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Entre el año 2020 y hasta el 2023, el proyecto del Departament de Prehistòria, Arqueologia i Història Antiga de la Universitat de València contemplaba reexcavar los restos de la arquitectura naval del pecio de El Sec para proceder a su estudio in situ. Se tiene como objetivo el obtener datos para el estudio comparativo de las dos tradiciones navales principales de la Época Clásica, la fenicio-púnica y la griega. La nave de El Sec transportaba un cargamento comercial heterogéneo en cuanto a productos y procedencia, donde destacaban las ánforas griegas del Egeo, algunos ejemplares de ánforas grecoitálicas y púnicas del Mediterráneo Central, con una pequeña muestra de ánforas ebusitanas. También incluía vajilla ática de figuras rojas y barniz negro que en algunos casos presentaban grafitis poscocción, muchos de ellos en caracteres púnicos. Completaban la carga cerámica común y de cocina de tradición púnica, lebes de cobre y molinos de piedra volcánica. Todo ello permitió una datación tras el primer estudio del 375-350 a. C.

Los episodios de intercambios de dones entre actores hispanos y romanos alumbran un papel muy relevante de las armas y otros elementos asociados a la panoplia. El análisis de cuatro pasajes en las fuentes literarias y su contextualización histórica permiten concluir que la elección de este tipo de objetos respondió a causas tanto pragmáticas como simbólicas y vino determinada por el universo ideológico de las poblaciones hispanas así como por la circunstancia de estrés bélico en el que tuvieron lugar estos intercambios. Su viabilidad y su potencial estuvieron determinados por el surgimiento de códigos mixtos y un middle ground en el que cada interlocutor pudo tener una lectura parcialmente distinta de los significados asociados por su contraparte.

Simple Summary: Mastitis is known to pose a public health hazard and cause a costly disease for dairy herds. Bacteria are the primary causes of mastitis; and antibiotics are widely used in the treatment of the disease. This can lead to antibiotic residues in various kinds of milk and an increase in the risk of antibiotic resistance in bacteria. To avoid these problems, alternative treatments by the use of natural products are being experimented and plants extracts are also examined. This study reports the investigation of potential antioxidants and antibacterial activities against mastitis pathogens of pomegranate flowers' extracts. Results showed a high antioxidant and antibacterial potential of pomegranate flowers' extracts against the examined mastitis pathogens. Mastitis is one of the most considerable and costly diseases for dairy herds, and Staphylococcus spp. is known to be the main causative agent. Although antibiotics are widely used in the treatment of mastitis, this can cause both antibiotic residues in milk and the risk of antibiotic resistance occurrence in bacteria. Thus, in recent years, researchers have focused on alternative treatments for this disease and plants extracts are investigated for this purpose. Pomegranate is widely used as a dye, ornament, and medicinal plants in the industry, and the species has a particularly high economic value in Turkey. This study aims to investigate in vitro the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the pomegranate flower's extracts against different Staphylococcus species associated with bovine mastitis. To this aim, pomegranate flowers were collected from different regions in Turkey and extracts were prepared with three different solvents (methanol, ethanol, and water). The retention factor values of the ethanol extract were determined by thin-layer chromatography. The antibacterial activity tests were carried out via the disk diffusion method. In addition, the extracts were tested against the stable DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) free radicals for antioxidant activity. Four retention factors (0.79, 0.67, 0.58, and 0.33 points) were found for the ethanol extract. The methanol extract showed the highest inhibition zones against coagulase-negative Staphylococcus-37 (CNS-37) and S. aureus-18. The lowest MIC was 6500 μg/mL. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in methanol extracts. As a result, the extracts of pomegranate flowers showed a high antioxidant and antibacterial potential against the examined mastitis pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Desde el descubrimiento del monumento funerario de Pozo Moro, la conocida como ‘escena del banquete’ ha sido el relieve más publicado entre los investigadores. Sin embargo, a pesar de que hay consenso a la hora de interpretar el conjunto como el descenso del héroe/difunto al Inframundo, existen discrepancias acerca de la forma en que logra salvarse. Tratando de solucionar este problema, en el presente estudio se realiza una nueva propuesta basada en la comparación de los elementos representados en el relieve con la iconografía funeraria nilótica. Según ella, se propone que la sombra del difunto conseguiría escapar de las fauces del monstruo devorador que preside la escena a la izquierda gracias a la ayuda de una deidad psicopompa, identificable con la diosa egipcia Taweret, la cual desde el extremo derecho del panel alumbra con una antorcha el camino del fallecido y le aleja del peligro. Tras ello, se plantea una reflexión final sobre las influencias egiptizantes asumidas por la población fenicio-púnica en el sur de la Península Ibérica.

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Los historiadores antiguos informan que entre los siglos VI y II a.C. diversas embajadas viajaron de Cartago a Tiro para llevar a cabo ofrendas al templo de Melqart. Los componentes de estas delegaciones son definidos por Flavio Arriano como θεωροὶ según el marco conceptual griego, por lo que nos encontraríamos ante personajes de naturaleza sagrada. Esta idea, unida a diversos hallazgos epigráficos que hacen alusión a individuos entre cuya titulatura aparece “resucitador del dios”, induce a considerar que estos comisionados fueron en realidad los representantes del estado púnico en la famosa ἐγέρσις tiria. Un análisis comparativo de las fuentes literarias y arqueológicas que poseemos en la actualidad pretende arrojar algo de luz sobre este fenómeno.

In an effort to explore bioactive anti-inflammatory compounds from natural Actinobacteria resources from all over Taiwan and various ecological environments, an active strain of Acrocarpospora punica was collected at Taitung County in Taiwan, prepared from soil origin. A bioassay-guided fractionation of the BuOH extract of a culture broth of a new strain of the actinomycete Acrocarpospora punica led to the isolation of five previously undescribed compounds: acrocarpunicains A–F (1–6). The structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the isolated compounds were subjected to in vitro testing to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activity. Of these isolates, acrocarpunicains A (1), B (2), C (3) and F (6) showed NO inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 9.36 ± 0.25, 10.11 ± 0.47, 5.15 ± 0.18, and 27.17 ± 1.87 μM, stronger than the positive control, quercetin (IC50 = 35.95 ± 2.34 μM). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on azaphilone and phenanthrene-type metabolites from the genus Acrocarpospora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

En Cástulo, un lugar estratégico situado en la fluctuante frontera de la Hispania Ulterior y Citerior, se encontró hace años una pequeña placa de pizarra con el grabado de un jinete armado. El único estudio publicado sobre esta pieza, en 1983, lo consideraba un jinete griego. Ahora nosotros proponemos que se trata de un jinete africano –númida o mauritano– de los que combatieron en la Península Ibérica durante la Segunda Guerra Púnica.

Mastitis is one of the most considerable and costly diseases for dairy herds, and Staphylococcus spp. is known to be the main causative agent. Although antibiotics are widely used in the treatment of mastitis, this can cause both antibiotic residues in milk and the risk of antibiotic resistance occurrence in bacteria. Thus, in recent years, researchers have focused on alternative treatments for this disease and plants extracts are investigated for this purpose. Pomegranate is widely used as a dye, ornament, and medicinal plants in the industry, and the species has a particularly high economic value in Turkey. This study aims to investigate in vitro the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of the pomegranate flower’s extracts against different Staphylococcus species associated with bovine mastitis. To this aim, pomegranate flowers were collected from different regions in Turkey and extracts were prepared with three different solvents (methanol, ethanol, and water). The retention factor values of the ethanol extract were determined by thin-layer chromatography. The antibacterial activity tests were carried out via the disk diffusion method. In addition, the extracts were tested against the stable DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) free radicals for antioxidant activity. Four retention factors (0.79, 0.67, 0.58, and 0.33 points) were found for the ethanol extract. The methanol extract showed the highest inhibition zones against coagulase-negative Staphylococcus-37 (CNS-37) and S. aureus-18. The lowest MIC was 6500 μg/mL. The highest antioxidant activity was observed in methanol extracts. As a result, the extracts of pomegranate flowers showed a high antioxidant and antibacterial potential against the examined mastitis pathogens.

La antigua Rusaddir ha sido objeto de una intensa investigación desde el descubrimiento y excavación del Cerro de San Lorenzo por parte de Rafael Fernández de Castro entre los años 1908-1916. A partir del rescate de una necrópolis con características únicas en el Mediterráneo antiguo, la identificación de referencias literarias en escritos clásicos y el descubrimiento de nuevas realidades arqueológicas en Melilla la Vieja, la antigua Rusaddir se ha convertido en un tema de reconsideración en el mundo académico, el cual trata de buscar su lugar y significancia histórica a partir de una labor historiográfica y arqueológica que ha dado sus frutos durante los últimos años. Rusaddir ha quedado, así, identificada como un asentamiento portuario en la Mauritania occidental que, en un momento dado, superó un determinado umbral de visibilidad arqueológica gracias a una serie de circunstancias en época romana alto-imperial que permitieron la integración económica y comercial de la ciudad en el Círculo del Estrecho.

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Copyright of Zephyrus is the property of Ediciones Universidad de Salamanca and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Universitaria de Historia Militar (RUHM) is the property of Centro de Estudios de la Guerra and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cartagine. Studi e Ricerche is the property of Cartagine. Studi e Ricerche and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In an effort to explore bioactive anti-inflammatory compounds from natural Actinobacteria resources from all over Taiwan and various ecological environments, an active strain of Acrocarpospora punica was collected at Taitung County in Taiwan, prepared from soil origin. A bioassay-guided fractionation of the BuOH extract of a culture broth of a new strain of the actinomycete Acrocarpospora punica led to the isolation of five previously undescribed compounds: acrocarpunicains A–F (1–6). The structures were elucidated by 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the isolated compounds were subjected to in vitro testing to evaluate their anti-inflammatory activity. Of these isolates, acrocarpunicains A (1), B (2), C (3) and F (6) showed NO inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 9.36 ± 0.25, 10.11 ± 0.47, 5.15 ± 0.18, and 27.17 ± 1.87 μM, stronger than the positive control, quercetin (IC50 = 35.95 ± 2.34 μM). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on azaphilone and phenanthrene-type metabolites from the genus Acrocarpospora.

Some ancient writers mention a council that belonged to the Carthaginian Senate. This commission was made up of thirty members of high Socio-political status in Carthage. They would have acted throughout Punic history in diplomatic missions of special importance for the survival of the city. In general, this study investigates the existence of a specific instrument of this nature, examining the characteristics that can be drawn for the literary evidence, and its fields of action. It also aims to address the intrinsic problem of the analysis of Carthaginian political institutions from the perspective of Greco-Roman sources.

Recensione

Nel corso del 2018 è stato intrapreso uno studio storico e topografico del territorio di Ortacesus, comune del Sud Sardegna, caratterizzato da precedenti interventi archeologici che avevano riguardato lo scavo della necropoli punico-romana di Mitza de Siddi. Con l’obiettivo di fornire la completa edizione dei materiali pertinenti ai corredi delle sepolture individuate nel corso di tali ricerche e di effettuare un lavoro di ricognizione di superficie del territorio, si è dato avvio al progetto di studio Ortacesus Sub Terris, coordinato dalla cattedra di Archeologia Classica dell'Università degli Studi di Cagliari. Si presentano in questa sede alcuni risultati preliminari del progetto e alcune notizie riguardo agli obiettivi che il gruppo di lavoro Sub Terris intende perseguire. During 2018, a historical and topographical study of the town of Ortacesus, in the province of Sud Sardegna, was undertaken. This town was characterized by past archaeological work that had concerned the discovery of the Punic and Roman necropolis of Mitza de Siddi. The archaeological materials related to the graves identified during these researches, together with a survey work on the territory, started the Ortacesus Sub Terris study project, led by the Chair of Classical Archeology of the University of Cagliari. Some preliminary information relating to the project and the objectives that the Sub Terris working group intends to pursue are presented here.

On the tragic stage, in Athens, as on the comic stage, in Rome, Phoenicians and Carthaginians play a role which conforms to a great extent to the stereotypes of otherness, but is also more subtle as regards the notion of kinship which makes the portrait more complex. All in all, tragedies and comedies draw both from their immediate context, characterized by conflicts and rivalries, and from the reservoir of mythological traditions that, through the figure of Cadmos, weave links between Phoenicians and Greeks.

Despite the vast amount of modern research concerning the Second Punic War, the role the Roman navy played has been largely ignored. Instead, nearly all studies focus on the large-scale infantry engagements featuring Hannibal the Carthaginian general versus the leaders of the Roman Republic. This study aims to address this lacuna by highlighting the Roman navy’s role in the long-term victory over Carthage. An analysis of ancient ships and warfare strategies reveals that there were many limitations which hindered the ability of a fleet from operating along coastlines lacking friendly port cities. Due to a combination of geography, strategy and success in battle Rome was consistently able to exploit these limitations at Carthaginian expense. The implication being that the efforts of the navy were a significant factor in the eventual Roman victory.

El hallazgo de una moneda con iconografía púnica en el transcurso de las excavaciones del yacimiento ibero-romano de La Vispesa, en un territorio apartado del circuito habitual de estas acuñaciones durante la Segunda Guerra Púnica, supone una nueva contribución para el estudio de la circulación monetaria del numerario hispano cartaginés en la Península Ibérica.

Els Pirineus van ser la primera barrera orogràfica que Anníbal Barca i el seu contingent militar van haver de superar. Tot i haver-hi més d’un centenar d’investigacions sobre la ruta del general púnic de Cartago Nova a Roma, el seu pas pel territori català i els Pirineus resulta ser quasi un apèndix d’aquestes recerques. En aquest treball es presenta un estudi de la possible ruta de l’exèrcit púnic, emprant l’anàlisi dels camins de mínim cost amb les eines dels SIG, reforçada amb un estudi de les fonts clàssiques i les evidències arqueològiques relacionables.

Els treballs arqueològics desenvolupats en els darrers anys al nord-est peninsular han permès documentar alguns esdeveniments històrics vinculats a la segona Guerra Púnica. També a l’àrea pirinenca, i en especial a la comarca de la Cerdanya, hi ha indicis d’aquest conflicte, el que permet vincular aquestes noves dades a les informacions aportades pels historiadors antics com Polibi i Titus Livi. El creuament dels Pirineus d’almenys una part de les tropes púniques per l’eix Segre-Tet sembla una proposta ben fonamentada.

Aquest treball analitza la presència militar cartaginesa entre l’Ebre i els Pirineus al nord-est peninsular durant la Segona Guerra Púnica. En primer lloc, s’estudien les referències de les fonts escrites i els indicis arqueològics. En segon lloc, s’analitzen les mencions dels autors antics sobre la forma i disposició dels campaments de campanya cartaginesos i, finalment, es presenten les restes mobles que ens permeten localitzar aquests campaments, bàsicament monedes, restes d’armament i ceràmiques.

El paper dels ausetans a la Segona Guerra Púnica havia estat sempre acceptat i corroborat per les fonts i l’arqueologia. Ara bé, la citació de Livi «Ausetanos prope Hiberum» ha portat a suposar l’existència d’uns altres ausetans a l’Ebre i a fer-los protagonistes dels fets atribuïts pels clàssics. Volem demostrar que les terres del Ter mitjà van ser importants en el conflicte i en les revoltes posteriors, i que és aquest el territori ausetà a què les fonts fan referència, tal com ho demostren els esdeveniments històrics posteriors que culminen amb la fundació d’Auso.

En els darrers anys, les intervencions arqueològiques dutes a terme a l’àrea de la Cerdanya han identificat diverses evidències que permeten obtenir un major coneixement del poble històric dels ceretans. En aquest treball analitzarem aquelles que vinculen aquests ceretans amb els fets succeïts durant la Segona Guerra Púnica i amb les seves conseqüències, principalment a través de les dades obtingudes al Castellot de Bolvir i al Tossal de Baltarga de Bellver de Cerdanya.

The purpose of this paper is to offer a new perspective on Silius Italicus' alleged stoicism through an analysis of three episodes in his poem which deal with exemplary deaths: the execution of the so-called "smiling slave" (a Hispanic slave who bears his torments heroically, mocking his torturers, Sil.1.169--181), the death of Marcus Atilius Regulus at Carthage (Sil. 2.340--344; 2.435--436; 6.535--544), and the death of Lucius Aemilius Paullus at Cannae (Sil. 10.260--288). My argument is that in Silius' poem both Regulus' and the slave's deaths are modelled on similar passages in Seneca's oeuvre, while the description of Paullus' death, despite being modelled on Livy's account (Liv. 22.49.6--11), includes several philosophical (and especially Senecan) motifs, so that the consul of Cannae becomes a sort of stoic sapiens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of pomegranate seed oil on blood parameters and egg quality of Japanese quails (Coturnix coturnix japonica). For this reason, a total of 120 mixed quails at 5-7-day ages were divided into 4 groups (30 quails in each group) and placed in cages. For the feeding study, feed supplemented with 1, 3 and 5% pomegranate seed oil and control feed with no oil addition were prepared, the trial lasted 12 weeks. Quail blood parameters, egg quality characteristics, fatty acid composition, mineral compositions and combustion energy values were determined. The supplementation of pomegranate seed oil in quail feed did not affect the physical quality parameters of the eggs significantly. The total saturated fatty acids and polyunsaturated fatty acids increased, while the monounsaturated fatty acids and total unsaturated fatty acids decreased. These results clearly demonstrated that supplementation of the quail diet with pomegranate seed oil increased total amount of CLnA and n-6 fatty acids in egg. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presentazione del volume Carthage:Maîtresse de la Méditerranée, Capitale de l’Afrique (IX siècle avant J.-C. – XIIe siècle), a cura di Samir Aounallah e Attilio Mastino (Histoires et Monuments 1), Tunis 2018

El presente artículo analiza la diversidad de respuestas que las distintas comunidades locales del sureste peninsular ofrecieron ante la presencia cartaginesa. Los contactos coloniales del siglo IV y primera mitad del III a.C. dieron lugar a fenómenos de hibridación cultural focalizados en el Campo de Elche y ciertos puertos mediterráneos. En cambio, la invasión cartaginesa del 237 a.C. provocó la aparición de protectorados, el auge militarista y un acusado y heterogéneo proceso de negociación cultural.

Lo scavo nel parco di Villa Belmonte (Monte Pellegrino, Palermo) ha messo in luce diversi ambienti, realizzati con una tecnica a “pseudo telaio” probabilmente con copertura straminea, adoperati per lo stoccaggio di derrate data la grande quantità di anfore di tipo punico rinvenute in situ, databili intorno alla metà del III sec. a.C. Inoltre, si è intercettato un tratto di strada larga circa 3 m che procede in direzione WNW- ESE, costituita da due battuti. Si ritiene di avere rintracciato parte di una postazione a carattere strategico/militare utilizzata dall’esercito cartaginese durante gli anni cruciali della I guerra punica.

El Museo Monográfico del Puig des Molins, y su necrópolis anexa constituyen uno de los enclaves arqueológicos y naturales más importantes de Ibiza. Cementerio de la ciudad durante toda la Antigüedad, su evolución histórica a lo largo del pasado siglo XX y primeras décadas del actual, ha sido un largo camino lleno de dificultades, que finalmente llegaron a buen puerto con la reapertura de sus instalaciones al público a finales del 2012.

Hannibal in Gades: An Inquiry into the Poetic Technique of Silius Italicus in "Punica" Three Located in Punica Three, the description of Hercules’ temple and Hannibal’s prophetic dream serve as important instruments of both narrative and poetic techniques, both anticipating events to come and positioning the plot within the intricate nexus of symbols and intertextual allusions that appear to strengthen the Carthaginian’s resolve while simultaneously emphasizing the futility of his efforts. At the same time, the two may be studied as examples of sophisticated poetic technique, their reading heavily dependent on reader’s knowledge of the semantic framework of Greco-Roman culture.

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Copyright of Journal of Agricultural Sciences, Belgrade is the property of University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In the development of the second Punic war is documented the existence of three great african kingdoms. the numidians of masaesyles, with syphax as leader, which was undoubtedly the most extensive and powerful. However, it turned out to be defeated by the masyles numidia, headed by masinissa. the roman victory over carthage was also associated with the fight between the two numidias. in this paper we study the data known about the reign of syphax: the problematic origins of the kingdom, its territorial extension, the coins minted by king, as well as the historical evolution of the reign of syphax.