8 results
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2. Brazil, Foreign Policy and Climate Change (1992-2005).
- Author
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Kiessling, Christopher Kurt
- Subjects
BRAZILIAN foreign relations, 1985- ,CLIMATE change ,INTERNATIONAL relations ,NON-state actors (International relations) ,GOVERNMENT policy on climate change ,UNITED Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (1992) - Abstract
Copyright of Contexto Internacional is the property of Pontificia Universidade Catolica do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Relacoes Internacionais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Benthic estuarine communities in Brazil: moving forward to long term studies to assess climate change impacts.
- Author
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Bernardino, Angelo Fraga, Pagliosa, Paulo Roberto, Christofoletti, Ronaldo Adriano, Barros, Francisco, Netto, Sergio A., Muniz, Pablo, and da Cunha Lana, Paulo
- Subjects
BENTHIC ecology ,ESTUARINE ecology ,CLIMATE change ,COASTAL ecology ,ENVIRONMENTAL monitoring - Abstract
Copyright of Brazilian Journal of Oceanography is the property of Instituto Oceanografico da Universidade de Sao Paulo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Climate Politics and the Crisis of the Liberal International Order
- Author
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Felipe Leal Albuquerque
- Subjects
China ,Climate change ,Climate Finance ,Multilateralism ,Politics ,União Europeia ,Political science ,media_common.cataloged_instance ,mudança climática ,multilateralism ,European Union ,meio ambiente ,European union ,media_common ,Government ,Brasil ,General Medicine ,multilateralismo ,JZ2-6530 ,UNFCCC ,climate change ,Political economy ,Position (finance) ,International relations ,Brazil ,environment - Abstract
The election of Donald Trump brought disarray to the climate change regime. The changes in what was up to then a promoter of the liberal international order (LIO) exacerbated existing tensions while creating new ones. This paper investigates how that challenge impacted the behaviours of Brazil, China and the European Union (EU) by comparatively analysing their dissimilar positions with respect to three indicators before and after Trump’s coming into power. These indicators are individual pledges and climate-related policies; approaches to climate finance; and the principle of common but differentiated responsibilities and respective capabilities (CBDR-RC). The analysis first shows how the US started eroding the broader LIO and the climate change regime to then delve into the behaviours of the three respective key players concerning climate talks. I sustain that the EU, despite its inner divisions, is already counteracting Washington, whereas China is combining a pro-status quo position based on a rhetorical condemnation of the United States. Brazil, in turn, had a transition towards a climate-sceptic government, shifting from being a cooperative actor to abdicating hosting the COP25. Resumo A eleição de Donald Trump trouxe desordem ao regime da mudança climática. As mudanças em um promotor da ordem internacional liberal (LIO) exacerbaram as tensões existentes enquanto criavam novas. Este artigo estuda como esse desafio impactou os comportamentos do Brasil, da China e da União Europeia (UE). Faço isso analisando comparativamente as diferentes posições do Brasil, da China e da UE em relação a três indicadores antes e depois da chegada de Trump ao poder: compromissos individuais e políticas relacionadas ao clima, abordagens ao financiamento do clima e ao princípio das responsabilidades comuns porém diferenciadas e respectivas capacidades (CBDR-RC). A análise primeiro mostra como os EUA começaram a corroer a LIO mais amplo e o regime de mudança climática para depois mergulhar nos comportamentos dos três principais atores das negociações climáticas. Eu defendo que a UE, apesar de suas divisões internas, já está contrariando Washington, enquanto a China está combinando uma posição pró-status quo com uma condenação retórica dos Estados Unidos. O Brasil teve uma transição para um governo cético em relação ao clima, passando de um ator cooperativo a um que abdicou de sediar a COP 25.
- Published
- 2021
5. Brasil, Política Externa e Mudança Climática (1992-2005)
- Author
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Christopher Kurt Kiessling
- Subjects
Climate Change ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Climate change ,Constructivism ,050601 international relations ,Mudança Climática ,State (polity) ,United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change ,Political science ,Constructivism (philosophy of education) ,050602 political science & public administration ,Relações Internacionais ,media_common ,International relations ,Brasil ,International Relations ,05 social sciences ,Foreign Policy ,lcsh:International relations ,Construtivismo ,General Medicine ,0506 political science ,Negotiation ,Foreign policy ,Political economy ,Position (finance) ,Política externa ,lcsh:JZ2-6530 ,Brazil - Abstract
Since the emergence of the environmental agenda in the global arena, Brazil has maintained an active position in the debates around this topic. Although Brazil has always been a protagonist, its foreign policy has shown some changes in relation to addressing climate change in recent years. Likewise, the modalities under which this issue has been framed as a problem since 1992 are fundamentally important to interpreting the Brazilian position in international negotiations and the changes in them over the years. The objective of the following article is to understand the discursive framework on which the foreign policy of climate change in Brazil was structured from a constructivist standpoint on International Relations. Using this approach, this article studies both the international influences and the internal conditions of Brazilian climate policy in the negotiations of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The main sources of this research are semi-structured interviews with state and non-state actors in Brazil, complemented with a review of secondary sources such as official documents and academic papers. Resumo Desde a emergência na agenda ambiental em arena global, o Brasil tem sustentado uma posição ativa nos debates sobre esse tema. Embora o Brasil tenha sido protagonista, sua política externa tem mostrado algumas transformações na sua abordagem em relação à mudança climática nos últimos anos. Da mesma forma, as modalidades sob as quais esta questão tem sido tratada como problema desde 1992 são de fundamental importância para interpretar a posição brasileira nas negociações internacionais e as mudanças ocorridas ao longo dos anos. O objetivo desse artigo é compreender o arcabouço discursivo sobre o qual a política externa de mudanças climáticas no Brasil foi estruturada a partir de um ponto de vista construtivista das Relações Internacionais. Usando essa abordagem, este artigo estuda as influências internacionais e as condições internas da política climática brasileira nas negociações da Convenção-Quadro das Nações Unidas sobre Mudanças Climáticas (UNFCCC). As principais fontes dessa pesquisa são entrevistas semiestruturadas com atores estatais e não estatais no Brasil, complementadas com uma revisão de fontes secundárias, como documentos oficiais e trabalhos acadêmicos.
- Published
- 2018
6. Potential occurrence of Puccinia sorghi in corn crops in Paraná, under scenarios of climate change
- Author
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Jarbas Honorio de Miranda and Nicole C. R. Ferreira
- Subjects
Crops, Agricultural ,Atmospheric Science ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Puccinia sorghi ,Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis ,Climate Change ,Climate change ,01 natural sciences ,Rust ,Zea mays ,Crop ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Relative humidity ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,030203 arthritis & rheumatology ,Ecology ,business.industry ,Basidiomycota ,MUDANÇA CLIMÁTICA ,Sowing ,Agronomy ,Agriculture ,Environmental science ,Climate model ,business ,Brazil - Abstract
In the face of climate change scenarios, it is important to evaluate the possibility of an increase in the incidence of corn crop diseases and to promote studies aimed at creating mitigation measures. This paper aims to study the impacts that regional climate changes may have on the potential occurrence of corn common rust (Puccinia sorghi), in the region of Castro, Parana (Brazil). The Eta climate model was driven by the global model CanESM2. We use the Historical simulation of the EtaCanESM2 model from 1981 to 2005, and future projections from 2046 to 2070 to simulate the occurrence of common rust. The criteria was adopted to simulate the common rust disease favored in environments with the minimum temperature lower than 8 °C, the maximum temperature higher than 32 °C, average temperature between 16 and 23 °C, and relative humidity higher than 95%. In Brazil, there are two different seasons for corn crop (Normaland Safrinha). Results show that relative humidity and minimum temperature simulated by the model presented good skills, approaching the observed data. Compared to the Historical simulation, the projections show a tendency to increase of maximum and minimum temperature in the future, and a tendency to decrease relative humidity. There is an increase in the number of days with the potential for the occurrence of the disease. The distribution of days with favorable conditions to rust disease tends to change in the future. In the Normaland Safrinhaseasons, there is a tendency to increase the number of days with favorable conditions to common rust occurrence. The influence of planting time is greater in Historical simulation when compared to future scenarios. The Safrinhaseason may present more days with the potential for the occurrence of common rust in the future than the Normalseason.
- Published
- 2019
7. Benthic estuarine communities in Brazil: moving forward to long term studies to assess climate change impacts
- Author
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Angelo F. Bernardino, Paulo Roberto Pagliosa, Sérgio A. Netto, Paulo da Cunha Lana, Pablo Muniz, Francisco Barros, Ronaldo Adriano Christofoletti, Bernardino Angelo Fraga, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Pagliosa Paulo Roberto, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Christofoletti Ronaldo Adriano, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Barros Francisco, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Netto Sergio A., Universidade do Sul de Santa Catarina, Muniz Pablo, Universidad de la República (Uruguay). Facultad de Ciencias. Instituto de Ecología y Ciencias Ambientales, and Lana Paulo da Cunha, Universidade Federal do Paraná
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0106 biological sciences ,Impactos ,geography ,geography.geographical_feature_category ,010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences ,Brasil ,010604 marine biology & hydrobiology ,Ecologia bêntica ,Forestry ,Estuary ,Oceanography ,01 natural sciences ,Benthic ecology ,lcsh:Oceanography ,Fresh water ,Benthic zone ,Impacts ,Climate change ,Estuários ,lcsh:GC1-1581 ,Estuaries ,Mudança climática ,Brazil ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences - Abstract
Estuaries are unique coastal ecosystems that sustain and provide essential ecological services for mankind. Estuarine ecosystems include a variety of habitats with their own sediment-fauna dynamics, all of them globally undergoing alteration or threatened by human activities. Mangrove forests, saltmarshes, tidal flats and other confined estuarine systems are under increasing stress due to human activities leading to habitat and species loss. Combined changes in estuarine hydromorphology and in climate pose severe threats to estuarine ecosystems on a global scale. The ReBentos network is the first integrated attempt in Brazil to monitor estuarine changes in the long term to detect and assess the effects of global warming. This paper is an initial effort of ReBentos to review current knowledge on benthic estuarine ecology in Brazil. We herein present and synthesize all published work on Brazilian estuaries that has focused on the description of benthic communities and related ecological processes. We then use current data on Brazilian estuaries and present recommendations for future studies to address climate change effects, suggesting trends for possible future research and stressing the need for long-term datasets and international partnerships. Resumo Estuários são ecossistemas costeiros que sustentam uma ampla variedade de serviços ambientais para a humanidade. Estuários abrigam muitos ambientes bentônicos com características específicas e seriamente ameaçados globalmente. Manguezais, marismas e planícies de maré são amplamente impactados por poluentes domésticos e industriais, por atividades comerciais que levam à perda de habitat e pela sobrepesca. Os diversos impactos locais, associados a mudanças regionais e globais na hidromorfologia estuarina e potenciais efeitos de mudanças climáticas, colocam sérias ameaças a ecossistemas estuarinos. A rede Bentos foi criada para estudar o efeito de mudanças no clima em ecossistemas bentônicos costeiros brasileiros. Este trabalho faz parte dos esforços iniciais do Grupo de Trabalho Estuários em rever o conhecimento sobre comunidades bentônicas estuarinas no Brasil. Aqui apresentamos uma breve revisão crítica sobre os trabalhos realizados objetivando o estudo, em nível de comunidades, do bentos estuarino e processos ecológicos associados. A partir do cenário atual, realizamos recomendações de estudo para responder questões científicas sobre efeitos de mudanças climáticas em comunidades bentônicas estuarinas, e enfatizamos a necessidade de bases de dados contínuas e de longa duração e o estabelecimento de parcerias internacionais com foco específico nos estuários brasileiros.
- Published
- 2016
8. Impacto das mudanças climáticas sobre a leishmaniose no Brasil
- Author
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Elvanio Costa de Souza, Dênis Antônio da Cunha, José Gustavo Féres, Chrystian Soares Mendes, and Alexandre Bragança Coelho
- Subjects
030231 tropical medicine ,Climate change ,010501 environmental sciences ,Saúde ,01 natural sciences ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,medicine ,Leishmaniose ,Precipitation ,Socioeconomics ,Leishmaniasis ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Health Policy ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,lcsh:Public aspects of medicine ,Brasil ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,lcsh:RA1-1270 ,medicine.disease ,Geography ,Health ,Mudança climática ,Brazil - Abstract
Resumo Este estudo buscou verificar como as mudanças climáticas podem afetar a proliferação das leishmanioses no Brasil, em três períodos, 2010-2039, 2040-2079 e 2080-2100 e dois cenários de mudanças climáticas. Realizou-se uma estimação da relação entre temperatura, precipitação e números de internações por leishmaniose e, posteriormente, a equação estimada foi utilizada para prever o impacto da mudança climática na proliferação da doença no Brasil até o fim do século XXI. Os resultados encontrados indicam que a precipitação possui forte relação com a incidência de leishmaniose e as projeções indicam que haverá uma elevação, para o final do século, da quantidade anual de internações por essa doença, em cerca de 15%, em relação a 1992-2002 (cenário base). Em termos regionais, as projeções indicam crescimento em todas as regiões, com exceção do Centro-Oeste. No Sul do país haverá o maior crescimento relativo no número de internações anuais, ao passo que no Nordeste haverá o maior aumento absoluto. No geral, verifica-se que a leishmaniose aumentará sua incidência no país com a mudança climática. Abstract This paper sought to assess how climate change will affect the proliferation of leishmaniasis in Brazil in three time frames: 2010-2039, 2040-2079 and 2080-2100, and with two climate change scenarios. The relation of temperature, precipitation and the number of hospital admissions due to leishmaniasis was estimated and projections were made using these results. Results show that precipitation has a strong relation with leishmaniasis incidence and projections show that by the end of the twenty-first century there will be a 15% growth in the annual number of hospital admissions due to leishmaniasis in Brazil, compared to the base scenario (1992-2002). In regional terms, projections indicate growth in every region, with the exception of the Mid-West. The highest relative growth will be in the South of the country, while the highest increase in absolute terms will be observed in the Northeast region. In general, the incidence of leishmaniasis will grow in Brazil due to climate change.
- Published
- 2016
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