals the supramolecular network structure (formed by the joint action of related metal coordination bonds, boronate ester bonds and hydrogen bonds mediated by isoG) gradually formed inside the system is the underlying internal mechanism. Therefore, it provides a new and effective idea of small molecule release in the field of mechanochemistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]