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Aim A new Ag(I) complex (A3) was synthesized and evaluated for its anticancer activity against human cancer cell lines. Materials and methods The complex A3 was characterized by 1H, 13C, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR) spectra, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography. The interaction of the complex with CT-DNA was studied by electronic absorption spectra, fluorescence spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry; cell viability (%) was assessed by absorbance measurement of the samples. Results The interaction mode of the complex A3 with DNA is electrostatic, and this complex shows good potential in anticancer properties against HCT 116 (human colorectal cancer cells) and MDA-MB-231 (MD Anderson-metastatic breast) cell lines with 0.5 micromolar concentrations. Conclusion The Ag(I) complex could interact with DNA noncovalently and has anticancer properties.

Three-dimensional porous coordination polymers, which are known as metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), have drawn considerable attention owing to their properties, such as highly crystalline and ordered structures, inorganic–organic-hybrid nature, tunability of chemical functionality, high porosity and surface area and moderate-to-high stability. Due to these properties, MOFs are applied extensively as probes for the detection of large varieties of organic molecules. In this line, different MOF-based instrumental and material-based methods along with different strategies have been developed to study and extend our information about the capabilities of MOFs as sensing probes for the detection of organic molecules as well as improving and developing their detection limits, selectivity and sensitivity toward specific analytes. Considering these points, we have presented and classified the content of this review based on the chemical structures of organic analytes in three categories, including (I) nitroaromatic explosives and energetic materials, (II) small organic molecules, such as solvents and volatile organic compounds, and (III) organic amines. For each group of these analytes, different material and instrumental methods using MOFs have been explained, with illustrations of remarkable examples. Finally, we compare the methods for the detection of each group of analytes and discuss which instrumentation is more effective for each group of analytes.

A novel ferrocene-functionalized silver cluster (FcAgCs) has been designed and synthesized with the assistant of ultrasound treatment and fully characterized by single crystal spectroscopy, IR, UV–Vis, XRD, TGA, NMR, CV and elemental analyses. Ultrasound synthesis method facilitates and accelerates synthesis of this amazing structure and plays a vital role in the synthesis of this special cluster. Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveal that the cluster can be described as a cationic [(dppf)2Ag4(C CtBu)2(CH3OH)2]2+ (dppf = 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene) species consisted of four rhombic silver atom and two isolated BF4- counter anions. Thermal stability greater than 200 °C and solution CV results show that the title cluster is sufficiently stable and suitable for the fabricating of FcAgCs/ITO thin-films and exploring as electrochemical responding materials. Based on its properties, we use it to prepare thin-films on ITO substrate by spin coating method. Verification of synthesis, thickness, uniformity and stability of the fabricated FcAgCs/ITO thin-films were characterized and confirmed by UV, XRD, SEM and the scotch tape adhesion peel test. Moreover, we use this FcAgCs/ITO thin-film electrode as thin-film electrochemical detector which shows sensitive and quick response in the detection of H2O2.

The binding of ruthenium(II) complexes of formulation [(η6-p-cymene)RuCl(L1)]PF6 (1) and [(η6-C6H6)RuCl(L1)]PF6 (2), L1= (E)-4-nitro-N-(quinolin-2-ylmethylene)aniline, to calf thymus–DNA (CT-DNA) were investigated via techniques include electronic absorption spectra, fluorescence and redox behavior (cyclic voltammetry) and the results of the analysis of complexes 1 and 2 are compared with the results of complexes 3 and 4, [(η6-p-cymene)RuCl(L1)]PF6 (3) and [(η6-C6H6)RuCl(L2)]PF6 (4), L2=(E)-N-((6-bromopyridin-2-yl)methylene)-4-nitroaniline. Single crystals of the complexes were separated by the slow evaporation method and they were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy and the thermal studies of them were studied by thermal gravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Also, it has been shown that the complexes are photosensitive molecules. RuO2 nanoparticles were prepared by calcination of the complexes and it was investigated the influence of the treating by ultrasound on the characteristics of the samples before calcination.

Aim: To study of the interactions of two new ruthenium(II) complexes (C1 and C2) with calf thymus (CT)-DNA; production of RuO2 nanoparticles using the complexes precursor. Materials & methods: Complex C1 was characterized by x-ray crystallography. The binding of the complexes with (CT)-DNA was studied using techniques that include electronic absorption spectra, fluorescence and redox behavior. The preparation of RuO2 nanoparticles was carried out by thermal decomposition. Results: The interaction mode of DNA with complexes is the type of electrostatic. It was revealed that sonication of the samples, before thermal decomposition, has been affected the morphologies and sizes of the resulting nanoparticles. Conclusion: The complexes are capable of interaction with DNA molecules and they have a good potential to prepare nanostructures.

Two novel Ru(II) complexes [(η6-p-cymene)RuCl(L2)]PF6 (R2) and [(η6-C6H6)RuCl(L2)]PF6 (R4), with ligand (E)-N-((6-bromopyridin-2-yl)methylene)-4-(methylthio)aniline (L2), were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and IR spectroscopy. Based on X-ray crystallography studies, complexes R2 and R4 have coordination environments with formulated (η6-p-cymene)Ru(N2Cl) and (η6-C6H6)Ru(N2Cl), respectively. The thermal stabilities of compounds R2 and R4 were studied by thermal gravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Thermal decomposition of these complexes was at 280°C and 260°C under air atmosphere respectively. The interaction of these complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) was explored through electronic absorption spectra, fluorescence and redox behavior studies. The results showed that the complexes bind to CT-DNA with electrostatic interactions. Nanoparticles of RuO2 were prepared by calcination of R2 and R4. Also the role of the ultrasound waves on the characteristics of the RuO2 nanoparticles was studied. The nanoparticles were characterized by IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Also size and morphology of nanoparticles were studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Two novel Ru(II) complexes [(η6-p-cymene)RuCl(L1)]PF6 (R1) and [(η6-C6H6)RuCl(L1)]PF6 (R3) with ligand (E)-4-(methylthio)-N-((quinolin-2-yl)methylene)benzenamine (L1), were synthesized and investigated using elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy and X-ray crystallography. Complexes R1 and R3 have coordination environments with formulated (η6-p-cymene)Ru(N2Cl) and (η6-C6H6)Ru(N2Cl) respectively. The thermal stabilities of compounds R1 and R3 were studied by thermal gravimetric (TG) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The binding of the complexes R1 and R3 to calf thymus DNA (CT DNA) was investigated by using electronic absorption spectra, fluorescence and redox behavior studies. Such experimental data showed that there are interactions between complexes and CT-DNA and the nature of this binding is electrostatic interaction type. Calcination of ultrasonic treated R1 and R3 results in the formation of nanoparticles of RuO2. The nanoparticles were characterized by IR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Also size and morphology of nanoparticles were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Aim A new Ag(I) complex (A3) was synthesized and evaluated for its anticancer activity against human cancer cell lines. Materials and Methods The complex A3 was characterized by 1H, 13C, and 31P nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), infrared (IR) spectra, elemental analysis, and X-ray crystallography. The interaction of the complex with CT-DNA was studied by electronic absorption spectra, fluorescence spectroscopy, and cyclic voltammetry; cell viability (%) was assessed by absorbance measurement of the samples. Results The interaction mode of the complex A3 with DNA is electrostatic, and this complex shows good potential in anticancer properties against HCT 116 (human colorectal cancer cells) and MDA-MB-231 (MD Anderson-metastatic breast) cell lines with 0.5 micromolar concentrations. Conclusion The Ag(I) complex could interact with DNA noncovalently and has anticancer properties.

A novel ferrocene-functionalized silver cluster (FcAgCs) has been designed and synthesized with the assistant of ultrasound treatment and fully characterized by single crystal spectroscopy, IR, UV-Vis, XRD, TGA, NMR, CV and elemental analyses. Ultrasound synthesis method facilitates and accelerates synthesis of this amazing structure and plays a vital role in the synthesis of this special cluster. Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveal that the cluster can be described as a cationic [(dppf)

Residual dipolar couplings (RDCs) have attracted attention in light of their great impact on the structural elucidation of organic molecules. However, the effectiveness of RDC measurements is limited by the shortage of alignment media compatible with widely used organic solvents, such as DMSO. Herein, we present the first liquid crystal (LC) based alignment medium that is compatible with pure DMSO, thus enabling RDC measurements of polar and intermediate polarity molecules. The liquid crystals were obtained by grafting polymer brushes onto graphene oxide (GO) using free radical polymerization. The resulting new medium offers several advantages, such as absence of background signals, narrow line shapes, and tunable alignment. Importantly, this medium is compatible with π-conjugated molecules. Moreover, sonication-induced fragmentation can reduce the size of GO sheets. The resulting anisotropic medium has moderate alignment strength, which is a prerequisite for an accurate RDC measurement.

A novel binuclear Cu(II) complex based on ferrocene dicarboxylate was synthesized through ultrasonic and solvothermal processes and its structure confirmed by spectroscopy (IR), ultraviolet-visible spectrum (UV–Vis) and powder X-ray diffraction analysis (PXRD). Structural characterization of the complex was performed through single-crystal X-ray diffraction and thermal stability of it was perused via thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The title Cu(II) complex was used as an effective sensor for H2O2. The electrochemical method is one of the most effective methods for material sensing. In many electrochemical techniques to increase the efficiency of activity, the electrochemically active agent is supported on a substrate. Instead of using substrate, the chemical active agent can be applied as a part of the complex structure. In this work, ferrocene dicarboxylate as an active agent in the Cu(II) complex has been used for sensing of H2O2. Due to the effect of particle size on electrochemical activity, the nano-sized complex was synthesized by ultrasonic technique (as an environmentally friendly method) and also, CuO nanoparticles were also obtained by thermal decomposition of ultrasonic treated complex at 500 °C. The size and morphology of the nanoparticles were explored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). As well as, they were characterized through X-ray diffraction (XRD) and elemental mapping.

To study of the interactions of two new ruthenium(II) complexes (C1 and C2) with calf thymus (CT)-DNA; production of RuOComplex C1 was characterized by x-ray crystallography. The binding of the complexes with (CT)-DNA was studied using techniques that include electronic absorption spectra, fluorescence and redox behavior. The preparation of RuOThe interaction mode of DNA with complexes is the type of electrostatic. It was revealed that sonication of the samples, before thermal decomposition, has been affected the morphologies and sizes of the resulting nanoparticles.The complexes are capable of interaction with DNA molecules and they have a good potential to prepare nanostructures.

Two novel Ru(II) complexes [(η

Nanostructures of three new cobalt(II) complexes, (CoL1)·0.5DMF·1.5MeOH (1), [H2L1=5-(4-Carboxy phenyl azo) anthranilic acid], (Co(L2)2)·1.5MeOH (2), [HL2=5-(4-Carboxy phenyl azo) salicylaldehyde] and (Co(L3)2)·0.5DMF·0.5MeOH (3), [HL3=1-(4-Carboxy phenyl azo) 2-naphtol], have been synthesized by the reaction of H2L1, HL2 and HL3 with Co(OAc)2·4H2O through sonochemical process. Calcination of the nano-sized compounds 1-3 yield Co3O4 nanoparticles at 450°C under air atmosphere. These nanostructures were characterized by X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). Thermal stability of compounds 1-3 was studied by thermogravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analyses (DTA).

A three-dimensional porous coordination polymer, [Pb(4-bpdh)(NO 3 )(H 2 O)] n ( TMU-1 ), has been synthesized with reaction of lead(II) nitrate and 2,5-bis(4-pyridyl)-3,4-diaza-2,4-hexadiene (4-bpdh). When solid TMU-1 was immersed in the ethanol solution of AgNO 3 for 5, 15 or 60 min and 20 h at room temperature, solid including Ag nanoparticles is formed ( Ag@TMU-1 ), as evidenced by HRTEM images and EDX spectrum. The visible fluorescence study of Ag@TMU-1 is another evidence for loading of silver nanoparticles on TMU-1 . Silver oxide and silver nanoparticles supported on nanocrystalline PbO were synthesized by heating of Ag@TMU -1 in air and Ar at 600 °C, respectively. The visible fluorescence study of Ag@TMU-1 is another evidence for loading of silver nanoparticles on TMU-1 .

The ichthyofauna of mountain streams in the Danzhangshan Nature Reserve (DNR) and the Raoheyuan Nature Reserve (RNR) was investigated during 2008. A total of 385 samples were collected and classified into seven families and 14 species from the two nature reserves. There were 12 species belonging to seven families in the RNR, while eight species from four families were collected in the DNR. Overall, six species were found to be endemic to China, representing five families. The relative abundance of endemic species to China was higher in the RNR than in the DNR. Current threats to conservation of fishes in both nature reserves were reviewed and management solutions are suggested. Key words: Fish, species, diversity, conservation, nature reserve, China.

Zeolite nanofiber assemblies (HNB-MOR) as efficient heterogeneous catalysts for the formation of a range of acetals in good yields. The mesoporosity of HNB-MOR benefits mass transfer, and the strong acidic sites on HNB-MOR facilitate acetalization activity. The catalyst can be reused 10 times without loss of activity.

Jinggangshan National Nature Reserve is located in the middle reach of the Luoxiao Mountains in the south-western Jiangxi Province. The fish fauna of mountain streams in the nature reserve was investigated seasonally during 2011. A total of 553 samples were collected and classified into 12 families and 38 species. The samples collected in the nature reserve did not include any exotic species. The most abundant fish species collected was Pseudogastromyzon changtingensis tungpeiensis, followed by Acrossocheilus parallens, Rhinogobius cliffordpopei and Rhinogobius giurinus. A total of 16 species were found to be endemic to China. Current threats to the conservation of fishes in the nature reserve were reviewed and management solutions were suggested.

Triticum aestivum-Hayaldia villosa translocation line V3 has shown effective all-stage resistance to the seven dominant pathotypes of Puccinia striiforms f. sp. tritici prevalent in China. To elucidate the genetic basis of the resistance, the segregating populations were developed from the cross between V3 and susceptible genotype Mingxian 169, seedlings of the parents and F_2 progeny were tested with six prevalent pathotypes, including CYR29, CYR31, CYR32-6, CYR33, Sun11-4, and Sun11-11, F_1 plants and F_3 lines were also inoculated with Sun11-11 to confirm the result further. The genetic studied results showed that the resistance of V3 against CYR29 was conferred by two dominant genes, independently, one dominant gene and one recessive gene conferring independently or a single dominant gene to confer resistance to CYR31, two complementary dominant genes conferring resistance to both CYR32-6 and Sun11-4, two independently dominant genes or three dominant genes (two of the genes show cumulative effect) conferring resistance to CYR33, a single dominant gene for resistance to Sun11-11. Resistance gene analog polymorphism (RGAP) and simple-sequence repeat (SSR) techniques were used to identify molecular markers linked to the single dominant gene (temporarily designated as ＂YrV3＂) for resistance to Sun11-11. A linkage map of 2 RGAP and 7 SSR markers was constructed for the dominant gene using data from 221 F2 plants and their derived F2:3 lines tested with Sun11-11 in the greenhouse. Amplification of the complete set of nulli-tetrasomic lines of Chinese Spring with a RGAP marker RG1 mapped the gene on the chromosome 1B, and then the linked 7 SSR markers located this gene on the long arm of chromosome 1B. The linkage map spanned a genetic distance of 25.0 cM, the SSR markers ＂Xgwm124＂ and ＂Xcfa2147＂ closely linked to ＂YrV3＂ with genetic distances of 3.0 and 3.8 cM, respectively. Based on the linkage map, it concluded that the resistance gene ＂YrV3＂ was located on chromosome arm 1BL. Given chromosomal location, the reaction patterns and pedigree analysis, ＂YrV3＂ should be a novel gene for resistance to stripe rust in wheat. These closely linked markers should be useful in stacking genes from different sources for wheat breeding and diversification of resistance genes against stripe rust.

The polyester fiber containing Ag nanoparticles was prepared through the chemical reduction under ultrasound irradiation. Influences of reduction reagents on the morphological properties of Ag nanoparticles@polyester fiber were studied. The sizes of metallic nanoparticles vary significantly with the types of reduction reagents used in the synthesis. A strong reduction reaction promotes a fast reaction rate and favors the formation of smaller nanoparticle. A weak reduction reagent induces a slow reaction rate and favors relatively larger particles. The products were investigated by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD).

In the two related polymeric title compounds, [[La2(sip)2(phen)2(H2O)3].H2O]n [sip is the 5-sulfonatoisophthalate trianion (C8H3O7S3-) and phen is 1,10-phenanthroline (C12H8N2)], (I), and [[La(sip)(H2O)3].H2O]n, (II), the lanthanum(III) ions are nine-coordinate, with similar distorted monocapped square-antiprism coordination geometry. The two crystal structures are very different. In (I), the sip anion acts as a pentadentate ligand, one of the coordinated water molecules lies on a twofold axis and further inversion, n-glide and translation operations generate a two-dimensional framework. In (II), the sip anion functions as a hexadentate ligand and a three-dimensional network with trinuclear 24-membered rings is developed via inversion, n-glide, twofold-screw and translation operations. Both structures also have extensive O-H...O hydrogen-bonded networks and pi-pi interactions.

According to the definition of molecular connectivity and the definition of the Wiener index, a novel set of Wiener indices (mV(t)) were defined, named novel Wiener index. The potential usefulness of the novel Wiener index in QSAR/QSPR is evaluated by its correlation with a number of C(3)-C(8) alkanes and by a favorable comparison with models based on molecular connectivity index and Wiener index.

Two novel coordination compounds of half-sandwiched ruthenium(II) containing 2-(5-fluorouracil)-yl-N-(pyridyl)-acetamide were synthesized, and their intercalation binding modes with calf thymus DNA were revealed by hyperchromism of ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy; the binding constants were determined according to a Langmuir adsorption equation that was deduced on the base of careful cyclic voltammetry measurements. The two compounds exhibited DNA intercalation binding activities with the binding constants of 1.13×106 M-1 and 5.35 ×105 M-1, respectively.

In the title crystal structure, C19H24N2O2+·2ClO4 −, cations and anions are connected by intermolecular O—H...O and N—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming one-dimensional chains propagating in the the a-axis direction. These chains are, in turn, linked by weak C—H...O hydrogen bonds, forming a three-dimensional network.

In the title complex, C8H8FN3O5·0.5C10H8N2, one [(5-fluoro-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetra­hydro­pyrimidin-1-yl)acetamido]acetic acid mol­ecule and one half 4,4′-bipyridine mol­ecule comprise the asymmetric unit. The 4,4′-bipyridine molecule has inversion symmetry. All bond lengths and angles in both molecules show normal values. An extensive three-dimensional network of inter­molecular N—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds stabilizes the crystal packing.

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, C10H9N2 2+·2C6H4FN2O4 −·2H2O, consists of one half of the (E)-4,4′-ethylenedipyridinium cation, one [(5-fluoro-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl)acetamido]acetate anion and one water molecule, the complete formula unit being generated by a crystallographic inversion centre at the mid-point of the central C=C bond of the (E)-4,4′-ethylenedipyridinium cation. In the crystal structure, a three-dimensional network is formed via N—H...O and O—H...O hydrogen bonds.

The title salt, bis(methyl 3,4-didehydroibogamin-6-ium-18-carboxylate) (2R,3R)-tartrate trihydrate, 2C21H25N2O2 +·C4H4O6 2−·3H2O, contains two catharanthinium cations, a (2R,3R)-tartrate anion and three water solvent molecules. The cation contains an indole ring system with a planar conformation and a seven-membered nitrogen-containing ring with a distorted chair conformation. A network of O—H...O and N—H...O intermolecular hydrogen bonds stabilizes the crystal packing.

The monomeric title complex, [Cd(C7H5O2)2(C10H8N2)(H2O)]·H2O, contains a seven-coordinate CdII atom and the CdO5N2 polyhedron is irregular. Hydrogen bonds between water mol­ecules and carboxylate groups give rise to a one-dimensional extended architecture.

In the title compound, C15H17ClN4O5S, the five-membered triazole ring and the benzene ring are each planar, while the six-membered thia­diazine ring is slightly distorted, with an r.m.s. deviation of 0.236 (1) A. Inter­molecular O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen-bond inter­actions are found in the crystal structure, and these link mol­ecules into a two-dimensional network.

In the title compound, (C7H10N)2[Cr2O7], the pyridinium cations and dichromate anion are linked by N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. π–π stacking and C—H⋯O inter­actions play subordinate roles in forming the supramolecular structure.

The title compound, (C15H25N2O)[FeCl4], consists of one matrinium cation {matrine is (7aS,13aR,13bR,13cS)-dodeca­hydro-1H,5H,8H-dipyrido[2,1-f:3′,2′,1′-ij][1,6]-naphthyridin-10-one} and one [FeCl4]− anion. One ring of the matrinium cation has a half-chair conformation, whereas the others have chair conformations. Chiral chains of the title compound are formed by C—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds.

The mol­ecule of the title compound, C19H11Cl2F3N4O, is a tricyclic amide with an overall U shape. The dihedral angles between the pyrazole and outermost benzene and phenyl rings are 89.4 (1) and 114.5 (1)°, respectively. In the crystal structure, inter­molecular N—H⋯N hydrogen bonds, with an N(amide)⋯N(cyano) separation of 3.220 (7) A, link the mol­ecules into linear chains along the [110] direction.

In the centrosymmetric title compound, [Cd(C6H5N2O4)2(H2O)4], the CdII cation is coordinated by two uracil-1-acetate anions via carboxyl­ate O atoms, and four water mol­ecules, forming a six-coordinate octa­hedral environment. O—H⋯O and N—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding inter­actions link adjacent mol­ecules into a three-dimensional network.

The chemical structural unit of the title compound [systematic name: bis­(4,4′-bipyridin-1-ium) bis­(5-fluoro-1,2,3,6-tetra­hydro-2,6-dioxopyrimidine-3-acetate) monohydrate], 2C10H9N2+·2C6H4FN2O4−·H2O, comprises two ion pairs and one water mol­ecule, which lies on a twofold rotation axis. O—H⋯O, N—H⋯O and N—H⋯N hydrogen-bond inter­actions connect the cations, anions and water mol­ecules to produce a ribbon-like double-chain along the [101] direction. The hydrogen-bonding pattern can be described in graph-set notation as R68(24)C22(16).

In the title compound, [Cu(C2Cl3O2)2(C12H8N2)(H2O)], the copper(II) ion is five-coordinated by four basal atoms (two N atoms from a 1,10-phenanthroline mol­ecule and two O atoms from two trichloro­acetate anions) and one axial aqua mol­ecule, in a distorted square-pyramidal coordination geometry. Moreover, two adjacent mononuclear units are associated by intra- and inter­molecular O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds to form a grid dimer. The hydrogen-bonding pattern could be described in graph-set terminology as R11(6)R12(8).

The title compound, [Zn(H2O)6][ZnCl3(C8H10N4O2)]2·2H2O, consists of two disordered water mol­ecules, one hexa­hydrated ZnII cation and two [ZnIICl3(caffeine)]− anions, which are arranged around an inversion center. The coordination around the hexa­hydrated ZnII cation is octa­hedral. This cation is linked with [ZnIICl3(caffeine)]− anions and water mol­ecules via O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds. Moreover, O—H⋯O and O—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds are co-operative in building up two-dimensional bilayers in which hexa­hydrated ZnII cations are sandwiched between two layers of [ZnIICl3(caffeine)]− anions, which are anti-parallel to each other.

In the title compound, 2C18H18O2·C6H12N2, 5,5′-diallyl­biphenyl-2,2′-diol and 1,4-diaza­bicyclo­[2.2.2]octane mol­ecules are linked by O—H⋯O and O—H⋯N hydrogen bonds.

The title compound, (C4H12N2)2[Mn2Cl6(H2O)4]Cl2, consists of two piperazinium cations, two chloride anions and a dimanganese complex anion, which lies on a center of symmetry. Each MnII atom is located in a distorted octa­hedral environment. The cations and the anions are held together by O—H⋯Cl and N—H⋯Cl hydrogen bonds. The structure features the formation of inorganic and organic ionic layers, which interpenetrate each other and which are linked by hydrogen bonds.

The title complex, (C6H16N)2[Zn(H2O)6](C10H6O6S2)2, is formed by aggregation of one hexa­hydrated zinc(II) cation, two triethyl­aminium cations and two naphthalene-1,6-disulfonate dianions. The ZnII cation is six-coordinate and located at an inversion center. The coordination around the metal ion is octa­hedral, with tetra­gonal elongation.

In the title compound, {[Mn(endc)(phen)(H2O)]·H2O}n [phen is 1,10-phenanthroline (C12H8N2) and endc is the endo-norbornene-cis-5,6-dicarboxyl­ate anion (C9H8O4)], each MnII ion is surrounded by two N atoms from a phen ligand, four O atoms from water mol­ecules and two carboxyl­ate groups of two endc anions, with one endc carboxyl­ate group coordinating in a monodentate fashion and the other in a chelating fashion, forming a distorted MnO4N2 octa­hedron. The endc anions act as bridges between MnII ions, resulting in a zigzag chain structure along the [010] axis.

In the title centrosymmetric compound, [Ni(C6H4FN2O4)2(C7H6N2)2(H2O)2], each NiII ion is coordinated by two 5-fluoro­uracil-1-acetate (5-fluoro-2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetra­hydro­pyrimidine-1-acetate) anions via carboxyl­ate O atoms, two water mol­ecules and two benz­imidazole ligands, forming a six-coordinate octahedral environment; the N—H⋯F, N—H⋯O and O—H⋯O hydrogen-bonding interactions link adjacent mol­ecules into a three-dimensional network.

In the crystal structure of the title compound, C13H14N3+·C2HO4−, each cation is linked to four adjacent anions by inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bonds [N⋯O = 2.870 (4)–2.895 (4) A], and each anion is also linked to two adjacent anions by O—H⋯O hydrogen bonds [O⋯O = 2.526 (3) A] to form a two-dimensional grid network parallel to (100).

In the title compound, [NiCl2(C7H9N)4], where C7H9N is 3,5-lutidine, the NiII atom is coordinated by two Cl atoms and four N atoms from 3,5-lutidine groups. The geometry around the NiII atom, which is located at a special position of symmetry 422, is octahedral. Mol­ecules of the title compound are connected by C—H⋯Cl inter­molecular hydrogen bonds and C—H⋯π inter­actions to form a three-dimensional structure.