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Lymphocyte dysregulation in coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) is a major contributing factor linked to disease severity and mortality. Apoptosis results in the accumulation of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in circulation. COVID-19 has a heterogeneous clinical course. The role of cfDNA levels was studied to assess the severity and outcome of COVID-19 patients and correlated with other laboratory parameters. The current case series included 100 patients with mild COVID-19 (MCOV-19) and 106 patients with severe COVID-19 (SCOV-19). Plasma cfDNA levels were quantified using SYBR green quantitative real-time PCR through amplification of the β-actin gene. CfDNA level was significantly higher in SCOV-19 at 706.7 ng/ml (522.6-1258) as compared to MCOV-19 at 219.8 ng/ml (167.7-299.6). The cfDNA levels were significantly higher in non-survivor than in survivors (

Photocatalysis with ecofriendly and low cost materials is attractive for degradation of organic pollutants without aid of strong reagents. In this regard, Au nanoparticle decorated ZnO nanorods (Au–ZnO) with good crystalline quality was synthesized by cost-effective and scalable hydrothermal method followed by photo-reduction of Au salt. This study addresses variation of photocatalytic degradation kinetics of different nature of dyes with various scavengers and pH conditions. Further, the process versatility is demonstrated by selective or simultaneous degradation of binary dye mixtures with optimized parameters. From Langmuir-Hinshelwood kinetic model, dye concentration range for first order limiting case was determined, and further validated from measured surface area of photocatalyst and change in dye absorbance before irradiation. Better adsorption with faster degradation exhibited by Methylene Blue (MB) dye showed efficient mineralization, revealed from chemical oxygen demand measurements. In Au–ZnO photocatalysis, generation of hydroxyl radical and its significant role in dye degradation was demonstrated using different scavengers. Variation of dye adsorption with pH dependent surface charge characteristics of photocatalyst resulted about one order higher degradation rate constant of MB at high pH. Strong pH dependent MB degradation is shown to be useful for its selective or simultaneous degradation with other dyes. Results of this study are useful for designing photo-reactors and these nanoparticles are efficient for degradation of different dyes, their combinations and industrial effluents under low power UV lamp for treatment different organic pollutants.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers with high mortality, highlighting the vital need to identify new therapeutic targets. Here we report that Non-POU Domain-Containing Octamer-Binding (NONO) Protein is overexpressed in breast cancers and validated the interaction of WW domain of PIN1 with c-terminal Threonine-Proline (thr-pro) motifs of NONO. The interaction of NONO with PIN1 enhances NONO’s stability by inhibiting its proteasomal degradation, and this identifies PIN1 as a positive regulator of NONO to promote breast tumor development. Functionally, silencing of NONO inhibits the growth, survival, migration and invasion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and stemness of breast cancer cells in vitro. A human metastatic breast cancer cell xenograft was established in transparent zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos to study the metastasis inability of NONO silenced breast cancer cells in vivo. Biochemical analysis indicated NONO as a master regulator of the molecules associated with different hallmarks of cancer. Mechanistically, depletion of NONO promotes the expression of PDL1 cell surface protein in breast cancer cells. The identification of novel interactions of NONO with c-Jun and β-catenin proteins and activating the Akt/MAPK/β-catenin signalling suggests NONO as novel regulator of Akt/MAPK/β-catenin signalling pathways. Taken together, our results demonstrated an essential role of NONO in the tumorigenicity of breast cancer and could be a potential target for anti-cancerous drugs.

Global trends in the technological developments have led the way for innovations in educational paradigms and momentous adoption of the problem- and learner-centered methodologies with additional opportunities for new learners. Education is necessary to all mankind as it shows the right direction for learners, to achieve their goals. It is not just to teach a learner syllabus-oriented approaches but also to include rationale thinking, creativity, knowledge, and self-sufficiency in their learning. It is a method for making knowledge, skills, values, beliefs, and habits more easily learned or acquired.. Hence we can say that it makes the learners more knowledgeable and, creative, and have a mind of their own to meet the workforce in the altering global scenarios. The Student’s success relies on the teacher or the instructor and the different types of innovative approaches which are incorporated into teaching. The recent development of information and communication technologies (ICTs) has created brand new challenges and opportunities and is similarly new for the designing and bearing of the education system for learners. Given the above challenges, in this paper an attempt has been made, to make suggestions for innovative teaching and learning methods and tools which may be put to use not only while imparting knowledge to the students but also to help students to take responsibility for their learning and constructing their knowledge, that can be especially useful in an inconsistent and rapidly changing world. &nbsp

Because mandibularmolars are the first teeth to erupt in the oral cavity, they have a high caries susceptibility index, necessitating careful application of oral hygiene procedures. Anyneglect of maintenance can result in major issu es such as furcation involvement. Bisection/bicuspidizationis the separation of the mesial and distal roots of mandibularmolars, as well as the crown area, and the retention of these segments separately. These teeth can function as standalone mastication units or as abutments in simple fixed bridges.

The present study was undertaken for evaluating the sealing ability of furcation repair materials GC Fuji VII, MTA Plus and Biodentine. Diagnosis of iatrogenic perforation requires a combination of symptomatic findings in clinical observations. Perforations can be defined as mechanical or pathological communications between the root canal system and the external tooth surface. Study was conducted in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Himachal Dental College, Sundernagar, Himachal Pradesh, India. Fifty five sound mandibular molars with non fused and well developed roots were used for the study. The specimens were examined using SEM which is maintained approximately 15Kv and 10-6 Torr under high vacuum condition. Specimen imaging were done by secondary electrons using a secondary electron detector. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) pictures, MTA plus shows the minimum marginal gap of 2.17 micrometers, followed by Biodentine 5.55 micrometers and GC FUJI VII 8.00 micrometers. The most important factors determining the success of a perforation repair procedure are the location of the perforation; time elapsed between the occurrence of the perforation and repair, the ability of the material to seal the perforation and the biocompatibility of the repair material. In our study, MTA Plus showed minimum leakage compared to GC FUJI VII and Biodentine. The minimum microleakage as observed in MTA Plus group might be attributed to its superior marginal sealing ability resulting from its hydrophilic properties and formations of an inter facial layer. Biodentine also provides a good seal almost similar to that of MTA Plus when used as a furcation repair material. GC Fuji VII showed significantly more leakage and gap formation than Biodentine and MTA Plus.

Redox homeostasis is an integral part of many cellular processes, and its perturbation is associated with conditions such as diabetes, aging, and neurodegenerative disorders. Redox homeostasis or redox potential in organelles is maintained within a particular range to facilitate the organelle specific cellular redox reactions. Previous studies using yeast, cell systems, and nematodes have demonstrated that the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) has a more oxidizing environment while the cytosol exhibits a reducing redox potential. However, we know very little about how universal this phenomenon is. We created transgenic zebrafish (Danio rerio) lines with roGFP sensors targeted to the ER and cytosol for studying physiological redox potential at the systems level. In the process, we also characterized the ER-targeting signal sequence in D. rerio for the first time. Measurements of the redox state in live embryos found that the endoplasmic reticulum exhibits deviations from its expected oxidizing redox state in different regions of the developing embryos. The ER is far more reducing than expected in certain tissues of the embryo. Cytosol also exhibited unexpected redox states in some parts of the embryo. Notably, the brain showed regions with unexpected redox states in both the ER and the cytosol. Tissue-specific differences in ER-redox potential became even more evident in a transgenic line expressing the more sensitive roGFPiE variant. Thus, live monitoring of redox potential across the developing zebrafish embryos revealed unanticipated redox states of the ER that will require new biological definitions.

Background: India has been amongst the most affected nations during the SARS CoV2 pandemic, with sparse data on country wide spread of asymptomatic infections and antibody persistence. This longitudinal cohort study was aimed to evaluate SARS CoV2 seropositivity rate as a marker of infection and evaluate temporal persistence of antibodies with neutralization capability and to infer possible risk factors for infection. Methods: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India (CSIR) with its more than 40 laboratories and centers in urban and semi urban settings spread across the country piloted the pan country surveillance. 10427 adult individuals working in CSIR laboratories and their family members based on voluntary participation were assessed for antibody presence and stability was analyzed over 6 months utilizing qualitative Elecysys SARS CoV2 specific antibody kit and GENScript cPass SARS CoV2 Neutralization Antibody Detection Kit. Along with demographic information, possible risk factors were evaluated through self to be filled online forms with data acquired on blood group type, occupation type, addiction and habits including smoking and alcohol, diet preferences, medical history and transport type utilized. Symptom history and information on possible contact and compliance with COVID 19 universal precautions was also obtained. Findings:1058 individuals (10.14%) had antibodies against SARS CoV2. A follow up on 346 seropositive individuals after three months revealed stable to higher antibody levels against SARS CoV2 but declining plasma activity for neutralizing SARS CoV2 receptor binding domain and ACE2 interaction. A repeat sampling of 35 individuals, at six months, revealed declining antibody levels while the neutralizing activity remained stable compared to three months. Majority of seropositive individuals (75%) did not recall even one of nine symptoms since March 2020. Fever was the most common symptom with one fourth reporting loss of taste or smell. Significantly associated risks for seropositivity (Odds Ratio, 95% CI, p value) were observed with usage of public transport (1.79, 1.43 to 2∙24, 2.81561x10-6), occupational responsibilities such as security, housekeeping personnel etc. (2.23, 1.92 to 2.59, 6.43969x10-26), non smokers (1.52, 1.16 to 1.99, 0.02) and non vegetarianism (1.67, 1.41 to 1.99, 3.03821x10-8). An iterative regression analysis was confirmatory and led to only modest changes to estimates. Predilections for seropositivity was noted with specific ABO blood groups; O was associated with a lower risk. Interpretation: In a first of its kind study from India, we report the seropositivity in a country wide cohort and identify variable susceptible associations for contacting infection. Serology and Neutralizing Antibody response provides much sought for general insights on the immune response to the virus among Indians and will be an important resource for designing vaccination strategies. Funding: Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, India (CSIR)

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML), although genetically and morphologically distinct from other B and T cell ALL subtypes, has one of the most rapidly progressing course and worse outcomes. The current diagnostic classification of AML offers best curative intent, the outcomes are not usually those that are expected at the start of therapy. This is partly attributed to the complex mechanism of leukemogenesis and resistance to chemotherapy. The underlying genetic mechanism of resistance is as complex as is the disease etiopathogenesis. Recent advances in therapy of drug resistant AML highlight the role of epigenetic targets. New FDA approved targeted therapy has also provided some evidence at improving outcomes in clinical trials. This review provides a detailed review of FDA approved targets and ongoing clinical trials for targeting CRISPER, CAR-T and other intestinal modalities for approach to epigenetictargets. However, this group of epigenetic targeted therapy needs more validation to prove its clinical efficacy. A systematic review of all published research on these targets, investigational agents and FDA approved targeted therapy summarizes this evidence. It also takes us through a brief review of mechanism of action and targets for therapy.

Dental implants are increasingly being used to replace missing or lost teeth. Despite significant advances in materials, techniques, and implant design, implant failure remains a major concern for both the dentist and the patient. The most common causes of implant failure are peri-implantitis and a lack of osseointegration. Other causes of implant failure include occlusal overloading, compromised or poor medical status of the patient, habits that harm oral tissues, and implant selection. The most pressing issue that all implantologists face today is the occurrence of complications and failures in implants. To further improve treatment outcomes, the etiologies and factors associated with implant failures should be identified. Osseointegrated dental implants have long been regarded as the closest substitute for missing teeth.

Sub-monolayer deposition control of pulsed laser deposition technique has been utilized to grow Ag-Au alloy nanoparticle films of different compositions and mass thicknesses using sequential ablation of pure Ag and Au targets. The films produced at high substrate temperature in single step growth have shown strong localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) response, which is systematically red-shifted with Au percentage and film mass thickness. The morphology of the films studied from atomic force microscopy revealed densely packed nanoparticles at all compositions with typical particle number density of ∼1010 - 1011/cm2. The optical response of the films was measured using spectroscopic ellipsometry at different angles of incidence and their effective dielectric response was determined from multiple oscillator modeling. The effective dielectric response was found to well predict the optical transmission spectra and also showed systematic red-shift of interband absorption edge with Au percentage in the films conforming alloy formation, in consistent with the results of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) measurements carried out at 488 and 633 nm excitation laser wavelengths revealed that Ag and Ag rich films exhibited relatively higher enhancement of SERS intensity as compared to other composition films. These nanoparticle films were found to be efficient SERS substrates for easy detection of trace dye molecules in nano-molar concentration range. The SERS enhancement was found to depend on film mass thickness and alloy composition dependent LSPR response having close overlap with the laser excitation wavelength.

Composites polymerized with a clear matrix on the surface will leave a resin-rich surface layer that is easily abraded in the oral environment, exposing unpolished, rough, inorganic filler material. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the polishing effect of two different polishing systems: One-step (PoGo) system and Sof-Lex (multistep) system on four different resin composites: Synergy D6, Clearfil APX Esthetics, Filtek Z 350 XT, Ceram X Mono. After polishing, the specimens were analyzed for average surface roughness using a two-dimensional surface profilometer. How to cite this article: Garg S, Goel M, Verma S, Mahajan N, Kaul B, Garg V. Use of “Surface Analyzer” to evaluate the Effect of Two Polishing Systems on Surface Texture of Four Newer Composites. Int J Clin Pediatr Dent 2018;11(4):266-270.

Mandibular first molars are the major standpoint for occlusion, and also have a wide peri-cemental area. Under specific conditions, hemisection of the tooth is indicated after an endodontic treatment. The following case report presents the hemisection of grossly carious, endodontically treated mandibular first molar, in a 23 year old female, followed by replacement of the mesial root with a single piece immediate loaded BCS (Bi-Cortical Screw) implant and a single unit porcelain fused to metal crown for the prosthetic rehabilitation of the remaining tooth structure, with the BCS implant providing strength and support to the weakened tooth structure. This procedure is an innovation in prosthetic rehabilitation of tooth structure left after hemisection and enhances the predictability of success rate of hemisection.

Ti–6Al–4V alloys are perfectly suited for fan compressor blade material in advanced aero engine components due to outstanding resistance to corrosion and specific strength was high in both room temperature and elevated temperature. For autogeneous welding of thin sheets of Ti–6Al–4V alloy, the gas tungsten constricted arc welding (GTCAW) was established to be beneficial than the gas tungsten arc welding process. The performance of welded joints depends on the fusion zone grain size (FZG) and fusion zone hardness (FZH), which need to be suitably optimized and controlled to attain advantageous mechanical characteristics of the joint. Hence, in this research study, efforts were taken to develop empirical relationships for predicting the FZH and FZG incorporating very important GTCAW parameters. Parameter optimization was performed using response surface methodology. Additionally, the influence of GTCAW parameters on FZG and FZH was analyzed. From the results, it is inferred that the inter-pulse frequency has better influence on FZG and FZH compared to other parameters.

Growing up in the context of conflict brings one face to face with many challenges. The experiences in such a context, however, also evolve coping mechanisms/ patterns of people. Focusing on the 2010 scenario of unrest in Kashmir, this paper is based on a qualitative research that aimed to explore perspectives of young women from Kashmir in terms of events, impacts and patterns of coping in their life. This research involved 9 young women in the age group of 16 to 26 years from two districts of Kashmir: Srinagar and Budgam. The paper presents findings related to patterns of coping in their life. Narratives of young women presented a sense of collectivism and identification with issues and concerns of other Kashmiris in terms of an identity of victimhood and a sense of being oppressed and discriminated against. Following patterns of coping emerged from narratives: use of community support, preparations based on past experiences, use of supportive relationships and existing resources of family, engagement in activities, expressing and communicating, seeking information and restructuring life and schedules based on information about the situation, normalizing and acceptance, and identification with scenarios/contexts of oppression and struggle for rights.

A series of Schiff bases of diphenylamine derivatives have been synthesized and evaluated in vitro for their antibacterial activity against pathogenic both Gram-positive bacteria B. subtilis and Gram-negative bacteria E. coli using ciprofloxacin as standard drug at conc. of 50 µg/ml and 100 µg/ml. The structures of these compounds were established on the basis of IR and 1H-NMR spectral analysis. The compound (3d) displayed potent antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis (17 and 15mm) and Escherichia coli (19 and 17mm) by disc diffusion method.

In modernization nitrogen containing heterocyclic compounds and their derivatives has attracted great interest due to their efficacious biological and pharmacological properties. The moiety of piperazines and substituted aryl piperazines were found to present in compounds aim at evaluating new entities that possess anti-microbial, anti-tubercular, anticonvulsant, anti-depressant, anti-malarial and anti-inflammatory activities. Piperazines show a broad range of activities and are found in many potent biologically active compounds such as thiothixene and pimozide (anti-psychotics), Loxapine (schizophrenia), Clozapine (Atypical anti-psychotics). The modifications in the moiety of piperazine ring shows high efficacy with better potency and lesser toxicity. This review focused on multifarious biological activities related to piperazines and its derivatives.

The strain hardening exponent and strength coefficient of the Ramberg-Osgood flow rule are required for the accurate design analysis of the materials of aeroengine components. A direct method of deriving these parameters involves the processing of the complete raw data of tensile testing as per ASTM E-646. More often, a first design effort of aeroengine components is made using catalogue data, as the evaluation of material tensile properties is a time-consuming process that takes place concurrently. Catalogue-supplied data on the monotonic loading typically contains elastic modulus, 0.2% proof stress, and ultimate tensile stress along with other data for various temperatures. A methodology was evolved in this work to construct the Ramberg-Osgood flow rule with these three parameters and was validated with laboratory test results and published data through a comparison with ASTM E-646. The strain hardening exponents and strength coefficients were established for a family of aeroengine metallic materials for various temperatures, which can serve as a first design effort input.

Literature survey reveals that in past few decades, some urea derivatives have been synthesized for the management of DM among which sulphonylurea have been gaining considerable recognition in the management of DM worldwide. In the present study N-phenyl-.N-(substituted) phenoxy acetyl ureas were synthesized using three- step reaction pathway. A new series of phenylurea's were prepared by treating phenylurea with chloroacetyl chloride to form the product which on further treatment with various substituted phenols gave the final product. All synthesized compounds were characterized on the basis of M.P range, RF value, elemental analysis, IR, NMR spectral analysis. Out of the compounds tested few showed antihyperglycaemic activity. © 2011 IGJPS. All rights reserved.

An attempt has been made to study the potential of mutagenic effects of gamma rays and sodium azide (NaN3) on the meiotic cells of Vigna unguiculata (cowpea). Cowpea being a self-pollinated vegetable crop has very limited genetic variability therefore induced mutation can provide additional source of mutation in recent plant breeding programmes. Chromosomal aberrations like unorientation, multivalents, laggards, bridges, micronuclei, stickiness and precocious movement etc. were noticed in mutagen treated populations. Chromosomal aberrations were found to be correlated with the concentrations of physical and chemical mutagens individually as well as in combination. On the basis of our experimental results it can be concluded that the combined treatment proved to be more effective in inducing abnormalities and pollen sterility as compared to individual treatment sets.

The occurrence of polytenic nuclei in the anther tapetum of field grown variety K 5269 of a bean species, Vigna unguiculata has been recorded. There are pronounced polytene nuclei with chromocenters unassociated with chromatin bundles. In comparison to polytenic nuclei of other plants they were relatively smaller with a small nucleolus. These features of polytenic nuclei suggest low level of endoreduplication in Vigna unguiculata.

We show that 2+1 dimensional Dirac oscillators in an external magnetic field is mapped onto the same with reduced angular frequency in absence of magnetic field. This can be used to study the atomic transitions in a radiation field. Relativistic Landau levels are constructed explicitly. Several interesting features of this system are discussed., Revised Version, Latex, 9 pages, No figs, To appear in Phys. Lett. A