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Current evidence suggests that dating app users experience greater body dissatisfaction than nonusers. However, these were mostly based on studies of sexual minority men (SMM) or studies that did not consider the effects of sexual orientation. In this study, we reexamined the association between dating app use and male body image using two culturally diverse samples, taking into account the potential confounding or moderating effect of sexual orientation. Male participants from Singapore (n = 201; 71 users) and Sweden (n = 279; 108 users) completed an online survey on dating app use and measures of body image disturbance and dissatisfaction. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that while dating app use indeed predicted overall dissatisfaction and muscularity dissatisfaction in the Singaporean sample, and body image disturbance, overall dissatisfaction, and height dissatisfaction in the Swedish sample, this ceased to be the case after we controlled for sexual orientation, except for height dissatisfaction in the Swedish sample. A moderation effect was also found in the Swedish sample: while SMM users had greater muscularity dissatisfaction than nonusers, this difference was not seen for heterosexual men. This study highlights the importance of considering both sexual orientation and cultural differences in the relationship between dating app use and body image. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recovery and re-calibration of a dataset of vertical aerosol extinction profiles of the 1963/64 stratospheric aerosol layer measured by a searchlight at 32° N in New Mexico, US, is reported. The recovered dataset consists of 105 aerosol extinction profiles at 550 nm that cover the period from December 1963 to December 1964. It is a unique record of the portion of the aerosol cloud from the March 1963 Agung volcanic eruption that was transported into the Northern Hemisphere subtropics. The data-recovery methodology involved re-digitizing the 105 original aerosol extinction profiles from individual Figures within a research report, followed by the re-calibration. It involves inverting the original equation used to compute the aerosol extinction profile to retrieve the corresponding normalized detector response profile. The re-calibration of the original aerosol extinction profiles used Rayleigh extinction profiles calculated from local soundings. Rayleigh and aerosol slant transmission corrections are applied using the MODTRAN code in transmission mode. Also, a best-estimate aerosol phase function was calculated from observations and applied to the entire column. The tropospheric aerosol phase function from an AERONET station in the vicinity of the searchlight location was applied between 2.76 to 11.7 km. The stratospheric phase function, applied for a 12.2 to 35.2 km altitude range, is calculated from particle-size distributions measured by a high-altitude aircraft in the vicinity of the searchlight in early 1964. The original error estimate was updated considering unaccounted errors. Both the re-calibrated aerosol extinction profiles and the re-calibrated stratospheric aerosol optical depth magnitudes showed higher magnitudes than the original aerosol extinction profiles and the original stratospheric aerosol optical depth, respectively. However, the magnitudes of the re-calibrated variables show a reasonable agreement with other contemporary observations. The re-calibrated stratospheric aerosol optical depth demonstrated its consistency with the tropics-to-pole decreasing trend, associated with the major volcanic eruption stratospheric aerosol pattern when compared to the time-coincident stratospheric aerosol optical depth lidar observations at Lexington at 42° N. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seasonal influenza virus A/H3N2 is a major cause of death globally. Vaccination remains the most effective preventative. Rapid mutation of hemagglutinin allows viruses to escape adaptive immunity. This antigenic drift necessitates regular vaccine updates. Effective vaccine strains need to represent H3N2 populations circulating one year after strain selection. Experts select strains based on experimental measurements of antigenic drift and predictions made by models from hemagglutinin sequences. We developed a novel influenza forecasting framework that integrates phenotypic measures of antigenic drift and functional constraint with previously published sequence-only fitness estimates. Forecasts informed by phenotypic measures of antigenic drift consistently outperformed previous sequence-only estimates, while sequence-only estimates of functional constraint surpassed more comprehensive experimentally-informed estimates. Importantly, the best models integrated estimates of both functional constraint and either antigenic drift phenotypes or recent population growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a slightly polished version of an extended version of a talk given by the author at a Symposium in Oxford to celebrate the 200th birthday of Ada Lovelace in December 2015. It starts with a few words about Byron and his Bear at Cambridge. This is followed by some remarks about Babbage who also went to Cambridge and was involved in an important event involving Brunel and Safety on the Railways. The main topic is a look at the events that led to the new programming language devised to satisfy the needs of the US Department of Defense and which was named Ada in recognition of the fact that Ada Lovelace was the world's first programmer. The polishing is in celebration of 40 years of the Ada User Journal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to explore the motivational factors of triathletes in order to better understand the specific motives that drive participate. The study looked specifically at participants in sprint triathlons, the shortest of the three main triathlon competitions. The researchers utilized a modified version of the Motives of Marathoners Scale (MOMS) (Masters et ah, 1993), The new instrument, the Motives of Triathletes Scale (MOTS), was piloted used to assess the motivation for triathlon involvement. Participants (w=164) were from three sprint triathlons in Florida and Texas. Separate factorial ANOVAs were employed to discover motivational differences based on various demographic variables. Results indicated significant differences in motives based on gender, age, competitive orientation, and levels of experience. In addition, an interaction between age and gender indicated that females in their 40s had greater Self-esteem motives than males in their 40s. Potential future research directions are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have created an up-to-date catalogue of 214 brown dwarfs (BDs) in binaries with P < 104 d. This allows us to examine the population statistics of the BD desert. We searched Gaia third data release (DR3) non-single star (NSS) results for orbital inclinations of BD candidates, deriving 12 new masses. Three remain as desert BDs whereas nine candidates are found to be low-mass stars. We improved the radial velocity (RV) solutions for three previously studied BD candidates. A further 19 BD masses with periods less than ∼1200 d were identified in the DR3 binary_masses data base. We confirm a valley in the mass distribution with a minimum around 30–35 Mjup, and find that periods <100 d are still underpopulated in comparison with longer periods. The updated mass and eccentricity distribution of BDs still shows a marginally statistically significant split into high- and low-mass BD populations. This hints at two different parent distributions, and two potential origins – either akin to planetary formation, or stellar. There are no low-eccentricity BDs at periods around 100 d. The mass–metallicity distribution of BDs indicates that core accretion is not the dominant formation mechanism for BDs as they do not follow the same trends that giant exoplanets do with metallicity. We identify a diagonal envelope bounding the Gaia BDs in the mass–period plane due to the detection thresholds of the currently available NSS solutions from 34 months of data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An air sampling campaign on the Island of Hawaii aimed to assess background concentrations of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) over the Central Northern Pacific and to explore their distribution along an altitudinal transect. XAD-resin-based passive air samplers were deployed from May to September 2011 at six sites along a transect from the northeastern coast to the Mauna Loa Observatory and at three other island sites. By crossing the trade wind inversion, the transect comprised the marine boundary layer and free troposphere. At the two ends of the transect, flow-through samplers simultaneously sampled air at monthly resolution. Elevated levels of dieldrin, chlordane- and DDT-related pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), and polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) at two urban sites indicated contributions from local sources. The composition of chlordane and DDT-related residues indicated recent emissions. PAHs concentrations that decline more rapidly with increasing elevation than those for PBDEs are consistent with faster atmospheric degradation of PAHs. SVOC levels on Mauna Loa were generally at the lower end of concentration ranges reported for remote sites, including the Arctic. However, in contrast to the Arctic, long-range atmospheric transport is deemed less important than human-induced material flow as the source of SVOCs to the island's atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the role of science fiction on the development of technologies similar to them. Making science fiction a reality; Information science and the wonders of computerization.

This paper describes the rationale for the changes made to Ada 2012 as a consequence of a review carried out in 2015. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is an extended version of a talk given by the author at a Symposium in Oxford to celebrate the 200th birthday of Ada Lovelace last December. It starts with a few words about Byron and his Bear at Cambridge. This is followed by some remarks about Babbage who also went to Cambridge and was involved in an important event involving Brunel and Safety on the railways. The main topic is a look at the events that led to the new programming language devised to satisfy the needs of the US Department of Defense and which was named Ada in recognition of the fact that Ada Lovelace was the first programmer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present additional HARPS radial velocity observations of the highly eccentric (e ∼ 0.6) binary system DMPP-3AB, which comprises a K0V primary and a low-mass companion at the hydrogen burning limit. The binary has a 507 d orbital period and a 1.2 au semimajor axis. The primary component harbours a known 2.2 M⊕ planet, DMPP-3A b, with a 6.67-d orbit. New HARPS measurements constrain periastron passage for the binary orbit and add further integrity to previously derived solutions for both companion and planet orbits. Gaia astrometry independently confirms the binary orbit and establishes the inclination of the binary is 63.89 ± 0.78°. We performed dynamical simulations that establish that the previously identified ∼800 d RV signal cannot be attributed to an orbiting body. The additional observations, a deviation from strict periodicity, and our new analyses of activity indicators suggest the ∼800 d signal is caused by stellar activity. We conclude that there may be long-period planet 'detections' in other systems, which are similar misinterpreted stellar activity artefacts. Without the unusual eccentric binary companion to the planet-hosting star, we could have accepted the ∼800 d signal as a probable planet. Further monitoring of DMPP-3 will reveal which signatures can be used to most efficiently identify these imposters. We also report a threshold detection (0.2 per cent FAP) of a ∼2.26 d periodicity in the RVs, potentially attributed to an Earth-mass S-type planet interior to DMPP-3A b. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is the last of a number of papers describing the rationale for Ada 2012. In due course it is anticipated that the papers will be combined (after appropriate reformatting and editing) into a single volume for formal publication. This last paper summarizes a small number of general issues of importance to the user such as compatibility between Ada 2012 and Ada 2005. It also briefly revisits a number of problems that were considered for Ada 2005 but rejected for various reasons; the important ones have been solved in Ada 2012. Finally, it discusses a small number of corrections that have been found necessary since the standard was approved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes improvements to the predefined container library in Ada 2012. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes various relatively minor improvements to the predefined library in Ada 2012. The major changes concerning the container library will be described in a later paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes various improvements in a number of general areas in Ada 2012. There are some minor but perhaps surprising changes concerning matters such as the placement of pragmas and labels. There are important new features regarding indexing and accessing largely introduced to simplify iterating over containers. There are also a number of additional Restrictions identifiers many related to the introduction of aspect specifications. The functionality of access types and storage management is made more flexible by the introduction of subpools. Finally, a number of minor additions and corrections are made to a range of topics such as generics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes various improvements in the tasking and real-time areas for Ada 2012. The most important is perhaps the recognition of the need to provide control over task allocation on multiprocessor architectures. There are also various improvements to the scheduling mechanisms and control of budgets with regard to interrupts. An interesting addition to the core language is the ability to specify restrictions on how a procedure of a synchronized interface is to be implemented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air quality studies on a broad variety of topics from health impacts to source/sink analyses, require information on the distributions of atmospheric aerosols over both altitude and time. An inexpensive, simple to implement, ground-based optical remote sensing technique has been developed to assess aerosol distributions. The technique, called CLidar (Charge Coupled Device Camera Light Detection and Ranging), provides aerosol altitude profiles over time. In the CLidar technique a relatively low-power laser transmits light vertically into the atmosphere. The transmitted laser light scatters off of air molecules, clouds, and aerosols. The entire beam from ground to zenith is imaged using a CCD camera and wide-angle (100 degree) optics which are a few hundred meters from the laser. The CLidar technique is optimized for low altitude (boundary layer and lower troposphere) measurements where most aerosols are found and where many other profiling techniques face difficulties. Currently the technique is limited to nighttime measurements. Using the CLidar technique aerosols may be mapped over both altitude and time. The instrumentation required is portable and can easily be moved to locations of interest (e.g. downwind from factories or power plants, near highways). This paper describes the CLidar technique, implementation and data analysis and offers specifics for users wishing to apply the technique for aerosol profiles. Implications Air quality studies require information on atmospheric aerosols over both altitude and time. A new inexpensive, simple, ground-based optical remote sensing technique assesses aerosol distributions. In the technique, called CLidar, a laser transmits light vertically into the nighttime atmosphere. The laser light scatters off of air molecules, clouds, and aerosols and the entire beam is imaged using a CCD camera and wide-angle optics. CLidar is optimized for boundary layer measurements where most aerosols are found. The instrumentation is portable and can easily be moved to locations of interest (e.g., downwind from factories or power plants, near highways). [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Imidazoacridin-6-ones are shown to be potent nanomolar inhibitors of the enzyme NQO2. By use of computational molecular modeling, a reliable QSAR was established, relating inhibitory potency with calculated binding affinity. Further, crystal structures of NQO2 containing two of the imidazoacridin-6-ones have been solved. To generate compounds with reduced off-target (DNA binding) effects, an N-oxide moiety was introduced into the tertiary aminoalkyl side chain of the imidazoacridin-6-ones. This resulted in substantially less toxicity in a panel of eight cancer cell lines, decreased protein binding, and reduced DNA binding and nuclear accumulation. Finally, one of the N-oxides showed potent ability to inhibit the enzymatic function of NQO2 in cells, and therefore, it may be useful as a pharmacological probe to study the properties of the enzyme in vitro and in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A bistatic lidar configuration of a wide-angle camera (100°°) and vertically pointed laser (532 nm) was used to profile aerosols at a coastal site. Aerosol profiles were measured on two evenings from the surface through the boundary layer. The site, on the eastern tip of the Big Island of Hawaii, is influenced by both marine boundary layer aerosols and breaking waves. Two nephelometers, located at 7 and 25 m above sea level, were compared directly with the 0.5-m-altitude resolution of the camera lidar (clidar). At 7 m, changes in aerosol were tracked quite well by the clidar. At 25 m the aerosol was fairly constant and a useful comparison could only be made with averaged values. The clidar results showed a steep gradient (decreasing with altitude) in the aerosol extinction from 7 to about 35 m. The gradient continued to 200 m at a lower rate. This demonstrated the use of the clidar in characterizing the environment for the in situ aerosol sampling. Both a measured and a NASA Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET)-derived aerosol phase function, representing similar marine conditions but from different locations, were used to convert the single-angle clidar scatter to extinction. The measured function gave the best fit to the near-surface nephelometer data. The extinction/backscatter ratio, derived by comparing the NASA Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) aerosol optical depth to the integrated clidar profile, was higher than the long-term average value from the AERONET aerosol phase function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research examined the influence of peripheral message cues on clinicians' judgment about the psychological status of clients. The elaboration likelihood model (ELM) of social persuasion suggests that peripheral message cues are likely to exert a greater influence on clinicians' judgments when a client's presentation meets some, but not all, diagnostic criteria for a disorder (i.e., when the presentation is ambiguous). Within this theoretical framework, we examined the effects of a peripheral message cue(level of irrelevant detail in the client's presentation) and presentation ambiguity on clinicians' judgments of need for treatment, illness severity, and distress. Consistent with predictions based on the ELM, for both obsessive-compulsive disorder and posttraumatic stress disorder presentations, high levels of irrelevant detail exerted a greater influence on clinicians' judgments of clients' need for treatment when presentation ambiguity was high than when it was low. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The enzyme NAD(P)H quinone oxidoreductase (NQO1) can function both as a detoxifying enzyme as well as chaperone protein. The latter property has been extensively characterized by the use of dicoumarol which inhibits the chaperone properties of NQO1 in cells. However, the use of this compound is compromised by its multiple “off-target” effects. Coumarin-based compounds that are more potent than dicoumarol as inhibitors of NQO1 in cells have been identified (Nolan et al., Biochem Pharmacol 2010;80:977–81). The purpose of the work reported here is to evaluate the off-target effects of these compounds when compared to dicoumarol. A range of these substituted coumarins are identified that are significantly less toxic than dicoumarol in a panel of nine cell lines. Further a number of the compounds generate much less intracellular superoxide, and many of them also show a reduced ability to induce apoptosis when compared to dicoumarol. None of these effects correlate with the ability of the compounds to inhibit the enzymatic activity of NQO1 in cells. In conclusion, potent inhibitors of NQO1 have been identified that will be more pharmacologically useful than dicoumarol for probing the function of NQO1 in cells and tissues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On January 29, 1863, the United States Army attacked a band of Northwestern Shoshones at Bear River in southern Idaho, killing nearly 300 men, women, and children. This massacre is absent from much of the historiography. At the site of the massacre, however, a handled of monument stand commemorating the same event yet telling the story in different--almost contradictory--ways. These momments are anomalous in America's commemorated history, and reveal shifts in popular and scholarly memory over the last 140 years: a visible struggle to control the past. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the relationship between literary agent James Brand Pinker and novelist Henry Lawson. Pinker was one of the first literary agents in England at the beginning of the 20th century. Information on how Pinker established his literary business is presented. Pinker's relationship with writer Joseph Conrad is described. A review of Lawson's life as a writer when he moved from Sydney to London is presented. Lawson went to Pinker on the advice of Herbert Morrah, editor of the "Argosy."

Presents a continuation of lists of selected dissertations begun in the July 1970 issue of the journal "Western Historical Quarterly." "Raised Field Landscapes of Native North America," by William Gustav Gartner; "Carey McWilliams and the Question of Cultural Citizenship in the 1940s," by Maria Jose Canelo; "The Role of Ideology in the Growth, Establishment, and Decline of the Black Panther Party: 1966 to 1982," by Paul Alkebulan.

Discusses the British early comedy motion picture "Mary Jane's Mishap," directed by G.A. Smith. It is conventionally dated to 1903, but the author proposes to show that a more likely dating for its production is autumn of 1902. The film is revolutionary, both in technique and the artistry of the comic miming of actress Laura Bailey. It contains 14 shots, and includes full-shots, medium close-ups, double exposure for the ghost effect, stop-motion substitution of dummy for Bailey during explosion, and movement in depth with Bailey moving towards and away from the camera. The earliest printed trade catalogue listing of the film appears to be the Charles Urban Trading Co.'s catalogue of 1903, copy in the British Film Institute. The technology available at that time would make it impractical to attempt to film a subject of this kind during the dark days of January or February.

Presents a list of dissertations about western history. "Mexican Immigrant Family Farms in the California Strawberry Industry," by Teresa Figueroa Sanchez; "The Morning After the Gold Rush: Prentice Mulford and the American Dream," by Enoch Anderson; "Shaping the Shoreline: Environment, Society, and Culture in Monterey, California," by Connie Young Chiang.

Presents patterns of small-angle X-ray scattering from two polyolefin samples that exhibit three-dimensional (3-d) symmetry. Materials whose morphology is of low symmetry resulting from processes for forming products from synthetic polymers; Mapping of the full 3-d scattering pattern as required for characterizing such morphology using small-angle scattering.

Measurements of pressure shift and pressure broadening in molecular oxygen have been made for rotational transitions in the B (1←0) and γ (2←0) vibrational bands of the b1Σ+g←X3Σ−g visible electronic transition. The absorption features were measured simultaneously in two cells by photoacoustic spectroscopy using a scanning dye laser. The measurements were made with background gases of both pure oxygen and air at room temperature. The pressure shifts were all negative. The measurements show the magnitude of the pressure shift increasing with vibrational quantum number when compared with existing data for the A (0←0) band. The shifts also increase with rotational number within each vibrational band. The shifts in air are larger than in oxygen although the difference gets smaller with vibrational number. The average shifts in air for the A, B, and γ bands were 36, 11, and 0.2% higher, respectively, than in pure oxygen. The pressure broadening of the rotational lines does not change significantly with vibrational number and in general decreases with rotational number within a band. The pressure shift measurements were used by the high-resolution Doppler imager (on the Upper Atmospheric Research Satellite) to correct the Doppler wind measurements. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Examines the specificity of microstructures using temperature-induced contrast variation technique. Pattern of scattering; Mechanisms of liquid-like scattering from amorphous components; Characterization of glass transition effects in semicrystalline polymers.

We report the recovery and re-calibration of an extensive dataset of vertical profile measurements of the 1963/64 stratospheric aerosol layer measured from a two-site searchlight measurement facility at White Sands missile base and Sacramento Peak observatory, in New Mexico, US. The recovered dataset comprises 105 profiles of 550nm aerosol extinction (βp(z)) and is part of a longer program of measurements with the US Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratories (AFCRL) searchlight facility that began in February 1963. The recovered series of βp(z) profiles span the 13-month period December 1963 to December 1964 and provide a unique record of the altitude and vertical extent of the Northern Hemisphere dispersed portion of the aerosol cloud from the March 1963 Agung volcanic eruption. The data recovery methodology involved first re-digitizing the 105 original βp(z) profiles (βp(z)) from individual Figures within an AFCRL research report (Elterman, 1966a). The re-calibration involves inverting the original equation used to compute βp(z) in Elterman (1966a; 1966b) to retrieve a normalized detector response (Er(z) Er(35)) profile for each of the 105 re-digitized βp 0(z) profiles. An iterative procedure was then used to compute the re-calibration βp(z) profiles (βp Ra(z)), with the molecular extinction profile calculated with the corresponding daily molecular extinction profile calculated from local soundings, rather than the US Standard Atmosphere 1962 in the original dataset. Two-way molecular and aerosol transmittance corrections are applied using the MODTRAN (MODerate resolution atmospheric TRANsmission) code in transmission mode, applying a best-estimate aerosol phase function calculated from measurements, applied for the entire 2.76 to 35.2 km column. For the tropospheric aerosol transmittance, the AERONET aerosol phase function from White Sands High Energy Laser Systems Test Facility (HELSTF) was applied (2.76 to 10.7 km), a separate stratospheric phase function applied between 11.2 and 35.2 km, calculated from a set of particle size distributions measured by the U-2 high-altitude aircraft over a US region in the vicinity of White Sands in early 1964. Errors were estimated taking as a reference the errors determined in the computation of βp 0(z). Using available tabulated data from the original procedure the errors in the re-digitalization of βp 0(z) and in the retrieval of the Er(z) Er(35) procedures were calculated and later added to the original estimates. Both the βp R(z) and the stratospheric aerosol optical depth magnitudes showed higher magnitudes than βp 0(z) and the original stratospheric aerosol optical depth, however their magnitudes show a reasonable agreement with other contemporary observations. Both the original and recalibration datasets are being submitted to PANGAEA data repository for its storage and public access. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The 2022–23 US influenza season peaked early in fall 2022. Methods: Late‐season influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against outpatient, laboratory‐confirmed influenza was calculated among participants of the US Influenza VE Network using a test‐negative design. Results: Of 2561 participants enrolled from December 12, 2022 to April 30, 2023, 91 laboratory‐confirmed influenza cases primarily had A(H1N1)pdm09 (6B.1A.5a.2a.1) or A(H3N2) (3C.2a1b.2a.2b). Overall, VE was 30% (95% confidence interval −9%, 54%); low late‐season activity precluded estimation for most subgroups. Conclusions: 2022–23 late‐season outpatient influenza VE was not statistically significant. Genomic characterization may improve the identification of influenza viruses that circulate postinfluenza peak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On April 1, 2024, the Texas Department of State Health Services reported that a dairy farm worker had tested positive for highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) virus after exposure to presumably infected dairy cattle; CDC confirmed these laboratory findings. A(H5N1) viruses were found in high concentrations in unpasteurized (raw) milk from infected cows. CDC is collaborating with the U.S. Department of Agriculture, the Food and Drug Administration, the Administration for Strategic Preparedness and Response, the Health Resources and Services Administration, the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, and state and local public health and animal health officials using a coordinated One Health approach to identify and prepare for developments that could increase the risk to human health. Activities include monitoring of exposed persons, conducting syndromic and laboratory surveillance, planning epidemiologic investigations, and evaluating medical countermeasures. As of May 22, 2024, approximately 350 farm workers with exposure to dairy cattle or infected raw cow's milk had been monitored. These monitoring efforts identified a second human A(H5) case with conjunctivitis in Michigan, which was reported on May 22, 2024. CDC considers the current risk to the U.S. public from A(H5N1) viruses to be low; however, persons with exposure to infected animals or contaminated materials, including raw cow's milk, are at higher risk for A(H5N1) virus infection and should take recommended precautions, including using recommended personal protective equipment, self-monitoring for illness symptoms, and, if they are symptomatic, seeking prompt medical evaluation for influenza testing and antiviral treatment if indicated. Pasteurization inactivates A(H5N1) viruses, and the commercial milk supply is safe for consumption; however, all persons should avoid consuming raw milk or products produced from raw milk. Importantly, the risk to the public might change based on whether A(H5N1) viruses acquire genetic changes that increase their transmissibility to and among humans, which could increase the risk of an influenza pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The supply / demand issue in behavioral health care is a well-established fact, and the mental health toll of the COVID-19 pandemic continues to add challenges to an already taxed system. Existing healthcare models are not set up to adequately address the increasing mental health related needs. As such, innovative models are needed to provide patients with access to appropriate, evidence-based behavioral health care within routine clinical care. This paper introduces Precision Behavioral Health (PBH) as an example of such a model. PBH is an innovative, digital first care delivery model that provides an ecosystem of evidence-based digital mental health interventions to patients as a frontline behavioral health treatment within routine care in a large multispecialty group medical center in the United States. This paper describes the implementation of PBH within a practice research network set-up as part of an integrated behavioral health department. We will present how our team leveraged the RE-AIM (Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance; "What is RE-AIM?," n.d.) implementation science framework, which emphasizes the design, dissemination, and implementation processes at the individual, staff, and organizational levels, to prioritize key implementation constructs to enhance the successful integration of PBH within routine care. We describe how each of these constructs were operationalized to aid data gathering for rapid evaluation and lessons learned. We discuss the benefits of these types of initiatives across multiple stakeholders including patients, providers, organizations, payers, and digital intervention vendors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT Pest and disease problems in agriculture frequently extend beyond the boundaries of an individual grower’s fields, therefore management strategies in some pest and disease pathosystems may be more effectively addressed regionally. In the late 1980s, the tomato processing industry in the Del Fuerte Valley of Sinaloa, Mexico, became concerned about a complex of virus diseases affecting tomatoes. The principles of landscape ecology and the tools of geographic information systems were applied to help organize a cooperative regional approach to disease management of specific cropping systems. The major tomato producers in the region provided skilled personnel to assess the risk of virus disease incidence at the time of planting for specific fields and to assess virus disease incidence later in the growing season. All data were spatially referenced using a geographic information system (GIS) and global positioning systems. Summary maps of perceived site risk and observed disease incidence for the region were made using geostatistics and GIS. Classical plant virus disease management strategies (avoidance or removal of sources of the viruses and their insect vectors, use of virus-free seed and transplants, etc.) were focused on areas of highest risk and incidence. The use of pesticides to manage the vectors of the virus pathogens was actively discouraged and greatly reduced. The incidence of tomato virus diseases (representing as many as 10 possible viruses) in the Del Fuerte Valley peaked at an average of over 7% in 1991–1992 with disease incidence in individual fields varying from 0% to 69% and dropped consistently each year to less than 1% in the 1995–1996 season with disease incidence in individual fields varying from 0% to 11%. Geographic information systems and landscape ecology provided a regional perspective that was crucial in spatially referencing, interpreting, and communicating information necessary to implement a regional... [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzes the potential magnetic field of AB Doradism. Comparison of the Zeeman and Doppler images; Calculation of the azimuthal component of the corresponding potential field; Application of cross-correlation differentiation between potential and observed azimuthal field distributions.

When an oxidized metal is cooled from a high temperature, stresses are produced at the metal-scale interface, owing to the difference in thermal expansion rates of the oxide and metal. Such stresses become time- and temperature-dependent if the scale or underlying metal creeps as cooling occurs. A model is presented which describes thermally induced stresses in the scale and accounts for partial stress relaxation by creep of the metal substrate and/ or the scale. The expected stresses are a function of the material parameters: thermal expansion coefficients, elastic modulii, and creep rates of both metal and scale. To illustrate a range of behaviors, we have presented example calculations for three CrO forming metals, Ni-30Cr, pure Cr, and MA-754. The effect of stress relaxation during thermal cycling was also examined briefly. In these examples, creep of the CrO scale was not expected to be important. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses about the issues involved in the discussion of who should provide electronic journal archives and where and how they are constructed. Developments of electronic publications; Defining electronic archives; Issues involved in electronic archiving; Library perspectives and considerations concerning electronic archiving.

Focuses on electronic archives as an essential element in complete electric journal solutions. Brief information on the 1996 developments in the publishing and library communities; Final report of the Task Force on Digital Archiving regarding the distinction between digital archives and digital libraries; Guidelines for evaluating providers of an electronic journal archive.

Investigates the factors that affect how retailers in a border zone manage the elements of the retail trade mix with respect to foreign national consumers. Effects of competition from foreign retailers and currency devaluation on variables of the retail mix; Impact of devaluation perception on the retail competition from foreign retailers.

States that the emergence of the World Wide Web along with a number of events has triggered a dramatic increase in the availability of electronic journals. Establishment of electronic journals; Examination of the steps that have led to electronic publishing today; Outline of the remaining obstacles that must be overcome before libraries can make the ultimate advance from paper to electronic collections.

The article focuses on the crystallization of the compound poly[[diaquacerium(III)]-μ5propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylato]. Crystals of were grown under hydrothermal conditions. Two bidentate and three monodentate carboxylate groups were coordinated to each cerium ion. In the crystal structure two coordinated water molecules contribute to the network by inter-unit hydrogen bonding.

Patterns of within-host influenza A virus (IAV) diversity and evolution have been described in natural human infections, but these patterns remain poorly characterized in non-human hosts. Elucidating these dynamics is important to better understand IAV biology and the evolutionary processes that govern spillover into humans. Here, we sampled an IAV outbreak in pigs during a week-long county fair to characterize viral diversity and evolution in this important reservoir host. Nasal wipes were collected on a daily basis from all pigs present at the fair, yielding up to 421 samples per day. Subtyping of PCR-positive samples revealed the co-circulation of H1N1 and H3N2 subtype swine IAVs. PCR-positive samples with robust Ct values were deep-sequenced, yielding 506 sequenced samples from a total of 253 pigs. Based on higher-depth re-sequenced data from a subset of these initially sequenced samples (260 samples from 168 pigs), we characterized patterns of within-host IAV genetic diversity and evolution. We find that IAV genetic diversity in single-subtype infected pigs is low, with the majority of intrahost Single Nucleotide Variants (iSNVs) present at frequencies of <10%. The ratio of the number of nonsynonymous to the number of synonymous iSNVs is significantly lower than under the neutral expectation, indicating that purifying selection shapes patterns of within-host viral diversity in swine. The dynamic turnover of iSNVs and their pronounced frequency changes further indicate that genetic drift also plays an important role in shaping IAV populations within pigs. Taken together, our results highlight similarities in patterns of IAV genetic diversity and evolution between humans and swine, including the role of stochastic processes in shaping within-host IAV dynamics. Author summary: Transmission of influenza A viruses among swine occurs commonly at agricultural fairs, where animals from geographically disparate locations come together for a week-long public event. Through dense sampling of one such outbreak, following by viral genome sequencing within positive samples, we evaluated viral evolution within infected pigs. We characterized patterns of viral genetic diversity and investigated the dynamics of variants to understand the forces driving evolutionary change. Our data indicate that influenza virus populations infecting farmed swine have limited genetic diversity and are largely shaped by purifying selection and genetic drift. These observations are similar to those described previously for influenza virus populations within human hosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the recovery and processing methodology of the first ever multi-year lidar dataset of the stratospheric aerosol layer. A Q-switched ruby lidar measured 66 vertical profiles of 694 nm attenuated backscatter at Lexington, Massachusetts, between January 1964 and August 1965, with an additional nine profile measurements conducted from College, Alaska, during July and August 1964. We describe the processing of the recovered lidar backscattering ratio profiles to produce mid-visible (532 nm) stratospheric aerosol extinction profiles (sAEP 532) and stratospheric aerosol optical depth (sAOD 532) measurements, utilizing a number of contemporary measurements of several different atmospheric variables. Stratospheric soundings of temperature and pressure generate an accurate local molecular backscattering profile, with nearby ozone soundings determining the ozone absorption, which are used to correct for two-way ozone transmittance. Two-way aerosol transmittance corrections are also applied based on nearby observations of total aerosol optical depth (across the troposphere and stratosphere) from sun photometer measurements. We show that accounting for these two-way transmittance effects substantially increases the magnitude of the 1964/1965 stratospheric aerosol layer's optical thickness in the Northern Hemisphere mid-latitudes, then ∼ 50 % larger than represented in the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) volcanic forcing dataset. Compared to the uncorrected dataset, the combined transmittance correction increases the sAOD 532 by up to 66 % for Lexington and up to 27 % for Fairbanks, as well as individual sAEP 532 adjustments of similar magnitude. Comparisons with the few contemporary measurements available show better agreement with the corrected two-way transmittance values. Within the January 1964 to August 1965 measurement time span, the corrected Lexington sAOD 532 time series is substantially above 0.05 in three distinct periods, October 1964, March 1965, and May–June 1965, whereas the 6 nights the lidar measured in December 1964 and January 1965 had sAOD values of at most ∼ 0.03. The comparison with interactive stratospheric aerosol model simulations of the Agung aerosol cloud shows that, although substantial variation in mid-latitude sAOD 532 are expected from the seasonal cycle in the stratospheric circulation, the Agung cloud's dispersion from the tropics would have been at its strongest in winter and weakest in summer. The increasing trend in sAOD from January to July 1965, also considering the large variability, suggests that the observed variations are from a different source than Agung, possibly from one or both of the two eruptions that occurred in 1964/1965 with a Volcanic Explosivity Index (VEI) of 3: Trident, Alaska, and Vestmannaeyjar, Heimaey, south of Iceland. A detailed error analysis of the uncertainties in each of the variables involved in the processing chain was conducted. Relative errors for the uncorrected sAEP 532 were 54 % for Fairbanks and 44 % Lexington. For the corrected sAEP 532 the errors were 61 % and 64 %, respectively. The analysis of the uncertainties identified variables that with additional data recovery and reprocessing could reduce these relative error levels. Data described in this work are available at 10.1594/PANGAEA.922105 (Antuña-Marrero et al., 2020a). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-speed synchrotron X-ray imaging technique was used to investigate the binder jetting additive manufacturing (AM) process. A commercial binder jetting printer with droplet-on-demand ink-jet print-head was used to print single lines on powder beds. The printing process was recorded in real time using high-speed X-ray imaging. The ink-jet droplets showed distinct elongated shape with spherical head, long tail, and three to five trailing satellite droplets. Significant drift was observed between the impact points of main droplet and satellite droplets. The impact of the droplet on the powder bed caused movement and ejection of the powder particles. The depth of disturbance in the powder bed from movement and ejection was defined as interaction depth, which is found to be dependent on the size, shape, and material of the powder particles. For smaller powder particles (diameter less than 10 μm), three consecutive binder droplets were observed to coalesce to form large agglomerates. The observations reported here will facilitate the understanding of underlying physics that govern the binder jetting processes, which will then help in improving the quality of parts manufactured using this AM process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]