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Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El estrés por salinidad es uno de los problemas ambientales con mayor impacto en la agricultura, ya que provoca cambios morfológicos, fisiológicos y genéticos en las plantas. Considerando el gran impacto de la salinidad, se buscan alternativas para mitigar el estrés en las plantas, en especial por cloruro de sodio (NaCl). Los productos a base de silicio (Si) tienen la capacidad de mejorar el crecimiento y desarrollo de las plantas, al estar expuestas en condiciones salinas. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la interacción NaCl-Si en la emergencia de plántulas de tres variedades de tomate. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar con arreglo factorial de 32, donde el factor A fueron las concentraciones de cloruro de sodio (0 mM, 25 mM, 50 mM) y el factor B, las diluciones de Si (0 mM, 1 mM, 2 mM). Los resultados indican que las variedades de tomate fueron impactadas de diferente manera por la interacción NaCl-Si. En condiciones no salinas (0 mM de NaCl) el Si incrementó el crecimiento de tomate cherry y saladette, mientras que en condiciones de salinidad moderada (25 mM de NaCl) sólo el tomate saladette fue beneficiado.

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Avances is the property of Instituto de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agronomía Colombiana is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Avances is the property of Instituto de Informacion Cientifica y Tecnologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of GeSec: Revista de Gestao e Secretariado is the property of Sindicato das Secretarias e Secretarios do Estado de Sao Paulo (SINSESP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study characterized the agrochemical properties of V. labrusca grape pomace (GP) and evaluated the effect on the rhizobacteria Azospirillum brasiliense and horticultural crops, determining safety as fertilizer and/or mulching. Two first bioassays were performed with the GP at different concentrations evaluating toxicity on A. brasiliense, and on tomato and lettuce seeds. A third bioassay evaluated GP mulching effects on tomato and lettuce plants growing with amounts varying between 20 and 80 t ha-1. Agrochemical characterization showed that GP is rich in potassium and phosphorus, with a low content of Na+ salts (SAR < 15). The GP at 2.5% (w v-1) significantly increased survival rates of N2-fixing rhizobacteria. Results on seed germination revealed lettuce was more susceptible to increasing GP concentrations. The application of 20 t ha-1 of GP in greenhouse experiments increased lettuce and tomato root biomass. Furthermore, the aerial part of tomato showed no toxicity symptoms. These results open the possibility of considering V. labrusca GP as mulching without prior treatment in tomato crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agronomía Colombiana is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciências Agrárias is the property of Sociedade de Ciencias Agrarias de Portugal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agronomía & Ambiente is the property of Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of BIOAGRO is the property of Revista BIOAGRO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Botrytis cinerea, responsible for the gray mold disease of tomato, is one of the main problems in fruit exporting countries. Synthetic antifungals are used for their control. However, these products lead to serious damage to environment ant human. Furthermore, it has developed a resistance towards many of them. Therefore, the use of botanical biopesticides as natural alternatives that are friendly to the environment has increased in the last decade. The objective of the present study is the evaluation of the antifungal activity of extracts of four plants, Marrubium vulgare, Moringa oleifera, Psidium guajava and Casimiroa edulis against B. cinerea and the phytochemical characterization of these extracts. The extraction was carried out by maceration, decoction, and ultrasonic-assisted extraction. The high extraction yields of 18.91%, 31.05%, 33.01% and 24.67% were obtained respectively with maceration for M. vulgare, M. oleifera, P. guajava and C. edulis. Qualitative phytochemical tests revealed the presence of terpenoids in all extracts, while saponosides were present only in a few extracts. The highest contents of polyphenols were noted for P. guajava and C. edulis. Also, the highest flavonoid content was noted for C. edulis and M. oleifera. The evaluation of the activity of the studied extracts against the mycelial growth and the germination of the spores of B. cinerea showed that the extracts obtained by maceration and by ultrasonic-assisted extraction of P. guajava and C. edulis are the most efficient against the mycelial growth with an inhibition percentage of 100% for all the tested concentrations. Similarly, the maceration extract of M. vulgare allowed the total inhibition of the germination of the pathogen spores. Finally, the extracts of M. oleifera were the least effective against B. cinerea.

Los brotes de enfermedades en cultivos de zarzamora (Rubus subgénero Eubatus) en Los Reyes, Michoacán, México, ocasionan pérdidas en la producción. Las condiciones edafoclimáticas, prácticas agrícolas inadecuadas y el cambio climático han favorecido la pudrición de la raíz (Fusarium spp.), dejando de cultivarlas con pérdidas equivalentes a los 2 540 millones de pesos anuales (125 millones de dólares). El objetivo de este trabajo fue analizar numéricamente la viabilidad térmica para cultivar tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) hidropónico en invernadero como alternativa agrícola. Se usaron bases de datos climatológicas y dinámica de fluidos computacional (CFD) para alimentar modelos numéricos y analizar el ambiente de dos invernaderos cenitales típicos de Mexico. Los modelos numéricos se evaluaron mediante un análisis ANOVA de un factor con p £ 0.5. Resultados muestran que la temperatura en el invernadero se mantiene entre el umbral máximo y mínimo para el cultivo de tomate (de 10 a 30 °C). Para acumular 1 398.5 grados días calor (GDC) recomendados por ciclo, en esa región resulta factible almacenar calor para cultivar tres ciclos cortos de tomate. Se identifican periodos críticos debido a las altas temperaturas en los meses de marzo a junio, durante los cuales se requiere ventilación natural con ventanas frontales, cenitales y laterales, para mejorar la tasa de renovación de aire cuando existe un cambio en la dirección del viento predominante.

Copyright of Recursos Rurais is the property of Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

En México, el desperdicio de tomates puede relacionarse con la deficiencia en la cadena de transporte y almacenaje, bajos estándares de calidad del producto, deficiencias en la exhibición del producto y fallas en la coordinación con proveedores. Estos factores contribuyen al desperdicio de tomate para su consumo por no cumplir con los estándares impuestos por los mercados de alimentos y el consumidor final. No obstante, los desperdicios de tomate pueden ser revalorizados y ser una fuente de fitoquímicos con relevancia nutrimental. El objetivo del presente estudio fue identificar el efecto de la temperatura de secado de frutos de tomate considerados de desperdicio evaluando su capacidad antioxidante, compuestos fenólicos, carotenoides, azúcares reductores, proteínas, humedad y cenizas. Se realizaron tres tratamientos para medir el efecto del secado a 24, 48 y 72 horas a tres temperaturas diferentes 50, 60 y 70 °C en las muestras de frutos de tomate colectadas. Los resultados mostraron que el tratamiento de secado a 50 °C por 72 horas arrojo los mayores valores de proteínas (45,3 g/kg) y azúcares reductores (196 mg/g). Por su parte el tratamiento de 70 °C mostró incrementos en compuestos fenólicos (48,12 mg/g), licopeno (2503 µg/g) y β-caroteno (31,84 µg/g) a las 24 horas de secado. Estos resultados indicaron que al exponer la biomasa de tomate a una temperatura de 70 °C por 24 horas correspondiente al Tratamiento (T4 - 1), se produjo una mayor biosíntesis de compuestos bioactivos que podrían ser empleados en la formulación de nuevos productos alimenticios, por ejemplo, en la elaboración de tortillas.

Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pesticides increase agricultural productivity worldwide. Unfortunately, these pesticides put public health and the environment at risk. This study aimed to document the presence of pests and diseases in tomato crops, the range of pesticides used, and acute pesticide poisoning symptoms (APP) among producers from various municipalities in the State of Oaxaca, Mexico. Surveys were applied from 2019 to 2021. The information was examined through a descriptive analysis. The Mann-Whitney U test and Spearman's Rho correlation established differences between groups and associations. The main pests were the white fly, various worms, blight, mildew, and weeds. Fifty-five active ingredients (AI) were identified, predominantly Toxicological Category (TC) IV, such as insecticides and fungicides, as well as TC III herbicides. Factors associated with a greater diversity of AI were <10 years in agricultural activity, high presence of pests and diseases, and surfaces >1 ha. Up to six APP symptoms occurred in 60.6% of the producers, and 58.2% of the AI identified are considered hazardous pesticides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Investigaciones Agroindustriales is the property of Revista Colombiana de Investigaciones Agroindustriales del Centro Agropecuario Sena Buga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se evaluó el recubrimiento del tomate con goma de sapote en porcentajes de 0,0; 0,5; 1,0; 2,5 (w/v) durante el almacenamiento al ambiente (20 °C; 85% HR) y en refrigeración (15 °C; 90% HR). Los tratamientos con cobertura al ambiente presentaron menores perdidas de peso que el testigo (0,0%); en refrigeración, los tratamientos con 0,5% y testigo mostraron menor pérdida. La tasa de respiración al ambiente y en refrigeración mostró tendencias parecidas. Hubo incremento no significativo de sólidos solubles al ambiente; en refrigeración el testigo presentó ligero descenso y los tratamientos con cobertura un leve incremento. El pH, en todos los tratamientos se incrementó levemente. Se produjo un ligero descenso en la acidez en todos los tratamientos. La firmeza decreció en 46% - 55% al ambiente y en 65% - 69% en refrigeración; no se registró diferencias significativas respecto al testigo. Los parámetros de color (L*, h°, C*) disminuyeron significativamente en la primera semana; después, la disminución fue leve. El recuento de mohos y levaduras estuvo por debajo de los límites máximos. Sensorialmente, la aceptación fue similar en todos los tratamientos. En conclusión, las características fisicoquímicas y microbiológicas y la aceptabilidad del tomate recubierto con goma no evidenciaron diferencias significativas con respecto al testigo.

ABSTRACTThis study aims to evaluate the phytonutrient composition, antioxidant activity and nutraceutical potential of peels and seeds of two tomato cultivars. Levels of phytonutrients such as phenolic compounds, carotenoids, chlorophyll, salicylic acid and vitamin C were assessed. Potential in vitro antioxidant activities were evaluated. Tomato has quite interesting levels of phenolic compounds such as total phenols and flavonoids, whose contents varied from 78.41 ± 1.52 to 272.17 ± 53 mg GAE/100 g DM and 13.35 to 139.89 mg QE/100 g DM, respectively. They also contained chlorophyll, which was concentrated in the peels (39 to 78 mg/100 g DM). β-carotene and lycopene contents ranged from 4.63 to 105 mg/100 g DM and 7.51 to 32.45 mg/100 g DM, respectively. Vitamin C level was high in peels with an average content of 27.82 mg/100 g DM. Tomato by-products showed high antioxidant activity with 61% DPPH inhibition and 108.55 to 120.86 µg EAA/g with FRAP method. With this richness in phytonutrients and their strong antioxidant power, tomato by-products have important nutraceutical potentials to be valorized with in vivo experiments.

Eight Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme accessions from Mexico were evaluated for total phenolics (TP) and flavonoids (TF), phenolic profiles (UPLC-DAD-MS), antioxidant capacity (AC) (ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP), and expression of transcription factors (MYB12 and MYB14) and target genes (PAL, CHS and CHI) by RT-qPCR. The AC (mmol TE/kg fw; TE, Trolox Equivalents) by ABTS (5.27–11.81), DPPH (1.43–3.67), and FRAP (4.41–9.22) correlated with TP (0.53–1.20 g GAE/kg fw; GAE, Gallic Acid Equivalents), TF (1.03–2.10 g QE/kg; QE, Quercetin Equivalents), and the levels of chlorogenic and dicaffeoylquinic acids and rutin. The expression of MYB12 and MYB14 correlated with that of PAL and CHS, while CHI was only associated with MYB12. The accessions Tumbisca and Kilim showed the highest gene expression, phenolics content, and AC, suggesting they can be used in breeding programs to produce tomatoes with better AC.

Copyright of Gesunde Pflanzen is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gesunde Pflanzen is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Au Togo, la culture de la tomate est l’une des cultures prioritaires du Programme national d’investissement agricole, de sécurité alimentaire et nutritionnelle (PNIASAN, 2017–2026). Avec une croissance annuelle moyenne de 15 %, cette production repose sur des milliers de ménages ruraux. 80 % de la tomate produite dans la Région des Savanes est exportée vers le Grand Lomé. Le confinement de cette région du fait de la COVID-19 a coïncidé avec la période de récolte massive de la tomate. Cette recherche vise à déterminer les effets des mesures de confinement sur cette filière. Des enquêtes ont été menées auprès de 152 acteurs choisis de façon volontaire dans la Région des Savanes et dans le Grand Lomé. L’article montre d’une part, que la COVID-19, par le biais de la limitation des déplacements, a sédentarisé une main-d’œuvre supplémentaire au profit de la production maraîchère, ce qui a entraîné une augmentation des surfaces en tomate et donc de la production. D’autre part, les difficultés des producteurs dues à la mévente de leur production de tomate et au pourrissement d’une partie de la récolte, ont entraîné une baisse notable du chiffre d’affaire des maraîchers. Mais ces difficultés, observées durant la crise sanitaire, ont des causes qui existaient antérieurement comme la faiblesse de l’organisation des producteurs et des maillons aval de la filière ainsi que la faible confiance entre ces différents acteurs. La pénurie de ce légume qui s’est installée dans le Grand Lomé a ainsi révélé l’existence des contraintes structurelles exacerbées par la crise de la COVID-19, mais qui lui préexistaient. L’émergence de nouvelles politiques publiques, plus inclusives et touchant tous les acteurs des filières, apparaît donc indispensable au bon fonctionnement des systèmes alimentaires au Togo.

Objetivo: definir a ação do licopeno sob CT, HDL, LDL e TG e analisar quais dosagens suficientes que apresentam efeito positivo nos marcadores metabólicos. Metodologia: A investigação foi baseada no efeito dos produtos contendo licopeno e seu efeito nos marcadores metabólicos séricos de Colesterol total, LDL, HDL e Triglicerídeos. Para análise de estudos in vivo foram incluídos estudos que preenchiam critérios de intervenção com delineamento controlado, dieta ou manipulado controlado por placebo cruzado ou paralelo, ensaio clínico randomizado com dosagem padronizada de licopeno no tratamento e grupo controle e intervenção 2≤ semanas que avaliaram colesterol total, HDL, LDL e triglicerídeos. Resultados: Foi visto que o licopeno apresenta importante atuação sobre marcadores metabólicos isto devido a sua capacidade de reduzir o mecanismo de HMG-Coa redutase, diminuindo a síntese de colesterol e sua capacidade antioxidante sob LDL. O licopeno também modulou a atividade de PPAR e LXR, modulando ação de ABCA1, Apoa1 e caveolinas melhorando a síntese de HDL e efluxo de colesterol. As dosagens com efeito positivo de colesterol variam, mas ficam em torno de 26,5 mg de licopeno por dia, relatado em estudos in vivo com suplementação de colesterol. Conclusão: A revisão sugere a eficácia do licopeno na redução de marcadores metabólicos, reduzindo assim riscos de doenças ateroscleróticas.

The objective of the work was to evaluate the combined effect of five biochars and Trichoderma asperellum Samuels, Lieckfeldt & Nirenberg, on stimulation of tomato seedlings and their action on Meloidogyne incognita (Kofoid and White) Chitwood under semi-controlled conditions. The biochars were produced using Kon-Tiki technology. The substrates, containing: red ferralitic soil: organic fertilizer (cow manure): biochar at a 2:1:1 (w/w/w) ratio, were prepared independently. For the trial, 60-cell rooting ball trays, with 65 g of substrate each, were used. At sowing, the biochars were inoculated with a suspension of T. asperellum (Ta.13) (1x107 conidia.ml-1) at a rate of 5 ml per cell. Uninoculated controls were included for each biochar. The trays were randomly distributed. After 30 days, the following parameters were evaluated: length of plant aerial part and root, number of leaves, stem diameter, fresh weight of aerial part and root; the presence of Trichoderma in soil and root was also examined. For the study under semi-controlled conditions, five seedlings were transplanted with selected biochar+Trichoderma), and the corresponding controls, into pots containing five kg of sterile substrate (soil: cow manure, 1:1 w/w) previously inoculated with 500 juveniles (J2) from a pure population of M. incognita and left for 60 days. Finally, the above mentioned parameters and the galling index were evaluated. The mixture of rice biochar and Trichoderma was an optimal substrate with positive effects on the agronomic parameters of tomato seedlings. Compared with the control, it showed a significant reduction of the galling index in pots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La moisissure grise causée par Botrytis cinerea provoque des dégâts sur plus de 200 espèces de cultures dans le monde. B. cinerea sporule pour former une pourriture grise sur les feuilles, les tiges et les fruits. Pour lutter contre B. cinerea, des fongicides synthétiques sont utilisés. Ces derniers mettent en danger la santé humaine et environnementale en plus de la résistance qu'ils peuvent occasionner chez les souches de B. cinerea. Les alternatives écologiques sont des solutions appropriées pour contrôler la moisissure grise tout en maintenant l’équilibre environnemental. L’objectif de cette étude est d'évaluer l’effet des isolats de Pseudomonas issus de la rhizosphère de la tomate sur B. cinerea. Les résultats ont montré que les 76 isolats testés inhibent le développement de B. cinerea in vitro. Cinq isolats de Pseudomonas (Q6B, Q13B, Q7B, Q14B et Q1B) ont provoqué des niveaux d'inhibition significatifs allant de 65 à 73%. Par ailleurs, ces isolats ont également inhibé B. cinerea sur les feuilles et le fruit de la tomate. Pour tenter d'élucider les mécanismes d'action, les cinq isolats ont montré une production des métabolites antifongiques tels que les sidérophores, le cyanure d'hydrogène et d’autres enzymes. Les résultats de cette étude ont montré que les isolats de Pseudomonas Q6B, Q13B, Q7B, Q14B et Q1B ont une forte efficacité dans la lutte biologique contre B. cinerea et peuvent être utilisés pour une lutte écologique durable.

En la actualidad, la tendencia para el consumo de alimentos mínimamente procesados como hortalizas y frutas de iv gama crece conforme los cambios en los hábitos de consumo. Los métodos de conservación favorecen la inocuidad y calidad de los alimentos, así como la preservación de sus propiedades nutricionales y sensoriales. En este sentido, se plantea la evaluación de métodos combinados de conservación para observar su efecto en hortalizas de iv gama: lechuga crespa, tomate cherri y zanahoria. Los métodos combinados evaluados en este estudio son tipo de corte, variación de la concentración de ácido ascórbico (150 y 500 ppm) y empaque al vacío (0,5 atm). Los resultados, en muestras mantenidas a 4 °C, tienen un incremento en el tiempo de vida útil entre un 19% y un 70%. Los mejores tratamientos fueron: lechuga crespa con aplicación de ácido ascórbico (250 ppm), corte en tiras; tomate cherri enteros sin pedúnculo con ácido cítrico (500 ppm), y zanahoria en tiras, con ácido ascórbico (150 ppm) . Como conclusión el uso de técnicas combinadas es una alternativa efectiva para mejorar la conservación de hortalizas.

Introducción. El tomate (Solanum lycopersicum L.) es la hortaliza que más se siembra en Costa Rica. Es un cultivo intensivo, anual y desarrollado por pequeños y medianos productores. Entre los problemas fitosanitarios que afectan el cultivo se encuentran las bacterias. Como parte del manejo integrado es común el uso de bactericidas y antibióticos. Objetivo. Realizar un diagnóstico sobre el uso de productos antibióticos u otros agroquímicos para el control de problemas bacterianos en el cultivo de tomate. Materiales y métodos. Se recopiló y ordenó información sobre el uso de antibióticos en tomate. Para esa labor se contó con la colaboración de funcionarios de las agencias de extensión del Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganadería y organizaciones de productores de tomate. Se registró información aportada por 39 pequeños y medianos productores en diferentes regiones: 15 agricultores de Pacífico Central, 10 agricultores de Central Sur, 6 agricultores de Brunca, 4 agricultores de Chorotega, 3 agricultores de Central Occidental y un agricultor de Huetar Norte. Resultados. La mayoría produce el tomate en campo abierto, utiliza semi techos plásticos o invernaderos. Un 79,5% reportó problemas ocasionados por bacterias y de estos el 71,8% utiliza antibióticos, bactericidas o agroquímicos para su control. Un total de 14 productos fueron reportados por los agricultores para control de enfermedades bacterianas. No se reportaron lineamientos específicos en el manejo de residuos. Se evidenciaron problemas fitopatológicos en el cultivo del tomate, en su mayoría causados por bacterias, que son comunes, difíciles de erradicar y tienen una alta incidencia en las plantaciones, además de que producen pérdidas y disminución en la productividad. Conclusiones. Es necesario realizar otras investigaciones para continuar con más análisis referentes a los efectos que tiene la aplicación de antibióticos, complementariamente con el desarrollo de alternativas que conlleven a la reducción del uso de antibióticos en tomate acompañado del manejo responsable y efectivo de los mismos.

In this study, we validated a solar collector for disinfest soil infested by Meloidogyne enterolobii for tomato seedlings production in semiarid conditions. An experiment using a randomized block design was conducted with six exposure times of the sieved substrate in the solar collector of zinc tubes. The treatments consisted of 0 (control), 6, 12, 24, 30 and 36 hours of exposure, with five replicates. After 12 hours of soil exposure in the solar collector, no galls were observed in the tomato roots, neither were eggs and second stage juveniles of M. enterolobii were observed in the soil. Based in the results obtained in this study, the solar collector was efficient in the disinfest of soil infested by M. enterolobii aiming production of tomato seedlings in semiarid conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gesunde Pflanzen is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Consumers began to complain about the taste of tomato varieties in the late 1990's. Although tomato taste is influenced by environmental and post-harvest conditions, varieties show a large diversity for fruit quality traits. We herein review our past and present research work intended to improve tomato fruit quality. First, results from sensory analysis allowed identifying important traits for consumer preferences. Then, we dissected the genetic control of flavor related traits by mapping several QTL in the last 20 years, and identified the genes corresponding to a few major QTL. Since the availability of the tomato genome sequence, genome-wide association studies were performed on several panels of tomato accessions. We discovered a large number of associations for fruit composition and identified relevant allele combinations for breeding. We then performed a meta-analysis combining the results of several studies. We also checked the inheritance of quality traits at the hybrid level and assessed how genomic prediction could help selecting better tomato varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La presencia de organismos que afectan los cultivos en La Colonia Integral de Abastecimiento Urbano 20 deAbril Darío Santillán, ubicada en el partido de Luján de la Provincia de Buenos Aires (República Argentina), que se hallaintegrada a la Unión de Trabajadores de la Tierra (UTT), nos llevó a proponer a las familias productoras que la integranla búsqueda de un bioinsumo que pudiera ser empleado en la resolución de los problemas productivos que identificaron.Luego de la realización de talleres en aula y campo se eligió elaborar y evaluar un bioinsumo producido a partir de unaespecie vegetal, Arctium lappa, conocida vulgarmente como "bardana", "cachorrea", "cadillo" o "lampazo" que crece demanera abundante en las 80 hectáreas que posee la Colonia. El bioinsumo elaborado fue el purín de bardana y se aplicóen cultivos de Solanum lycopersicum y Allium porrum observándose efectos favorables en su crecimiento y desarrollo segúnla percepción de los propios productores.

Los extractos vegetales constituyen una alternativa promisoria en el manejo de plagas, pero con frecuencia se subestima su influencia sobre el crecimiento de las plantas. En la presente investigación se determinó el efecto alelopático de extractos acuosos de Azadirachta indica A. Juss. (nim) sobre semillas certificadas de Solanum lycopersicum L. cv. Pingüino (tomate), en condiciones de laboratorio. Los extractos se prepararon al 5 % m/v empleando por separado hojas y semillas y por dilución, las concentraciones utilizadas en el ensayo fueron: 0,0 % (control), 0,5 %, 1,0 %, 1,5 % y 2,0 % v/v. La siembra de semillas se realizó en placas de Petri sobre papel de filtro, distribuidas en un diseño completamente al azar con arreglo factorial y cuatro réplicas por concentración. Los resultados mostraron un estímulo en la germinación con extracto acuoso de semillas de A. indica al 0,5 % y una reducción con el extracto de hoja al 2,0 %. La longitud del hipocótilo aumentó en todas las concentraciones respecto al control y la longitud de la radícula disminuyó con el incremento de la concentración de los extractos, alcanzando una reducción superior al 20 % respecto al control. La masa fresca total de las plántulas no arrojó diferencias entre las concentraciones de los extractos y el control, y se concluyó que existe un efecto alelopático diferenciado de A. indica en la germinación de S. lycopersicum que podría aprovecharse en el contexto de una agricultura sostenible, aunque se sugiere la evaluación de los extractos en especies de arvenses.

Studies on systems with multiple predatory species have shown that species interactions may not be predictable and are largely dependent on individual behavioral traits, species density, and habitat complexity. The interactions of the mirid predators Macrolophus basicornis (Stal) and Engytatus varians (Distant) (both Hemiptera: Miridae) with the pest Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) were examined, and the positive or negative effects of their combined use were estimated by a multiplicative risk model (MRM). The efficacy of single and mixed mirid species against eggs and larvae of the pest was estimated through 24-hours predation rates under laboratory conditions. Both mirid species preferred eggs and first instar larvae of T. absoluta. Their combined use was positive when their feeding was on these stages of the pest, but negative when it was on second instar larvae. Our results, based on predation rates, showed that M. basicornis had a higher predatory capacity than E. varians on first instar larvae of T. absoluta, but both mirids were good candidates as biocontrol agents against T. absoluta on tomato. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tomato is a source of bioactive compounds, antimicrobials, and antioxidants. Tomato leaf preparations have been empirically used for anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antibiotic, and antiseptic purposes. However, research on the potential activity of tomato leaf extracts against oral microorganisms and in managing oropharyngeal infections is scarce. Objective: To investigate tomato leaf ethanolic extract's antioxidant and growth inhibitory capacity against common oral pathogenic microorganisms, namely, Streptococcus mutans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Candida albicans. Methods: Ethanolic extracts were made from 'Chonto' tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum) leaves. The antimicrobial activity was measured with the microdilution technique using vancomycin and fluconazole as positive controls. The antioxidant capacity was measured with the ORAC assay using Trolox as a positive control. Results: We found a high percentage of growth inhibition (≥100%) against S. mutans and P. gingivalis at a concentration of 500 mg/L. However, the extract was ineffective in inhibiting the growth of C. albicans. Finally, we observed that the extract exerted a high antioxidant capacity (126%) compared to the positive control. Conclusions: This study provides new insights into the potential antimicrobial effect of tomato leaf extracts on common oral pathogenic bacteria, which may ultimately result in the development of new herbal products that might help prevent and treat oral infections, such as dental caries and periodontal disease. Our findings also support previous studies on the high antioxidant capacity of tomato leaf extracts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agroindustrial Science is the property of Agroindustrial Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gesunde Pflanzen is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria is the property of Agrosavia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The mixture of oligogalacturonides (Ogal) allows the formation of bonds with heavy metals and modifies the distribution of Cu, Cd and Fe metal cations in the soil, as well as attenuating the toxic effects on tomato seedlings, due to its high proportion of ionizable acid functional groups. Oligogalacturonides are constituted by a linear chain of galacturonic acid molecules linked by a-1-4 bonds. They are considered to be plant biostimulants. In the present work, the effect of an Ogal mixture on tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) plants was determined, which confirmed that they can be used to grow this and probably other species in soils with elevated levels of these metal cations. The application of the Ogal mixture in different forms and combinations modified the bioavailability of these cations in a contaminated soil, favoring the phytoextraction process by tomato plants. Additionally, biomass production was stimulated without the plants showing visual symptoms of phytotoxicity. The results of this work offer an alternative for the use of the Ogal mixture in other hyperaccumulator crops to phytoremediate soils contaminated with heavy metal cations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Donde corresponda el clima y las condiciones del suelo, el cultivo de tomates, de cultivo seco puede ser una buena opción para los productores de cultivos especializados. La agricultura en seco genera un cultivo de sabor intenso muy apresiado por los consumidores y los minoristas. Esta guía describe los pasos envolucrados en el cultivo orgánico de tomates de cultivo seco en la costa central de California, con un enfoque en la preparación adecuada del suelo, la siembra y el control de malezas.

Ironie du sort : la recherche sur le lynchage à la tomate est encore aujourd’hui dominée par un texte parodique de Georges Perec. L’article Cantatrix sopranica L. s’intéresse au contrecoup lyrique du lancer de tomate sur la chanteuse. Sous prétexte de thématiser l’effet d’un bide musical, Perec met en scène les conditions de possibilité d’une foirade scientifique. Pour parodique qu’elle se donne, cette étude n’en reste pas moins typique des codes de scientificité d’une époque. Si nous ne nous développons pas tous les facteurs discriminants – plus ou moins nonparodiés – de la supposée recherche, nous nous concentrons principalement sur le réductionnisme essentialiste qui porte Perec, face à « la » cantatrice, à évoquer « la » tomate, sans cure pour le pluralisme de ses états culinaires (crue, cuite, mijotée, condensée, farcie, gratinée…), la variété de ses espèces, les modes de culture, les couleurs, etc. La musicologie d’aujourd’hui ne peut-elle se saisir de ce hors-jeu pour repenser ses pratiques épistémologiques, ses manières de hurler ses échecs, relancer et mettre en vocalise ses propres impasses ?

O feijão e o tomate são culturas de grande relevância no Brasil, e particularmente no estado do Paraná. A mancha angular do feijão e a septoriose do tomate são doenças importantes nestas culturas. Os cultivos de base agroecológica estão ganhando relevância em diferentes partes do mundo, e vêm sendo estimulados no estado do Paraná. A ciência homeopática tem sido divulgada como uma ferramenta para este tipo de agricultura. Os bioterápicos são produzidos segundo a farmacotécnica homeopática, mas não seguem os mesmos princípios de cura da homeopatia. Neste trabalho avaliou-se o controle da mancha angular do feijão e da septoriose do tomate através de dois bioterápicos, denominados Pse02 (Pseudocercospora griseola 02) e Sep01 (Septoria lycopersici 01), produzidos respectivamente com o patógeno do feijão e com folhas doentes de tomate. Foram conduzidos dois experimentos com cada bioterápico em delineamento inteiramente casualizado em casa de vegetação. As dinamizações 0DH, 12DH, 19DH, 20DH, 21DH, 24DH, 30DH do bioterápico Pse02 e as dinamizações 0CH, 9CH, 12CH, 15CH, 17CH, 19CH do bioterápico Sep01 foram pulverizadas na parte aérea e irrigadas no solo em quatro datas diferentes. Em apenas um experimento de cada bioterápico houve efeito significativo de uma dinamização em relação ao controle. Os bioterápicos Pse02 na dinamização 19DH, e Sep01 na dinamização 15CH promoveram redução significativa no tamanho da lesão de mancha angular bem como na severidade e número de lesões de septoriose do tomate em relação ao controle, respectivamente.