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This study aimed to determine the Development of Spring roll using Wrapper with Threadfin Bream (Nemipterus japonicus) Flakes and if there were significant differences in the Development of Spring roll using Wrapper with Threadfin Bream (Nemipterus japonicus) Flakes using three different proportions of ingredients per treatment in terms of aroma, color, flavor, texture and general acceptability. The present investigation employed experimental design to establish the level of acceptability of the Development of Spring roll using Wrapper with Threadfin Bream (Nemipterus Japonicus) Flakes. There are three treatments subjected for evaluation using a Researcher made Survey questionnaire. These were Treatments A, B, and C. There were fifteen (15) trained panels composed of faculty of NIPSC Ajuy Campus that were purposely selected to evaluate the product. The data gathered were analyzed using the mean, standard deviation and the Friedman’s Test (Freidman’s ANOVA). The criterion for rejection and acceptance of hypothesis was set at 0.05 level of significance. The study was conducted at NIPSC-Ajuy Campus, during the 2nd Semester of School Year 2020-2021. The findings were based on the data and the results of the analysis obtained were as follows: Treatment B with 150 grams of threadfin bream flakes was found to be “extremely acceptable” and comparable with the commercial spring roll wrappers (Treatment A) in terms of aroma, color, taste, texture, and general acceptability. No significant differences was found out in the acceptability of the Development of Spring roll using Wrapper with Threadfin Bream (Nemipterus japonicus) Flakes in terms of aroma, color, taste, texture, and general acceptability. Spring roll using Wrapper with Threadfin Bream (Nemipterus japonicus) Flakes has suggested retail price of P2.65 which is more than 100 % higher compared to the commercial spring roll wrapper with selling price of P1.00 per piece. Finally, it was recommended that continuous research and development shall be pursued in case commercialization of Spring roll using Wrapper with Threadfin Bream (Nemipterus japonicus) Flakes is considered especially in the cost aspects. A feasibility study shall be conducted first before commercialization is pursued. Other pelagic fishes shall also be ventured and tested to fortify spring roll wrapper. Although results positive results in terms of acceptability, researcher shall look into possible ways to lower the cost of the product to ensure profitability. The Municipality of Ajuy along with the academic community and research authorities to take action on making researches that shall promote the utilization of pelagic fishes in the town. This actions shall enable the economic development of the town that can help resolve poverty and shortage of food in the Municipality of Ajuy. The said activities shall also promote entrepreneurial spirit especially the small and local businesses in the community

Quality control over the catch of fishermen in the Branta Fishery Port, Pamekasan is still not well-implemented. This study was aimed to evaluate the quality of kurisi fish meat based on the value of the Total Plate Count (TPC), diversity and total heterotrophic bacteria and pathogens on TSA, EMB, SSA, and TCBS media. The heterotrophic bacterial TPC (TSA) value was 8.59 Log CFU/g with 7 species diversity and the highest total of species abundance was between 2-336 colonies (BH3). The pathogenic bacterial TPC (EMB) value was 3.72 Log CFU/g with 6 species diversity and the highest total of species abundance was between 784-1009 colonies (BPE4). The BPE1 bacterial isolate which was metallic green was suspected to be Escherichia coli. The pathogenic bacterial TPC (SSA) value was 4.12 Log CFU/g with 5 species diversity and the highest total of species abundance was between 35-450 colonies (BPS1), and the BPS1 bacterial isolate which was black was suspected to be Salmonella sp. The pathogenic bacterial TPC (TCBS) value was 5.41 Log CFU/g with 2 species diversity and the highest total of species abundance was between 0-44 colonies (BPT1). The green and yellow BPT1 and BPT2 bacterial isolate were suspected to be Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus.

The third stage larvae (L3) of Anisakis typica were detected in 2 species of threadfin bream, Nemipterus hexodon and N. japonicus, from the Gulf of Thailand, and were morphologically and molecularly characterized. Total 100 threadfin breams, 50 Nemipterus hexodon and 50 N. japonicus, were examined with naked eyes after the opening of abdominal cavity with scissors. Almost all infected larvae remained alive and active even the fish were transported for 1-2 days. Anisakid larvae were exclusively distributed in the body cavity and rarely in the liver. The prevalence of A. typica L3 were 68.0% and 60.0% in N. hexodon and N. japonicus and their infection intensities were 3.5 and 4.2 per fish infected each. Morphological and morphometric analysis were performed by viewing specimens under both a light microscope and a scanning electron microscope. Interestingly, the protruded mucron of Anisakis typica under SEM showed a distinct cylindrical shape that differed from the cone shape of A. simplex. The protruded mucron could be used to identify A. typica L3 larvae in the future. A comparison of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 rDNA nucleotide sequences of these species revealed high blast scores with A. typica. Conclusively, it was confirmed that A. typica L3 are prevalent in threadfin breams from the Gulf of Thailand, and their morphological and molecular characters are something different from those of other anisakid larvae, including A. simplex and A. pegreffii.

Food composition of Nemipterus japonicus was studied by analyzing about 600 specimens from Tha-baw-seik (Lat. 14° 05' and long. 98° 05' E), Myanmar during October 2016 to September 2017. Based on the stomach content analysis, the relative importance index (IRI value) was calculated, and the predator feeding strategies were conducted during the study period. This study showed that N. japonicus is a generally demersal carnivore, and its trophic spectrum was composed of 23 food items. Among them, algae had not been described as a food item for N. Japonicus in the other previous studies. Crustaceans were the most dominant diet in the guts in term of the IRI value. Also, fish items were commonly the most dominant food followed by prawn, crab, and Acetes spp in all length groups but sex variation had no significant food changes with their IRI value.

Background: Heteraxinoides atlanticus Gayevskaya et Kovaleva (1979) is described from the locality of Arabian Sea, India. This monogenean species is first time reported from India, infesting the gills of Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch). The present study redescribes H. atlanticus and its phylogenetic status using morphometric and molecular tools. Methods: A total of 35 parasites were collected from the 234 specimens of Nemipterus japonicus at Mumbai, India. The temporary and permanent mounts were prepared for the morphometric analyses of H. atlanticus. For PCR, the genomic DNA was isolated from the parasites using primers for 18S rDNA, 28S rDNA and mtCOI gene. The obtained DNA sequences were subjected to different bioinformatics softwares (BLASTn, Clustal Omega and MEGA) for phlyogenetic analyses.Result: Phylogenetic analyses with the help of partial 18S and 28S rDNA sequences of H. atlanticus and other available sequences of heteraxinids provided the better understanding of relationship in the family Heteraxinidae. Another species, H. karachiensis Hadi and Bilqees (2014) showed similar morphological features such as number of clamps and structure of genital atrium to H. atlanticus except few minor differences, so it must be considered as synonym of H. atlanticus and placed into Heteraxinidae instead of Axinidae.

The present study was aimed at investigating the effect of inclusion of green tea leaf (GTE) extract (at 3 and 6% levels) in the icing medium employed during the chilled storage (2±1°C) of Japanese threadfin bream Nemipterus japonicus .Fish stored in normal ice (NI)was treated as control. Changes in microbiological, biochemical and sensory quality characteristics were monitored during the period of storage. Multivariate comparison was performed using principal component analysis (PCA) for the mean sensory, microbiological and chemical attributes. Samples stored in normal ice (NI) had only 8 days shelf life whereas both 3% GTE and 6% GTE stored samples had a shelf life of 16 days. From an economic point of view 3% GTE can be adopted for preservation of fish and there was no significant difference in the parameters between 3 and 6% GTE levels. Visualisation by PC plots clearly separated the investigated samples according to storage conditions, thus indicating the importance of GTEI treatment. The present study indicated that the application of GTE in ice (GTEI) is a promising technique to increase the shelf life of N.japonicus in chilled condition and hence the technique can be commercially exploited. Keywords: Chilled storage, Green tea leaf extract, Nemipterus japonicus , Principal component analysis, Shelf life

Threadfin bream ( Nemipterus japonicus ) is an important marine fish species used in the preparation of surimi. The waste generated from surimi production contains large quantity of recoverable proteins, which could be utilised for byproduct development. In this study, Isoelectric precipitation (IEP) technique as a method to recover proteins from fish processing waste was attempted. The alkali aided IEP process extracted the fish protein isolate (FPI) efficiently with a yield of 84.13±0.11%. The highest protein yield was recorded at a homogenised sample to water ratio of 1:9. Maximum protein content was found at pH 13 with 19.63 ±0.52% yield. FPI extracted had higher protein content, less ash and low lipid contents compared to the fish processing waste. The mean yield and protein composition of FPI extracted atdifferent treatments of pH and sample to water ratiowere found to be significantly different (p

The Japanese threadfin bream N. japonicus (Bloch) (Perciformes: Nemipteridae) is an important marine food fish in Asia. However, our present knowledge of the occurrence of its nematode parasites is still limited. In the present study, the species composition and infection rate of ascaridoid nematodes in N. japonicus from the South China Sea, were studied for the first time. Five ascaridoid species, namely Anisakis typica (L3), Hysterothylacium amoyense (L3), Hysterothylacium sp. IV-A (L3), adult of H. thalassini and Raphidascaris lophii (L3), were identified using integrative taxonomy. Hysterothylacium amoyense was the most prevalent species (prevalence 47.2%, mean intensity 14.9 ± 17.1). Hysterothylacium thalassini and R. lophii were reported in the Japanese threadfin bream for the first time. Two different genotypes of A. typica (overall prevalence of 3.4%; mean intensity 1.7 ± 0.9) were found in the South China Sea for the first time. The unique restriction polymorphism patterns of three species of Hysterothylacium are provided for rapid diagnosis. Our present results indicate that RFLP analysis of ITS region, using the restriction enzymes HhaI and RsaI, represents a simple and practical method for large-scale surveys of Hysterothylacium for seafood industry.

This study was carried out to detect the parasites affecting Japanese threadfin bream (Nemipterus japonicus). A total of 150 specimens collected from Gulf of Suez- Red Sea in Egypt from November 2016 to April 2017. Specimens were subjected to clinical, postmortem and parasitological examinations for detection of nematode parasites. The clinical examination showed no pathognomic clinical abnormalities on the external body surface except abdominal distension. Postmortem examination revealed excessive mucus secretion and swelling in intestine. Only the endoparasite Hysterothylacium gadi (Muller, 1776) (Nematoda: Anisakidae) was recorded in the intestine and stomach of examined fish. The prevalence rate was 54.7% and the intensity of the infection ranged 1-3 worms per fish. The morphological characteristics of this species were described in details using light and scanning electron microscopy. The results showed that females are larger than males. It is also shown that the cephalic region provided with three hexagonal-shaped lips separated from each other by three prominent interlabium; ventrolateral lips somewhat smaller. Dorsal lip provided on its surface with two double papillae, whereas both ventrolateral lips with one papilla and one small papilla. Interlabila are conical and their base is wider than length (Figs. 1&4). The worm was characterized by a broad lateral alae starting immediately below lips gradually narrowing posterioly and extending as narrow alae along whole body. A groove like structure is seen in the ventral surface of the body (Fig. 9). The tail is conical and tail tips of both sexes provided with numerous conical spines and the male has equal spicules.

The population structure of three Nemipterid species (Nemipterus japonicus, Nemipterus bipunctatus and Nemipterus zysron) from the Gulf of Suez was investigated. A total of 3663 specimens (2597 N. japonicus, 576 N. bipunctatus and 490 N. zysron) were collected during the fishing season 2014/2015 in the Gulf of Suez. The maximum life span estimated from otolith reading was 5 years for N. japonicus and N. bipunctatus while, it was 4 years for N. zysron. The parameters of von Bertalanffy growth equation were L∞ = 31.66 cm, K = 0.24 year−1 and to = −1.2 year for N. japonicus; L∞ = 29.55 cm, K = 0.26 year−1 and to = −1.2 year for N. bipunctatus and were L∞ = 24.69 cm, K = 0.38 year−1 and to = −0.84 year for N. zysron. The estimated exploitation rate for the three species exceeded the optimum exploitation rate, indicating an overexploitation of the nemipterid species in the Gulf of Suez. The yield per recruit analysis revealed that the fishing pressure of the trawling fleet in the Gulf of Suez, has overridden the critical level. Findings suggest that decrease in the fishing effort of trawl fishery and increase the length of the mesh size is required for the protection of the nemipteridae resources in the Gulf. Keywords: Trawl, Age and growth, Nemipterid species, Exploitation rate, Yield per recruit

Spawning potential ratio (SPR) is an important parameter to ensure fish stock reproduction, recruitment, and sustainability. This approach more efficient and effective applied to poor and limited information and data to management. Therefore, we used the SPR approach in small scale fisheries, particularly on Nemipterus japonicus species in Labuan-Sunda Strait area. This research was conducted in the Labuan fish landing port from 2013 until 2019. The length data were collected each year and then analyzed using the basefoot ecologist toolbox application. The result has shown that SPR of N japonicus ranged from 1 to 6%, and it’s relatively low and potentially unsustainable. Fish length spawning at 50 percent (SL50) ranged from 139 mm to 196.29 mm. And then fish length spawning at 95% (SL95) from 160.39 to 243.54 mm). Furthermore, in 2013-2018 monitoring activity SPR relatively low and decrease every year, and first at breeding (50% and 95%) also decrease. It means the gonad maturity and SPR could be used as an indicator of fishing pressure and sustainability.

The antioxidant activities and oxidative stability of palm olein frying oil added with threadfin bream (TFB) hydrolysate and Nanox 189 were studied. The DPPH radical scavenging activities and chelating effects of ferrous ion were evaluated and compared with α-tocopherol. Oxidative stability after 30 frying cycles were analysed for the induction period, free fatty acids (FFA), peroxide values (PV), total polar compounds (TPC), and viscosity. Palm olein without any antioxidant was used as control. Nanox 189 exhibited a higher percentage on the DPPH scavenging effect and ferrous ion chelating effect than TFB hydrolysate. Frying oil added with Nanox 189 recorded the longest induction period, which was up to 11 hr. while TFB hydrolysate added oil showed an induction period of nine hours. Nanox 189 addition in frying oil yielded the lowest FFA and PV, followed by those added with TFB hydrolysate. The highest readings of TPC were recorded for TFB hydrolysate added oil, which is 13%. Throughout the 30 frying cycles, the addition of TFB hydrolysate recorded a lower percentage increase for viscosity than Nanox 189 with 4.7% compared to the latter, which is 9.6%. Even though the antioxidant activities of TFB hydrolysate was lower than that of Nanox 189, the study suggested some antioxidant potential of TFB hydrolysate based on the DPPH radical scavenging activities and chelating effects of the ferrous ion as well as its ability to slightly improve the oxidative stability of palm olein during the 30 frying cycles.

This study aims to determine the occurrence of helminth endoparasites that infect threadfin bream from Fish Auction Place of Mayangan, Probolinggo, East Java, Indonesia. Helminth endoparasite found in the stomach, intestine (mucosa), and threadfin bream’s liver were third-stage larvae of Anisakis simplex type I. The prevalence of Anisakis simplex infected threadfin bream in sizes 10-16 cm was 5.71% and in sizes 17-25 cm was 17.1%. The differences in the prevalence of threadfin bream endoparasites in different sizes did not show a significant difference.

Nemipterus japonicus is one of the fish that caught in Blimbingsari Waters, Banyuwangi. This research aimed to determine the food composition of N. japonicus. Descriptive method was used in this study. Collecting data by survey and observation was taken out on Juli-August 2018. The samples were collected from fisherman at Blimbingsari. Data analysis used Index of Preponderance (IP). The results showed that the main food of the N. japonicus was shrimp (IP 62.55%), the complementary food was crab (IP 26.03%) and squid (IP 5.92%), the supplementary food was brittle star (IP 2.37%) and fish (IP 2.85%). Based on the composition of the food, N. japonicus was a type of carnivorous.

Prosopis cineraria (Ghaf) is not well known as a rich and sustainable source of protein for many people in the world. It emphasis on its broad food and non-food applications, nutritional values and health benefits. This research was carried out to meet the increasing demand of protein, alternative strategies and unconventional sources of protein for human and animal nutrition. This is probably the first research work which provides a comparative study between the protein content of ghaf leaves with different species of fish muscle protein. Fish muscle homogenate was prepared using ice cold distilled water. The muscle homogenate of Euthynnus affinis showed highest protein 137.5 mg/g. The other fishes muscle protein were Carangoides chrysophrys (43.33 mg/g), Lenthrinus lentjan (105 mg/g), Sardinella longiceps (104.17 mg/g), Pomacanthus maculosus (81.67 mg/g), Nemipterus japonicus (111.67 mg/g), Lutjanus ehrenbergi (99.17 mg/g), Gerres oyena (107.5 mg/g), Argyrops spinifer (100.83 mg/g), Terrapin jarboe (82.5 mg/g), Tilapia mossambica (54.72 mg/g). Ghaf tree is a keystone species having multiple beneficial uses from combating desertification and improving soil fertility in arid environments to being an essential food source, as well as a source of fuel, shelter and medicine for both humans and animal species. The Ghaf leaves extracts were tested for protein content analysis. The protein content in Ghaf leaves was found to be 88.61 mg/g. Thus, the research results revealed that Ghaf leaves has almost similar amount of protein as compared to fish muscle protein and can be used as protein supplement for growth and metabolism of body.

A total of 200 threadfin bream Nemipterus japonicus was collected from Chennai in the east coast and Kochi in the west coast during January to February 2013 and studied for their morphometric and meristic characters. In total, 21 characters were analyzed out of which 3 characters namely dorsal, ventral and anal fins were not considered since they were unaltered. The findings indicate that 91% of the total variation in the data can be accounted for by three clusters. Small values of 1-R**2 ratio for the three clusters obtained indicate good clustering. The small values of p (≤0.0001) indicate that there are significant differences in the variables of Chennai and Kochi data which are shown through MANOVA. This might depict that the fish of Chennai and Kochi might be of 2 different stocks. Moreover, the study has also aided in identifying the importance of regular monitoring of stock assessment and the biology of commercially important fishes.

A total number 200 different marine fish species represented as 100 Elsarah (Nemipterus japonicus ) and 100 Mias (Pomatomus saltatrix L.) were collected seasonally from Suez and Ismailia provinces respectively . The infested marine fishes revealed no pathognomonic signs.They were investigated for detection of Isopoda parasites. It was revealed that 50% of the examined marine fishes was infested.The detected species were Irona nanodies from Nemipterus japonicus with a prevalence 60% , and Lironeca ovalis from Pomatomus saltatrix L with a prevalence 40%.The histopathological alterations were recorded and discussed.The secondary bacterial invasion was manifested by the isolation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa where it was experimentally infected into Tilapia zillii and reisolated again.

This research work was directed on the study of the proximate chemical composition to compare the effect of the brining constant concentration and different times on the nutritive value of fish. The proximate composition of treated Chirocentrus nudus (protein, fat, ash and energetic value) for 8% salt and 18 h brining was 61.2%, 15.2%, 23.2% and 381.60 kcal/100g respectively. Fat and ash contents in brined fillets of Nemipterus japonicus and Saurida tumbil were found lower and more than C. nudus respectively. As for the proximate composition of C. nudus, it is clearly observed that all the studied parameters are significantly different in fresh and treated samples. Variations appeared in nutrients was due to the interaction of the salting treatment. It is concluded that fish treated C. nudus was best option.Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. & Tech. 5 (1): 36-39, June, 2015

The reproductive biology of Nemipterus japonicus (Bloch, 1791) along the north-east coast of India was studied during 2012-2015 based on samples from the trawl landings at Digha, Paradeep, Visakhapatnam and Kakinada. Adults dominated the landings. Significant contribution by females was observed in most months of the year. Size at first maturity for females was 15.1 cm. Peak spawning season was during August to February and September to March in the northern and southern regions. Maturity and gonado-somatic index (GSI) were found to correlate well with sea surface temperature (SST). Fecundity increased with length and weight and varied from 13,176 to 1,30,798. Ova diameter distribution indicated the species to be a multiple/batch spawner.

The Japanese threadfin bream, Nemipterus japonicus, the most abundant and crucially economic Nemipterus species is widespread throughout the Indo-West Pacific. The species has been studied widely for various aspects but genetic studies are scanty. This preliminary study contributes to the species phylogeography through the study of the genetic diversity and historical demography of N. japonicus populations from the Persian Gulf and Indo-West Pacific based on cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) gene sequence. Grouping of the data into phylogenetic trees indicated that the Japanese threadfin bream consists of two reciprocally monophyletic phylogroups with 2.3% net sequence divergence which may qualify as cryptic species: clade I, consists of two sub-clades (Ia and Ib) occurs in the Persian Gulf and Western India, and clade II, which is restricted to the South China Sea. Historical and demographic hypotheses were raised to explain the observed phylogeographic pattern and population structure. Among the possible key mechanisms, sea level fluctuations driven by glacial episodes of the second half of the Pleistocene Epoch appear to have played an active role in initiating major phylogeographic separation. Apart from presumptive Pleistocene vicariance, a trend of increasing genetic differences with increasing geographic distance (i.e., isolation-by-distance) and regional differences in breeding season were also proposed as possible alternative scenarios. Since the baseline knowledge on the intraspecific genetic diversity and management and evolutionary significant units is the first step before any action to be taken, the basic findings provided by this research are particularly relevant to conservation efforts, fishery management and stock assessment.

During a survey from November 2012 till October 2013 on a marine fish’s species Nemipterus japonicas, a microcotylid monogenean species Lutianicola haifonensis was recorded for the first time from 42 out of 80 (52.5%) examined fish’s species in Red Sea. Nemipterus japonicas were found to be recorded as a new host for both the monogenea and crustacean parasite species. A copepod crustacean, Hatschekia gracilis also recorded for the first time from 16 out of 80 (20%) of N. japonicas fishes. A brief description for Lutianicola haifonensis and Hatschekia gracilis was presented. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for L. haifonensis is studied.

Background/Objectives: Histopathological screening of a typical polypoidal stomach and associated organs was performed on Nemipterus japonicus off Visakhapatnam coast. Methods: 1832 specimens were collected from Visakhapatnam coast at a depth of 45m-100m within the period January 2011 to December 2013 were examined for documenting lesions in the stomach. Of the total samples about 18% of fish were identified with typical mucosal polyps which were autopsied and tissues of skin, gill, muscle, stomach, intestine, liver, spleen, kidney and gonads of both normal and diseased fish were fixed in 10% buffered formalin for 48 hours and dehydrated in graded alcohols, followed by impregnation in paraffin. The embedded blocks are cut 5 μ thick on a microtome and sections stained with haemotoxylin and eosin, for the examination of pathological changes in the tissues. Findings: These studies revealed macroscopic lesions with a polyp arising from the mucosa of the gastric body leading to herniation of other digestive glands such as liver and pyloric caecum into the lumen of the polypoidal stomach. Histologically, the growth was differentiated as adenomatous polyp with abnormal proliferation of gastric mucosal glands in the stomach with focal erosion and hemorrhage. This evidence suggested chronic gastritis, but the cause of these unusual gastric polyps is unclear. Though earlier microbiological studies revealed the presence of enteric bacteria, with a dominance of Klebsiella pneumoniae, virological investigations failed to confirm any oncoviral particles and even aflatoxin analysis gave negative results. Immunological and karyological studies of N. japonicus with mucosal buccal polyps showed mitodepression. Application/Improvements: This is first histopathological report of this kind in N. japonicus and may help as a model for future studies on gastric polyposis in both human and animals.

Identification of two genera of family nemipteridae, nemipterus and scolopsis in red sea, carried out usually morphologically only but in this study depend on anatomically. For the first time we discovered the presence of an accessory globiform kidney in Nemipterus japonicus . By complete the study on the other species, which obtained in our region from Red sea of family nemiptredae, Nemipterus japonicas , Nemipterus virgatus , Nemipterus zysron and Nemipterus mesoprion . The results indicated that the presence of an accessory globiform kidney in this four species. On the other hand, in Scolopsis ghanam (genus scolopisidsis), this accessory globiform kidney is not present. Therefore, this accessory globiform kidney is specific for genus nemipterus. Besides the above results, there is a new methods used accessory globiform kidney as index to demonstrate spawning season in male of two common species of genus nemipterus N. japonicus and N. virgatus besides other reproductive items, such as gonadosomatic index. This new index called kidnosomatic index (KSI) and used the following equation to calculate (KSI = accessory globiform kidney /gutted weight X 100). The both indices indicated that the spawning season of N. japonicus extend from June to early September but N. virgatus from September to December.

Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is the principal constituent of a variety of cells especially the brain neurons and retinal cells and plays important role in fetal brain development, development of motor skills, and visual acuity in infants, lipid metabolism, and cognitive support and along with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) it plays important role in preventing atherosclerosis, dementia, rheumatoid arthritis, Alzheimer’s disease, and so forth. Being an essential nutrient, it is to be obtained through diet and therefore searching for affordable sources of theseω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is important for consumer guidance and dietary counseling. Fish is an important source of PUFA and has unique advantage that there are many food fish species available and consumers have a wide choice owing to availability and affordability. The Indian subcontinent harbors a rich fish biodiversity which markedly varies in their nutrient composition. Here we report the DHA and EPA content and fatty acid profile of 39 important food fishes (including finfishes, shellfishes, and edible molluscs from both marine water and freshwater) from India. The study showed that fishesTenualosa ilisha,Sardinella longiceps,Nemipterus japonicus, andAnabas testudineusare rich sources of DHA and EPA. Promotion of these species as DHA rich species would enhance their utility in public health nutrition.

Data on 16 Morphometric and Meristic Characters of 489 Nemipterus japonicus were analyzed. The rela- tionship between their length and weight is expressed using the formula W = a.Lb. Observation on minute meristic characters such as Spine Count and Ray Count were obtained for each fish and the observed values were cross verified with details pertaining to fish biology from earlier work as a confirmatory test. It is observed that out of 16 variables the following ten variables namely Snout Length (SL), Pre Pelvic Distance (PPD), Width of Dorsal Fin (WDF), Head Length (HL), Body Depth (BD),Standard Length(STL), Fork Length (FL), Post Dorsal Length(PDL1), Total Length (L), Total Weight(W) had a higher degree of correlation with the total length of the fish in the present study.

Problem statement: Heavy metals constitute one of the most hazardous substances that could be accumulated in biota. Fish populations exploited by man often live in coastal area environments that contain high levels of heavy metals, coming from human activities such as industrial and agricultural wastes. A problem to deal when using fishes as biomonitors of heavy metals is the relationship existing between metal concentration and several intrinsic factors of the fish such as organism size, genetic composition and age of fish. Approach: Concentration of Zn, Cu and Pb were determined in eight commercially valuable fish species, Selaroides leptolepis, Euthynnus affinis, Parastromateus niger, Lutjanius malabaricus, Epinephelus sexfasciatus, Rastrelliger kanagurta, Nemipterus japonicus and Megalaspis cordyla from Pahang coastal water. The concentration was measured by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS). The study focuses on the level of Zn, Cu and Pb in order to assess the environmental pollution by using fishes as an indicator. Results: Concentrations of the heavy metals in examined fish species ranged as follow: Zn 19.27 µg g-1 dry weight; Cu 2.88 µg g-1 dry weight and Pb 0.26 µg g-1 dry weight, respectively. The concentrations of Zn, Cu and Pb were found to follow the order: stomach > muscle > gills. Significant correlations were found between fish weight and heavy metals concentration in the fish organs. Conclusion: The estimated values of all metals in muscles of fish in this study were below the established values. Therefore, it can be concluded that the fish from Pahang coastal water are comparatively clean and do not constitute a risk for human health.