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1. A new modern pollen dataset describing the Brazilian Atlantic Forest

Author: Hermann Behling, Marie-Pierre Ledru, S.G.A. Flantua, Thomas Giesecke, Vincent Montade, Odile Peyron, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Georg-August-University [Göttingen]-Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Albrecht-von-Haller Institut für Pflanzenwissenschaften, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen-Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Palaeo-ecologie, and Coastal dynamics, Fluvial systems and Global change
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biome, Biodiversity, modern pollen samples, Climate change, Rainforest, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, pollen-climate calibration, Pollen, medicine, samples, tropical South America, eco-physiognomy, database, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, biology, Palaeontology, Paleontology, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, modern pollen, Geography, Habitat destruction, Archaeology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Atlantic Forest, Physical geography, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Araucaria, Brazil
Abstract: International audience; To improve our understanding of the Atlantic Forest responses to climate changes in space and time, it is essential to explore how the Brazilian Atlantic rain forest is structured as observed in modern pollen assemblages and which climate parameters determine these patterns. In this context, we compiled 196 modern pollen samples including 125 from the Atlantic Forest biome and assigned each sample to one or more eco-physiognomies. We identified seven eco-physiognomies of which four clusters of one or two eco-physiognomies were clearly distinguished, namely (1) Araucaria forest with high elevation grassland, (2) lowland rain forest, (3) semi-deciduous with riverine forests and (4) northeastern Atlantic rain forest. Climatically distinct, these clusters reflect a general temperature increase and precipitation increase from the first to the fourth cluster. Furthermore, comparison of the modern pollen dataset with the Côlonia pollen record from southeastern Brazil revealed that vegetation attributed to Araucaria forest with high elevation grassland showed an important variability with several shifts towards the lowland rain forest. As illustrated by comparison with the long fossil pollen record of Côlonia, developing such a modern training set is crucial for the understanding of responses of Atlantic Forest to environmental changes. However, additional samples are still necessary to improve characterization of different eco-physiognomies at a local scale following a defined floristic and climatic gradient. This sampling effort is becoming increasing urgent as a result of strong biodiversity loss and habitat destruction in this region.
Published: 2019
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2. Fire risk modulation by long-term dynamics in land cover and dominant forest type in Eastern and Central Europe

Author: Angelica Feurdean, Boris Vannière, Walter Finsinger, Dan Warren, Simon C. Connor, Matthew Forrest, Johan Liakka, Andrei Panait, Christian Werner, Maja Andrič, Premysl Bobek, Vachel A. Carter, Basil Davis, Andrei-Cosmin Diaconu, Elisabeth Dietze, Ingo Feeser, Gabriela Florescu, Mariusz Gałka, Thomas Giesecke, Susanne Jahns, Eva Jamrichová, Katarzyna Kajukało, Jed Kaplan, Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek, Piotr Kołaczek, Petr Kuneš, Dimitry Kupriyanov, Mariusz Lamentowicz, Carsten Lemmen, Enikö K. Magyari, Katarzyna Marcisz, Elena Marinova, Aidin Niamir, Elena Novenko, Milena Obremska, Anna Pędziszewska, Mirjam Pfeiffer, Anneli Poska, Manfred Rösch, Michal Słowiński, Miglė Stančikaitė, Marta Szal, Joanna Święta-Musznicka, Ioan Tanţău, Martin Theuerkauf, Spassimir Tonkov, Orsolya Valkó, Juri Vassiljev, Siim Veski, Ildiko Vincze, Agnieszka Wacnik, Julian Wiethold, Thomas Hickler, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center [Bergen] (NERSC), Babes-Bolyai University [Cluj-Napoca] (UBB), Heidelberg University, Institut za arheologijo (ZRC SAZU), Znanstvenoraziskovalni center SAZU - Institut za arheologijo, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne (UNIL), GeoForschungsZentrum - Helmholtz-Zentrum Potsdam (GFZ), Institut fûr Ur- und Frühgeschichte, Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Georg-August-University [Göttingen]-Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Brandenburgisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Landesmuseum, Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, ARVE, Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), MTA-MTM-ELTE Research Group for Paleontology, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), GINOP Sustainable Ecosystem Research Group, MTA Centre for Ecological Research [Tihany], Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Department of Environmental and Landscape Geography, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), Landesdenkmalamt, Baden-Württemberg, Institute of Geological Sciences, Polish Academy of Sciences, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Department of Plant Ecology, Gdansk University, University of Gdańsk (UG), Senckenberg biodiversität und klima forschungszentrum (BIK-F), Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg (SGN), Institute of Geology, University of Bern, Institute of Geography and Spatial Organization, Polish Academy of Sciences, Nature Research Centre [Vilnius], Department of Palaeobotany, Institute of Biology, Białystok University of Technology, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, University of Sofia, Institute of Geology at Tallinn, Tallinn University of Technology (TTÜ), Department of Palaeobotany, W. Szafer Institute of Botany, Polish Academy of Sciences, Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap), Archéologie, Terre, Histoire, Sociétés [Dijon] (ARTeHiS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC), German Research Foundation (grant nos. FE-1096/4-1 and FE-1096/6-1). Additional financial support also came from the Slovenian Research Agency (grant nos. P6-0064 and J7-6857), the UEFISCDI in Romania (grant no. PN-III-P4-ID-PCE-2016-0711), the Research Council of Lithuania (grant no. S-MIP-17-133), the Swiss Government Excellence Postdoctoral Scholarship (grant no. FIRECO 2016.0310), the National Science Centre in Poland (grant nos. 2015/17/B/ST10/01656 and 2015/17/B/ST10/03430), the Czech Science Foundation (grant nos. 16-06915S, 19-14271Y and GA14-22658S), the Estonian Research Council (grant no. PRG323), the Czech Academy of Sciences (grant no. RVO 67985939), the ANR OBRESOC project (grant no. ANR 09-CEP-004-01), and the Hungarian National Research, Development and Innovation Office., PAGES Global Charcoal Database, ANR-09-CEPL-0004,OBRESOC,Un observatoire rétrospectif d'une société archéologique: La trajectoire du néolithique Rubané.(2009), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen-Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Софийски университет = Sofia University, and Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, biomass burning, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Holocene, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Human impact, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Fire hazard, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, 13. Climate action, tree cover, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 010606 plant biology & botany, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: Wildfire occurrence is influenced by climate, vegetation and human activities. A key challenge for understanding fire-climate-vegetation interactions is to quantify the effect vegetation has in mediating fire regime. Here, we explore the relative importance of Holocene land cover and dominant functional forest type, and climate dynamics on biomass burned in temperate and boreo-nemoral regions of Central and Eastern Europe over the past 12 ka BP years. We used an extensive data set of Holocene pollen and sedimentary charcoal records, in combination with climate simulations and novel statistical modelling. Biomass burned was highest during the early Holocene and lowest during the mid Holocene in all three ecoregions, but diverged more markedly over the past 3–4 ka BP. Although the climate was an important driver of fire hazard during the warm and dry early Holocene, tree cover was consistently the strongest predictor of past biomass burning. In temperate forests, biomass burned was high at ~ 45 % tree cover and decreased strongly towards 60 % tree cover. In needleleaf dominated forests, biomass burned was highest at ~ 60–65 % tree cover and abruptly declined at > 65 % tree cover. Biomass burned also increased when arable lands and grasslands reached ~ 15–20 %, although this relationship was highly dynamic depending on land use intensity throughout ignition and fuel type and availability. Our observations cover the full range of Holocene climate variability and land cover changes and illustrates that percentages of land cover is a key predictor of the probability of fire occurrence over timescales of centuries to millennia. We suggest that long-term fire risk may be effectively reduced through land cover management, given that land cover has controlled fire regimes under the dynamic climates of the Holocene.
Published: 2019
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3. Pollen-based quantitative reconstructions of Holocene regional vegetation cover (plant-functional types and land-cover types) in Europe suitable for climate modelling

Author: Małgorzata Latałowa, Thomas Giesecke, Matts Lindbladh, B. van Geel, Marie-José Gaillard, P. van der Knaap, Shinya Sugita, Chris Caseldine, Walter Dörfler, Chantal Leroyer, Jutta Lechterbeck, Mihkel Kangur, Siim Veski, Anneli Poska, Per Lagerås, Laurent Marquer, Anna-Kari Trondman, Ralph Fyfe, Philip Barratt, Florence Mazier, Manfred Rösch, Tiiu Koff, E. Fischer, Tove Hultberg, Thomas Persson, Bent Vad Odgaard, Michelle Leydet, Anna Broström, Petr Kuneš, Heikki Seppä, Harry John Betteley Birks, John Dodson, Anne Birgitte Nielsen, Fraser J.G. Mitchell, Lucia Wick, Laimdota Kalnina, Leif Björkman, Claire L. Twiddle, S. M. Peglar, Rémi David, Anne E. Bjune, Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Ecology, Tallinn University-Tallinn University, School of Geography, Plymouth University-Plymouth University, Department of Geology, Lund University [Lund], Northern Rivers Institute, School of Geosciences, University of Aberdeen, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Department of Biology and Bjerkness Centre for Climate Research, Uni Research Climate, Uni Research Ltd, Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Viscum pollenanalys and miljohistoria, Viscum pollenanalys and miljohistoria-Viscum pollenanalys and miljohistoria, Department of Geology, Quaternary Sciences, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Centre de Recherche en Archéologie, Archéosciences, Histoire (CReAAH), Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Institute for Environmental Research, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Institute fur Ur und fruhgeschichte, Department of Paleoecology and landscape Ecology, Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Georg-August-University [Göttingen]-Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences [Riga], University of Latvia (LU), Institute of Plant Sciences, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Swedish National Heritage Board, Laboratory of Palaeoecology and Archaeology, University of Gdańsk (UG)-University of Gdańsk (UG), State Office for cultural Heritage Baden-Wuerttemberg, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Botany Department, Trinity College Dublin (TCD), Trinity College Dublin, Department of Geoscience [Aarhus], Aarhus University [Aarhus], Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science [Lund], P.O. Box 64, Institute of Geology, Tallinn University of Technology (TTÜ), University of Basel (Unibas), VR 349-2007-8705, Swedish [VR] Research Council, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Nantes Université (NU)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Le Mans Université (UM), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen-Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Paleoecology and Landscape Ecology (IBED, FNWI), Department of Geosciences and Geography, Université de Nantes - UFR Histoire, Histoire de l'Art et Archéologie (UFR HHAA), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU)
Subjects: DYNAMICS, Climate Change, Biodiversity, SOURCE AREA, Land cover, 580 Plants (Botany), medicine.disease_cause, 114 Physical sciences, pollen data, FUTURE, Deforestation, Pollen, medicine, Environmental Chemistry, ALGORITHM, 1172 Environmental sciences, Holocene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, General Environmental Science, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, REVEALS model, OPENNESS, Plant Dispersal, QUATERNARY PALYNOLOGICAL DATABASE, SOUTHERN SWEDEN, Vegetation, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Models, Theoretical, 15. Life on land, Evergreen, quantitative past land cover, TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS, Europe, Deciduous, Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400 [VDP], Mathematics and natural scienses: 400 [VDP], 13. Climate action, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, plant-functional types, REVEALS-MODEL, CARBON-CYCLE
Abstract: A contribution to the PAGES Focus 4 Land Use and Cover Theme ABSTRACT: We present quantitative reconstructions of regional vegetation cover in north western Europe western Europe north of the Alps and eastern Europe for five time windows in the Holocene [around 6k 3k 0.5k 0.2k and 0.05k calendar years before present (bp)] at a 1° × 1° spatial scale with the objective of producing vegetation descriptions suitable for climate modelling. The REVEALS model was applied on 636 pollen records from lakes and bogs to reconstruct the past cover of 25 plant taxa grouped into 10 plant functional types and three land cover types [evergreen trees summer green (deciduous) trees and open land]. The model corrects for some of the biases in pollen percentages by using pollen productivity estimates and fall speeds of pollen and by applying simple but robust models of pollen dispersal and deposition. The emerging patterns of tree migration and deforestation between 6k bp and modern time in the REVEALS estimates agree with our general understanding of the vegetation history of Europe based on pollen percentages. However the degree of anthropogenic deforestation (i.e. cover of cultivated and grazing land) at 3k 0.5k and 0.2k bp is significantly higher than deduced from pollen percentages. This is also the case at 6k in some parts of Europe in particular Britain and Ireland. Furthermore the relationship between summer green and evergreen trees and between individual tree taxa differs significantly when expressed as pollen percentages or as REVEALS estimates of tree cover. For instance when Pinus is dominant over Picea as pollen percentages Picea is dominant over Pinus as REVEALS estimates. These differences play a major role in the reconstruction of European landscapes and for the study of land cover–climate interactions biodiversity and human resources.
Published: 2015
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4. Regional climate model simulations for Europe at 6 and 0.2 k BP: sensitivity to changes in anthropogenic deforestation

Author: Benjamin Smith, Mihkel Kangur, Ralph Fyfe, Małgorzata Latałowa, Thomas Giesecke, Sebastian Wagner, Anne E. Bjune, Basil A. S. Davis, Heikki Seppä, Anne Birgitte Nielsen, Laimdota Kalnina, Harry John Betteley Birks, Erik Kjellström, Shinya Sugita, A.K Trondman, Petr Kuneš, Achille Mauri, Marie-José Gaillard, Ulla Kokfelt, Jed O. Kaplan, Laurent Marquer, Florence Mazier, Anneli Poska, Gustav Strandberg, W.O. van der Knaap, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science [Lund], Lund University [Lund], Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Institute for Environmental Sciences [Geneva] (ISE), University of Geneva [Switzerland], Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB), Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Uni Research Climate, Uni Research Ltd, School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences [Plymouth] (SoGEES), Plymouth University, Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Georg-August-University [Göttingen]-Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Faculty of Geography and Earth Sciences [Riga], University of Latvia (LU), Institute of Ecology, Tallinn University, Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern-University of Bern, Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Laboratory of Palaeoecology and Archaeology, University of Gdańsk (UG)-University of Gdańsk (UG), Géographie de l'environnement (GEODE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Department of Geology [Lund], Equipe Autre (R&D), Sciences et Technologies de la Musique et du Son (STMS), Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche et Coordination Acoustique/Musique (IRCAM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geosciences and Geography [Helsinki], Falculty of Science [Helsinki], University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geosciences and Geography, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen-Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki
Subjects: VEGETATION DYNAMICS, Climate Research, LAND-COVER CHANGES, Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Geosciences: 450::Meteorology: 453 [VDP], lcsh:Environmental protection, Stratigraphy, education, Potential natural vegetation, 580 Plants (Botany), Climate model, Klimatforskning, NORTHERN SWEDEN, Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Meteorologi: 453 [VDP], lcsh:Environmental pollution, Deforestation, Evapotranspiration, lcsh:TD169-171.8, anthropogenic deforestation, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Holocene, 1172 Environmental sciences, ddc:910, HOLOCENE CLIMATE, lcsh:GE1-350, Global and Planetary Change, Land use, Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Zoology and botany: 480::Vegetation history: 495 [VDP], IBERIAN PENINSULA, Paleontology, Vegetation, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, 15. Life on land, Albedo, LAKE-LEVEL FLUCTUATIONS, Europe, LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM, Regional climate, deforestation, 13. Climate action, POLLEN DATA, Climatology, lcsh:TD172-193.5, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, SURFACE CLIMATE, BALTIC SEA, Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480::Vegetasjonshistorie: 495 [VDP]
Abstract: International audience; This study aims to evaluate the direct effects of anthropogenic deforestation on simulated climate at two contrasting periods in the Holocene, ∼ 6 and ∼ 0.2 k BP in Eu-rope. We apply the Rossby Centre regional climate model RCA3, a regional climate model with 50 km spatial resolution, for both time periods, considering three alternative descriptions of the past vegetation: (i) potential natural vegetation (V) simulated by the dynamic vegetation model LPJ-GUESS, (ii) potential vegetation with anthro-pogenic land use (deforestation) from the HYDE3.1 (History Database of the Global Environment) scenario (V + H3.1), and (iii) potential vegetation with anthropogenic land use Published by Copernicus Publications on behalf of the European Geosciences Union. 662 G. Strandberg et al.: Sensitivity to changes in anthropogenic deforestation from the KK10 scenario (V + KK10). The climate model results show that the simulated effects of deforestation depend on both local/regional climate and vegetation characteristics. At ∼ 6 k BP the extent of simulated deforestation in Europe is generally small, but there are areas where deforestation is large enough to produce significant differences in summer temperatures of 0.5–1 • C. At ∼ 0.2 k BP, extensive deforestation , particularly according to the KK10 model, leads to significant temperature differences in large parts of Europe in both winter and summer. In winter, deforestation leads to lower temperatures because of the differences in albedo between forested and unforested areas, particularly in the snow-covered regions. In summer, deforestation leads to higher temperatures in central and eastern Europe because evapotranspiration from unforested areas is lower than from forests. Summer evaporation is already limited in the south-ernmost parts of Europe under potential vegetation conditions and, therefore, cannot become much lower. Accordingly , the albedo effect dominates in southern Europe also in summer, which implies that deforestation causes a decrease in temperatures. Differences in summer temperature due to deforestation range from −1 • C in southwestern Europe to +1 • C in eastern Europe. The choice of anthropogenic land-cover scenario has a significant influence on the simulated climate, but uncertainties in palaeoclimate proxy data for the two time periods do not allow for a definitive discrimination among climate model results.
Published: 2014
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5. Environmental and socioeconomic correlates of extinction risk in endemic species

Author: Robin Pouteau, Caroline Brunel, Bernd Lenzner, Petr Pyšek, Franz Essl, Mark van Kleunen, Carsten Meyer, Jan Pergl, Hanno Seebens, Wayne Dawson, Holger Kreft, Marten Winter, Patrick Weigelt, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Fonctionnement agroécologique et performances des systèmes de cultures horticoles (UPR HORTSYS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Durham University, University of Vienna [Vienna], Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Leipzig University, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Taizhou University, University of Konstanz, National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no.31901176), Taizhou University (2018YQ001), BiodivERsA-Belmont Forum Project 'AlienScenarios' (I 4011-B32), CM acknowledges support by the Volkswagen Foundation through a Freigeist Fellowship., PP and JP were supported by EXPRO grant 19-28807X (Czech Science Foundation) and long-term research development project RVO 67985939 (Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic)., HS acknowledges support by BiodivERsA/ BMBF project AlienScenarios (01LC1807A)., MvK acknowledges support by the German Research Foundation DFG (264740629)., Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Duke University [Durham], and University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, anthropocene, Range (biology), [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, anthropocene, biodiversity crisis, data limitation, global change, sixth mass extinction, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Invasive species, 03 medical and health sciences, ddc:570, IUCN Red List, biodiversity crisis, Taxonomic rank, Endemism, global change, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Invertebrate, sixth mass extinction, 0303 health sciences, Extinction, Ecology, data limitation, 15. Life on land, Geography, 13. Climate action, Threatened species
Abstract: Aim:Our current understanding of the causes of global extinction risk is mostly informed by the expert knowledge-based “threats classification scheme” of the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Studies based on this dataset came to different conclusions about the relative importance of threats to species, depending on which taxonomic groups and levels of extinction risk were considered, and which version of the database was used. A key reason may lie in data limitations as causes of threat are well known for charismatic and well-studied species, but not for the majority of species assessed. Here, we aim to fill current knowledge gaps about the importance of drivers of global extinction risks by focusing on endemic species.Location:Global.Methods:We examined country-level variation in the proportion of globally threatened and extinct endemic species (Index of Threat, IoT) with a range of spatially explicit information about anthropogenic pressures, mitigation measures and data limitations.Results:IoT coincided with several anthropogenic pressures, with substantial differences among kingdoms, life-forms, levels of extinction risk and geographic locations. IoT of plants, particularly tropical woody plants of moderate extinction risk, was higher in countries with higher GDP and more invasive species. Furthermore, IoT of animals, particularly tropical mammals and invertebrates of moderate extinction risk, was higher in countries with higher GDP and smaller roadless areas.Main conclusions:The extinction crisis for endemic species is associated with a complex network of potential drivers that need to be considered in concert in conservation policy and practice. Although our results require careful interpretation and remain sensitive to data limitations, we encourage similar studies at smaller scales to identify potential drivers of extinction risk at a higher resolution, particularly in regions where species assessments have been conducted consistently or on organisms with a uniform response time to pressures. published
Published: 2021
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6. Light availability and land‐use history drive biodiversity and functional changes in forest herb layer communities

Author: Simon M. Smart, Michael P. Perring, Jan den Ouden, Dries Landuyt, Karol Ujházy, Thilo Heinken, Janusz Czerepko, Jörg Brunet, Radim Hédl, Emiel De Lombaerde, Steffi Heinrichs, Guillaume Decocq, Déborah Closset-Kopp, Guntis Brūmelis, Martin Kopecký, Haben Blondeel, Radosław Gawryś, Kris Verheyen, Sybryn L. Maes, Monika Wulf, Wolfgang Schmidt, František Máliš, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Leen Depauw, Martin Macek, Ilze Liepiņa, Werner Härdtle, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), The University of Western Australia (UWA), University of Latvia (LU), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instytut Badawczy Leśnictwa, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Palacky University Olomouc, University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University of Warsaw (UW), Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Technical University in Zvolen (TUZVO), Laboratoire de cristallographie et sciences des matériaux (CRISMAT), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NERC Centre of Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), and Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Environmental change, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], LEAF-AREA, DIVERSITY, Biodiversity, biodiversity measures, Climate change, INDICATOR VALUES, Plant Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, forest canopy features, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, PLANT-COMMUNITIES, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 2. Zero hunger, Forest floor, LIMITATION, atmospheric depositions, Ecology, SPECIES RICHNESS, resurvey, Biology and Life Sciences, Temperate forest, Global change, post-agricultural forests, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, NITROGEN, climate change, TEMPERATE FOREST, Ecosystems Research, 13. Climate action, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Species evenness, VEGETATION, Species richness, RESPONSES, functional signature, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; A central challenge of today's ecological research is predicting how ecosystems will develop under future global change. Accurate predictions are complicated by (a) simultaneous effects of different drivers, such as climate change, nitrogen deposition and management changes; and (b) legacy effects from previous land use. We tested whether herb layer biodiversity (i.e. richness, Shannon diversity and evenness) and functional (i.e. herb cover, specific leaf area [SLA] and plant height) responses to environmental change drivers depended on land-use history. We used resurvey data from 192 plots across nineteen European temperate forest regions, with large spatial variability in environmental change factors. We tested for interactions between land-use history, distinguishing ancient and recent (i.e. post-agricultural) forests and four drivers: temperature, nitrogen deposition, and aridity at the regional scale and light dynamics at the plot-scale. Land-use history significantly modulated global change effects on the functional signature of the herb layer (i.e. cover, SLA and plant height). Light availability was the main environmental driver of change interacting with land-use history. We found greater herb cover and plant height decreases and SLA increases with decreasing light availability in ancient than in recent forests. Furthermore, we found greater decreases in herb cover with increased nitrogen deposition in ancient forests, whereas warming had the strongest decreasing effect on the herb cover in recent forests. Interactive effects between land-use history and global change on biodiversity were not found, but species evenness increased more in ancient than in recent forests. Synthesis. Our results demonstrate that land-use history should not be overlooked when predicting forest herb layer responses to global change. Moreover, we found that herb layer composition in semi-natural deciduous forests is mainly controlled by local canopy characteristics, regulating light levels at the forest floor, and much less by environmental changes at the regional scale (here: warming, nitrogen deposition and aridity). The observed disconnect between biodiversity and functional herb layer responses to environmental changes demonstrates the importance of assessing both types of responses to increase our understanding of the possible impact of global change on the herb layer.
Published: 2020
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7. Co-localised phosphorus mobilization processes in the rhizosphere of field-grown maize jointly contribute to plant nutrition

Author: Michael Santangeli, Eva Oburger, Gabrielle Daudin, Isabelle Bertrand, Doris Vetterlein, Walter W. Wenzel, Jakob Santner, Sandra Spielvogel, Bahar S. Razavi, Eva Lippold, Nataliya Bilyera, Christina Hummel, Steffen Schlüter, Xuechen Zhang, Christian-Albrechts University of Kiel, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Department Soil System Science [UFZ Leipzig], Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Soil zymography, Soil Science, chemistry.chemical_element, Root hair, Diffusive gradients in thin films (DGT), 01 natural sciences, Microbiology, Planar pH optodes, Soil pH, Soil texture, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Root hairs, Root cap, 2. Zero hunger, Rhizosphere, biology, Phosphorus, Acid phosphatase, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Horticulture, Root window, chemistry, Loam, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, biology.protein, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Plant nutrition, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Understanding phosphorus (P) dynamics in the rhizosphere is crucial for sustainable crop production. P mobilization processes in the rhizosphere include the release of plant and microbially-derived protons and extracellular phosphatases. We investigated the effect of root hairs and soil texture on the spatial distribution and intensity of P mobilizing processes in the rhizosphere of Zea mays L. root-hair defective mutant (rth3) and wildtype (WT) grown in two substrates (loam, sand). We applied 2D-chemical imaging methods in custom-designed root windows installed in the field to visualize soil pH (optodes), acid phosphatase activity (zymography), and labile P and Mn fluxes (diffusive gradients in thin films, DGT). The average rhizosphere extent for phosphatase activity and pH was greater in sand than in loam, while the presence of root-hairs had no impact. Acidification was significantly stronger at young root tissue (4 cm from root cap) and stronger in WT than rth3. Accompanied with stronger acidification, higher P flux was observed mainly around young, actively growing root tissues for both genotypes. Our results indicate that acidification was linked to root growth and created a pH optimum for acid phosphatase activity, i.e., mineralization of organic P, especially at young root tissues which are major sites of P uptake. Both genotypes grew better in loam than in sand; however, the presence of root hairs generally resulted in higher shoot P concentrations and greater shoot biomass of WT compared to rth3. We conclude that soil substrate had a larger impact on the extent and intensity of P solubilization processes in the rhizosphere of maize than the presence of root hairs. For the first time, we combined 2D-imaging of soil pH, phosphatase activity, and nutrient gradients in the field and demonstrated a novel approach of stepwise data integration revealing the interplay of various P solubilizing processes in situ.
Published: 2022
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8. Uncovering the critical soil moisture thresholds of plant water stress for European ecosystems

Author: Zheng Fu, Philippe Ciais, David Makowski, Ana Bastos, Paul C. Stoy, Andreas Ibrom, Alexander Knohl, Mirco Migliavacca, Matthias Cuntz, Ladislav Šigut, Matthias Peichl, Denis Loustau, Tarek S. El‐Madany, Nina Buchmann, Mana Gharun, Ivan Janssens, Christian Markwitz, Thomas Grünwald, Corinna Rebmann, Meelis Mölder, Andrej Varlagin, Ivan Mammarella, Pasi Kolari, Christian Bernhofer, Michal Heliasz, Caroline Vincke, Andrea Pitacco, Edoardo Cremonese, Lenka Foltýnová, Jean‐Pierre Wigneron, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Mathématiques et Informatique Appliquées (MIA Paris-Saclay), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Global Change Research Centre (CzechGlobe), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), University of Antwerp (UA), Institute of Hydrology and Meteorology [Dresden], Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science [Lund], Lund University [Lund], A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Centre for Environmental and Climate Research [Lund] (CEC), Earth and Life Institute [Louvain-La-Neuve] (ELI), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), Funding information European Research Council Synergy project, Grant/Award Number: SyG2013-610028, European Project: 610028,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2013-SyG,IMBALANCE-P(2014), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: surface energy partitioning, critical soil moisture threshold, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Gross primary production, Surface energy partitioning, 0207 environmental engineering, drought, 02 engineering and technology, Forests, 01 natural sciences, Vapor pressure deficit, Soil, Europe, evaporative fraction, gross primary production, vapor pressure deficit, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 020701 environmental engineering, Evaporative fraction, Biology, Ecosystem, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, SDG 15 - Life on Land, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, Dehydration, Ecology, Drought, 15. Life on land, Droughts, Chemistry, 13. Climate action, Critical soil moisture threshold
Abstract: Understanding the critical soil moisture (SM) threshold (θcrit) of plant water stress and land surface energy partitioning is a basis to evaluate drought impacts and improve models for predicting future ecosystem condition and climate. Quantifying the θcrit across biomes and climates is challenging because observations of surface energy fluxes and SM remain sparse. Here, we used the latest database of eddy covariance measurements to estimate θcrit across Europe by evaluating evaporative fraction (EF)-SM relationships and investigating the covariance between vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and gross primary production (GPP) during SM dry-down periods. We found that the θcrit and soil matric potential threshold in Europe are 16.5% and −0.7 MPa, respectively. Surface energy partitioning characteristics varied among different vegetation types; EF in savannas had the highest sensitivities to SM in water-limited stage, and the lowest in forests. The sign of the covariance between daily VPD and GPP consistently changed from positive to negative during dry-down across all sites when EF shifted from relatively high to low values. This sign of the covariance changed after longer period of SM decline in forests than in grasslands and savannas. Estimated θcrit from the VPD–GPP covariance method match well with the EF–SM method, showing this covariance method can be used to detect the θcrit. We further found that soil texture dominates the spatial variability of θcrit while shortwave radiation and VPD are the major drivers in determining the spatial pattern of EF sensitivities. Our results highlight for the first time that the sign change of the covariance between daily VPD and GPP can be used as an indicator of how ecosystems transition from energy to SM limitation. We also characterized the corresponding θcrit and its drivers across diverse ecosystems in Europe, an essential variable to improve the representation of water stress in land surface models., Global Change Biology, 28 (6), ISSN:1354-1013, ISSN:1365-2486
Published: 2022
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9. High variation in hydraulic efficiency but not xylem safety between roots and branches in four temperate broad‐leaved tree species

Author: Torben Lübbe, Laurent J. Lamarque, Sylvain Delzon, José M. Torres Ruiz, Régis Burlett, Christoph Leuschner, Bernhard Schuldt, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire de Physique et Physiologie Intégratives de l’Arbre en environnement Fluctuant (PIAF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], University of Würzburg = Universität Würzburg, German Research Foundation (DFG) - DFG GRK 1086Bordeaux International Post-Doctoral Program - UB101 CR1024-R s/CR 1024-6M, ANR-10-LABX-0045,COTE,COntinental To coastal Ecosystems: evolution, adaptability and governance(2010), ANR-10-EQPX-0016,XYLOFOREST,Plateforme d'Innovation ' Forêt-Bois-Fibre-Biomasse du Futur '(2010), European Project: FP7-339728, and Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0303 health sciences, vulnerability curve, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, wood density, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, ddc:570, embolism resistance, wood anatomy, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, hydraulic architecture, vessel tapering, flow path, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, hydraulic conductivity, 030304 developmental biology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; 1. Xylem hydraulic safety and efficiency are key traits determining tree fitness in a warmer and drier world. While numerous plant hydraulic studies have focused on branches, our understanding of root hydraulic functioning remains limited, although roots control water uptake, influence stomatal regulation and have commonly been considered as the most vulnerable organ along the hydraulic pathway.2. We investigated 11 traits related to xylem safety and efficiency along the hydraulic pathway in four temperate broad-leaved tree species.3. Continuous vessel tapering from coarse roots to stems and branches caused considerable reduction in hydraulic efficiency. Wood density was always lowest in roots, but did not decline linearly along the flow path. In contrast, xylem embolism resistance (P-50) did not differ significantly between roots and branches, except for one species. The limited variation in xylem safety between organs did not adequately reflect the corresponding reductions in vessel diameter (by similar to 70%) and hydraulic efficiency (by similar to 85%). Although we did not observe any trade-off between xylem safety and specific conductivity, vessel diameter, vessel lumen fraction and wood density were related to embolism resistance, both across and partly within organs.4. We conclude that coarse roots are not highly vulnerable to xylem embolism as commonly believed, indicating that hydraulic failure during soil drying might be restricted to fine roots. A free Plain Language Summary can be found within the Supporting Information of this article.
Published: 2021
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10. Directional turnover towards larger-ranged plants over time and across habitats

Author: Ingmar R. Staude, Henrique M. Pereira, Gergana N. Daskalova, Markus Bernhardt‐Römermann, Martin Diekmann, Harald Pauli, Hans Van Calster, Mark Vellend, Anne D. Bjorkman, Jörg Brunet, Pieter De Frenne, Radim Hédl, Ute Jandt, Jonathan Lenoir, Isla H. Myers‐Smith, Kris Verheyen, Sonja Wipf, Monika Wulf, Christopher Andrews, Peter Barančok, Elena Barni, José‐Luis Benito‐Alonso, Jonathan Bennie, Imre Berki, Volker Blüml, Markéta Chudomelová, Guillaume Decocq, Jan Dick, Thomas Dirnböck, Tomasz Durak, Ove Eriksson, Brigitta Erschbamer, Bente Jessen Graae, Thilo Heinken, Fride Høistad Schei, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Martin Kopecký, Thomas Kudernatsch, Martin Macek, Marek Malicki, František Máliš, Ottar Michelsen, Tobias Naaf, Thomas A. Nagel, Adrian C. Newton, Lena Nicklas, Ludovica Oddi, Adrienne Ortmann‐Ajkai, Andrej Palaj, Alessandro Petraglia, Petr Petřík, Remigiusz Pielech, Francesco Porro, Mihai Puşcaş, Kamila Reczyńska, Christian Rixen, Wolfgang Schmidt, Tibor Standovár, Klaus Steinbauer, Krzysztof Świerkosz, Balázs Teleki, Jean‐Paul Theurillat, Pavel Dan Turtureanu, Tudor‐Mihai Ursu, Thomas Vanneste, Philippine Vergeer, Ondřej Vild, Luis Villar, Pascal Vittoz, Manuela Winkler, Lander Baeten, Seabloom, Eric, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, University of Edinburgh, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], University of Bremen, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Département de biologie [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), University of Gothenburg (GU), Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Palacky University Olomouc, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Institute of Landscape Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology [University of Turin], Università degli studi di Torino = University of Turin (UNITO), Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Jolube Consultor Botánico, University of Exeter, Institute of Environmental and Earth Sciences [Sopron] (NRRC), University of West Hungary [Sopron], University of Osnabrueck, Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Umweltbundesamt GmbH = Environment Agency Austria, Rzeszow University of Technology, Stockholm University, Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), University of Warsaw (UW), Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Bayerische Landesanstalt für Wald und Forstwirtschaft - Bavarian State Institute of Forestry (LWF), Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Technical University in Zvolen (TUZVO), University of Ljubljana, Bournemouth University [Poole] (BU), University of Pecs, Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR), University of Wrocław [Poland] (UWr), AGH University of Science and Technology [Krakow, PL] (AGH UST), Università degli Studi di Pavia = University of Pavia (UNIPV), Babes-Bolyai University [Cluj-Napoca] (UBB), Laboratoire de cristallographie et sciences des matériaux (CRISMAT), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE), University of Debrecen Egyetem [Debrecen], Centre alpien de Phytogéographie (CAP), Fondation Jean-Marcel Aubert, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), and Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, sprememba habitata, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], DIVERSITY, NICHE BREADTH, species turnover, LOCAL BIODIVERSITY CHANGE, Forests, rastline, 01 natural sciences, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Grassland, Plants, GLORIA, alpine, biodiversity change, forest, forestREplot, grassland, homogenization, resurvey, winner and loser species, R PACKAGE, razširjenost, Ecology, SPECIES RICHNESS, grassland homogenization, PE&RC, habitat change, resurvey winner and loser species, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, ABUNDANCE, Evolution, POSITIVE INTERACTIONS, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, INDICATOR VALUES, 010603 evolutionary biology, Ecology and Environment, Behavior and Systematics, udc:630*18, species displacements, habitats, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, NITROGEN DEPOSITION, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Biology and Life Sciences, 15. Life on land, SIZE, premiki vrst
Abstract: International audience; Species turnover is ubiquitous. However, it remains unknown whether certain types of species are consistently gained or lost across different habitats. Here, we analysed the trajectories of 1827 plant species over time intervals of up to 78 years at 141 sites across mountain summits, forests, and lowland grasslands in Europe. We found, albeit with relatively small effect sizes, displacements of smaller- by larger-ranged species across habitats. Communities shifted in parallel towards more nutrient-demanding species, with species from nutrient-rich habitats having larger ranges. Because these species are typically strong competitors, declines of smaller-ranged species could reflect not only abiotic drivers of global change, but also biotic pressure from increased competition. The ubiquitous component of turnover based on species range size we found here may partially reconcile findings of no net loss in local diversity with global species loss, and link community-scale turnover to macroecological processes such as biotic homogenisation.
Published: 2021
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11. Tradeoffs and Synergies in Tropical Forest Root Traits and Dynamics for Nutrient and Water Acquisition: Field and Modeling Advances

Author: Daniela Francis Cusack, Shalom D. Addo-Danso, Elizabeth A. Agee, Kelly M. Andersen, Marie Arnaud, Sarah A. Batterman, Francis Q. Brearley, Mark I. Ciochina, Amanda L. Cordeiro, Caroline Dallstream, Milton H. Diaz-Toribio, Lee H. Dietterich, Joshua B. Fisher, Katrin Fleischer, Claire Fortunel, Lucia Fuchslueger, Nathaly R. Guerrero-Ramírez, Martyna M. Kotowska, Laynara Figueiredo Lugli, César Marín, Lindsay A. McCulloch, Jean-Luc Maeght, Dan Metcalfe, Richard J. Norby, Rafael S. Oliveira, Jennifer S. Powers, Tatiana Reichert, Stuart W. Smith, Chris M. Smith-Martin, Fiona M. Soper, Laura Toro, Maria N. Umaña, Oscar Valverde-Barrantes, Monique Weemstra, Leland K. Werden, Michelle Wong, Cynthia L. Wright, Stuart Joseph Wright, Daniela Yaffar, Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), CSIR- Forestry Research Institute of Ghana, Tree Improvement and seed Technology Division, UST, Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], Laboratoire Environnement Ressources des Pertuis Charentais (LERPC), LITTORAL (LITTORAL), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), University of Birmingham [Birmingham], Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Chapman University, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Vienna [Vienna], Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, National Institute of Amazonian Research (INPA), Manaus, Brazil, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Brown University, Cary Institute of Ecosystem Studies, Asian School of the Environment, Laboratoire Environnement Ressources des Pertuis Charentais (LER/PC), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), University of California, and University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, tropical forest, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Uptake, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Base cations, Tropical Forest, GE1-350, resource limitation, phosphorus, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Drying, 2. Zero hunger, Ekologi, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, Drought, Forestry, Geography [Social sciences], Phosphorus, 15. Life on land, SD1-669.5, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, vegetation models, Resource limitation, ddc, Environmental sciences, Vegetation models, Fertility, uptake, base cations, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Forests and Global Change, fertility, drought
Abstract: Vegetation processes are fundamentally limited by nutrient and water availability, the uptake of which is mediated by plant roots in terrestrial ecosystems. While tropical forests play a central role in global water, carbon, and nutrient cycling, we know very little about tradeoffs and synergies in root traits that respond to resource scarcity. Tropical trees face a unique set of resource limitations, with rock-derived nutrients and moisture seasonality governing many ecosystem functions, and nutrient versus water availability often separated spatially and temporally. Root traits that characterize biomass, depth distributions, production and phenology, morphology, physiology, chemistry, and symbiotic relationships can be predictive of plants’ capacities to access and acquire nutrients and water, with links to aboveground processes like transpiration, wood productivity, and leaf phenology. In this review, we identify an emerging trend in the literature that tropical fine root biomass and production in surface soils are greatest in infertile or sufficiently moist soils. We also identify interesting paradoxes in tropical forest root responses to changing resources that merit further exploration. For example, specific root length, which typically increases under resource scarcity to expand the volume of soil explored, instead can increase with greater base cation availability, both across natural tropical forest gradients and in fertilization experiments. Also, nutrient additions, rather than reducing mycorrhizal colonization of fine roots as might be expected, increased colonization rates under scenarios of water scarcity in some forests. Efforts to include fine root traits and functions in vegetation models have grown more sophisticated over time, yet there is a disconnect between the emphasis in models characterizing nutrient and water uptake rates and carbon costs versus the emphasis in field experiments on measuring root biomass, production, and morphology in response to changes in resource availability. Closer integration of field and modeling efforts could connect mechanistic investigation of fine-root dynamics to ecosystem-scale understanding of nutrient and water cycling, allowing us to better predict tropical forest-climate feedbacks. Published version The U.S. Department of Energy Office of Biological and Environmental Research (DOE-BER), Terrestrial Ecosystem Science program supported this research under Early Career Award Number DESC0015898 to DFC, and DE-SC0008317 and DE-SC0016188 to JF and the NGEE-Tropics program support for EA, CW, and DY. JF contributed in part at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, under contract with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, California Institute of Technology. NG-R was supported by the Dorothea Schlözer Postdoctoral Programme of the Georg-August-Universität Goettingen. The Royal Society Leverhulme Africa Postdoctoral Fellowships. Grant No. LAF\R1\180025 provided funding to SA-D. Amazon FACE/CAPES grant 88887.154643/2017-00 provided support for LL. The US National Science Foundation (DEB-2016678) funded MU. European Union Horizon 2020 under the Mari Skłodovska-Curie grant agreement (No. 847693, REWIRE) provided funding to LF. Data storage and some synthesis activities were supported as part of the Next Generation Ecosystem Experiments – Tropics, funded by DOE-BER. National Science Foundation Research Coordination Grant INCyTE: DEB-1754126 to investigate nutrient cycling in terrestrial ecosystems. United Kingdom Natural Environment Research Council (NE/M019497/1, NE/S009663/1) and The Leverhulme Trust supported SAB.
Published: 2021
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12. The global loss of floristic uniqueness

Author: Qiang Yang, Patrick Weigelt, Trevor S. Fristoe, Zhijie Zhang, Holger Kreft, Anke Stein, Hanno Seebens, Wayne Dawson, Franz Essl, Christian König, Bernd Lenzner, Jan Pergl, Robin Pouteau, Petr Pyšek, Marten Winter, Aleksandr L. Ebel, Nicol Fuentes, Eduardo L. H. Giehl, John Kartesz, Pavel Krestov, Toomas Kukk, Misako Nishino, Andrey Kupriyanov, Jose Luis Villaseñor, Jan J. Wieringa, Abida Zeddam, Elena Zykova, Mark van Kleunen, University of Konstanz, University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Duke University [Durham], University of Vienna [Vienna], University of Potsdam, Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Tomsk State University [Tomsk], Departamento de Botanica, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Oceanograficas, Universidad de Concepción [Chile], Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina = Federal University of Santa Catarina [Florianópolis] (UFSC), Biota of North America Program (BONAP), Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Naturalis Biodiversity Centre, Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Taizhou University, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Durham University, University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Universidad de Concepción - University of Concepcion [Chile], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), and Naturalis Biodiversity Center [Leiden]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Science, Climate, General Physics and Astronomy, biogeography, ecology, loss of uniqueness, global flora, naturalization of alien plants, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, ddc:570, Macroecology, Ecosystem, Phylogeny, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, General Chemistry, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Plants, Biogeography, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Introduced Species
Abstract: Regional species assemblages have been shaped by colonization, speciation and extinction over millions of years. Humans have altered biogeography by introducing species to new ranges. However, an analysis of how strongly naturalized plant species (i.e. alien plants that have established self-sustaining populations) affect the taxonomic and phylogenetic uniqueness of regional floras globally is still missing. Here, we present such an analysis with data from native and naturalized alien floras in 658 regions around the world. We find strong taxonomic and phylogenetic floristic homogenization overall, and that the natural decline in floristic similarity with increasing geographic distance is weakened by naturalized species. Floristic homogenization increases with climatic similarity, which emphasizes the importance of climate matching in plant naturalization. Moreover, floristic homogenization is greater between regions with current or past administrative relationships, indicating that being part of the same country as well as historical colonial ties facilitate floristic exchange, most likely due to more intensive trade and transport between such regions. Our findings show that naturalization of alien plants threatens taxonomic and phylogenetic uniqueness of regional floras globally. Unless more effective biosecurity measures are implemented, it is likely that with ongoing globalization, even the most distant regions will lose their floristic uniqueness., Humans have altered plant biogeography by introducing species from one region to another, but an analysis of how naturalized plant species affect the uniqueness of regional floras around the world was missing. This study presents an analysis using data from native and naturalized alien floras in 658 regions, finding strong taxonomic and phylogenetic floristic homogenization overall.
Published: 2021
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13. Potential alien ranges of European plants will shrink in the future, but less so for already naturalized than for not yet naturalized species

Author: Carsten Hobohm, Florian Jansen, Petr Pyšek, Idoia Biurrun, Trevor S. Fristoe, Mark van Kleunen, Milan Chytrý, Robin Pouteau, Carsten Meyer, Thomas Wohlgemuth, Wilfried Thuiller, Rense Haveman, Jan Pergl, Jens-Christian Svenning, Caroline Brunel, Franz Essl, Qiang Yang, Wayne Dawson, Jesper Erenskjold Moeslund, Bernd Lenzner, Jonathan Lenoir, Patrick Weigelt, Holger Kreft, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), Taizhou University, Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Durham University, University of Vienna [Vienna], University of Konstanz, Europa-Universität Flensburg, University of Rostock, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig University, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Charles University [Prague] (CU), Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA ), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, University of the Basque Country [Bizkaia] (UPV/EHU), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Duke University [Durham], University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Vascular plant, land use change, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, distributional range shift, Range (biology), shifts, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Species distribution, Biome, biological invasions, Climate change, Alien, migration, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, flora, ecological-niche, topography, invasions, vegetation, ddc:570, alien plant species, interacting effect of global changes, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Macroecology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, CLIMATE-CHANGE, biology, Ecology, species distribution model, Alien plant species, biological invasions, climate change, distributional range shift, interacting effect of global changes, land use change, macroecology, migration, non-analogue climate, species distribution model, prediction, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, distribution models, uncertainties, Defensie, non-analogue climate, Geography, climate change, 13. Climate action, Alien plant species, macroecology, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Global biodiversity
Abstract: Aims The rapid increase in the number of species that have naturalized beyond their native range is among the most apparent features of the Anthropocene. How alien species will respond to other processes of future global changes is an emerging concern and remains poorly misunderstood. We therefore ask whether naturalized species will respond to climate and land use change differently than those species not yet naturalized anywhere in the world. Location Global. Methods We investigated future changes in the potential alien range of vascular plant species endemic to Europe that are either naturalized (n = 272) or not yet naturalized (1,213) outside of Europe. Potential ranges were estimated based on projections of species distribution models using 20 future climate-change scenarios. We mapped current and future global centres of naturalization risk. We also analysed expected changes in latitudinal, elevational and areal extent of species' potential alien ranges. Results We showed a large potential for more worldwide naturalizations of European plants currently and in the future. The centres of naturalization risk for naturalized and non-naturalized plants largely overlapped, and their location did not change much under projected future climates. Nevertheless, naturalized plants had their potential range shifting poleward over larger distances, whereas the non-naturalized ones had their potential elevational ranges shifting further upslope under the most severe climate change scenarios. As a result, climate and land use changes are predicted to shrink the potential alien range of European plants, but less so for already naturalized than for non-naturalized species. Main conclusions While currently non-naturalized plants originate frequently from mountain ranges or boreal and Mediterranean biomes in Europe, the naturalized ones usually occur at low elevations, close to human centres of activities. As the latter are expected to increase worldwide, this could explain why the potential alien range of already naturalized plants will shrink less. We thank Marten Winter (iDiv, Germany) and all who contributed to the GloNAF and EVA databases without whom this work would not have been possible. Robin Pouteau was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 31901176) and Taizhou University (2018YQ001). Idoia Biurrun was supported by the Basque Government (IT936-16). Milan Chytry was supported by the Czech Science Foundation (19-28491X). Franz Essl and Bernd Lenzner appreciate funding by the Austrian Science Foundation FWF (I2086-B16). Carsten Meyer acknowledges funding by the Volkswagen Foundation through a Freigeist Fellowship (A118199), and additional support by iDiv, funded by the German Research Foundation (DFG-FZT 118, 202548816). Petr Pysek and Jan Pergl were supported by EXPRO grant (19-28807X) of the Czech Science Foundation and long-term research development project RVO (67985939) of Czech Academy of Sciences. Jens-Christian Svenning considers this work a contribution to his VILLUM Investigator project "Biodiversity Dynamics in a Changing World" funded by VILLUM FONDEN (16549). We appreciate the helpful comments by three anonymous reviewers and the Handling Editor, Raimundo Real.
Published: 2021
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14. An integrated framework of plant form and function: The belowground perspective

Author: Joana Bergmann, Marina Semchenko, Helge Bruelheide, Colleen M. Iversen, Jasper van Ruijven, Liesje Mommer, Jens Kattge, Karl Andraczek, Christopher J. Sweeney, Oscar J. Valverde-Barrantes, Alexandra Weigelt, Daniel C. Laughlin, Francesco Maria Sabatini, Thomas W. Kuyper, Fons van der Plas, M. Luke McCormack, Nathaly R. Guerrero-Ramírez, Catherine Roumet, Hendrik Poorter, Ina C. Meier, Grégoire T. Freschet, Larry M. York, Ying Fan, Weigelt A., Mommer L., Andraczek K., Iversen C.M., Bergmann J., Bruelheide H., Fan Y., Freschet G.T., Guerrero-Ramirez N.R., Kattge J., Kuyper T.W., Laughlin D.C., Meier I.C., van der Plas F., Poorter H., Roumet C., van Ruijven J., Sabatini F.M., Semchenko M., Sweeney C.J., Valverde-Barrantes O.J., York L.M., McCormack M.L., Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Leipzig University, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, University of Wyoming (UW), Universität Hamburg (UHH), IBG-2, Institute for Bio and Geosciences, Macquarie University, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Manchester [Manchester], University of Tartu, Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Noble Research Institute, and ANR-10-LABX-0041,TULIP,Towards a Unified theory of biotic Interactions: the roLe of environmental(2010)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Specific leaf area, Physiology, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Plant Science, Tissue density, Biology, economic gradient, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Root length, Form and function, functional plant strategies, collaboration gradient, Ecosystem, Plant traits, conservation gradient, Bodembiologie, 030304 developmental biology, trade-off, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, Soil Biology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, 15. Life on land, Plants, PE&RC, Plant Leaves, functional plant strategie, ddc:580, trade-offs, Phenotype, Community composition, Trait, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, trait economic, plant size, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Plant Leave, trait economics
Abstract: International audience; Plant trait variation drives plant function, community composition, and ecosystem processes. However, our current understanding of trait variation disproportionately relies on aboveground observations. Here we integrate root traits into the global framework of plant form and function. We developed and tested an overarching conceptual framework that integrates two recently identified root trait gradients with a well-established aboveground plant trait framework. We confronted our novel framework with published relationships between above- and belowground trait analogues and with multivariate analyses of aboveground and belowground traits of 2510 species. Our traits represent the leaf- and root conservation gradients (specific leaf area, leaf and root nitrogen concentration and root tissue density), the root collaboration gradient (root diameter and specific root length), and the plant size gradient (plant height and rooting depth). We found that an integrated, whole-plant trait space required as much as four axes. The two main axes represented the fast-slow ‘conservation’ gradient on which leaf and fine-root traits were well aligned, and the ‘collaboration’ gradient in roots. The two additional axes were separate, orthogonal plant size axes for height and rooting depth. This perspective on the multi-dimensional nature of plant trait variation better encompasses plant function and influence on the surrounding environment.
Published: 2021
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15. Method comparison of indirect assessments of understory leaf area index (LAIu): A case study across the extended network of ICOS forest ecosystem sites in Europe

Author: Wei Yang, Jan Pisek, Corinna Rebmann, Jan-Peter George, Andreas Ibrom, Silvano Fares, Francisco Ramón López Serrano, Caroline Vincke, Giacomo Gerosa, Michael Heliasz, Thomas Grünwald, Holger Lange, Jean-Marc Limousin, Meelis Mölder, Bart Kruijt, Johannes Neirynck, A. Carrara, Hideki Kobayashi, Matthias Cuntz, Matthias Peichl, Kamel Soudani, Denis Loustau, Leonardo Montagnani, Marius Schmidt, Niklas Hase, Petr Lukes, Edoardo Cremonese, Riccardo Marzuoli, Tobias Biermann, Alexander Knohl, Tartu Observatory, Chiba University, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology (JAMSTEC), Lund University [Lund], Fundacion CEAM, Universidad de Alicante, Aosta Valley Regional Environmental Protection Agency (ARPA), SILVA (SILVA), AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Brescia] (Unicatt), Technische Universität Dresden = Dresden University of Technology (TU Dresden), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Global Change Research Institute, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, ETSIAM Campus Rabanales, Universidad de Cordoba, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), This study was supported from Estonian Research Council Grant PUT1355 and Mobilitas Pluss MOBERC11. Field campaign at Brasschaat site was funded by the Transnational Access scheme of eLTER (Horizon 2020 project grant agreement no. 654359)., UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Global Change Research Centre (CzechGlobe), Universidad de Córdoba = University of Córdoba [Córdoba], University of Tartu, ARPA VALLE D'AOSTA SAINT CHRISTOPHE ITA, Partenaires IRSTEA, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), CNR – National Research Council, Rome, Università cattolica del Sacro Cuore [Milano] (Unicatt), Université de Goettingen, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Montpellier, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague, Czech Republic] (MBU / CAS), and Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Evolution, NDVI, General Decision Sciences, Understory layer, 010501 environmental sciences, Fjernmåling, Atmospheric sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Normalized Difference Vegetation Index, Behavior and Systematics, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, Forest ecology, SDG 13 - Climate Action, Simple ratio, ddc:630, Ecosystem, Leaf area index, Settore FIS/06 - FISICA PER IL SISTEMA TERRA E IL MEZZO CIRCUMTERRESTRE, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, QH540-549.5, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Diversity, WIMEK, Ecology, Fractional vegetation cover, Earth-monitoring satellites, Biosphere, Understory, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Remote sensing, Ecological indicator, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, Water Systems and Global Change, Jordobservasjon fra satellitter, Forest background reflectivity
Abstract: Leaf area index (LAI) is a key ecological indicator for describing the structure of canopies and for modelling energy exchange between atmosphere and biosphere. While LAI of the forest overstory can be accurately assessed over large spatial scales via remote sensing, LAI of the forest understory (LAIu) is still largely ignored in ecological studies and ecosystem modelling due to the fact that it is often too complex to be destructively sampled or approximated by other site parameters. Additionally, so far only few attempts have been made to retrieve understory LAI via remote sensing, because dense canopies with high LAI are often hindering retrieval algorithms to produce meaningful estimates for understory LAI. Consequently, the forest understory still constitutes a poorly investigated research realm impeding ecological studies to properly account for its contribution to the energy absorption capacity of forest stands. This study aims to compare three conceptually different indirect retrieval methodologies for LAIu over a diverse panel of forest understory types distributed across Europe. For this we carried out near-to-surface measurements of understory reflectance spectra as well as digital surface photography over the extended network of Integrated Carbon Observation System (ICOS) forest ecosystem sites. LAIu was assessed by exploiting the empirical relationship between vegetation cover and light absorption (Beer-Lambert- Bouguer law) as well as by utilizing proposed relationships with two prominent vegetation indices: normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and simple ratio (SR). Retrievals from the three methods were significantly correlated with each other (r = 0.63–0.99, RMSE = 0.53–0.72), but exhibited also significant bias depending on the LAI scale. The NDVI based retrieval approach most likely overestimates LAI at productive sites when LAIu > 2, while the simple ratio algorithm overestimates LAIu at sites with sparse understory vegetation and presence of litter or bare soil. The purely empirical method based on the Beer-Lambert law of light absorption seems to offer a good compromise, since it provides reasonable LAIu values at both low and higher LAI ranges. Surprisingly, LAIu variation among sites seems to be largely decoupled from differences in climate and light permeability of the overstory, but significantly increased with vegetation diversity (expressed as species richness) and hence proposes new applications of LAIu in ecological modelling.
Published: 2021
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16. Root traits explain plant species distributions along climatic gradients yet challenge the nature of ecological trade-offs

Author: Oscar J. Valverde-Barrantes, Jasper van Ruijven, M. Luke McCormack, Ülo Niinemets, Hendrik Poorter, Renata Ćušterevska, Jonathan Lenoir, Ina C. Meier, Marco Schmidt, Fons van der Plas, Peter B. Reich, Grégoire T. Freschet, Francesco Maria Sabatini, Joana Bergmann, Thomas W. Kuyper, Jens Kattge, Catherine Roumet, Marina Semchenko, Josep Peñuelas, Isabelle Aubin, Gregory Richard Guerin, Wim A. Ozinga, Chaeho Byun, Helge Bruelheide, Franziska Schrodt, Olivia R. Burge, Christopher J. Sweeney, Nathaly R. Guerrero-Ramírez, Daniel C. Laughlin, Larry M. York, Colleen M. Iversen, Robert B. Jackson, Estelle Forey, Eduardo Velázquez, Liesje Mommer, Jürgen Dengler, Tatiana Lysenko, Bruno Hérault, Dirk Nikolaus Karger, Patrick Meir, Alexandra Weigelt, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Département écologie et biodiversité des milieux forestiers, prairiaux et aquatiques (ECODIV), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), German Research Foundation, Biological and Environmental Research (US), University of Göttingen, Laughlin, Daniel C., Mommer, Liesje, Sabatini, Francesco Maria, Bruelheide, Helge, Kuyper, Thom W., McCormack, M. Luke, Bergmann, Joana, Freschet, Grégoire T., Guerrero-Ramírez, Nathaly R., Iversen, Colleen M., Kattge, Jens, Meier, Ina C., Poorter, Hendrik, Roumet, Catherine, Semchenko, Marina, Valverde-Barrantes, Oscar J., van der Plas, Fons, van Ruijven, Jasper, York, Larry M., Aubin, Isabelle, Burge, Olivia R., Byun, Chaeho, Ćušterevska, Renata, Dengler, Jürgen, Forey, Estelle, Guerin, Greg R., Hérault, Bruno, Jackson, Robert B., Karger, Dirk Nikolaus, Lenoir, Jonathan, Lysenko, Tatiana, Meir, Patrick, Niinemets, Ülo, Ozinga, Wim A., Peñuelas, Josep, Reich, Peter B., Schmidt, Marco, Schrodt, Franziska, Weigelt, Alexandra, University of Wyoming (UW), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, The Morton Arboretum, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Universität Hamburg (UHH), IBG-2, Institute for Bio and Geosciences, Macquarie University, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of Manchester [Manchester], University of Tartu, Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Leipzig University, Noble Research Institute, Great Lakes Forestry Centre, Sault Sainte Marie, Ontario, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], Andong National University, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje (UKIM), Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), University of Bayreuth, University of Adelaide, University of Queensland [Brisbane], Forêts et Sociétés (UPR Forêts et Sociétés), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Institut National Polytechnique Félix Houphouët Boigny de Yamoussoukro (INP-HB), Stanford University, Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Institut Fédéral de Recherches sur la Forêt, la Neige et le Paysage (WSL), Institut Fédéral de Recherches [Suisse], Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Australian National University (ANU), University of Edinburgh, Estonian University of Life Sciences (EMU), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, University of Minnesota System, Western Sydney University, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, University of Nottingham, UK (UON), Universidad de Valladolid [Valladolid] (UVa), Laughlin D.C., Mommer L., Sabatini F.M., Bruelheide H., Kuyper T.W., McCormack M.L., Bergmann J., Freschet G.T., Guerrero-Ramirez N.R., Iversen C.M., Kattge J., Meier I.C., Poorter H., Roumet C., Semchenko M., Sweeney C.J., Valverde-Barrantes O.J., van der Plas F., van Ruijven J., York L.M., Aubin I., Burge O.R., Byun C., Custerevska R., Dengler J., Forey E., Guerin G.R., Herault B., Jackson R.B., Karger D.N., Lenoir J., Lysenko T., Meir P., Niinemets U., Ozinga W.A., Penuelas J., Reich P.B., Schmidt M., Schrodt F., Velazquez E., and Weigelt A.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Environmental change, Range (biology), Climate, Ecophysiology, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Forests, 01 natural sciences, Système racinaire, Forest and Landscape Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Facteur du milieu, Soil Biology, PE&RC, Physiologie végétale, Phenotype, 580: Pflanzen (Botanik), Biogeography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trait, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Vegetatie, Bos- en Landschapsecologie, Écologie, F40 - Écologie végétale, Facteur écologique, F60 - Physiologie et biochimie végétale, Biogéographie, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, ddc:570, Life Science, Forest, Community ecology, 577: Ökologie, Plant Dispersal, Vegetatie, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Bodembiologie, Environmental gradient, Vegetation, Community, Directional selection, Water, 15. Life on land, Natural variation in plants, Vegetation, Forest and Landscape Ecology, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: 21 Pág. Instituto de Ciencias Forestales (ICIFOR), Ecological theory is built on trade-offs, where trait differences among species evolved as adaptations to different environments. Trade-offs are often assumed to be bidirectional, where opposite ends of a gradient in trait values confer advantages in different environments. However, unidirectional benefits could be widespread if extreme trait values confer advantages at one end of an environmental gradient, whereas a wide range of trait values are equally beneficial at the other end. Here, we show that root traits explain species occurrences along broad gradients of temperature and water availability, but model predictions only resembled trade-offs in two out of 24 models. Forest species with low specific root length and high root tissue density (RTD) were more likely to occur in warm climates but species with high specific root length and low RTD were more likely to occur in cold climates. Unidirectional benefits were more prevalent than trade-offs: for example, species with large-diameter roots and high RTD were more commonly associated with dry climates, but species with the opposite trait values were not associated with wet climates. Directional selection for traits consistently occurred in cold or dry climates, whereas a diversity of root trait values were equally viable in warm or wet climates. Explicit integration of unidirectional benefits into ecological theory is needed to advance our understanding of the consequences of trait variation on species responses to environmental change., sPlot was initiated by sDiv and funded by the German Research Foundation (FZT 118) and is now a platform of iDiv. The sRoot workshops and L.M. were also supported by NWO-Vidi grant 864.14.006. C.M.I. and the Fine-Root Ecology Database were supported by the Biological and Environmental Research program in the US Department of Energy’s Office of Science. J.B. was supported by Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG) project 432975993. N.R.G.-R. thanks the Dorothea Schlözer Postdoctoral Programme of the Georg-August-Universität.
Published: 2021
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17. Climate change impact and adaptation for wheat protein

Author: Mohamed Jabloun, Pierre Martre, Garry O'Leary, Dominique Ripoche, Bruno Basso, Pramod K. Aggarwal, Daniel Wallach, Matthew P. Reynolds, Marijn van der Velde, John R. Porter, Heidi Webber, Enli Wang, Frank Ewert, Joost Wolf, Christian Klein, Belay T. Kassie, Christian Biernath, Margarita Garcia-Vila, M. Ali Babar, Pierre Stratonovitch, Yujing Gao, Glenn J. Fitzgerald, Davide Cammarano, Bing Liu, Peter J. Thorburn, Fulu Tao, Andrew J. Challinor, Reimund P. Rötter, Christine Girousse, Zhigan Zhao, Christoph Müller, Ann-Kristin Koehler, Jørgen E. Olesen, Elias Fereres, Iwan Supit, Andrea Maiorano, Marco Bindi, Sebastian Gayler, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Giacomo De Sanctis, Alex C. Ruane, Rosella Motzo, Juraj Balkovic, Manuel Montesino San Martin, Roberto Ferrise, Mikhail A. Semenov, Claudio O. Stöckle, Soora Naresh Kumar, Gerrit Hoogenboom, Benjamin Dumont, Ehsan Eyshi Rezaei, Mukhtar Ahmed, Senthold Asseng, Thilo Streck, Yan Zhu, R. Cesar Izaurralde, Katharina Waha, Ahmed M. S. Kheir, Taru Palosuo, Liujun Xiao, Sara Minoli, Eckart Priesack, Heidi Horan, Curtis D. Jones, Francesco Giunta, Zhao Zhang, Claas Nendel, International Food Policy Research Institute (US), CGIAR (France), European Commission, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (France), National Natural Science Foundation of China, Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (Germany), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (UK), Innovation Fund Denmark, China Scholarship Council, Ministero delle Politiche Agricole Alimentari e Forestali, Academy of Finland, Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Department of Agriculture and Water Resources (Australia), University of Melbourne, Grains Research and Development Corporation (Australia), National Institute of Food and Agriculture (US), German Research Foundation, Gorgan University, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering [Gainesville] (UF|ABE), Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF)-University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), European Food Safety Authority = Autorité européenne de sécurité des aliments, Tropical Plant Production and Agricultural Systems Modelling (TROPAGS), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-use [University of Göttingen] (CBL), Department of Economic Drt and Resources, Grains Innovation Park, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Science [Melbourne], Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020]), Department of Agricultural Sciences, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, World Food Crops Breeding, Department of Agronomy, IFAS, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center (CIMMYT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Soils, Water and Environment Research Institute, Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Agriculture and Food, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), NASA Goddard Institute for Space Studies (GISS), NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre [Inde] (CIMMYT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Biological Systems Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Department of Agronomy, University of El-Tarf, Ecosystem Services and Management Program, International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Department of Soil Science, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Comenius University in Bratislava, W. K. Kellogg Biological Station (KBS), Michigan State University [East Lansing], Michigan State University System-Michigan State University System, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology, Research Center for Environmental Health, Helmholtz Zentrum München = German Research Center for Environmental Health, Department of Agri‐food Production and Environmental Sciences (DISPAA), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), The James Hutton Institute, Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (ICAS), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds-University of Leeds, Collaborative Research Program from CGIAR and Future Earth on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), International Center for Tropical Agriculture, GMO Unit, European Food Safety Authority, Department Terra & AgroBioChem, Gembloux Agro‐Bio Tech, Université de Liège, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation [Bonn] (INRES), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Department of Crop Sciences, Instituto de Agricultura Sostenible - Institute for Sustainable Agriculture (IAS CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Food Systems Institute [Gainesville] (UF|IFAS), Department of Geographical Sciences, College Park, University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, Texas A and M AgriLife Research, Texas A&M University System, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology [Neuherberg], German Research Center for Environmental Health - Helmholtz Center München (GmbH), National Engineering and Technology Center for Information Agriculture, Key Laboratory for Crop System Analysis and Decision Making, Ministry of Agriculture, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Information Agriculture, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Modern Crop Production, Nanjing Agricutural University, Member of the Leibniz Association, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences [Copenhagen], Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Centre for Environment Science and Climate Resilient Agriculture [New Delhi], Indian Agricultural Research Institute (IARI), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Fonctionnement et conduite des systèmes de culture tropicaux et méditerranéens (UMR SYSTEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), University of Lincoln, Agroclim (AGROCLIM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Rothamsted Research, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Water & Food and Water Systems & Global Change Group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institute of geographical sciences and natural resources research [CAS] (IGSNRR), Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Joint Research Centre (IPTS), Commission Européenne, AGroécologie, Innovations, teRritoires (AGIR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), CSIRO Agriculture and Food (CSIRO), Plant Production Systems, State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University (BNU), Department of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University (CAU), National Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China, Grant/Award Number: 20120097110042, International Food Policy, European Project: 267196,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2010-COFUND,AGREENSKILLS(2012), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Centre of Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University of Naples Federico II, Helmholtz-Zentrum München (HZM), Universtiy of Florence, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Natural Resources Institute Finland, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Wageningen University, Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Agricultural & Biological Engineering Department, University of Florida [Gainesville], Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University of Goettingen, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, BISA‐CIMMYT, Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research (CGIAR), Comenius University [Bratislava], Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation INRES, University of Bonn, IAS‐CSIC, Universidad de Cordoba, Institute for Sustainable Food Systems, Texas A&M AgriLife Research and Extension Center, Aarhus University, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Montpellier (CIHEAM-IAMM), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), UE Agroclim (UE AGROCLIM), UMR : AGroécologie, Innovations, TeRritoires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse, Wageningen University and Research Center (WUR), Beijing Normal University, and China Agricultural University
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Water en Voedsel, 01 natural sciences, grain protein, adaptation au milieu, climate change adaptation, climate change impact, food security, wheat, Co2 concentration, adaptation to the environment, Triticum, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, changement climatique, Global and Planetary Change, Food security, Ecology, Temperature, food and beverages, Adaptation, Physiological, Droughts, Nitrogen, Climate Change, Climate change, 010603 evolutionary biology, blé, Crop production, Food Quality, Grain quality, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Environmental Chemistry, Grain Proteins, global change, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, WIMEK, Water and Food, Global change, Carbon Dioxide, Models, Theoretical, 15. Life on land, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Grain yield, Environmental science, Water Systems and Global Change, Protein concentration
Abstract: Wheat grain protein concentration is an important determinant of wheat quality for human nutrition that is often overlooked in efforts to improve crop production. We tested and applied a 32‐multi‐model ensemble to simulate global wheat yield and quality in a changing climate. Potential benefits of elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration by 2050 on global wheat grain and protein yield are likely to be negated by impacts from rising temperature and changes in rainfall, but with considerable disparities between regions. Grain and protein yields are expected to be lower and more variable in most low‐rainfall regions, with nitrogen availability limiting growth stimulus from elevated CO2. Introducing genotypes adapted to warmer temperatures (and also considering changes in CO2 and rainfall) could boost global wheat yield by 7% and protein yield by 2%, but grain protein concentration would be reduced by −1.1 percentage points, representing a relative change of −8.6%. Climate change adaptations that benefit grain yield are not always positive for grain quality, putting additional pressure on global wheat production., B.L received support from the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) through the Global Futures and Strategic Foresight project, the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS) and the CGIAR Research Program on Wheat. A.M. received support from the EU Marie Curie FP7 COFUND People Programme, through an AgreenSkills fellowship under grant agreement no. PCOFUND‐GA‐2010‐267196. PM, A.M., D.R., and D.W. acknowledge support from the FACCE JPI MACSUR project (031A103B) through the metaprogram Adaptation of Agriculture and Forests to Climate Change (AAFCC) of the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA). L.X. and Y.Z. were supported by the National High‐Tech Research and Development Program of China (2013AA100404), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (31271616), the National Research Foundation for the Doctoral Program of Higher Education of China (20120097110042), and the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD). F.T. and Z.Z. were supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41571088, 41571493 and 31561143003). R.R. received support from the German Ministry for Research and Education (BMBF) through project SPACES‐LLL. Rothamsted Research receives support from the Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) Designing Future Wheat programme [BB/P016855/1]. M.J. and J.E.O. were supported by Innovation Fund Denmark through the MACSUR project. L.X. and Y.G. acknowledge support from the China Scholarship Council. M.B and R.F. were funded by JPI FACCE MACSUR2 through the Italian Ministry for Agricultural, Food and Forestry Policies and thank A. Soltani from Gorgan Univ. of Agric. Sci. & Natur. Resour. for his support. R.P.R., T.P., and F.T. received financial support from the FACCE MACSUR project funded through the Finnish Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MMM) and from the Academy of Finland through the projects NORFASYS (decision nos. 268277 and 292944) and PLUMES (decision nos. 277403 and 292836). K.C.K. and C.N. received support from the German Ministry for Research and Education (BMBF) within the FACCE JPI MACSUR project. S.M. and C.M. acknowledge financial support from the MACMIT project (01LN1317A) funded through BMBF. G.J.O. and G.J.F. acknowledge support from the Victorian Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, the Australian Department of Agriculture and Water Resources, The University of Melbourne and the Grains Research Development Corporation, Australia. P.K.A.'s work was implemented as part of the CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), which is carried out with support from the CGIAR Trust Fund and through bilateral funding agreements. For details please visit https://ccafs.cgiar.org/donors. The views expressed in this document cannot be taken to reflect the official opinions of these organizations.. B.B. received financial support from USDA NIFA‐Water Cap Award 2015‐68007‐23133. F.E. acknowledges support from the FACCE JPI MACSUR project through the German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (2815ERA01J) and from the German Science Foundation (project EW 119/5‐1).
Published: 2019
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18. Implications of crop model ensemble size and composition for estimates of adaptation effects and agreement of recommendations

Author: Yi Chen, Davide Cammarano, Thomas Gaiser, Jukka Höhn, Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Mikhail A. Semenov, Miroslav Trnka, Altaaf Mechiche-Alami, Benjamin Dumont, Roberto Ferrise, Fulu Tao, Timothy R. Carter, Alfredo Rodríguez, Stefan Fronzek, C. Nendel, Julien Minet, Holger Hoffmann, F. Ewert, John R. Porter, Jaromir Krzyszczak, Pierre Stratonovitch, Marco Bindi, Zacharias Steinmetz, Samuel Buis, A.J.W. de Wit, Iwan Supit, Reimund P. Rötter, Ignacio J. Lorite, František Jurečka, Marcos Lana, Manuel Montesino, Piotr Baranowski, Taru Palosuo, Margarita Ruiz-Ramos, Nina Pirttioja, P. Hlavinka, Françoise Ruget, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Instituto Andaluz de Investigación y Formación Agraria y Pesquera (IFAPA), Universtiy of Florence, Institute of Agrophysics, Polska Akademia Nauk = Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), The James Hutton Institute, Université de Liège, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Institute of Agrosystems and Bioclimatology, Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Global Change Research Institute CAS, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Department of Crop Production Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Department of Physical Geography and Ecosystem Science, Lund University, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Rothamsted Research, RIFCON GmbH, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), TROPAGS, Department of Crop Sciences, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], MACSUR01-UPM ERA73-SUSTAG-UPM ERA73-SUSTAG-IFAPA, MACSUR02-APCIN2016-00050-00-00 MULCLIVAR-CGL2012-38923-C02-02, MACSUR-D.M.24064/7303/15, PLUMES-277276 PLUMES-277403 PLUMES-292836 NORFASYS-268277 NORFASYS-292944, SustES-C2.02.1.01/0.0/0.0/16_019/0000797, LCAgri-BIOSTRATEG1/271322/3/NCBR/2015 GyroScan-BIOSTRATEG2/298782/11/NCBR/2016, SPACES-01LL1304A IMPAC<^>3-FKZ 031A351A MACSUR-031B0039C, BB/P016855/1, European Project: 603416,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2013-two-stage,IMPRESSIONS(2013), Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha = University of Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Global Change Research Centre (CzechGlobe), Lund University [Lund], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), and Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, Earth Observation and Environmental Informatics, Wheat adaptation, Uncertainty, Climate change, Decision support, Response surface, Outcome confidence, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Low Confidence, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Water en Voedsel, 01 natural sciences, Article, Crop, Statistics, Aardobservatie en omgevingsinformatica, Baseline (configuration management), Adaptation (computer science), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Local adaptation, Mathematics, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, WIMEK, Water and Food, Forestry, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, 13. Climate action, Water Systems and Global Change, Crop simulation model, Agronomy and Crop Science, Cropping, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Abstract Climate change is expected to severely affect cropping systems and food production in many parts of the world unless local adaptation can ameliorate these impacts. Ensembles of crop simulation models can be useful tools for assessing if proposed adaptation options are capable of achieving target yields, whilst also quantifying the share of uncertainty in the simulated crop impact resulting from the crop models themselves. Although some studies have analysed the influence of ensemble size on model outcomes, the effect of ensemble composition has not yet been properly appraised. Moreover, results and derived recommendations typically rely on averaged ensemble simulation results without accounting sufficiently for the spread of model outcomes. Therefore, we developed an Ensemble Outcome Agreement (EOA) index, which analyses the effect of changes in composition and size of a multi-model ensemble (MME) to evaluate the level of agreement between MME outcomes with respect to a given hypothesis (e.g. that adaptation measures result in positive crop responses). We analysed the recommendations of a previous study performed with an ensemble of 17 crop models and testing 54 adaptation options for rainfed winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) at Lleida (NE Spain) under perturbed conditions of temperature, precipitation and atmospheric CO2 concentration. Our results confirmed that most adaptations recommended in the previous study have a positive effect. However, we also showed that some options did not remain recommendable in specific conditions if different ensembles were considered. Using EOA, we were able to identify the adaptation options for which there is high confidence in their effectiveness at enhancing yields, even under severe climate perturbations. These include substituting spring wheat for winter wheat combined with earlier sowing dates and standard or longer duration cultivars, or introducing supplementary irrigation, the latter increasing EOA values in all cases. There is low confidence in recovering yields to baseline levels, although this target could be attained for some adaptation options under moderate climate perturbations. Recommendations derived from such robust results may provide crucial information for stakeholders seeking to implement adaptation measures.
Published: 2019
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19. The mid-Miocene Zhangpu biota reveals an outstandingly rich rainforest biome in East Asia

Author: Qi Zhang, Jochen Heinrichs, Hong Pang, Cihang Luo, Mónica M. Solórzano-Kraemer, Michael S. Engel, Chunpeng Xu, M. Jared Thomas, Eva-Maria Sadowski, Jun Chen, Robert A. Spicer, Sam W. Heads, Alexander R. Schmidt, Tingting Yu, Cédric Chény, Dany Azar, Xingyue Liu, Vincent Perrichot, Bo Wang, Qingqing Zhang, Taiping Gao, Gongle Shi, Ye Liu, Jacek Szwedo, Haichun Zhang, Daran Zheng, Zixi Wang, Adam Ślipiński, André Nel, Kathrin Feldberg, State Key Laboratory of Palaeobiology and Stratigraphy, Nanjing Institute of Geology and Palaeontology, Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, The Open University [Milton Keynes] (OU), Géosciences Rennes (GR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, 423862824, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, NE/P013805/1, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, 90946, Volkswagen Foundation, 41688103, 41772014, National Natural Science Foundation of China, FE 1240/2-1, National Natural Science Foundation of China, XDB26000000, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2017359, Youth Innovation Promotion Association of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), and University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Subjects: Multidisciplinary, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Earth science, Environmental Studies, Biome, Global warming, Holocene climatic optimum, Biodiversity, SciAdv r-articles, Biota, Rainforest, 15. Life on land, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geography, 13. Climate action, Period (geology), [SDU.STU.PG]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Paleontology, Research Articles, Megathermal, Research Article, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: The Zhangpu biota provides a new insight into biodiversity redistribution during the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum., During the Mid-Miocene Climatic Optimum [MMCO, ~14 to 17 million years (Ma) ago], global temperatures were similar to predicted temperatures for the coming century. Limited megathermal paleoclimatic and fossil data are known from this period, despite its potential as an analog for future climate conditions. Here, we report a rich middle Miocene rainforest biome, the Zhangpu biota (~14.7 Ma ago), based on material preserved in amber and associated sedimentary rocks from southeastern China. The record shows that the mid-Miocene rainforest reached at least 24.2°N and was more widespread than previously estimated. Our results not only highlight the role of tropical rainforests acting as evolutionary museums for biodiversity at the generic level but also suggest that the MMCO probably strongly shaped the East Asian biota via the northern expansion of the megathermal rainforest biome. The Zhangpu biota provides an ideal snapshot for biodiversity redistribution during global warming.
Published: 2021
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20. Mongolian dryland paleoenvironment and paleoclimate issues : calibrations and applicability of GDGT and pollen reconstructions over the Late Holocene

Author: Guillemette Ménot, Isabelle Jouffroy-Bapicot, Boldgiv Bazartseren, Boris Vannière, Julia Unkelbach, Odile Peyron, Lucas Dugerdil, Sébastien Joannin, Hermann Behling, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Chrono-environnement (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)
Subjects: 13. Climate action, Pollen, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Paleoclimatology, medicine, Physical geography, 15. Life on land, medicine.disease_cause, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Holocene, Geology
Abstract: Our understanding of climate changes throughout the Holocene is hampered by representativeness in sedimentary archives. Potential production and preservation biases of the markers are identified by comparing these proxies with modern environments. It is important to conduct robust calibrations on each biome. These calibrations use large database dominated by forest samples. The Mongolian plateau is especially characterized by low annual precipitation and continental annual air temperature. The characterization of the climate system of this area is crucial for the understanding of Holocene Monsoon Oscillations. This study focuses on the calibration of proxy-climate relationships for pollen and glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) by comparing large published Eurasian calibrations with a set of 49 new surface samples (moss polster, soil and mud from temporary dry pond). These calibrations are then cross-validated by an independent dataset of top-core samples and applied to two Late Holocene paleosequences in the Altai mountains and the Qaidam basin. We show that: (1) preserved pollen assemblages are clearly imprinted on the extremities of the ecosystem range but mitigated and unclear on the ecotones; (2) for both proxies, inferred relationships depend on the geographical range covered by the calibration database as well as on the nature of samples; (3) even if local calibrations suffer from reduced amplitude of climatic parameter due to local homogeneity, they better reflect actual climate than the global ones by reducing the limits for saturation impact, (4) a bias in climatic reconstructions is induced by the over-parameterization of the models and (5) paleoclimate values reconstructed here are consistent with Mongolia-China Late Holocene climate trends, and validate the application of local calibrations for both pollen and GDGTs. We encourage the application of this surface calibration method to reconstruct paleoclimate and especially consolidate our understanding of the Holocene climate and environment variations in Arid Central Asia.
Published: 2021
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21. Search for top‐down and bottom‐up drivers of latitudinal trends in insect herbivory in oak trees in Europe

Author: Ágnes Fürjes-Mikó, Yasmine Kadiri, Thomas Damestoy, Marco Ferrante, Andreas Schuldt, Csaba Béla Eötvös, Arndt Hampe, Marketa Tahadlova, Mihai-Leonard Duduman, Luc Barbaro, Anna Mrazova, Ayco J. M. Tack, Tomas Roslin, Slobodan Milanović, Maria Faticov, Michèle Kaennel-Dobbertin, Andreas Prinzing, György Csóka, Aurélien Sallé, Deborah J. Harvey, Gábor L. Lövei, Katerina Sam, Olivier Bouriaud, Xoaquín Moreira, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Lars Opgennoorth, Martin M. Gossner, Juha-Matti Pitkänen, Andrea Galmán, Laurent Augusto, Giada Centenaro, Julia Koricheva, Anne-Maïmiti Dulaurent, Jovan Dobrosavljević, Andrey V. Selikhovkin, Marija Popović, Elena Valdés-Correcher, Manuela Branco, D. Lupaştean, Valentin Queloz, Lassi Suominen, Christophe Bouget, Mikhail V. Kozlov, Rebecca L. Thomas, Anna Yu. Popova, Bastien Castagneyrol, Andy G. Howe, Alexander Kozel, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Misión Biológica de Galicia, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecosystèmes forestiers (UR EFNO), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University Stefan cel Mare of Suceava (USU), Universidade de Lisboa (ULISBOA), Universita degli Studi di Padova, National Agricultural Research and Innovation Center (NARIC), Agro-écologie, Hydrogéochimie, Milieux et Ressources (AGHYLE), UniLaSalle, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), ANR-10-LABX-0045,COTE,COntinental To coastal Ecosystems: evolution, adaptability and governance(2010), Mision Biologica de Galicia (MBG), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade de Lisboa = University of Lisbon (ULISBOA), Università degli Studi di Padova = University of Padua (Unipd), University of Belgrade [Belgrade], Universitatea Stefan cel Mare Suceava (USU), Stockholm University, Aarhus University [Aarhus], University of the Azores, Swiss Federal Research Institute, Royal Holloway [University of London] (RHUL), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Saint Petersburg State University (SPBU), Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), University of South Bohemia, and This study was carried out with financial support from the French National Research Agency (ANR) in the frame of the Investments for the Future Programme, within the Cluster of Excellence COTE (Continental To coastal Ecosystems: evolution, adaptability and governance) (ANR-10-LABX-45). E.V.C. was funded by the BiodivERsA (BiodivERsA is a network of national and regional funding organisations promoting pan-European research on biodiversity and ecosystem services, and offering innovative opportunities for the conservation and sustainable management of biodiversity) project SPONFOREST (Unraveling the potential of spontaneous forest establishment for improving ecosystem functions and services in dynamic landscapes) (BiodivERsA3-2015-58). The authors warmly thank all the young European citizens and their teachers who made this study possible. They also thank the professional scientists who kindly agreed to participate in this study: Stefan K. Müller (Freie evangelische Schule Lörrach), Olga Mijón Pedreira (teacher IES Rosais 2, Vigo-Spain) and Mickael Pihain (Research Unit 'Ecosystèmes, Biodiversité, Evolution', University of Rennes 1/CNRS, 35042 Rennes, France), and Chloe Mendiondo and Claire Colliaux (Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University, Flakkebjerg Research Centre, DK-4200 Slagelse, Denmark).
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, защита растений, Range (biology), Leaf Chemistry, media_common.quotation_subject, Climate, Plant Defences, Nutritional quality, Insect, Plant defences, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Latitude, Quercus robur, biotic interactions, биотические факторы, Avian Insectivory, Artificial Prey, Avian insectivory, Natural enemies, climatic gradients, pedunculate oak, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Global and Planetary Change, Herbivore, насекомые-вредители, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Artificial prey, климатические градиенты, 15. Life on land, Latitudinal gradients, biology.organism_classification, климатические факторы, climatic factors, Taxon, 13. Climate action, широтные градиенты, Leaf chemistry, herbivorous insects, травоядные насекомые, дуб черешчатый, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: AIM: The strength of species interactions is traditionally expected to increase toward the Equator. However, recent studies have reported opposite or inconsistent latitudinal trends in the bottom-up (plant quality) and top-down (natural enemies) forces driving herbivory. In addition, these forces have rarely been studied together thus limiting previous attempts to understand the effect of large-scale climatic gradients on herbivory. LOCATION: Europe. TIME PERIOD: 2018–2019. MAJOR TAXA STUDIED: Quercus robur. METHODS: We simultaneously tested for latitudinal variation in plant–herbivore–natural enemy interactions. We further investigated the underlying climatic factors associated with variation in herbivory, leaf chemistry and attack rates in Quercus robur across its complete latitudinal range in Europe. We quantified insect leaf damage and the incidence of specialist herbivores as well as leaf chemistry and bird attack rates on dummy caterpillars on 261 oak trees. RESULTS: Climatic factors rather than latitude per se were the best predictors of the large-scale (geographical) variation in the incidence of gall-inducers and leaf-miners as well as in leaf nutritional content. However, leaf damage, plant chemical defences (leaf phenolics) and bird attack rates were not influenced by climatic factors or latitude. The incidence of leaf-miners increased with increasing concentrations of hydrolysable tannins, whereas the incidence of gall-inducers increased with increasing leaf soluble sugar concentration and decreased with increasing leaf C : N ratios and lignins. However, leaf traits and bird attack rates did not vary with leaf damage. MAIN CONCLUSIONS: These findings help to refine our understanding of the bottom-up and top-down mechanisms driving geographical variation in plant–herbivore interactions, and indicate the need for further examination of the drivers of herbivory on trees. This study was carried out with financial support from the French National Research Agency (ANR) in the frame of the Investments for the Future Programme, within the Cluster of Excellence COTE (Continental To coastal Ecosystems: evolution, adaptability and governance) (ANR-10-LABX-45). E.V.C. was funded by the BiodivERsA (BiodivERsA is a network of national and regional funding organisations promoting pan-European research on biodiversity and ecosystem services, and offering innovative opportunities for the conservation and sustainable management of biodiversity) project SPONFOREST (Unraveling the potential of spontaneous forest establishment for improving ecosystem functions and services in dynamic landscapes) (BiodivERsA3-2015-58). info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Published: 2021
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22. Legacy effects of temporary grassland in annual crop rotation on soil ecosystem services

Author: Marc Roucaute, Abad Chabbi, Marie-Laure Decau, Stefan Scheu, Jörg Hanisch, Sylvain Busnot, Tania Runge, Tomas Roslin, Ilka Engell, Ulfert Graefe, Vincent Hallaire, Martin Potthoff, Tanel Vahter, Luis F. Arias-Giraldo, Gema Guzmán, Anneke Beylich, Mignon Sandor, Daniel Cluzeau, Maarja Öpik, Kevin Hoeffner, Safya Menasseri, Guénola Pérès, Rüdiger M. Schmelz, Blanca B. Landa, Dumitrita Dascalu, Siim-Kaarel Sepp, Annegret Nicolai, Elke Plaas, Deborah Linsler, Martin Banse, Stefan Schrader, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut für Angewandte Bodenbiologie GmbH (IFAB), Institute for Applied Soil Biology, Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Babes-Bolyai University [Cluj-Napoca] (UBB), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University of Tartu, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj Napoca, Johann Heinrich von Thünen Institut, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Fourrages Environnement Ruminants Lusignan (FERLUS), This work was supported by the EU SoilMan project (grant number 01LC1620) funded through the 2015–2016 BiodivERsA COFUND call for research proposals, with national funders the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), the French National Research Agency (ANR), the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), the Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding (UEFISCDI), the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange)., ANR-11-INBS-0001,ANAEE-FR,ANAEE-Services(2011), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine Cluj Napoca = Universitatea de Științe Agricole și Medicină Veterinară Cluj-Napoca, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut Agro Rennes Angers, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), European Commission, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), and Executive Unit for Financing Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation (Romania)
Subjects: Yield, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil biology, Forage, 010501 environmental sciences, Aggregate stability, 01 natural sciences, complex mixtures, Grassland, Saturated hydraulic conductivity, Soil suppressiveness, Ecosystem services, Soil management, Soil, Ascomycota, Environmental Chemistry, Soil biota, natural sciences, Waste Management and Disposal, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Biomass (ecology), geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, food and beverages, Agriculture, Biodiversity, 15. Life on land, Crop rotation, Pollution, Crop Production, 6. Clean water, Soil structure, Agronomy, 13. Climate action, Ecosystem functioning, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: The introduction of temporary grassland into an annual crop rotation is recognized to improve soil ecosystem services, and resulting legacies can be beneficial for the following crops. In this context, the aim of the present study was to evaluate legacy effects of introducing temporary grassland into an annual crop rotation on five ecosystem services (i) soil structure maintenance (aggregate stability), (ii) water regulation (saturated hydraulic conductivity), (iii) biodiversity conservation (microbial biomass and microbial metabolic activity, as well as microorganism, enchytraeid, springtail and earthworm communities), (iv) pathogen regulation (soil suppressiveness to Verticillium dahliae), and (v) forage production and quality. Three crop rotation schemes, maintained for twelve years, were compared in four random blocks, one being an annual crop rotation without grassland (0%), another with a medium percentage of grassland (50%, corresponding to 3 years of continuous grassland in the crop rotation), and a third one with a high percentage of grassland in the crop rotation (75%, corresponding to 6 years of continuous grassland in the crop rotation). The results showed that the grassland introduction into an annual crop rotation improved, whatever the duration of the grassland, soil structure maintenance and biodiversity conservation, while it decreased pathogen regulation and did not modify water regulation. Comparing the two crop rotations that included grassland, indicated a stronger beneficial grassland legacy effect for the higher proportion of grassland concerning soil structure maintenance and biodiversity conservation. By contrast, water regulation, pathogen regulation and forage production were not affected by the legacy of the 75% grassland during the rotation. Overall, our findings demonstrated the extent to which grassland legacies are affecting the current state of soil properties and possible ecosystem services provided. To improve ecosystem services, soil management should take legacy effects into account and consider longer timeframes to apply beneficial practices., This work was supported by the EU SoilMan project (grant number 01LC1620) funded through the 2015–2016 BiodivERsA COFUND call for research proposals, with national funders the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), the French National Research Agency (ANR), the Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS), the Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO), the Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding (UEFISCDI), the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange). We would like to thank the National Research Infrastructure “Agro-écosystèmes, Cycles Biogéochimique et Biodiversité” (ACBB) http://www.soere-acbb for providing access to an excellent field experiment and the “the AnaEE France (ANR-11-INBS-0001)”, “AllEnvi” and “CNRS-INSU” which support it. We thank Météo France for meteorological data.
Published: 2021
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23. Root traits as drivers of plant and ecosystem functioning: current understanding, pitfalls and future research needs

Author: A. Glyn Bengough, Ina C. Meier, Grégoire T. Freschet, Monique Weemstra, Jitka Klimešová, Catherine Picon-Cochard, Sarah E. Hobbie, Agnieszka Bagniewska-Zadworna, Alexandra Weigelt, Louise H. Comas, Elison B. Blancaflor, Martin Lukac, Liesje Mommer, Arthur Gessler, David W. Johnson, Laura Rose, Iván Prieto, Marcin Zadworny, Tao Sun, Ivano Brunner, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Peter Ryser, Richard D. Bardgett, Catherine Roumet, Nina Wurzburger, Boris Rewald, M. Luke McCormack, Hendrik Poorter, Alexia Stokes, Loïc Pagès, Colleen M. Iversen, Oscar J. Valverde-Barrantes, Michael Scherer-Lorenzen, Gerlinde B. De Deyn, Larry M. York, Johannes A. Postma, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), National Center for Cool and Cold Water Aquaculture, ARS-USDA, USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, University of Dundee, The James Hutton Institute, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), University of Manchester [Manchester], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), University of Reading (UOR), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Center for Tree Science, Hamburg University of Applied Sciences [Hamburg], Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Macquarie University, Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), University of Georgia [USA], Polish Academy of Sciences (PAN), Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Noble Research Institute, Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Institute of Terrestrial Ecosystems (ITES), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Department of Anthropology [University of Minnesota], University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, University of Minnesota System, Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laurentian University, University of Freiburg [Freiburg], Universiteit Leiden, Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Leipzig University, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Grant Agency of the Czech Republic 1913103S, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences (BOKU), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, and Leiden University
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Root (linguistics), spatial and temporal scales, Physiology, Ecology (disciplines), belowground ecology, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, plant functions, Ecosystem, ecosystem properties and processes, environmental gradients, trait covariation, Bodembiologie, Ecology, trait causal relationships, Atmosphere, Biosphere, Research needs, Soil Biology, 15. Life on land, Plants, PE&RC, 030104 developmental biology, Phenotype, root traits, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trait, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Terrestrial ecosystem, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The effects of plants on the biosphere, atmosphere and geosphere are key determinants of terrestrial ecosystem functioning. However, despite substantial progress made regarding plant belowground components, we are still only beginning to explore the complex relationships between root traits and functions. Drawing on the literature in plant physiology, ecophysiology, ecology, agronomy and soil science, we reviewed 24 aspects of plant and ecosystem functioning and their relationships with a number of root system traits, including aspects of architecture, physiology, morphology, anatomy, chemistry, biomechanics and biotic interactions. Based on this assessment, we critically evaluated the current strengths and gaps in our knowledge, and identify future research challenges in the field of root ecology. Most importantly, we found that belowground traits with the broadest importance in plant and ecosystem functioning are not those most commonly measured. Also, the estimation of trait relative importance for functioning requires us to consider a more comprehensive range of functionally relevant traits from a diverse range of species, across environments and over time series. We also advocate that establishing causal hierarchical links among root traits will provide a hypothesis-based framework to identify the most parsimonious sets of traits with the strongest links on functions, and to link genotypes to plant and ecosystem functioning.
Published: 2021
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24. Evaluating structural and compositional canopy characteristics to predict the light-demand signature of the forest understorey in mixed, semi-natural temperate forests

Author: Déborah Closset-Kopp, Martin Kopecký, Monika Wulf, Guntis Brūmelis, Steffi Heinrichs, Werner Härdtle, Jan den Ouden, Dries Landuyt, Jörg Brunet, Haben Blondeel, Radim Hédl, František Máliš, Kris Verheyen, Simon M. Smart, Guillaume Decocq, Wolfgang Schmidt, Emiel De Lombaerde, Michael P. Perring, Ilze Liepiņa, Martin Macek, Karol Ujházy, Thilo Heinken, Bogdan Jaroszewicz, Sybryn L. Maes, Leen Depauw, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), The University of Western Australia (UWA), University of Latvia (LU), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University of Warsaw (UW), Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Technical University in Zvolen (TUZVO), Laboratoire de cristallographie et sciences des matériaux (CRISMAT), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Lancaster] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), and Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], DIVERSITY, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, canopy closure, shade-casting ability, Basal area, SOLAR-RADIATION TRANSMITTANCE, herb layer, light availability, Environmental planning, Ecology, Policy and Law, Temperate forest, Forestry, Vegetation, Understory, PE&RC, COMMUNITY, basal area, Ecosystems Research, light transmittance, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Temperate rainforest, Monitoring, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 010603 evolutionary biology, Ecology and Environment, Ellenberg indicator values, understorey, Forest ecology, GAP FORMATION, MANAGEMENT, Bosecologie en Bosbeheer, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Forest floor, Science & Technology, Plant Sciences, SEEDLING SURVIVAL, 15. Life on land, COVER, Forest Ecology and Forest Management, LAYER, Earth and Environmental Sciences, temperate forest, canopy cover, Environmental science, VEGETATION, 010606 plant biology & botany, RESPONSES
Abstract: Questions: Light availability at the forest floor affects many forest ecosystem processes, and is often quantified indirectly through easy-to-measure stand characteristics. We investigated how three such characteristics, basal area, canopy cover and canopy closure, were related to each other in structurally complex mixed forests. We also asked how well they can predict the light-demand signature of the forest understorey (estimated as the mean Ellenberg indicator value for light [“EIVLIGHT”] and the proportion of “forest specialists” [“%FS”] within the plots). Furthermore, we asked whether accounting for the shade-casting ability of individual canopy species could improve predictions of EIVLIGHT and %FS. Location: A total of 192 study plots from nineteen temperate forest regions across Europe. Methods: In each plot, we measured stand basal area (all stems >7.5 cm diameter), canopy closure (with a densiometer) and visually estimated the percentage cover of all plant species in the herb (7 m). We used linear mixed-effect models to assess the relationships between basal area, canopy cover and canopy closure. We performed model comparisons, based on R2 and the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), to assess which stand characteristics can predict EIVLIGHT and %FS best, and to assess whether canopy shade-casting ability can significantly improve model fit. Results: Canopy closure and cover were weakly related to each other, but showed no relation with basal area. For both EIVLIGHT and %FS, canopy cover was the best predictor. Including the share of high-shade-casting species in both the basal-area and cover models improved the model fit for EIVLIGHT, but not for %FS. Conclusions: The typically expected relationships between basal area, canopy cover and canopy closure were weak or even absent in structurally complex mixed forests. In these forests, easy-to-measure structural canopy characteristics were poor predictors of the understorey light-demand signature, but accounting for compositional characteristics could improve predictions.
Published: 2021
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25. How does soil biota matter in soil management in Europe? Exploring temporal dynamics and situation dependence in valuation processes

Author: Guénola Pérès, Michel Renault, Morgane E. T. Hervé, Daniel Cluzeau, Martin Potthoff, Rebekka Schuette, Elke Plaas, Annegret Nicolai, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Federal Ministry of Education and Research, French National Research Agency, Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning, Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, Executive Agency for Higher Education, Research, Development and Innovation Funding, 01LC1620, Estonian Research Council, French Environment and Energy Management Agency, University of Rennes 1, Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Economics and Econometrics, Process (engineering), Soil biology, 010501 environmental sciences, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 01 natural sciences, Soil management, soil biota values, soil management practices, European farmers, Proxy (statistics), Pragmatism, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, business.industry, Environmental resource management, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Focus Groups, Valuation (logic), Geography, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, agricultural soils, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: International audience; The concept of values has been extensively used as a proxy to investigate relationships between human-beings and their environment. Using a pragmatic epistemology, we investigated valuation processes at stake when farmers choose their management practices, focusing on soil biota valuations. We sought to determine to what extant values are situation-dependent and likely to evolve over time. We used five Focus Groups, in France, Germany, Romania, Spain and Sweden, where farmers described soil management situations and evaluated the outcomes of their practices. Soil management practices were reasoned according to local and current situations and not chosen 'by principle'. Soils were mentioned in the assessment of practices outcomes rather than as a criterion for practices choices. Values appeared dynamic, influenced by social consensus on good practices and farming objectives. Implementing a new practice might develop knowledge that is further integrated in valuations, thereby reforming the references upon which farmers evaluate their practices. Overall, debating on what matters in agriculture in different regions before defining management measures or soil indicators might be necessary to design a sustainable European policy on soils.
Published: 2021
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26. Transformation of coffee-growing landscapes across Latin America. A review

Author: Eric Rahn, Mirjam M. Pulleman, Vivian Valencia, Alyssa A. Pritts, Celia A. Harvey, Juan Francisco Barrera, Carlos J. Pérez-Alemán, Eduardo Somarriba, Marie J. Zwetsloot, Inge Armbrecht, Jacques Avelino, Christian Bunn, Kees Jansen, Javier Hoyos García, Carlos Isaza, Juana Munoz-Ucros, Valentina Robiglio, Monteverde Institute (MVI), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), International Center for Tropical Agriculture [Colombie] (CIAT), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Universidad del Valle [Cali] (Univalle), Plant Health Institute of Montpellier (UMR PHIM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centro Agronómico Tropical de Investigación y Enseñanza - Tropical Agricultural Research and Higher Education Center (CATIE), Instituto Interamericano de Cooperación para la Agricultura = Inter-American Institute for Cooperation on Agriculture (IICA), EI Colegio de la Frontera Sur (ECOSUR), Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnología [Mexico] (CONACYT), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Parque Tecnológico de Innovación del Café (TECNiCAFE), Solidaridad, School of Integrative Plant Science [CALS], College of Agriculture and Life Sciences [Cornell University] (CALS), Cornell University [New York]-Cornell University [New York], Fundación Solidaridad Latinoamericana, World Agroforestry Center [CGIAR, Pérou] (ICRAF), World Agroforestry Center [CGIAR, Kenya] (ICRAF), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Interdisciplinary Research and Education Fund (INREF) at Wageningen University and Research, Frederick Dreer Award, Department of Horticulture, Cornell University, CATIE and the CGIAR consortium on Forests, Trees and Agroforestry., Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, and Cornell University [New York]
Subjects: [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, Land-use change Contents, Latin Americans, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, WASS, changement dans l'usage des terrres, Review Article, 010501 environmental sciences, Coffee leaf rust, 01 natural sciences, Agricultural land, 11. Sustainability, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Deforestation, Agroforestry systems, 2. Zero hunger, Utilisation des terres, biology, Agroforestry, Soil Biology, Coffea arabica, Livelihood, PE&RC, Rural Sociology, Geography, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Rurale Sociologie, Environmental Engineering, Certification, Plantations, Land-use change, Coffea canephora, systèmes agroforestiers, Urbanization, Bodembiologie, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Sustainable development, Intensification, Farm Systems Ecology Group, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Déboisement, 13. Climate action, Sustainability, Moyens d'existence durables, Paysage agricole, Agronomy and Crop Science
Abstract: In Latin America, the cultivation of Arabica coffee (Coffea arabica) plays a critical role in rural livelihoods, biodiversity conservation, and sustainable development. Over the last 20 years, coffee farms and landscapes across the region have undergone rapid and profound biophysical changes in response to low coffee prices, changing climatic conditions, severe plant pathogen outbreaks, and other drivers. Although these biophysical transformations are pervasive and affect millions of rural livelihoods, there is limited information on the types, location, and extent of landscape changes and their socioeconomic and ecological consequences. Here we review the state of knowledge on the ongoing biophysical changes in coffee-growing regions, explore the potential socioeconomic and ecological impacts of these changes, and highlight key research gaps. We identify seven major land-use trends which are affecting the sustainability of coffee-growing regions across Latin America in different ways. These trends include (1) the widespread shift to disease-resistant cultivars, (2) the conventional intensification of coffee management with greater planting densities, greater use of agrochemicals and less shade, (3) the conversion of coffee to other agricultural land uses, (4) the introduction of Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora) into areas not previously cultivated with coffee, (5) the expansion of coffee into forested areas, (6) the urbanization of coffee landscapes, and (7) the increase in the area of coffee produced under voluntary sustainability standards. Our review highlights the incomplete and scattered information on the drivers, patterns, and outcomes of biophysical changes in coffee landscapes, and lays out a detailed research agenda to address these research gaps and elucidate the effects of different landscape trajectories on rural livelihoods, biodiversity conservation, and other aspects of sustainable development. A better understanding of the drivers, patterns, and consequences of changes in coffee landscapes is vital for informing the design of policies, programs, and incentives for sustainable coffee production. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s13593-021-00712-0.
Published: 2021
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27. Plant diversity enhances production and downward transport of biodegradable dissolved organic matter

Author: Janneke Ravenek, Christine Fischer-Bedtke, Gerd Gleixner, Odette González Macé, Tanja Strecker, Cameron Wagg, Christiane Roscher, Liesje Mommer, Vanessa-Nina Roth, Alexandru Milcu, Bernhard Schmid, Thorsten Dittmar, Stefan Scheu, Alexandra Weigelt, Nico Eisenhauer, Anke Hildebrandt, Natalie J. Oram, Markus Lange, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Thüringer Landesamt für Umwelt und Geologie, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig University, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Helmholtz Institute for Functional Marine Biodiversity at the University of Oldenburg (HIFMB), Carl Von Ossietzky Universität Oldenburg = Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg (OFFIS), Friedrich-Schiller-Universität = Friedrich Schiller University Jena [Jena, Germany], Johann-Friedrich Blumenbach Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Écotron Européen de Montpellier, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Nature Conservation and Plant Ecology Group, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Soil Biology Group, Institute for Water and Wetland Research, Radboud University Nijmegen, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Department of Systematic Botany and Functional Biodiversity, Universität Leipzig, University of Zurich, Vries, Franciska, Lange, Markus, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Evolution, ecosystem functions and services, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, plant–soil interactions, Plant Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, bioDiversity, Subsoil, Behavior and Systematics, vegetation, 1110 Plant Science, subsoil, Dissolved organic carbon, Ecosystem, Plant–soil interactions, 910 Geography & travel, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, biodiversity, 2. Zero hunger, Ecosystem functions and services, Topsoil, Decomposition, decomposition, Vegetation, Ecology, Soil organic matter, Plant Ecology, food and beverages, Plant community, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, dissolved organic carbon, 10122 Institute of Geography, 1105 Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Environmental chemistry, Soil water, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Soil horizon, Environmental science, Soil fertility, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, 2303 Ecology, human activities, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Plant diversity is an important driver of below-ground ecosystem functions, such as root growth, soil organic matter (SOM) storage and microbial metabolism, mainly by influencing the interactions between plant roots and soil. Dissolved organic matter (DOM), as the most mobile form of SOM, plays a crucial role for a multitude of soil processes that are central for ecosystem functioning. Thus, DOM is likely to be an important mediator of plant diversity effects on soil processes. However, the relationships between plant diversity and DOM have not been studied so far.2. We investigated the mechanisms underlying plant diversity effects on concentrations of DOM using continuous soil water sampling across 6 years and 62 plant communities in a long-term grassland biodiversity experiment in Jena, Germany. Furthermore, we investigated plant diversity effects on the molecular properties of DOM in a subset of the samples.3. Although DOM concentrations were highly variable over the course of the year with highest concentrations in summer and autumn, we found that DOM concentrations consistently increased with plant diversity across seasons. The positive plant diversity effect on DOM concentrations was mainly mediated by increased microbial activity and newly sequestered carbon in topsoil. However, the effect of soil microbial activity on DOM concentrations differed between seasons, indicating DOM consumption in winter and spring, and DOM production in summer and autumn. Furthermore, we found increased contents of small and easily decomposable DOM molecules reaching deeper soil layers with high plant diversity.4. Synthesis. Our findings suggest that plant diversity enhances the continuous downward transport of DOM in multiple ways. On the one hand, higher plant diversity results in higher DOM concentrations, on the other hand, this DOM is less degraded. This study indicates, for the first time, that higher plant diversity enhances the downward transport of dissolved molecules that likely stimulate soil development in deeper layers and therefore increase soil fertility.
Published: 2020
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28. SoilTemp: A global database of near-surface temperature

Author: Juha M. Alatalo, Ilya M. D. Maclean, Ivan Nijs, Pascal Boeckx, Ronja E. M. Wedegärtner, Josefine Walz, Sergiy Medinets, Jonas Ardö, Martin Wilmking, Aníbal Pauchard, Onur Candan, Joseph Okello, Miguel Portillo-Estrada, Christian Rossi, Francesco Malfasi, Robert G. Björk, Tim Seipel, Pekka Niittynen, Kristoffer Hylander, Simone Cesarz, Michael B. Ashcroft, Dany Ghosn, T'Ai Gladys Whittingham Forte, Andrew D. Thomas, Nina Buchmann, Pavel Dan Turtureanu, Marcello Tomaselli, Martin Svátek, Luca Vitale, Christian Rixen, Valter Di Cecco, Pascal Vittoz, Jan Wild, Hans J. De Boeck, M. Rosa Fernández Calzado, Khatuna Gigauri, Haydn J.D. Thomas, Josef Brůna, Patrice Descombes, Robert Kanka, Roman Plichta, Julia Boike, Juan J. Jiménez, Mihai Pușcaș, James D. M. Speed, Tudor-Mihai Ursu, Maaike Y. Bader, Jian Zhang, Shengwei Zong, Marko Smiljanic, Ben Somers, Toke T. Høye, Martin Macek, Rebecca Finger Higgens, Jürgen Homeier, Fatih Fazlioglu, Ana Clara Mazzolari, Katja Tielbörger, Marek Čiliak, Sanne Govaert, Matěj Man, Loïc Pellissier, Bente J. Graae, Mana Gharun, Juan Lorite, Jhonatan Sallo Bravo, Thomas Scholten, Ian Klupar, Jonathan Lenoir, Martin Kopecký, Angela Stanisci, Joseph J. Bailey, Stuart W. Smith, Gergana N. Daskalova, Andrej Varlagin, Radim Matula, Meelis Pärtel, Ann Milbau, Peter Barančok, Jörg G. Stephan, Marijn Bauters, Jan Dick, Zuzana Sitková, Alistair S. Jump, Felix Gottschall, Fernando Moyano, Mario Trouillier, Filip Hrbáček, Eduardo Fuentes-Lillo, Nicoletta Cannone, Koenraad Van Meerbeek, Miska Luoto, Christopher Andrews, Charly Geron, Lisa J. Rew, Michael Stemkovski, Rafaella Canessa, Lucia Hederová, Peter Haase, Klaus Steinbauer, Keith W. Larson, Mats P. Björkman, Edoardo Cremonese, Lore T. Verryckt, Aud H. Halbritter, Jiri Dolezal, František Máliš, William D. Pearse, Zhaochen Zhang, Christian D. Larson, Sylvia Haider, Robert Weigel, Harald Pauli, Romina D. Dimarco, Nico Eisenhauer, Agustina Barros, Shyam S. Phartyal, Liesbeth van den Brink, Edmund W. Basham, Adrian V. Rocha, Mauro Guglielmin, Rafael A. García, Andrej Palaj, Josef Urban, Austin Koontz, Brett R. Scheffers, Mia Vedel Sørensen, Isla H. Myers-Smith, Camille Meeussen, Lena Muffler, Krystal Randall, Volodymyr I. Medinets, Sonia Merinero, Laurenz M. Teuber, Salvatore R. Curasi, José Luis Benito Alonso, Pieter De Frenne, Kamil Láska, Jonas Schmeddes, Martin A. Nuñez, Amanda Ratier Backes, Alessandro Petraglia, Miroslav Svoboda, Ellen Dorrepaal, Sonja Wipf, Juha Aalto, Masahito Ueyama, Benjamin Blonder, Jonas J. Lembrechts, Esther R. Frei, Lukas Siebicke, Bernard Heinesch, C. Johan Dahlberg, Juergen Kreyling, Camille Pitteloud, Florian Zellweger, Rebecca A. Senior, David H. Klinges, Miguel Ángel de Pablo, Elizabeth G. Simpson, George Kazakis, Jozef Kollár, Pallieter De Smedt, Olivier Roupsard, Jan Altman, Michele Carbognani, Julia Kemppinen, Manuela Winkler, Valeria Aschero, Pieter Vangansbeke, Andrea Lamprecht, Stef Haesen, University of Antwerp (UA), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, University of Wollongong [Australia], Australian Museum [Sydney], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences (IB / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Ecologie et Dynamique des Systèmes Anthropisés - UMR CNRS 7058 (EDYSAN), Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Exeter, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), LMI IESOL Intensification Ecologique des Sols Cultivés en Afrique de l’Ouest [Dakar] (IESOL), Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD [Sénégal]), Universidad de Concepción - University of Concepcion [Chile], Instituto de Ecología y Biodiversidad (IEB), Universidad Adventista de Chile - Adventist University of Chile (UNACH), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Qatar University, Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Nanyang Technological University [Singapour], University of Gothenburg (GU), Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Leipzig University, Mountains of the Moon University, Laboratory of Applied Physical Chemistry - ISOFYS (Gent, Belgium), Mendel University in Brno (MENDELU), Siberian Federal University (SibFU), Nalanda University, Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University (HNBGU), Babes-Bolyai University [Cluj-Napoca] (UBB), A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Instituto de Investigaciones Forestales y Agropecuarias Bariloche (IFAB), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), University of Stirling, Umeå University, Istituto per i Sistemi Agricoli e Forestali del Mediterraneo (ISAFOM), National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Dartmouth College [Hanover], University of Bergen (UiB), University of Notre Dame [Indiana] (UND), Utah State University (USU), Imperial College London, Arctic Research Centre [Aarhus] (ARC), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Stockholm University, University of South Bohemia, Aberystwyth University, York St John University, Centre International de Hautes Etudes Agronomiques Méditerranéennes - Institut Agronomique Méditerranéen de Chania (CIHEAM-IAMC), Centre International de Hautes Études Agronomiques Méditerranéennes (CIHEAM), Universidad de Alcalá - University of Alcalá (UAH), Montana State University (MSU), Lund University [Lund], Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria = University of Insubria [Varese] (Uninsubria), Philipps Universität Marburg = Philipps University of Marburg, Università degli Studi del Molise = University of Molise (UNIMOL), Universidad Nacional de Cuyo [Mendoza] (UNCUYO), Instituto Argentino de Nivología, Glaciología y Ciencias Ambientales [Mendoza] (CONICET-IANIGLA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional de Cuyo [Mendoza] (UNCUYO), Technical University in Zvolen (TUZVO), Georgian Institute of Public Affairs (GIPA), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Osaka Prefecture University, Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones en Biodiversidad y Medioambiente [Bariloche] (INIBIOMA-CONICET), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET)-Universidad Nacional del Comahue [Neuquén] (UNCOMA), National Institute of Research and Development for Biological Sciences [Bucarest] (INCDSB), Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), University of Tartu, Institute of Landscape Ecology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovak Academy of Sciences (SAS), Jolube Consultor Botánico, Northeast Normal University, Majella National Park - Parco Nazionale della Majella, National Forest Centre - Národné lesnícke centrum [Zvolen], University of Tübingen, County Administrative Board of Västra Götaland, Odessa National I.I.Mechnikov University, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), University of Edinburgh, University of California [Berkeley] (UC Berkeley), University of California (UC), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Gembloux Agro-Bio Tech [Gembloux], Université de Liège, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Bangor] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Princeton University, Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y el Desarrollo (ARAID), Alfred Wegener Institute [Potsdam], Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Humboldt University Of Berlin, University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), East China Normal University [Shangaï] (ECNU), Ordu University - Ordu Üniversitesi, Universidad Nacional de San Antonio Abad del Cusco (UNSAAC), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Aosta Valley Regional Environmental Protection Agency (ARPA), Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association, Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Swiss National Park - Parc Naziunal Svizzer, Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), ANR-19-CE32-0005,IMPRINT,IMpacts des PRocessus mIcroclimatiques sur la redistributioN de la biodiversiTé forestière en contexte de réchauffement du macroclimat(2019), University of Helsinki, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), University of Granada [Granada], University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], Universitá degli Studi dell’Insubria, Philipps University of Marburg, Università degli Studi del Molise (Unimol), Universität für Bodenkultur Wien [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), University of Lausanne (UNIL), University of California [Berkeley], University of California, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and University of Duisburg-Essen
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Biome, Biodiversity & Conservation, Microclimate, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, topoclimate, Snow, HETEROGENEITY, SCALE, database, General Environmental Science, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Global and Planetary Change, CLIMATE-CHANGE, Database, Ecology, Spatial database, Vegetation, Biological Sciences, Chemistry, soil climate, climate change, species distributions, Biodiversity Conservation, ecosystem processes, microclimate, temperature, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Biologie, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Climate change, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, MOISTURE, 010603 evolutionary biology, soil, LITTER DECOMPOSITION, species 19 distributions, Environmental Chemistry, DISTRIBUTIONS, SCALE SOIL, Biology, climate, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Science & Technology, Global warming, SPECIES DISTRIBUTION MODELS, 15. Life on land, Radiative forcing, MACROCLIMATE, Agriculture and Soil Science, 13. Climate action, SNOW, Earth and Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, computer, Environmental Sciences
Abstract: Current analyses and predictions of spatially explicit patterns and processes in ecology most often rely on climate data interpolated from standardized weather stations. This interpolated climate data represents long-term average thermal conditions at coarse spatial resolutions only. Hence, many climate-forcing factors that operate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions are overlooked. This is particularly important in relation to effects of observation height (e.g. vegetation, snow and soil characteristics) and in habitats varying in their exposure to radiation, moisture and wind (e.g. topography, radiative forcing or cold-air pooling). Since organisms living close to the ground relate more strongly to these microclimatic conditions than to free-air temperatures, microclimatic ground and near-surface data are needed to provide realistic forecasts of the fate of such organisms under anthropogenic climate change, as well as of the functioning of the ecosystems they live in. To fill this critical gap, we highlight a call for temperature time series submissions to SoilTemp, a geospatial database initiative compiling soil and near-surface temperature data from all over the world. Currently, this database contains time series from 7,538 temperature sensors from 51 countries across all key biomes. The database will pave the way toward an improved global understanding of microclimate and bridge the gap between the available climate data and the climate at fine spatiotemporal resolutions relevant to most organisms and ecosystem processes. ispartof: GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY vol:26 issue:11 pages:6616-6629 ispartof: location:England status: published
Published: 2020
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29. Directional trends in species composition over time can lead to a widespread overemphasis of year-to-year asynchrony

Author: Martin Schuetz, Eric Garnier, Hana Skálová, Martin Stock, Marc Estiarte, Marie Šmilauerová, Martin Zobel, Norbert Juergens, Karsten Wesche, Jiří Danihelka, Katja Klumpp, Wolfgang Schmidt, Josep Peñuelas, Ricardo Ibáñez, Christian Smit, Ute Schmiedel, Frédérique Louault, Begoña Peco, Ricardo García-González, Truman P. Young, Marta Rueda, Vigdis Vandvik, Thomas Galland, Fei-Hai Yu, Anna E-Vojtkó, Ben A. Woodcock, Daniel Gómez, Petr Šmilauer, Enrique Valencia, Tomáš Herben, Luisa Conti, Jürgen Dengler, Rob H. Marrs, Meelis Pärtel, Gábor Ónodi, Lars Götzenberger, Miklós Kertész, James Val, Francesco de Bello, Susan Harrison, David J. Eldridge, Anke Jentsch, Robin J. Pakeman, Minghua Song, Jan Lepš, Smit group, National Science Foundation (US), Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Comunidad de Madrid, European Commission, New Zealand National Vegetation Survey Databank, European Research Council, Estonian Research Council, Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France), Czech Science Foundation, German Federal Environmental Foundation, Federal Ministry of Education and Research (Germany), Scottish Government's Rural and Environment Science and Analytical Services, Bello, Francesco de, Lepš, J., Galland, Thomas, E‐Vojtkó, Anna, Götzenberger, L., Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), University of South Bohemia, Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Zürich University of Applied Sciences (ZHAW), Universität Bayreuth, University of New South Wales [Sydney] (UNSW), CREAF - Centre for Ecological Research and Applied Forestries, Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón [Saragoza, España] (ICMA-CSIC), University of Zaragoza - Universidad de Zaragoza [Zaragoza], Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California (UC), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Clínica Universidad de Navarra [Pamplona], Hamburg University of Applied Sciences [Hamburg], MTA-ELTE Research Group for Geology, Geophysics and Space Sciences, Eötvös Loránd University (ELTE)-Hungarian Academy of Sciences (MTA), Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Liverpool, The James Hutton Institute, University of Tartu, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Centro Nacional de Biotecnología [Madrid] (CNB-CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Göttingen State and University Library (SUB Göttingen), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf = University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf [Hamburg] (UKE), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS), Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences [Groningen] (GELIFES), University of Groningen [Groningen], Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (CAS), Wadden Sea Centre, University of Bergen (UiB), Museum of Natural History Görlitz, Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Taizhou Vocational College of Science and Technology, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of California, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), Biocomputing Unit [Madrid], Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Bello, Francesco de [0000-0001-9202-8198], Lepš, J. [0000-0002-4822-7429], Galland, Thomas [0000-0003-0883-8871], E‐Vojtkó, Anna [0000-0001-6370-680X], and Götzenberger, L. [0000-0003-3040-2900]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Asynchrony, Biodiversity, DIVERSITY, Plant Science, Biology, Year-to-year fluctuation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecology and Environment, Year‐to‐year fluctuation, RICHNESS, Statistics, Ecosystem, Temporal dynamics, 577: Ökologie, Relative species abundance, year-to-year fluctuation, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, STABILITY, temporal dynamics, synchrony, Plant community, Moving window, 15. Life on land, Population variability, COMMUNITY, Synchrony, 13. Climate action, COMPENSATORY DYNAMICS, BIODIVERSITY, Species richness, asynchrony, Quadrat, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Stability, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Questions. Compensatory dynamics are described as one of the main mechanisms that increase community stability, e.g., where decreases of some species on a year‐to‐year basis are offset by an increase in others. Deviations from perfect synchrony between species (asynchrony) have therefore been advocated as an important mechanism underlying biodiversity effects on stability. However, it is unclear to what extent existing measures of synchrony actually capture the signal of year‐to‐year species fluctuations in the presence of long‐term directional trends in both species abundance and composition (species directional trends hereafter). Such directional trends may lead to a misinterpretation of indices commonly used to reflect year‐to‐year synchrony. Methods. An approach based on three‐term local quadrat variance (T3) which assesses population variability in a three‐year moving window, was used to overcome species directional trend effects. This “detrending” approach was applied to common indices of synchrony across a worldwide collection of 77 temporal plant community datasets comprising almost 7,800 individual plots sampled for at least six years. Plots included were either maintained under constant “control” conditions over time or were subjected to different management or disturbance treatments. Results. Accounting for directional trends increased the detection of year‐to‐year synchronous patterns in all synchrony indices considered. Specifically, synchrony values increased significantly in ~40% of the datasets with the T3 detrending approach while in ~10% synchrony decreased. For the 38 studies with both control and manipulated conditions, the increase in synchrony values was stronger for longer time series, particularly following experimental manipulation. Conclusions. Species’ long‐term directional trends can affect synchrony and stability measures potentially masking the ecological mechanism causing year‐to‐year fluctuations. As such, previous studies on community stability might have overemphasised the role of compensatory dynamics in real‐world ecosystems, and particularly in manipulative conditions, when not considering the possible overriding effects of long‐term directional trends., We thank multiple entities for the financial support necessary to obtain the different databases: the U.S. National Science Foundation under grant numbers DEB‐8114302, DEB‐8811884, DEB‐9411972, DEB‐0080382, DEB‐0620652, DEB‐1234162, DEB‐9707477, DEB‐0316402, DEB‐08‐16453, and DEB‐12‐56034, DEB‐0618210, the Nutrient Network (http://www.nutnet.org) experiment from the National Science Foundation Research Coordination Network (NSF‐DEB‐1042132), the New Zealand National Vegetation Survey Databank, the Spanish MINECO (Project CGL2014‐53789‐R), the Madrid Regional Government (Projects REMEDINAL‐3 and REMEDINAL‐TE), the European Research Council Synergy grant 610028 (IMBALANCE‐P), the Institute on the Environment (DG‐0001‐13), the SOERE‐ACBB financed through French National Agency for Research (ANAEE‐F, ANR‐11‐INBS‐0001), the Estonian Research Council (IUT 20‐28, IUT 20‐29), Czech Science Foundation (GAČR 17‐05506S and 19‐28491X), the European Regional Development Fund (Centre of Excellence EcolChange), the German Federal Environmental Foundation (DBU) for a grant to the NABU Hamburg (management experiment Calamagrostis epigejos), and the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research within the framework of the project BIOTA Southern Africa (promotion numbers 01LC0024, 01LC0024A and 01LC0624A2), Task 159 of SASSCAL (promotion number 01LG1201) and the Scottish Government's Rural and Environmental Science and Analytical Services division. Acknowledgement Data owned by NERC© Database Right/Copyright NERC. Further support was provided by the Jornada Basin Long‐Term Ecological Research (LTER) project, Cedar Creek Ecosystem Science Reserve and the University of Minnesota. We also thank the Lawes Agricultural Trust and Rothamsted Research for data from the e‐RA database. The Rothamsted Long‐term Experiments National Capability (LTE‐NCG) is supported by the UK Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (Grant BBS/E/C/000J0300) and the Lawes Agricultural Trust.
Published: 2020
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30. Global Root Traits (GRooT) Database

Author: Jens Kattge, Joseph M. Craine, Lawren Sack, Jasper van Ruijven, Koen Kramer, Franciska T. de Vries, Christopher J. Sweeney, Juli G. Pausas, Catherine Roumet, Josep Peñuelas, Peter M. van Bodegom, Marney E. Isaac, Ina C. Meier, Grégoire T. Freschet, Liesje Mommer, Christian Ammer, Helge Bruelheide, Peter B. Reich, Fons van der Plas, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen, Colleen M. Iversen, Fernando Valladares, Marina Semchenko, Peter Manning, Larry M. York, Vanessa Minden, Nathaly R. Guerrero-Ramírez, Bill Shipley, Thomas W. Kuyper, Vladimir G. Onipchenko, Isabelle Aubin, Oscar J. Valverde-Barrantes, Daniel C. Laughlin, Hendrik Poorter, Eric G. Lamb, Justin P. Wright, M. Luke McCormack, Stuart W. Smith, Bradley J. Butterfield, Jane A. Catford, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Patrick Weigelt, Rubén Milla, Christian König, Matthias C. Rillig, Alexandra Weigelt, Adam R. Martin, Leho Tedersoo, Joana Bergmann, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Leipzig University, Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Oklahoma State University [Stillwater], Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, University of Wyoming (UW), Department of Soil Science of Temperate Ecosystems, Georg August University of Goettingen, Buesgenweg 2, 37077, Goettingen, Germany, Université Paul-Valéry Montpellier 3 - Faculté des Sciences humaines et des sciences de l'environnement ( UPVM UM3 UFR3), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM), University of Manchester [Manchester], Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Canadian Forest Service - CFS (CANADA), King‘s College London, Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (SBiK-F), Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main-Senckenberg – Leibniz Institution for Biodiversity and Earth System Research - Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Leibniz Association-Leibniz Association, Department of Computer Science [University of Toronto] (DCS), University of Toronto, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), University of Oldenburg, Centro de Investigaciones sobre Desertificacion (CIDE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Leiden University, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Jonah Ventures, Boulder, CO, USA, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (VU), University of Toronto [Scarborough, Canada], Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), CSIC, Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CEAB-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08193 Catalonia, Spain, Hawkesbury Institute for the Environment [Richmond] (HIE), Western Sydney University, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California, Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), University of Tartu, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales [Madrid] (MNCN), Duke University [Durham], Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Oklahoma State University [Stillwater] (OSU), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Universiteit Leiden, University of Toronto at Scarborough, Humboldt University Of Berlin, University of California (UC), Biology, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research, Ecosystem and Landscape Dynamics (IBED, FNWI), Systems Ecology, Station d'Ecologie Théorique et Expérimentale (SETE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Agrobiosciences, Interactions et Biodiversité (FR AIB), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Root (linguistics), Biome, Subspecies, computer.software_genre, 01 natural sciences, Field (computer science), ddc:550, publicly‐available database, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, Database, Ecology, Soil Biology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, PE&RC, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], 550 Geowissenschaften, Level of measurement, Technologie and Innovatie, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trait, Knowledge Technology and Innovation, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, Kennis, Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, Set (abstract data type), functional biogeography, publicly-available database, macroecological studies, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Bodembiologie, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, 15. Life on land, Taxon, Belowground ecology, root traits, Global Root Traits, Data quality, plant form and function, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Kennis, Technologie and Innovatie, computer, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: [Motivation]: Trait data are fundamental to the quantitative description of plant form and function. Although root traits capture key dimensions related to plant responses to changing environmental conditions and effects on ecosystem processes, they have rarely been included in large-scale comparative studies and global models. For instance, root traits remain absent from nearly all studies that define the global spectrum of plant form and function. Thus, to overcome conceptual and methodological roadblocks preventing a widespread integration of root trait data into large-scale analyses we created the Global Root Trait (GRooT) Database. GRooT provides ready to use data by combining the expertise of root ecologists with data mobilization and curation. Specifically, we (a) determined a set of core root traits relevant to the description of plant form and function based on an assessment by experts, (b) maximized species coverage through data standardization within and among traits, and (c) implemented data quality checks., [Main types of variables contained]: GRooT contains 114,222 trait records on 38 continuous root traits.Spatial location and grain: Global coverage with data from arid, continental, polar, temperate and tropical biomes. Data on root traits were derived from experimental studies and field studies., [Time period and grain]: Data were recorded between 1911 and 2019., [Major taxa and level of measurement]: GRooT includes root trait data for which taxonomic information is available. Trait records vary in their taxonomic resolution, with subspecies or varieties being the highest and genera the lowest taxonomic resolution available. It contains information for 184 subspecies or varieties, 6,214 species, 1,967 genera and 254 families. Owing to variation in data sources, trait records in the database include both individual observations and mean values., [Software format]: GRooT includes two csv files. A GitHub repository contains the csv files and a script in R to query the database., The study has been supported by the TRY initiative on plant traits (http://www.try-db.org). The TRY initiative and database are hosted, developed and maintained at the Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, Germany. TRY is currently supported by DIVERSITAS/Future Earth and the German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig. Open access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL.
Published: 2020
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31. Multiple cropping systems of the world and the potential for increasing cropping intensity

Author: Jan Philipp Dietrich, Mario Herrero, Katharina Waha, Philip K. Thornton, Felix T. Portmann, Alberte Bondeau, Stefan Siebert, CSIRO Agriculture and Food (CSIRO), Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research (PIK), Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-use, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], International Livestock Research Institute [CGIAR, Nairobi] (ILRI), International Livestock Research Institute [CGIAR, Ethiopie] (ILRI), Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR)-Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research [CGIAR] (CGIAR), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU), Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land-use [University of Göttingen] (CBL), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, and Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Double cropping, Geography, Planning and Development, Land management, Context (language use), 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Multiple cropping, Global crop production, 01 natural sciences, Article, Harvest frequency, Land use intensity, Agricultural productivity, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, 333,7, Ecology, Land use, Agroforestry, business.industry, Crop yield, Cropping intensity, 15. Life on land, Agriculture, Land sparing, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, business, Cropping
Abstract: Highlights • Global area of different multiple cropping systems quantified for the first time. • Twelve percent of global cropland are used for growing two or three crops in a sequence. • Potential for increasing harvest frequency smaller than previously estimated., Multiple cropping, defined as harvesting more than once a year, is a widespread land management strategy in tropical and subtropical agriculture. It is a way of intensifying agricultural production and diversifying the crop mix for economic and environmental benefits. Here we present the first global gridded data set of multiple cropping systems and quantify the physical area of more than 200 systems, the global multiple cropping area and the potential for increasing cropping intensity. We use national and sub-national data on monthly crop-specific growing areas around the year 2000 (1998–2002) for 26 crop groups, global cropland extent and crop harvested areas to identify sequential cropping systems of two or three crops with non-overlapping growing seasons. We find multiple cropping systems on 135 million hectares (12% of global cropland) with 85 million hectares in irrigated agriculture. 34%, 13% and 10% of the rice, wheat and maize area, respectively are under multiple cropping, demonstrating the importance of such cropping systems for cereal production. Harvesting currently single cropped areas a second time could increase global harvested areas by 87–395 million hectares, which is about 45% lower than previous estimates. Some scenarios of intensification indicate that it could be enough land to avoid expanding physical cropland into other land uses but attainable intensification will depend on the local context and the crop yields attainable in the second cycle and its related environmental costs.
Published: 2020
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32. The fungal collaboration gradient dominates the root economics space in plants

Author: Thomas W. Kuyper, Matthias C. Rillig, Larry M. York, Fons van der Plas, Daniel C. Laughlin, Joana Bergmann, Liesje Mommer, Nathaly R. Guerrero-Ramírez, Helge Bruelheide, Christopher J. Sweeney, Colleen M. Iversen, Oscar J. Valverde-Barrantes, Alexandra Weigelt, Catherine Roumet, Jasper van Ruijven, M. Luke McCormack, Ina C. Meier, Grégoire T. Freschet, Jens Kattge, Marina Semchenko, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research (BBIB), Leipzig University, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), University of Wyoming (UW), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale (SETE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, The Morton Arboretum, Faculty of Life Sciences, The University of Manchester, Limited Liability Company (LLC), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Root (linguistics), Resource (biology), Natural resource economics, Root (chord), Plant Ecology and Nature Conservation, Space (commercial competition), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Outsourcing, Mycorrhizal fungi, Resource Acquisition Is Initialization, Economics, Life Science, Research Articles, Mathematics, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, plants, fungus, Plant Sciences, SciAdv r-articles, 15. Life on land, root, PE&RC, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Trait, Plantenecologie en Natuurbeheer, business, 010606 plant biology & botany, Research Article
Abstract: Collaboration broadens the “root economics space” ranging from “do-it-yourself” to “outsourcing” to mycorrhizal partners., Plant economics run on carbon and nutrients instead of money. Leaf strategies aboveground span an economic spectrum from “live fast and die young” to “slow and steady,” but the economy defined by root strategies belowground remains unclear. Here, we take a holistic view of the belowground economy and show that root-mycorrhizal collaboration can short circuit a one-dimensional economic spectrum, providing an entire space of economic possibilities. Root trait data from 1810 species across the globe confirm a classical fast-slow “conservation” gradient but show that most variation is explained by an orthogonal “collaboration” gradient, ranging from “do-it-yourself” resource uptake to “outsourcing” of resource uptake to mycorrhizal fungi. This broadened “root economics space” provides a solid foundation for predictive understanding of belowground responses to changing environmental conditions.
Published: 2020
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33. Ensemble modelling, uncertainty and robust predictions of organic carbon in long-term bare-fallow soils

Author: Hugues Clivot, Donna Giltrap, Ward Smith, Katrin Kuka, Renáta Sándor, Bertrand Guenet, Mohamed Abdalla, Matthew T. Harrison, Rosa Francaviglia, Fernando Moyano, Brian Grant, Fabien Ferchaud, Gianni Bellocchi, Claire Chenu, Liisa Kulmala, Tommaso Stella, Christopher D. Dorich, Roberta Farina, Jari Liski, Nuala Fitton, Nils Reibold, Anita Shepherd, Elizabeth A. Meier, Sylvie Recous, Claas Nendel, Luca Bechini, Matthew J. McGrath, Pete Smith, Massimiliano De Antoni Migliorati, Arezoo Taghizadeh-Toosi, Miko U. F. Kirschbaum, Fiona Ehrhardt, Elena Tsutskikh, Uwe Franko, Lorenzo Menichetti, Martin A. Bolinder, Jorge Álvaro-Fuentes, Lorenzo Brilli, Jean-François Soussana, Claudia Di Bene, Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria = Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Biological Research Center [Hungarian Academy of Sciences], Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Aberdeen, Fisica de Sistemas Pequenos, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Bologna] (CNR), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement - Antenne Colmar (LAE-Colmar ), Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro - UMR 1158 (BioEcoAgro), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), Queensland University of Technology [Brisbane] (QUT), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Collège de Direction (CODIR), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Manaaki Whenua – Landcare Research [Lincoln], University of Ottawa [Ottawa], Laboratoire de géologie de l'ENS (LGENS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation Energy Technology (CSIRO Energy Technology), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), Göttingen State and University Library (SUB Göttingen), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), University of Potsdam = Universität Potsdam, Fractionnement des AgroRessources et Environnement (FARE), Université de Reims Champagne-Ardenne (URCA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] (CSIC), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Aarhus University [Aarhus], Humboldt University Of Berlin, DEVIL, SUPER-G, French-Italian Galileo program-CLIMSOC project, Joint Programming Initiative 'FACCE', Soils-R-GRREAT, Agriculture & Agri Food Canada, Miljo- og Fodevareministeriet, ANR-16-CONV-0003,CLAND,CLAND : Changement climatique et usage des terres(2016), ANR-13-JFAC-0001,CN-MIP,C and N Models Intercomparison and Improvement to assess management options for GHG mitigation in agrosystems worldwide(2013), European Project: 774378,Horizon 2020,CIRCASA(2017), Consiglio per la Ricerca in Agricoltura e l’analisi dell’economia agraria (CREA), Universidad Autonoma de Madrid (UAM), University of Milan, Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro (Transfrontalière BioEcoAgro), Université d'Artois (UA)-Université de Liège-Université de Picardie Jules Verne (UPJV)-Université du Littoral Côte d'Opale (ULCO)-Université de Lille-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], University of Potsdam, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council, and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, soil organic carbon dynamics, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Soil science, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Standard deviation, protocol for model comparison, Russia, Soil, Calibration, Environmental Chemistry, process based models, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Total organic carbon, Sweden, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, bare-fallow soils, Simulation modeling, Uncertainty, Agriculture, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, European region, Carbon, United Kingdom, process-based models, Term (time), 13. Climate action, Soil water, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Environmental science, France, bare fallow soils, model parametrization
Abstract: International audience; Simulation models represent soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics in global carbon (C) cycle scenarios to support climate-change studies. It is imperative to increase confidence in long-term predictions of SOC dynamics by reducing the uncertainty in model estimates. We evaluated SOC simulated from an ensemble of 26 process-based C models by comparing simulations to experimental data from seven long-term bare-fallow (vegetation-free) plots at six sites: Denmark (two sites), France, Russia, Sweden and the United Kingdom. The decay of SOC in these plots has been monitored for decades since the last inputs of plant material, providing the opportunity to test decomposition without the continuous input of new organic material. The models were run independently over multi-year simulation periods (from 28 to 80 years) in a blind test with no calibration (Bln) and with the following three calibration scenarios, each providing different levels of information and/or allowing different levels of model fitting: (a) calibrating decomposition parameters separately at each experimental site (Spe); (b) using a generic, knowledge-based, parameterization applicable in the Central European region (Gen); and (c) using a combination of both (a) and (b) strategies (Mix). We addressed uncertainties from different modelling approaches with or without spin-up initialization of SOC. Changes in the multi-model median (MMM) of SOC were used as descriptors of the ensemble performance. On average across sites, Gen proved adequate in describing changes in SOC, with MMM equal to average SOC (and standard deviation) of 39.2 (+/- 15.5) Mg C/ha compared to the observed mean of 36.0 (+/- 19.7) Mg C/ha (last observed year), indicating sufficiently reliable SOC estimates. Moving to Mix (37.5 +/- 16.7 Mg C/ha) and Spe (36.8 +/- 19.8 Mg C/ha) provided only marginal gains in accuracy, but modellers would need to apply more knowledge and a greater calibration effort than in Gen, thereby limiting the wider applicability of models
Published: 2020
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34. Configurational crop heterogeneity increases within‐field plant diversity

Author: Gavin M. Siriwardena, Isabelle Badenhausser, Nathalie Patry, Péter Batáry, Irene Robleño, Yann Clough, Romain Georges, Teja Tscharntke, Jean-Louis Martin, Kathryn Lindsay, Jacques Baudry, Nicole Yaverscovski, Vincent Bretagnolle, Lluís Brotons, Brigitte Poulin, Jordi Recasens, François Calatayud, Jesús Miñano, Annick Gibon, Audrey Alignier, Nicolas Gross, Aliette Bosem Baillod, David Giralt, Françoise Burel, Cyrille Violle, Jude Girard, Paul Miguet, Barbara Baraibar, Colette Bertrand, Lenore Fahrig, Laura Henckel, Xavier O. Solé-Senan, Clélia Sirami, Annika L. Hass, Scott Mitchell, Gerard Bota, Aude Vialatte, Romain Carrié, Biodiversité agroécologie et aménagement du paysage (UMR BAGAP), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Universitat de Lleida, Pennsylvania State University (Penn State), Penn State System, Biology, Geomatics and Landscape Ecology Research Laboratory, Carleton University, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Dynamiques et écologie des paysages agriforestiers (DYNAFOR), École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), British Trust for Ornithology (BTO), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Agroscope FAL Reckenholz (AGROSCOPE), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Unité de Recherche Pluridisciplinaire Prairies et Plantes Fourragères (P3F), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals (CREAF), Lund University [Lund], Department of Biology, Carleton University (Carleton University), Station Biologique de la Tour du Valat, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Institute of Biochemistry and MTA SZBK 'Lendület' Laboratory of Cell Cycle Regulation, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, ANR‐11‐EBID‐0004, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Canada Foundation for Innovation, ANR-11-EBID-0004,FarmLand,European Network on Farmland Heterogeneity, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services(2011), Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Zone Atelier Plaine et Val de Sèvre [LTSER France], and Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Gamma diversity, media_common.quotation_subject, Biodiversity, Males herbes--Control, Conreus, farmland, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Competition (biology), Crop, field border, crop mosaic, Agricultural productivity, Crop mosaic, media_common, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, business.industry, Agroforestry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, landscape composition, landscape configuration, Biodiversitat--Conservació, 15. Life on land, Field border, Paisatge, Geography, Agriculture, diversity partitioning, Biodiversity and ecosystem services, Alpha diversity, biodiversity conservation, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Weed, business, weed
Abstract: 1. Increasing landscape heterogeneity by restoring semi-natural elements to reverse farmland biodiversity declines is not always economically feasible or acceptable to farmers due to competition for land. We hypothesized that increasing the hetero-geneity of the crop mosaic itself, hereafter referred to as crop heterogeneity, can have beneficial effects on within-field plant diversity .2. Using a unique multi-country dataset from a cross-continent collaborative project covering 1,451 agricultural fields within 432 landscapes in Europe and Canada, we assessed the relative effects of compositional and configurational crop heteroge-neity on within-field plant diversity components. We also examined how these relationships were modulated by the position within the field. 3. We found strong positive effects of configurational crop heterogeneity on within-field plant alpha and gamma diversity in field interiors. These effects were as high as the effect of semi-natural cover. In field borders, effects of crop heterogeneity were limited to alpha diversity. We suggest that a heterogeneous crop mosaic may overcome the high negative impact of management practices on plant diversity in field interiors, whereas in field borders, where plant diversity is already high, landscape effects are more limited. 4. Synthesis and applications. Our study shows that increasing configurational crop heterogeneity is beneficial to within-field plant diversity. It opens up a new effec-tive and complementary way to promote farmland biodiversity without taking land out of agricultural production. We therefore recommend adopting manipulation of crop heterogeneity as a specific, effective management option in future policy measures, perhaps adding to agri-environment schemes, to contribute to the con-servation of farmland plant diversity. Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada; German Ministry of Research and Education; Agence Nationale de la Recherche, Grant/Award Number: ANR-11-EBID-0004; Canada Foundation for Innovation; German Research Foundation; Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness; Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada; French National Research Agency, Grant/Award Number: ANR-11-EBID-0004; UK Government Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs; Environment Canada (EC)
Published: 2020
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35. Why do crop models diverge substantially in climate impact projections? A comprehensive analysis based on eight barley crop models

Author: Kurt Christian Kersebaum, Frank Ewert, Carlos Gregorio Hernández Díaz-Ambrona, Pierre Martre, Fulu Tao, Tapio Salo, Camilla Dibari, Xenia Specka, Lucía Rodríguez, Roberto Ferrise, Amit Kumar Srivastava, G. Padovan, Taru Palosuo, Davide Cammarano, Margarita Ruiz-Ramos, M. Ines Minguez, Alan H. Schulman, Mikhail A. Semenov, Thomas Gaiser, Claas Nendel, Reimund P. Rötter, Jukka Höhn, Viikki Plant Science Centre (ViPS), Institute of Biotechnology, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Centre for Biodiversity and Sustainable Land Use (CBL), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Rothamsted Research, Leibniz-Zentrum für Agrarlandschaftsforschung = Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research (ZALF), Department of Agronomy, Purdue University [West Lafayette], Crop Science Group, INRES, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Écophysiologie des Plantes sous Stress environnementaux (LEPSE), Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Helsinki, FACCE-MACSUR knowledge hub (031A103B), Academy of Finland through projects AI-CropPro (decision no. 316172), DivCSA (decision no. 316215), Natural Resources Institute Finland through strategic projects ClimSmartAgri and Boost-IA, German Federal Ministry of Education and Research, ‘Limpopo Living Landscapes’ project within the SPACES program (grant number 01LL1304A), IMPAC^3 project funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (FKZ 031A351A), MULCLIVAR CGL2012-38923-C02-02 from MINECO and by MACSUR01-UPM from INIA within FACCE-JPI, German Federal Ministry of Food and Agriculture (BMEL) through the Federal Office for Agriculture and Food (BLE), (2851ERA01J), German Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF), 031B0039C, FACCE-MACSUR project (031A103B) through the metaprogramme on Adaptation of Agriculture and Forests to Climate Change (AAFCC) of the French National Institute for Agricultural Research (INRA), FACCE-JPI project ClimBar (Academy of Finland decision 284987), JPI FACCE MACSUR2 through the Italian Ministry for Agricultural, Food, and Forestry Policies, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC) Designing Future Wheat project (BB/P016855/1)., European Project: 613556,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2013-7-single-stage,WHEALBI(2014), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, AIR CO2 ENRICHMENT, Climate change, Crop growth simulation, Agricultural engineering, SIMULATION-MODELS, 01 natural sciences, NITROGEN DYNAMICS, Evapotranspiration, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Precipitation, ATMOSPHERIC CO2, FIELD EXPERIMENT, TEMPERATURE, 1172 Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Global and Planetary Change, Biomass (ecology), RICE PHENOLOGY, WHEAT GROWTH, Crop growth stimulation, business.industry, Model improvement, Global warming, Uncertainty, Forestry, Agriculture, 15. Life on land, 11831 Plant biology, [INFO.INFO-MO]Computer Science [cs]/Modeling and Simulation, Impact, Boreal, 13. Climate action, 415 Other agricultural sciences, Environmental science, business, ELEVATED CO2, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Robust projections of climate impact on crop growth and productivity by crop models are key to designing effective adaptations to cope with future climate risk. However, current crop models diverge strongly in their climate impact projections. Previous studies tried to compare or improve crop models regarding the impact of one single climate variable. However, this approach is insufficient, considering that crop growth and yield are affected by the interactive impacts of multiple climate change factors and multiple interrelated biophysical processes. Here, a new comprehensive analysis was conducted to look holistically at the reasons why crop models diverge substantially in climate impact projections and to investigate which biophysical processes and knowledge gaps are key factors affecting this uncertainty and should be given the highest priorities for improvement. First, eight barley models and eight climate projections for the 2050s were applied to investigate the uncertainty from crop model structure in climate impact projections for barley growth and yield at two sites: Jokioinen, Finland (Boreal) and Lleida, Spain (Mediterranean). Sensitivity analyses were then conducted on the responses of major crop processes to major climatic variables including temperature, precipitation, irradiation, and CO2, as well as their interactions, for each of the eight crop models. The results showed that the temperature and CO2 relationships in the models were the major sources of the large discrepancies among the models in climate impact projections. In particular, the impacts of increases in temperature and CO2 on leaf area development were identified as the major causes for the large uncertainty in simulating changes in evapotranspiration, above-ground biomass, and grain yield. Our findings highlight that advancements in understanding the basic processes and thresholds by which climate warming and CO2 increases will affect leaf area development, crop evapotranspiration, photosynthesis, and grain formation in contrasting environments are needed for modeling their impacts.
Published: 2020
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36. Modeling the impacts of diffuse light fraction on photosynthesis in ORCHIDEE (v5453) land surface model

Author: Y. Zhang, A. Bastos, F. Maignan, D. Goll, O. Boucher, L. Li, A. Cescatti, N. Vuichard, X. Chen, C. Ammann, M. A. Arain, T. A. Black, B. Chojnicki, T. Kato, I. Mammarella, L. Montagnani, O. Roupsard, M. J. Sanz, L. Siebicke, M. Urbaniak, F. P. Vaccari, G. Wohlfahrt, W. Woodgate, P. Ciais, Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of Augsburg [Augsburg], Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Sun Yat-Sen University [Guangzhou] (SYSU), Agroscope, McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], University of British Columbia (UBC), Poznan University of Life Sciences (Uniwersytet Przyrodniczy w Poznaniu) (PULS), Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], University of Helsinki, Forest Services and Agency for the Environment, Autonomous Province of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy, Free University of Bozen-Bolzano, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), LMI IESOL Intensification Ecologique des Sols Cultivés en Afrique de l’Ouest [Dakar] (IESOL), Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD [Sénégal]), Universidad del Pais Vasco / Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea [Espagne] (UPV/EHU), Fundación Ikerbasque [Bilbao], Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Institute of Bioeconomy (IBE), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), University of Queensland [Brisbane], ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), European Research Council (grant no. SyG-2013-610028), the ANR CLAND Convergence Institute (grant no. 16-CONV-0003), the ANR China Trend Stream, 4C project. Bogdan Cho-jnicki was supported by the National Science Foundation, Poland (grant no. UMO-2017/27/B/ST10/02228), within the framework of the 'Carbon dioxide uptake potential of sphagnum peatlands in the context of atmospheric optical parameters and climate changes' (KUSCO2) project., ANR-15-CE01-0011,CHINA-TREND-STREAM,Tendances des deux grands fleuves Chinois, effets de l'usage des sols et du changement climatique(2015), ANR-16-CONV-0003,CLAND,CLAND : Changement climatique et usage des terres(2016), INAR Physics, Micrometeorology and biogeochemical cycles, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Augsburg (UNIA), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Ikerbasque - Basque Foundation for Science, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institute for BioEconomy [Sesto Fiorentino] (IBE | CNR), and National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR)
Subjects: Lumière du jour, 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, aerosol, Cloud cover, Flux, cloud cover, Atmospheric model, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, ddc:550, Aérosol, cloud, Photosynthèse, Dispersion de la lumière, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, lcsh:QE1-996.5, General Medicine, air quality, air temperature, P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, Sciences du sol, Carbone organique du sol, light effect, Eddy covariance, atmospheric modeling, Photosynthesis, 114 Physical sciences, environmental impact, Carbon cycle, Couvert, carbon cycle, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, photosynthesis, land surface, Primary production, 15. Life on land, lcsh:Geology, Modélisation, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Cycle du carbone, numerical model, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Aerosol- and cloud-induced changes in diffuselight have important impacts on the global land carbon cy-cle, as they alter light distribution and photosynthesis in veg-etation canopies. However, this effect remains poorly rep-resented or evaluated in current land surface models. Here,we add a light partitioning module and a new canopy lighttransmission module to the ORCHIDEE (Organising Car-bon and Hydrology In Dynamic Ecosystems) land surfacemodel (trunk version, v5453) and use the revised model, OR-CHIDEE_DF, to estimate the fraction of diffuse light andits effect on gross primary production (GPP) in a multilayercanopy. We evaluate the new parameterizations using fluxobservations from 159 eddy covariance sites over the globe.Our results show that, compared with the original model,ORCHIDEE_DF improves the GPP simulation under sunnyconditions and captures the observed higher photosynthe-sis under cloudier conditions in most plant functional types(PFTs). Our results also indicate that the larger GPP undercloudy conditions compared with sunny conditions is mainlydriven by increased diffuse light in the morning and in theafternoon as well as by a decreased vapor pressure deficit(VPD) and decreased air temperature at midday. The obser-vations show that the strongest positive effects of diffuse lighton photosynthesis are found in the range from 5 to 20◦C andat a VPD < 1 kPa. This effect is found to decrease when theVPD becomes too large or the temperature falls outside of theabovementioned range, which is likely due to the increasingstomatal resistance to leaf CO2uptake. ORCHIDEE_DF un-derestimates the diffuse light effect at low temperature in allPFTs and overestimates this effect at high temperature and ata high VPD in grasslands and croplands. The new model hasthe potential to better investigate the impact of large-scaleaerosol changes and long-term changes in cloudiness on theterrestrial carbon budget, both in the historical period and inthe context of future air quality policies and/or climate engi-neering This research has been supported by the Eu- ropean Research Council (grant no. SyG-2013-610028), the ANR CLAND Convergence Institute (grant no. 16-CONV-0003), the ANR China Trend Stream and the new 4C project. Bogdan Cho-jnicki was supported by the National Science Foundation, Poland (grant no. UMO-2017/27/B/ST10/02228), within the framework of the “Carbon dioxide uptake potential of sphagnum peatlands in the context of atmospheric optical parameters and climate changes” (KUSCO2) project.
Published: 2020
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37. Transdisciplinary Bioblitz: Rapid biotic and abiotic inventory allows studying environmental changes over 60 years at the Biological Field Station of Paimpont (Brittany, France) and opens new interdisciplinary research opportunities

Author: Jérémie Blémus, Cécile Monard, Régis Supper, Elora Benezeth, Alain Rissel, Guillaume Humbert, Philippe Vernon, Julien Pétillon, Myriam Bormans, Astrid Bütof, Glenn F Dubois, Maël Garrin, Eric Collias, Annegret Nicolai, Hughes Chedanne, Martin Potthoff, Hoël Hotte, Claudia Wiegand, Olivier Norvez, Barbara Mai, Pascaline Le Gouar, Cécile Le Lann, Christophe Piscart, Benoît Froger, Daniel Cluzeau, Grégoire Perez, Thomas Dubos, Tiphaine Ouisse, Sébastien Dugravot, Morgane Hervé, Maxime Poupelin, Dominique Vallet, Sarah Guillocheau, Grégoire Loïs, Kévin Tougeron, Guillaume Bouger, Alexandrine Pannard, Odile Marie-Réau, Gaëlle Richard, Pierre Devogel, Céline Rochais, Erik Welk, Manon Balbi, Lou Barbe, Jean-Pierre Caudal, Yann Rantier, Joël Esnault, Vincent Jung, Muriel Guernion, Lina Sene, Mathurin Carnet, Alain Bellido, Maryvonne Charrier, Kevin Hoeffner, Dominique Marguerie, Daniel Cylly, Valérie Briand, Mathieu Santonja, Audrey Chambet, Clément Gouraud, Jacques-Olivier Farcy, Maxime Dahirel, Alain Butet, Khaoula Ayati, Nelly Ménard, Station Biologique de Paimpont CNRS UMR 6653 (OSUR), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Centre de recherche en économie et management (CREM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMS 3343 (OSU), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Géoarchitecture : Territoires, Urbanisation, Biodiversité, Environnement, Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Brest (UBO), Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique (UMR 8539) (LMD), Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-École polytechnique (X)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre de Recherches Historiques de l'Ouest (CERHIO), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GRoupe d'ÉTude des Invertébrés Armoricains (GRETIA), Commission de culture scientifique et technique, Conservatoire Botanique National de Brest (CBN), SAD Paysage (SAD Paysage), AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Martin-Luther-Universität Halle Wittenberg (MLU), Cercle Naturaliste des Etudiants Rennais (CNER), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Bretagne Vivante - Société pour l'Etude et la Protection de la Nature en Bretagne (SEPNB), Ethologie animale et humaine (EthoS), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Université de Carthage - University of Carthage, Encyclopédie de Brocéliande, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Université de Rennes (UR)-Université de Brest (UBO), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-École des Ponts ParisTech (ENPC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Département des Géosciences - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Chercheur indépendant, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 - UFR de Médecine Pierre et Marie Curie (UPMC), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Bretagne Vivante, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, UCL - SST/ELI/ELIB - Biodiversity, Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Avignon Université (AU)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Range (biology), photographical landscape observation, Biodiversity & Conservation, Biodiversity, physico-chemical parameters, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, soil biota, 03 medical and health sciences, historical biodiversity data, terrestrial, multi-trophic sampling, citizen science, Ecology & Environmental sciences, Citizen science, Animalia, Protozoa, Plantae, lcsh:QH301-705.5, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Aquatic biology, Abiotic component, Chromista, Bacteria, Ecology, Land use, long-term survey, Fungi, land use, Plant community, aquatic, 15. Life on land, Data Paper (Biosciences), plant communities, Europe, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, Habitat, lcsh:Biology (General), ATBI, 13. Climate action, BioBlitz, multi-habitat cartography, aqua, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Background - The Biological Field Station of Paimpont (Station Biologique de Paimpont, SBP), owned by the University of Rennes and located in the Brocéliande Forest of Brittany (France), has been hosting student scientific research and field trips during the last 60 years. The study area of the SBP is a landscape mosaic of 17 ha composed of gorse moors, forests, prairies, ponds and creeks. Land use has evolved over time. Historical surveys by students and researchers focused on insects and birds. With this study, we aimed to increase the range of taxa observations, document changes in species composition and landscape and provide a basis for interdisciplinary research perspectives. We gathered historical data, implemented an all-taxon biodiversity inventory (ATBI) in different habitats of the SBP study area, measured abiotic factors in the air, water and soil and performed a photographical landscape observation during the BioBlitz held in July 2017. New information - During the 24 h BioBlitz, organised by the SBP and the EcoBio lab from the University of Rennes and the French National Center of Scientific Research (CNRS), different habitats were individually sampled. Seventy-seven experts, accompanied by 120 citizens and 12 young people participating in the European Volunteer Service, observed, identified and databased 660 species covering 5 kingdoms, 8 phyla, 21 classes, 90 orders and 247 families. In total, there were 1819 occurrences including records identified to higher taxon ranks, thereby adding one more kingdom and four more phyla. Historical data collection resulted in 1176 species and 4270 occurrences databased. We also recorded 13 climatic parameters, 10 soil parameters and 18 water parameters during the BioBlitz. Current habitats were mapped and socio-ecological landscape changes were assessed with a diachronic approach using 32 historical photographs and historical maps. The coupling of historical biodiversity data with new biotic and abiotic data and a photographic comparison of landscape changes allows an integrative understanding of how the SBP changed from agriculturally-used land to a managed natural area within the last 60 years. Hence, this BioBlitz represents an important holistic sampling of biodiversity for studies on trophic webs or on trophic interactions or on very diverse, but connected, habitats. The integration of social, biotic and abiotic data opens innovative research opportunities on the evolution of socio-ecosystems and landscapes.
Published: 2020
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38. Precipitation Partitioning—Hydrologic Highways Between Microbial Communities of the Plant Microbiome?

Author: Yakov Kuzyakov, Donát Magyar, Kyaw Aung, Stéphane Uroz, Eria A. Rebollar, Cindy E. Morris, John T. Van Stan, Philippe Vandenkoornhuyse, Mitja N. P. Remus-Emsermann, Georgia Southern University, University System of Georgia (USG), Unité de Pathologie Végétale (PV), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Iowa State University (ISU), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], National center for public health [Hungary], Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), University of Canterbury [Christchurch], Interactions Arbres-Microorganismes (IAM), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), van Stan John Toland, Gutmann Ethan, Friesen Jan, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México = National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), and Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Stemflow, Plant microbiome, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Ecohydrology, Ecosystem, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 0303 health sciences, Bacteria, Ecology, Pedosphere, Fungi, 15. Life on land, Throughfall, Archaea, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Habitat, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Interception, Phyllosphere
Abstract: International audience; There are multiple distinct habitats for microbiota inhabiting the plant microbiome (phyllosphere, endosphere, litter, rhizosphere) and habitats that act as additional sources (and sinks) of microbes and nutrients for the plant microbiome (atmosphere, pedosphere, bedrock, and fauna). These habitats harbor distinctive microbial communities that differ in structure, composition, function, and spatiotemporal dynamics. Each habitat also differs in the mechanisms that provide “gateways” of exchange of microbes (and microbial products) between two communities, or in their access to “highways” that connect multiple communities. Of the environmental processes driving microbial community exchanges, precipitation events seem to represent the only one highway that can connect all the abovementioned habitats—the “hydrologic highway”. When precipitation contacts plants, it is partitioned into interception (water stored on, and evaporated from, plant surfaces), throughfall (water that drips from canopy surfaces and through gaps), and stemflow (water that is drained down the stem). This chapter describes the ways that precipitation partitioning in vegetated ecosystems (into interception, throughfall, and stemflow) may connect microbial communities from the top (atmospheric boundary layer) to the bottom (bedrock face) of the critical zone via these hydrologic highways.
Published: 2020
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39. The Eurasian Modern Pollen Database (EMPD), version 2

Author: Juliana Atanassova, Christine M. Åkesson, Piotr Kołaczek, Marco Zanon, Kari Loe Hjelle, Lyudmila S. Shumilovskikh, Heikki Seppä, Nathalie Combourieu-Nebout, Vachel A. Carter, James Edward Schofield, Krystyna Milecka, Iria García-Moreiras, Takeshi Nakagawa, Walter Finsinger, Willy Tinner, Castor Muñoz Sobrino, Anne Birgitte Nielsen, José Antonio López-Sáez, Elena Marinova, Philipp Stojakowits, Tatiana G. Antipina, Silvia Sabariego Ruiz, Roman Abegglen, Vlasta Jankovská, Oksana G. Zanina, Mariusz Gałka, Arsenii T. Galimov, Maria Papadopoulou, Manfred Rösch, Kevin J. Edwards, Patricia L. Fall, Basil A. S. Davis, Philipp Sommer, Elissaveta Bozilova, Ulrike Herzschuh, Verushka Valsecchi, Natalia Ryabogina, Ikuko Kitaba, Elena Novenko, Michelle Leydet, Anna Pędziszewska, Nata K. Panova, Almut Mrotzek, Donatella Magri, Eleonora Clo, Isabelle Matthias, R. Scott Anderson, Tatiana Blyakharchuk, Kazimierz Tobolski, Vincent Lebreton, Leanne N. Phelps, Irina G. Gvozdeva, André F. Lotter, Nina I. Belyanina, Assunta Florenzano, William J. Fletcher, Ioan Tantau, Suzanne A.G. Leroy, Roxana Grindean, Normunds Stivrins, Elena G. Lapteva, Francisca Alba-Sánchez, J. Sakari Salonen, Tatiana I. Petrenko, Tatyana V. Sapelko, Angelica Feurdean, Anna Maria Mercuri, Yuri A. Mikishin, G Furlanetto, Susanne Jahns, Cesare Ravazzi, Helena Svobodova Svitavska, Anastasia Mavridou, Carlo Alessandro Montanari, Jose Manuel Mesa-Fernández, Sampson Panajiotidis, Ruth Beer, Stéphanie Desprat, Federico Di Rita, María J. Ramos-Román, Emna Gaceur, Joanna Święta-Musznicka, Małgorzata Latałowa, Thomas Giesecke, Olga K. Borisova, Galina Bukreeva, M. Jane Bunting, Manuel Chevalier, Achille Mauri, Maria Angela Guido, Darya A. Lopatina, César Morales-Molino, Spassimir Tonkov, Marcelina Zimny, Monika Karpińska-Kołaczek, Sergey Ivanov, Gonzalo Jiménez-Moreno, Daniele Colombaroli, Morteza Djamali, Heather S. Pardoe, Olga D. Naidina, Margarita Tsakiridou, Université de Lausanne, Swiss National Science Foundation, López Sáez, José Antonio [0000-0002-3122-2744], Institute of Earth Surface Dynamics [Lausanne], Université de Lausanne = University of Lausanne (UNIL), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Charles University [Prague] (CU), Lomonosov Moscow State University (MSU), Oeschger Centre for Climate Change Research (OCCR), University of Bern, Histoire naturelle de l'Homme préhistorique (HNHP), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of physical chemistry, Uppsala University, Senckenberg biodiversität und klima forschungszentrum (BIK-F), Forschungsinstitut Senckenberg (SGN), Laboratorio di Palinologia e Paleobotanica, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Department of Palynology and Climate Dynamics, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Natural History Collections, University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), A.F. Ioffe Physical-Technical Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Brandenburgisches Landesamt für Denkmalpflege und Archäologisches Landesmuseum, Universidad de Granada = University of Granada (UGR), Institute of Geoecology and Geoinformation, Department of Plant Ecology, Gdansk University, University of Gdańsk (UG), Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Humaines (Lares-Las), Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Dipartimento di biologia ambientale, Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome] (UNIROMA), Department of Botany, Sofia University 'St. Kliment Ohridski', NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), Department of Biogeography and Palaeoecology, Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie (IMEP), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Avignon Université (AU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Lund University [Lund], Laboratoire d'Informatique, Systèmes, Traitement de l'Information et de la Connaissance (LISTIC), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), CNR-IDPA, Dipartimento di Scienze dell'Ambiente e del Territorio, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca = University of Milano-Bicocca (UNIMIB), Department of Physics and Astronomy [Turku], University of Turku, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Department of Geography [Riga], Софийски университет = Sofia University, University of Portsmouth, Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Avignon Université (AU), López Sáez, José Antonio, Davis, B, Chevalier, M, Sommer, P, Carter, V, Finsinger, W, Mauri, A, Phelps, L, Zanon, M, Abegglen, R, Akesson, C, Alba-Sanchez, F, Scott Anderson, R, Antipina, T, Atanassova, J, Beer, R, Belyanina, N, Blyakharchuk, T, Borisova, O, Bozilova, E, Bukreeva, G, Jane Bunting, M, Clo, E, Colombaroli, D, Combourieu-Nebout, N, Desprat, S, Di Rita, F, Djamali, M, Edwards, K, Fall, P, Feurdean, A, Fletcher, W, Florenzano, A, Furlanetto, G, Gaceur, E, Galimov, A, Galka, M, Garcia-Moreiras, I, Giesecke, T, Grindean, R, Guido, M, Gvozdeva, I, Herzschuh, U, Hjelle, K, Ivanov, S, Jahns, S, Jankovska, V, Jimenez-Moreno, G, Karpinska-Kolaczek, M, Kitaba, I, Kolaczek, P, Lapteva, E, Latalowa, M, Lebreton, V, Leroy, S, Leydet, M, Lopatina, D, Lopez-Saez, J, Lotter, A, Magri, D, Marinova, E, Matthias, I, Mavridou, A, Mercuri, A, Mesa-Fernandez, J, Mikishin, Y, Milecka, K, Montanari, C, Morales-Molino, C, Mrotzek, A, Sobrino, C, Naidina, O, Nakagawa, T, Nielsen, A, Novenko, E, Panajiotidis, S, Panova, N, Papadopoulou, M, Pardoe, H, Pedziszewska, A, Petrenko, T, Ramos-Roman, M, Ravazzi, C, Rosch, M, Ryabogina, N, Ruiz, S, Sakari Salonen, J, Sapelko, T, Schofield, J, Seppa, H, Shumilovskikh, L, Stivrins, N, Stojakowits, P, Svitavska, H, Swieta-Musznicka, J, Tantau, I, Tinner, W, Tobolski, K, Tonkov, S, Tsakiridou, M, Valsecchi, V, Zanina, O, Zimny, M, University of St Andrews. School of Geography & Sustainable Development, University of St Andrews. Environmental Change Research Group, Department of Geosciences and Geography, Université de Lausanne (UNIL), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Departamento de Estratigrafía y Paleontología, Universidad de Granada, Universidad de Granada (UGR), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Sofia University 'Sv. Kliment Ohridski', Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1, Department of Geology, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-22362 Lund, Sweden, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca [Milano] (UNIMIB), University of Helsinki, and University of Sofia
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, LAKE CONSTANCE REGION, Palynology Palaeoecology Palaeoclimatology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, HUMAN IMPACT, recent pollen deposition, 580 Plants (Botany), medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, 2417.10 Paleobotánica, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, ddc:550, SURFACE POLLEN, SOUTHERN NORWAY, SDG 13 - Climate Action, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, lcsh:Environmental sciences, SDG 15 - Life on Land, lcsh:GE1-350, 0303 health sciences, CLIMATE-CHANGE, GE, APUSENI NATURAL PARK, lcsh:QE1-996.5, Foundation (engineering), European pollen database, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Europe, LAST GLACIAL MAXIMUM, Geography, NORTHERN IBERIAN PLATEAU, pollen, GE Environmental Sciences, 1171 Geosciences, 010506 paleontology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Earth and Planetary Sciences(all), Library science, Climate change, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010603 evolutionary biology, neotoma, 03 medical and health sciences, Eurasian Modern Pollen Database, 2502.05 Paleoclimatología, Pollen, medicine, SIERRA-NEVADA, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 030304 developmental biology, Botánica, HOLOCENE VEGETATION HISTORY, DAS, 15. Life on land, 2416.03 Palinología, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, lcsh:Geology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], MCP, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: The Eurasian (née European) Modern Pollen Database (EMPD) was established in 2013 to provide a public database of high-quality modern pollen surface samples to help support studies of past climate, land cover, and land use using fossil pollen. The EMPD is part of, and complementary to, the European Pollen Database (EPD) which contains data on fossil pollen found in Late Quaternary sedimentary archives throughout the Eurasian region. The EPD is in turn part of the rapidly growing Neotoma database, which is now the primary home for global palaeoecological data. This paper describes version 2 of the EMPD in which the number of samples held in the database has been increased by 60% from 4826 to 8134. Much of the improvement in data coverage has come from northern Asia, and the database has consequently been renamed the Eurasian Modern Pollen Database to reflect this geographical enlargement. The EMPD can be viewed online using a dedicated map-based viewer at https://empd2.github.io and downloaded in a variety of file formats at https: //doi.pangaea.de/10.1594/PANGAEA.909130 (Chevalier et al., 2019)., Swiss National Science Foundation (SNSF) 200021_169598, University of Lausanne
Published: 2020
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40. Globally consistent impact of tropical cyclones on the structure of tropical and subtropical forests

Author: Gunnar Keppel, Thomas W. Gillespie, Matthieu Lengaigne, Thomas Ibanez, Morgan Mangeas, Philippe Birnbaum, Christophe E. Menkès, Gonzalo Rivas-Torres, Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien (IAC), University of Göttingen, University of Göttigen, University of South Australia [Adelaide], Processus et interactions de fine échelle océanique (PROTEO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geography, Escuela Militar de Ingeniería (EMI), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California, Océan et variabilité du climat (VARCLIM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Universidad San Francisco de Quito (EQUATEUR), Agency for Economic and Environmental Development (DDEE) of the North Province of New Caledonia, Alexander von Humboldt fellowship, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Ibanez, Thomas, Keppel, Gunnar, Menkes, Christophe, Gillespie, Thomas W., Lengaigne, Matthieu, Mangeas, Morgan, Rivas-Torres, Gonzalo, Birnbaum, Philippe, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), University of California (UC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), and Universidad San Francisco de Quito (USFQ)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Canopy, Canopy height, Tropical dry forest, Plant Science, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Basal area, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Régénération, Forêt tropicale humide, Tropical humid forest, tropical humid forest, Ecology, [SDV.BV.BOT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Cyclone, basal area, Typhoon, power dissipation index, Tropical cyclone, Tropical and subtropical dry broadleaf forests, canopy height, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, Subtropics, Catastrophe naturelle, Mortalité, 010603 evolutionary biology, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, stem density, surface terrière, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Changement climatique, Stem density, Forest inventory, 15. Life on land, Ouragan, Hurricanes, 13. Climate action, tropical dry forest, Environmental science, Couvert forestier, hurricanes, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, typhoons, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Tropical cyclones (TCs) are large‐scale disturbances that regularly impact tropical forests. Although long‐term impacts of TCs on forest structure have been proposed,a global test of the relationship between forest structure and TC frequency and intensity is lacking. We test on a pantropical scale whether TCs shape the structure of tropical and subtropical forests in the long term. We compiled forest structural features (stem density, basal area, mean canopy height and maximum tree size) for plants ≥10 cm in diameter at breast height from published forest inventory data (438 plots ≥0.1 ha, pooled into 250 1 × 1‐degree grid cells) located in dry and humid forests. We computed maps of cyclone frequency and energy released by cyclones per unit area (power dissipation index,PDI) using a high‐resolution historical database of TCs trajectories and intensities.We then tested the relationship between PDI and forest structural features using multivariate linear models, controlling for climate (mean annual temperature and water availability) and human disturbance (human foot print). Forests subject to frequent cyclones (at least one TCs per decade) and high PDI exhibited higher stem density and basal area, and lower canopy heights. However,the relationships between PDI and basal area or canopy height were partially masked by lower water availability and higher human foot print in tropical dry forests. Synthesis. Our results provide the first evidence that tropical cyclones have a long term impact on the structure of tropical and subtropical forests in a globally consistent way. The strong relationship between power dissipation index and stem density suggests that frequent and intense tropical cyclones reduce canopy cover through defoliation and tree mortality, encouraging higher regeneration and turnover of biomass. The projected increase in intensity and pole ward extension of tropical cyclones due to anthropogenic climate change may therefore have important and lasting impacts on the structure and dynamics of forests in the future. Refereed/Peer-reviewed
Published: 2018
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41. Late-glacial and Holocene European pollen data

Author: Basil A. S. Davis, Steffen Wolters, Graciela Gil-Romera, Richard H. W. Bradshaw, Walter Finsinger, Ralph Fyfe, Heather Binney, Michelle Leydet, Petr Kuneš, Jacques-Louis de Beaulieu, Thomas Giesecke, Norbert Kühl, Simon Brewer, University of Utah, Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Université de Genève ( UNIGE ), Centre de Bio-Archéologie et d'Ecologie ( CBAE ), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), University of Southampton [Southampton], Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale ( IMBE ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ), School of Geography, University of Plymouth-University of Plymouth, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), Steinmann-Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie und Paläontologie, Bonn Universität [Bonn], Charles University [Prague], School of Environmental Sciences, University of Liverpool, University of Liverpool, Department of Geography, University of Liverpool-University of Liverpool, ÉcolePolytechniqueFédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), School of Architecture, Civil and Environmental, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier ( ISEM ), Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Méditerranéen d'Ecologie et de Paléoécologie ( IMEP ), Université Paul Cézanne - Aix-Marseille 3-Université de Provence - Aix-Marseille 1-Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université d'Avignon et des Pays de Vaucluse ( UAPV ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Southampton, Institut méditerranéen de biodiversité et d'écologie marine et continentale (IMBE), Avignon Université (AU)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UMR237-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Plymouth University-Plymouth University, Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologìa = Pyrenean Institute of Ecology [Zaragoza] (IPE - CSIC), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Charles University [Prague] (CU), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Université de Genève (UNIGE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Instituto Pirenaico de Ecologia (IPE), and Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC)
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [ SDV.BV.BOT ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Botanics, Geography, Planning and Development, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, [ SDV.SA.SF ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Abundance (ecology), vegetation, lcsh:G3180-9980, Pollen, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), medicine, [ SDU.ENVI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Glacial period, Environmental history, [ SDV.BIBS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], Holocene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:Maps, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Europe, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Taxon, Geography, Climatology, European Pollen Database, late-glacial, Physical geography, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, [ SDE.ES ] Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society
Abstract: International audience; The European Pollen Database (EPD) is a community effort to archive and make available pollen sequences from across the European continent. Pollen sequences provide records that may be used to infer past vegetation and vegetation change. We present here maps based on 828 sites from the EPD giving an overview of changes in postglacial pollen assemblages in Europe over the past 15,000 years. The maps show the distribution and abundance of 54 different pollen taxa at 500 year intervals, supported by new age-depth models and associated chronological uncertainty analysis. Results show the individualistic patterns of spread of different pollen taxa, and provide a standardized dataset for further analysis, defining a spatial context for the study of past plant and vegetation changes and other aspects of environmental history in Europe.
Published: 2017
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42. Soil protistology rebooted: 30 fundamental questions to start with

Author: Geisen, Stefan, Mitchell, Edward A.D., Wilkinson, David M., Adl, Sina, Bonkowski, Michael, Brown, Matthew W, Fiore-Donno, Anna Maria, Heger, Thierry J., Jassey, Vincent E.J., Krashevska, Valentyna, Lahr, Daniel J.G., Marcisz, Katarzyna, Mulot, Matthieu, Payne, Richard, Singer, David, Anderson, O. Roger, Charman, Dan J., Ekelund, Flemming, Griffiths, Bryan S., Rønn, Regin, Smirnov, Alexey, Bass, David, Belbahri, Lassaâd, Berney, Cédric, Blandenier, Quentin, Chatzinotas, Antonis, Clarholm, Marianne, Dunthorn, Micah, Feest, Alan, Fernández, Leonardo D., Foissner, Wilhelm, Fournier, Bertrand, Gentekaki, Eleni, Hájek, Michal, Helder, Johannes, Jousset, Alexandre, Koller, Robert, Kumar, Santosh, La Terza, Antonietta, Lamentowicz, Mariusz, Mazei, Yuri, Santos, Susana S., Seppey, Christophe V.W., Spiegel, Frederick W., Walochnik, Julia, Winding, Anne, Lara, Enrique, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Wageningen University and Research Centre [Wageningen] (WUR), Université de Neuchâtel (UNINE), Schlumberger-Doll Research, Schlumberger, University of Saskatchewan [Saskatoon] (U of S), Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Institut of Zoology, University of Cologne, Institute of Botany and Landscape Ecology, Universität Greifswald - University of Greifswald, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (ECOLAB), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan (AMUP), Laboratory of Soil Biodiversity, Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU), Department of Biology, Northern Arizona University [Flagstaff], Crop and Soil Systems Research Group, Scotland's Rural College (SCUR), The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), Laboratory of Soil Biology, Evolution des Protistes et Ecosystèmes Pélagiques (EPEP), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (ADMM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Kaiserslautern [Kaiserslautern], Laboratoire de biodiversité du sol [Neuchâtel], Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University [Halifax], Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Johann-Friedrich Blumenbach Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Laboratoire Agronomie et Environnement (LAE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), French Institute of Pondichery, Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Monitoring, Faculty of Geographical and Geological Sciences, Adam Mickiewicz University, Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Center for Pathophysiology, NERI, Sub Ecology and Biodiversity, Ecology and Biodiversity, Terrestrial Ecology (TE), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Department of Biological Sciences [Mississippi], University of Southern Mississippi (USM), Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University, Palisades, New York 10964 USA, Geography Department, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Scotland's Rural College (SRUC), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Department of Invertebrate Zoology, St Petersburg State University (SPbU), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), Southern Swedish Forest Research Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Czech University of Life Sciences Prague (CZU), Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH | Centre de recherche de Juliers, Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft = Helmholtz Association, Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement (LEFE), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Soil biology, Ecology (disciplines), Biodiversity, Soil Science, Functional diversity, Biology, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, ddc:570, Microbial interactions, Soil protists, Ecosystem, Protozoa, Laboratorium voor Nematologie, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 2. Zero hunger, Functional ecology, Ecology, Food web, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, PE&RC, Protistology, 030104 developmental biology, 13. Climate action, international, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Conservation biology, EPS, Laboratory of Nematology, Soil fertility
Abstract: Protists are the most diverse eukaryotes. These microbes are keystone organisms of soil ecosystems and regulate essential processes of soil fertility such as nutrient cycling and plant growth. Despite this, protists have received little scientific attention, especially compared to bacteria, fungi and nematodes in soil studies. Recent methodological advances, particularly in molecular biology techniques, have made the study of soil protists more accessible, and have created a resurgence of interest in soil protistology. This ongoing revolution now enables comprehensive investigations of the structure and functioning of soil protist communities, paving the way to a new era in soil biology. Instead of providing an exhaustive review, we provide a synthesis of research gaps that should be prioritized in future studies of soil protistology to guide this rapidly developing research area. Based on a synthesis of expert opinion we propose 30 key questions covering a broad range of topics including evolution, phylogenetics, functional ecology, macroecology, paleoecology, and methodologies. These questions highlight a diversity of topics that will establish soil protistology as a hub discipline connecting different fundamental and applied fields such as ecology, biogeography, evolution, plant-microbe interactions, agronomy, and conservation biology. We are convinced that soil protistology has the potential to be one of the most exciting frontiers in biology. (C) 2017 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Published: 2017
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43. Functionally dissimilar neighbors accelerate litter decomposition in two grass species

Author: Andreas Prinzing, Vincent Jung, Anne-Kristel Bittebiere, Olaf Butenschoen, Lou Barbe, Cendrine Mony, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés (LEHNA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE), J. F. Blumenbach Institute of Zoology and Anthropology, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École Nationale des Travaux Publics de l'État (ENTPE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Johann-Friedrich Blumenbach Institut für Zoologie und Anthropologie, and Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Physiology, Biodiversity, Plant Science, Poaceae, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Intraspecific competition, Decomposer, biotic interactions, Quantitative Trait, Heritable, Species Specificity, Botany, Ecosystem, Biomass, plant litter decomposition, after-life traits, Bacteria, biology, Ecology, Plant community, Interspecific competition, Models, Theoretical, 15. Life on land, decomposer community, biology.organism_classification, plant neighborhood, Plant Leaves, functional dissimilarity, intraspecific variation, Brachypodium pinnatum, Litter, litter quality, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Brachypodium, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Plant litter decomposition is a key regulator of nutrient recycling. In a given environment, decomposition of litter from a focal species depends on its litter quality and on the efficiency of local decomposers. Both may be strongly modified by functional traits of neighboring species, but the consequences for decomposition of litter from the focal species remain unknown.We tested whether decomposition of a focal plant's litter is influenced by the functional-trait dissimilarity to the neighboring plants. We cultivated two grass species (Brachypodium pinnatum and Elytrigia repens) in experimental mesocosms with functionally similar and dissimilar neighborhoods, and reciprocally transplanted litter.For both species, litter quality increased in functionally dissimilar neighborhoods, partly as a result of changes in functional traits involved in plant–plant interactions. Furthermore, functional dissimilarity increased overall decomposer efficiency in one species, probably via complementarity effects.Our results suggest a novel mechanism of biodiversity effects on ecosystem functioning in grasslands: interspecific functional diversity within plant communities can enhance intraspecific contributions to litter decomposition. Thus, plant species might better perform in diverse communities by benefiting from higher remineralization rates of their own litter.
Published: 2017
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44. Global change-driven modulation of bottom–up forces and cascading effects on biocontrol services

Author: Anne-Violette Lavoir, Nicolas Desneux, Michael Rostás, Christine Becker, Peng Han, Arnaud Sentis, Chinese Academy of Sciences Xinjiang Ecology And Geography Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences [Beijing] (UCAS), Hochschule Geisenheim University, Risques, Ecosystèmes, Vulnérabilité, Environnement, Résilience (RECOVER), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Göttingen State and University Library (SUB Göttingen), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA), funds of the Recruitment Program of Global Experts, Hessen State Ministry of Higher Education, Research and the Arts, ICAEA project French region Provence-Alpes-Coted'Azur, ERA-NET ARIMNet2 project STomP, European Union (EU), Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], and Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS)
Subjects: Crops, Agricultural, 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Food Chain, Climate Change, Climate change, Biology, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Food chain, Animals, Ecosystem, Arthropods, Plant Physiological Phenomena, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Trophic level, 2. Zero hunger, Abiotic component, Biotic component, Ecology, food and beverages, Plants, 15. Life on land, Food web, 030104 developmental biology, Biological Control Agents, 13. Climate action, Insect Science, Sustainability, [SDE]Environmental Sciences
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Eaux [ADD1_IRSTEA]Systèmes aquatiques soumis à des pressions multiples; Abiotic and biotic factors affect plants in various ways which in turn affect associated arthropod communities through direct and/or indirect bottom-up interactions. Several review articles have synthesized studies examining the indirect effects of abiotic factors on plant-arthropod interactions, mainly focusing on soil nitrogen, soil water status, and climate change. However, these studies have mostly focused on bitrophic interactions, whereas most ecological systems are composed of at least three trophic levels. Lately, research on plant-mediated multitrophic interactions in plant-arthropod food web has received increasing interest. Both the intensification of agriculture and the global climate change have the potential to trigger bottom-up effects that cascade through trophic links. In this review article, we synthesize the most recent studies describing how abiotic changes could modulate plant-mediated bottom-up forces and how it could affect arthropod communities and associated biocontrol services. We discuss potential for increasing the sustainability of managed and natural ecosystems, and highlight road maps for future studies.
Published: 2019
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45. Increasing crop heterogeneity enhances multitrophic diversity across agricultural regions

Author: Teja Tscharntke, Lluís Brotons, Annika L. Hass, Laura Henckel, Carole Vuillot, Audrey Alignier, Gérard Balent, Vincent Bretagnolle, François Calatayud, Yann Clough, Aliette Bosem Baillod, David Giralt, Paul Miguet, Antonio Ricarte, Cyrille Violle, Péter Batáry, Scott Mitchell, Nicolas Gross, Romain Georges, Clélia Sirami, Gaëtan Lefebvre, Jordi Bosch, Annie Ouin, Bertrand Gauffre, Colette Bertrand, Samuel Hilaire, Jacques Baudry, Lenore Fahrig, Romain Carrié, Jude Girard, Gavin M. Siriwardena, Aude Vialatte, Jesús Miñano, Irene Robleño, Jean-Louis Martin, Assu Gil-Tena, Isabelle Badenhausser, Raphaël Mathevet, Jordi Recasens, Jose Antonio Barrientos, Kathryn Lindsay, Gerard Bota, Françoise Burel, Annick Gibon, M. A. Marcos-García, Lutz Tischendorf, Brigitte Poulin, Xavier O. Solé-Senan, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Dynamiques Forestières dans l'Espace Rural (DYNAFOR), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse [ENSAT]-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Unité Mixte de Recherche sur l'Ecosystème Prairial - UMR (UREP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS), Universidad Rey Juan Carlos [Madrid] (URJC), University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Biodiversité agroécologie et aménagement du paysage (UMR BAGAP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES), Lund University [Lund], LTSER «Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sevre» [France], Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Unité de recherche Plantes et Systèmes de Culture Horticoles (PSH), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre d'Ecologie et des Sciences de la COnservation (CESCO), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Carleton University, Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé [France] (USC 1339 INRA), Institut de recherche de la Tour du Valat, Joint Research Unit CTFC – AGROTECNIO, Solsona, Spain, Universitat de Lleida, Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications (CREAF), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Universidad de Alicante, Universidad de Murcia, British Trust for Ornithology (BTO), Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas (CSIC), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Department of Biology, Carleton University (Carleton University), WC1034, Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, ERC-StG-2014-639706-CONSTRAINTS, H2020 European Research Council, FP7-609398, Agreenskills, JCI-2012-12089, Juan de la Cierva, ANR-11-EBID-0004,FarmLand,European Network on Farmland Heterogeneity, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services(2011), Universidad de Alicante. Departamento de Ciencias Ambientales y Recursos Naturales, Universidad de Alicante. Centro Iberoamericano de la Biodiversidad, Biodiversidad y Biotecnología aplicadas a la Biología de la Conservación, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure Agronomique de Toulouse-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LTSER Zone Atelier Plaine & Val de Sèvre, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre d'Etudes Biologiques de Chizé, ANR-11-EBID-0004, Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR: European Network on Farmland Heterogeneity, Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services,FARMLAND,ANR-11-EBID0004, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École nationale supérieure agronomique de Toulouse (ENSAT), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST-Ecole supérieure d'Agricultures d'Angers (ESA), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), and Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UM3)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: Crops, Agricultural, 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Multitaxa, Biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Birds, Crop, crop mosaic, Animals, Humans, Zoología, farmland landscape complementation, Agricultural productivity, Ecosystem, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Crop mosaic, biodiversity, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, business.industry, Ecology, Breeding, genetics and propagation, Agriculture, Spiders, Vegetation, Biological Sciences, Bees, 15. Life on land, Landscape complementation, Europe, Farmland, Taxon, Geography, Crop diversity, 13. Climate action, North America, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Biodiversity and ecosystem services, multitaxa, business, Butterflies
Abstract: Agricultural landscape homogenization has detrimental effects on biodiversity and key ecosystem services. Increasing agricultural landscape heterogeneity by increasing seminatural cover can help to mitigate biodiversity loss. However, the amount of seminatural cover is generally low and difficult to increase in many intensively managed agricultural landscapes. We hypothesized that increasing the heterogeneity of the crop mosaic itself (hereafter “crop heterogeneity”) can also have positive effects on biodiversity. In 8 contrasting regions of Europe and North America, we selected 435 landscapes along independent gradients of crop diversity and mean field size. Within each landscape, we selected 3 sampling sites in 1, 2, or 3 crop types. We sampled 7 taxa (plants, bees, butterflies, hoverflies, carabids, spiders, and birds) and calculated a synthetic index of multitrophic diversity at the landscape level. Increasing crop heterogeneity was more beneficial for multitrophic diversity than increasing seminatural cover. For instance, the effect of decreasing mean field size from 5 to 2.8 ha was as strong as the effect of increasing seminatural cover from 0.5 to 11%. Decreasing mean field size benefited multitrophic diversity even in the absence of seminatural vegetation between fields. Increasing the number of crop types sampled had a positive effect on landscape-level multitrophic diversity. However, the effect of increasing crop diversity in the landscape surrounding fields sampled depended on the amount of seminatural cover. Our study provides large-scale, multitrophic, cross-regional evidence that increasing crop heterogeneity can be an effective way to increase biodiversity in agricultural landscapes without taking land out of agricultural production. This research was funded by the ERA-Net BiodivERsA, with the national funders French National Research Agency (ANR-11-EBID-0004), German Ministry of Research and Education, German Research Foundation and Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness, part of the 2011 BiodivERsA call for research proposals. The UK component of this research was funded by the UK Government Department of the Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra), as Project WC1034. The Canadian component of this research was funded by a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada Strategic Project, the Canada Foundation for Innovation, Environment Canada, and Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada. N.G. was supported by the AgreenSkills+ Fellowship programme which has received funding from the EU’s Seventh Framework Programme under Grant Agreement FP7-609398 (AgreenSkills+ contract). A.G.-T. (Juan de la Cierva Fellow, JCI-2012-12089) was funded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (Spain). C. Violle was supported by the European Research Council Starting Grant Project “Ecophysiological and biophysical constraints on domestication of crop plants” (Grant ERC-StG-2014-639706-CONSTRAINTS). A.R.’s position at the University of Alicante is funded by the “Vicerrectorado de Investigación y Transferencia de Conocimiento.”
Published: 2019
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46. Belowground Biodiversity Relates Positively to Ecosystem Services of European Forests

Author: Hojka Kraigher, Mark R. Bakker, Jurga Motiejūnaitė, Douglas L. Godbold, Monique Carnol, Ina C. Meier, Tanja Mrak, Ivano Brunner, Thomas Bolger, Nadejda A. Soudzilovskaia, Brynhildur Bjarnadottir, Ivika Ostonen, Taina Pennanen, Lise Dalsgaard, Francis Ashwood, Laura M. Suz, Elena Vanguelova, Ülle Püttsepp, Luis Merino-Martín, Edda Sigurdís Oddsdóttir, Isabella Børja, Pavel Cudlín, Lars Vesterdal, Amandine Erktan, Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro), Swiss Federal Institute for Forest, Snow and Landscape Research WSL, Forest Research, Alice Holt Lodge, University of Akureyri, School of Biology and Environmental Science, University College Dublin [Dublin] (UCD), Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Université de Liège, Global Change Research Centre (CzechGlobe), Botanique et Modélisation de l'Architecture des Plantes et des Végétations (UMR AMAP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Universität für Bodenkultur Wien = University of Natural Resources and Life [Vienne, Autriche] (BOKU), Slovenian Forestry Institute, Nature Research Centre, Forest Research, University of Tartu, Natural Resources Institute Finland (LUKE), Comparative Plant and Fungal Biology, Royal Botanic Gardens, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (UCPH), Universiteit Leiden, ANR-10-LABX-0011,Entreprendre,Entrepreneurship(2010), Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Global Change Research Institute CAS, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Universität für Bodenkultur, University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), and Leiden University
Subjects: kulturne storitve, funkcije gozdov, 0106 biological sciences, Supporting services, Evropa, Soil biodiversity, Soil biology, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], kulturne storitve, funkcije gozdov, podzemna biodiverziteta, Evropa, gozdovi, Biodiversity, Environmental Science (miscellaneous), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecosystem services, Unit (housing), provisioning services, Provisioning services, Ecosystem, udc:630*1, Nature and Landscape Conservation, media_common, Regulating services, udc:630*18+630*9, Global and Planetary Change, gozdovi, Ecology, Agroforestry, VDP::Landbruks- og Fiskerifag: 900, Belowground biodiversity, Forestry, Provisioning, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, regulating services, 15. Life on land, cultural services, supporting services, Cultural services, Geography, 13. Climate action, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, podzemna biodiverziteta, cultural services, provisioning services, regulating services, supporting services, belowground biodiversity, European forests, belowground biodiversity, Diversity (politics), European forests
Abstract: International audience; Biodiversity of ecosystems is an important driver for the supply of ecosystem services to people. Soils often have a larger biodiversity per unit surface area than what can be observed aboveground. Here, we present what is to our knowledge, the most extensive literature-based key-word assessment of the existing information about the relationships between belowground biodiversity and ecosystem services in European forests. The belowground diversity of plant roots, fungi, prokaryota, soil fauna, and protists was evaluated in relation to the supply of Provisioning, Regulating, Cultural, and Supporting Services. The soil biota were divided into 14 subgroups and the ecosystem services into 37 separate services. Out of the 518 possible combinations of biotic groups and ecosystem services, no published study was found for 374 combinations (72%). Of the remaining 144 combinations (28%) where relationships were found, the large majority (87%) showed a positive relationship between biodiversity of a belowground biotic group and an associated ecosystem service. However, for the majority of the combinations (102) there were only three or fewer studies. The percentage of cases for which a relationship was detected varied strongly between ecosystem service categories with 23% for Provisioning, 8% for Regulating, 40% for Cultural, and 48% for Supporting Services. We conclude that (1) soil biodiversity is generally positively related to ecosystem services in European forests; (2) the links between soil biodiversity and Cultural or Supporting services are better documented than those relating to Provisioning and Regulating services; (3) there is a huge knowledge gap for most possible combinations of soil biota and ecosystem services regarding how a more biodiverse soil biota is associated with a given ecosystem service. Given the drastically increasing societal demand for knowledge of the role of biodiversity in the functioning of ecosystems and the supply of ecosystem services, we strongly encourage the scientific community to conduct well-designed studies incorporating the belowground diversity and the functions and services associated with this diversity.
Published: 2019
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47. Breeding progress and preparedness for mass-scale deployment of perennial lignocellulosic biomass crops switchgrass, miscanthus, willow and poplar

Author: Jianxiu Liu, Magnus Hertzberg, Zhiyong Chen, Christopher Lyndon Davey, Iris Lewandowski, Danny Awty-Carroll, Kankshita Swaminathan, Elaine Jensen, Salvatore Luciano Cosentino, Paul Robson, Lindsay V. Clark, Tsai Wen Hsu, Antoine Harfouche, Donal Murphy-Bokern, Catherine Bastien, Gancho T. Slavov, Jon P. McCalmont, Anneli Adler, Astley Hastings, Iain Donnison, Kai Uwe Schwarz, Vasile Botnari, Danilo Scordia, Gail Taylor, Chris Ashman, Do-Soon Kim, Junqin Zong, Gerald A. Tuskan, Lawrence B. Smart, Maryse Brancourt-Hulmel, Huw Jones, Oene Dolstra, Xiaoli Jin, Sebastian Bopper, Uffe Jørgensen, Andreas Kiesel, Chang Yeon Yu, Lin Huang, Timothy J. Tschaplinski, Michal Mos, W. J. Macalpine, Anatolii Sandu, Richard Flavell, Susan Dalton, Brian J. Stanton, Andres F. Torres, Joerg Greef, Michael D. Casler, Ronald S. Zalesny, Luisa M. Trindade, Steve J. Hanley, Giovanni Scalici, Ian Shield, Antonella Iurato, Bernard G. McMahon, John Clifton-Brown, Reza Shafiei, Toshihiko Yamada, Erik J. Sacks, Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Department for Innovation in Biological, Agro-Food and Forest Systems, Tuscia University, US Dairy Forage Research Center, USDA-ARS : Agricultural Research Service, Rothamsted Research, Chercheur indépendant, Cornell University [New York], SweTree Technol AB, Partenaires INRAE, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Biologie intégrée pour la valorisation de la diversité des arbres et de la forêt (BioForA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Office National des Forêts (ONF), University of Hohenheim, Academy of Sciences of Moldova (ASM), Agroressources et Impacts environnementaux (AgroImpact), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Hunan Agricultural University, Department of Crop Sciences, University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University of Illinois at Urbana Champaign (UIUC), University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign [Urbana], University of Illinois System-University of Illinois System, Università degli Studi di Catania (UniCT), Plant Breeding, Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Independent Artist, Julius Kühn-Institut (JKI), Institute of Biological and Environmental Science, University of Aberdeen, Endemic Species Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Department of Agroecology, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Centre for Circular Bioeconomy, Seoul National University [Seoul] (SNU), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), University of Minnesota [Duluth], University of Minnesota System, Energene, The James Hutton Institute, GreenWood Resources, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology [Huntsville, AL], Biological Sciences (University of Sydney), The University of Sydney, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], Kangwon National University, Northern Research Station, Forest Research [Great Britain], Italian Ministry of Education, Brain Gain Program (Rientro dei cervelli), US Department of Energy [DE-AC05-00OR22725, DE-SC0006634, DE-SC0012379, DE-SC0018420], Department of Trade and Industry (UK) [B/W6/00599/00/00], Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council [CSP1730/1, BB/N016149/1, N016149, LK0863, K01711X/1, 10963A01, G016216/1, E006833/1, G00580X/1, 000I0410], Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs [LK0863, NF0424, NF0426], National Institute of Food and Agriculture, US Department of Agriculture, H2020 Environment [GRACE-745012/Bio-Based Industries Joint Undertaking], European Project: 311929,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2012-6-singlestage,WATBIO(2012), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Aberystwyth University, Università degli studi della Tuscia [Viterbo], Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Office national des forêts (ONF), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, University of Illinois System, and Università degli studi di Catania = University of Catania (Unict)
Subjects: Germplasm, Agricultural Biotechnology, Biomass, Populus spp, 010501 environmental sciences, bioenergy, 01 natural sciences, cbio, Laboratorium voor Plantenveredeling, lignocellulose, Platform, salix, feedstocks, M. sacchariflorus, M. sinensis, Miscanthus, Panicum virgatum, perennial biomass crop, Salix spp, TARGETED MUTAGENESIS, Cultivar, AGRONOMIC TRAITS, Waste Management and Disposal, 2. Zero hunger, Molecular breeding, Vegetal Biology, sélection génétique, Forestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, production de biomasse, M.&nbsp, M. sacchariflorus, M. sinensis, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Agronomy and Crop Science, sélection végétale, Willow, sacchariflorus, PLANT-REGENERATION, populus, Biology, Bioenergy, avancée scientifique, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Renewable Energy, POPULATION-STRUCTURE, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, AGROBACTERIUM-MEDIATED TRANSFORMATION, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, bioénergie, amélioration génétique, Sustainability and the Environment, Environmental and Society, matériel forestier de reproduction, 15. Life on land, BIOENERGY CROP, biology.organism_classification, matière première végétale, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Plant Breeding, Agronomy, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, SINENSIS ANDERSS, sinensis, Environnement et Société, EPS, Biologie végétale, NATURAL-POPULATIONS, GENETIC-TRANSFORMATION
Abstract: This is the accepted manuscript of the paper "Breeding progress and preparedness for mass‐scale deployment of perennial lignocellulosic biomass crops switchgrass, miscanthus, willow and poplar", published as final paper in "Global Change Biology Bioenergy Volume 11, Issue 1, 08 February 2019, Pages 118–151 https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12566”. Genetic improvement through breeding is one of the key approaches to increasing biomass supply. This paper documents the breeding progress to date for four perennial biomass crops (PBCs) that have high output–input energy ratios: namelyPanicum virgatum(switchgrass), species of the generaMiscanthus(miscanthus),Salix(willow) andPopulus(poplar). For each crop, we report on the size of germplasm collections, the efforts to date to phenotype and genotype, the diversity available for breeding and on the scale of breeding work as indicated by number of attempted crosses. We also report on the development of faster and more precise breeding using molecular breeding techniques. Poplar is the model tree for genetic studies and is furthest ahead in terms of biological knowledge and genetic resources. Linkage maps, transgenesis and genome editing methods are now being used in commercially focused poplar breeding. These are in development in switchgrass, miscanthus and willow generating large genetic and phenotypic data sets requiring concomitant efforts in informatics to create summaries that can be accessed and used by practical breeders. Cultivars of switchgrass and miscanthus can be seed‐based synthetic populations, semihybrids or clones. Willow and poplar cultivars are commercially deployed as clones. At local and regional level, the most advanced cultivars in each crop are at technology readiness levels which could be scaled to planting rates of thousands of hectares per year in about 5years with existing commercial developers. Investment in further development of better cultivars is subject to current market failure and the long breeding cycles. We conclude that sustained public investment in breeding plays a key role in delivering future mass‐scale deployment of PBCs.
Published: 2019
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48. Additive effects of high growth rate and low transpiration rate drive differences in whole plant transpiration efficiency among black poplar genotypes

Author: Jaume Flexas, Jeroni Galmés, Oliver Brendel, Cyril Douthe, Henning Wildhagen, Andrea Polle, D. Le Thiec, A. Molins, Irène Hummel, Maxime Durand, Gail Taylor, P.A. Chuste, Cyril Buré, T. Gerardin, Marie-Béatrice Bogeat-Triboulot, Hazel K. Smith, SILVA (SILVA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech-Université de Lorraine (UL), Forest Botany and Tree Physiology, University of Goettingen, Instituto de investigaciones Agroambientales y de Economía del Agua (INAGEA), Universitat de les Illes Balears (UIB), Biological Sciences (University of Sydney), The University of Sydney, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California [Davis] (UC Davis), University of California-University of California, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-AgroParisTech, University of Göttingen - Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, European Project: 311929,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2012-6-singlestage,WATBIO(2012), Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, and University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Water Use Efficiency, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Water Deficit, Plant Science, populus, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Black poplar, 03 medical and health sciences, Transpiration Efficiency, black poplar, Growth rate, Water-use efficiency, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Transpiration, 2. Zero hunger, Biomass (ecology), arbre, transpiration végétale, fungi, comparaison de génotypes, food and beverages, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Nocturnal Transpiration, Poplar, Intraspecific Diversity, Agronomy, adaptation à la sécheresse, efficience d'utilisation de l'eau, Agronomy and Crop Science, populus nigra, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Poplar plantations, widely used for the production of woody biomass, might be at high risk from the climate change-induced increase in the frequency of drought periods. Therefore, selecting improved genotypes, which are highly productive but with a high water use efficiency (WUE), is becoming a major target. The use of automated weighing systems in controlled environments facilitates the estimation of cumulated water loss and whole plant transpiration efficiency (TE). Differences in TE and leaf level intrinsic WUE as well as the contribution of underlying ecophysiological traits were determined in three contrasting P. nigra genotypes. Strong differences in TE among the selected genotypes were congruent with differences in leaf level intrinsic WUE. Our data show that a high total leaf area was overcompensated by a low per leaf area transpiration rate, leading to higher TE in highly productive genotypes originating from cool locations. Nocturnal water loss was relatively low but contributed to variations in TE among genotypes. In response to drought, leaf level WUE increased but not TE, suggesting that carbon losses due to whole plant respiration could offset the drought-induced increase in intrinsic WUE.
Published: 2019
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49. Monitoring environmental effects on farmland Lepidoptera: Does necessary sampling effort vary between different bio-geographic regions in Europe?

Author: Antoine Messéan, Andreas Lang, Iulia Muntean, László Rákosy, Marina S. Lee, Franz Kallhardt, Lars Pettersson, Jacqueline Loos, Constantí Stefanescu, Mikael A. Molander, University of Basel (Unibas), Büro für Landschaftsökologie und Umweltstudien, Universitat de Lleida, Leuphana University of Lüneburg, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Babes-Bolyai University [Cluj-Napoca] (UBB), Lund University [Lund], Centre de Recerca Ecològica i Aplicacions Forestals - Centre for Ecological Research and Forestry Applications, Partenaires INRAE, Museu de Ciencies Naturals de Granollers, Unité Impacts Ecologiques des Innovations en Production Végétale (ECO-INNOV), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Freiwillige Akademische Gesellschaft (FAG), Basel, Switzerland, Institute National De La Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Paris, France, European Project: 289706,EC:FP7:KBBE,FP7-KBBE-2011-5,AMIGA(2011), and Georg-August-University [Göttingen]
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Monitoring, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biodiversity, General Decision Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Sustainability Science, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Data transformation, [SHS]Humanities and Social Sciences, Cost efficiency, Abundance (ecology), Environmental monitoring, Transect, Survey, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Zygaenidae, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Ecology, biology, Sample size, Forestry, Buterflies, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Farmland, Power analysis, Geography, 13. Climate action, Sample size determination, Sample Size, Papilionoidea, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Arable land, Butterflies
Abstract: In agro-ecosystems, environmental monitoring is fundamental to detect and survey changes related to land use change and management practices. Butterflies and moths have often been suggested as suitable indicators for monitoring environmental effects on biodiversity in farmlands. Here, we estimated the required sample size and monitoring effort necessary to run a Lepidoptera survey in European farmland, assessing in particular if monitoring investment would differ between representative bio-geographical regions.We operated linear 1-km long transect routes in farmland of Romania, Spain and Sweden from 2013 to 2015, and recorded butterflies and burnet moths (Papilionoidea, Zygaenidae). The transects were walked back and forth four times a season, and replicated yearly. The lepidopteran diversity was high in farmlands of Romania and Spain, but comparatively low in Sweden. The coefficient of variation (CV) of recorded species number differed between countries being lowest in Sweden and highest in Spain. In general, the CV dropped above a transect length of 400–800 m, thus indicating an increase in statistical power. Assuming a non-parametric test for matched samples, power calculations were conducted with the raw count data and with log-transformed count data for comparison. When using log-transformed data, the required sample size to detect an effect was less than 10 transects per country or region (in order to detect a 10% loss of species or a decrease of 30% in total abundance). Specific subgroups of species, e.g. protected species or specific indicator groups, showed a higher variance, thus requiring a higher sample size to detect effects ranging from 12 to 16 transects (equivalent to 21–29 working days per country and year). When using original, untransformed count data a considerably larger sample size would be needed. Actual time to be invested in field work differed between countries due to contrasting regional constraints and conditions. Nevertheless, the final monitoring effort in working days was similar between countries as the factors involved balanced out each other, in particular due to the differing year-to-year variations.Our study demonstrated the feasibility of an environmental monitoring programme in arable land using farmland butterflies across Europe. We present a suitable approach and guidelines as well as the necessary effort to be invested in future Europe-wide monitoring programmes of butterflies in agro-ecosystems, based on predictions of statistical power. In agro-ecosystems, environmental monitoring is fundamental to detect and survey changes related to land use change and management practices. Butterflies and moths have often been suggested as suitable indicators for monitoring environmental effects on biodiversity in farmlands. Here, we estimated the required sample size and monitoring effort necessary to run a Lepidoptera survey in European farmland, assessing in particular if monitoring investment would differ between representative bio-geographical regions.We operated linear 1-km long transect routes in farmland of Romania, Spain and Sweden from 2013 to 2015, and recorded butterflies and burnet moths (Papilionoidea, Zygaenidae). The transects were walked back and forth four times a season, and replicated yearly. The lepidopteran diversity was high in farmlands of Romania and Spain, but comparatively low in Sweden. The coefficient of variation (CV) of recorded species number differed between countries being lowest in Sweden and highest in Spain. In general, the CV dropped above a transect length of 400–800 m, thus indicating an increase in statistical power. Assuming a non-parametric test for matched samples, power calculations were conducted with the raw count data and with log-transformed count data for comparison. When using log-transformed data, the required sample size to detect an effect was less than 10 transects per country or region (in order to detect a 10% loss of species or a decrease of 30% in total abundance). Specific subgroups of species, e.g. protected species or specific indicator groups, showed a higher variance, thus requiring a higher sample size to detect effects ranging from 12 to 16 transects (equivalent to 21–29 working days per country and year). When using original, untransformed count data a considerably larger sample size would be needed. Actual time to be invested in field work differed between countries due to contrasting regional constraints and conditions. Nevertheless, the final monitoring effort in working days was similar between countries as the factors involved balanced out each other, in particular due to the differing year-to-year variations.Our study demonstrated the feasibility of an environmental monitoring programme in arable land using farmland butterflies across Europe. We present a suitable approach and guidelines as well as the necessary effort to be invested in future Europe-wide monitoring programmes of butterflies in agro-ecosystems, based on predictions of statistical power.
Published: 2019
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50. Global mismatches in aboveground and belowground biodiversity

Author: Thomas E. Lovejoy, Jes Hines, Helen Phillips, Julia Siebert, Leho Tedersoo, Luca Montanarella, Diana H. Wall, Erin K. Cameron, Felix Gottschall, Henrique M. Pereira, Carlos A. Guerra, Olga Ferlian, Patrick Lavelle, Jérôme Mathieu, Nico Eisenhauer, Inês S. Martins, Guillaume Patoine, Simone Cesarz, Holger Kreft, Alberto Orgiazzi, Marten Winter, Josef Settele, Mohammad Bahram, Helsinki University of Technology, Partenaires INRAE, Saint Mary's University, German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv), Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centro Internacional de Agricultural Tropical, Centre IRD d’île de France, Institut d'écologie et des sciences de l'environnement de Paris (iEES Paris), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Tartu, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Laboratoire LTEE, Georg-August-University = Georg-August-Universität Göttingen, George Mason University, European Commission's Joint Research Centre, Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Department of Community Ecology, Helmholtz Zentrum für Umweltforschung = Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research (UFZ), University of the Philippines Los Baños (UP Los Baños), Colorado State University [Fort Collins] (CSU), Deutsche ForschungsgemeinschaftGerman Research Foundation (DFG) [FZT 118], Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of CanadaNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, Suomen AkatemiaAcademy of Finland [285882], H2020 European Research Council [677232, 641762-ECOPOTENTIAL], Vetenskapsradet [2017-05019], German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Georg-August-University [Göttingen], Universidade do Porto, and Ecology and Evolutionary Biology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Soil biodiversity, aboveground-belowground, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biome, (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), Biodiversity, Forests, 01 natural sciences, patrones mundiales, Ecosystem services, Soil, bacteria, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), hongos, macrofauna, sobre suelo - bajo suelo, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, mismatch, (sic)(sic), policy, Conservation of Natural Resources, bacterias, (sic)(sic)(sic)(sic), Soil biology, disparidad, soil biodiversity, 010603 evolutionary biology, Animals, Humans, global patterns, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 1172 Environmental sciences, Ecosystem, Nature and Landscape Conservation, biodiversidad del suelo, aboveground-belowground, bacteria, fungi, global patterns, macrofauna, mismatch, policy, soilbiodiversity, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, (sic)(sic)-(sic)(sic), 15. Life on land, (sic), Tundra, politicas, 13. Climate action, Threatened species, PATTERNS, Environmental science, fungi, Global biodiversity
Abstract: Human activities are accelerating global biodiversity change and have resulted in severely threatened ecosystem services. A large proportion of terrestrial biodiversity is harbored by soil, but soil biodiversity has been omitted from many global biodiversity assessments and conservation actions, and understanding of global patterns of soil biodiversity remains limited. In particular, the extent to which hotspots and coldspots of aboveground and soil biodiversity overlap is not clear. We examined global patterns of these overlaps by mapping indices of aboveground (mammals, birds, amphibians, vascular plants) and soil (bacteria, fungi, macrofauna) biodiversity that we created using previously published data on species richness. Areas of mismatch between aboveground and soil biodiversity covered 27% of Earth's terrestrial surface. The temperate broadleaf and mixed forests biome had the highest proportion of grid cells with high aboveground biodiversity but low soil biodiversity, whereas the boreal and tundra biomes had intermediate soil biodiversity but low aboveground biodiversity. While more data on soil biodiversity are needed, both to cover geographic gaps and to include additional taxa, our results suggest that protecting aboveground biodiversity may not sufficiently reduce threats to soil biodiversity. Given the functional importance of soil biodiversity and the role of soils in human well-being, soil biodiversity should be considered further in policy agendas and conservation actions by adapting management practices to sustain soil biodiversity and considering soil biodiversity when designing protected areas.Disparidades Mundiales entre la Biodiversidad Sobre y Bajo el Suelo Resumen Las actividades humanas están acelerando el cambio en la biodiversidad mundial y han tenido como resultado unos servicios ambientales severamente amenazados. Una gran proporción de la biodiversidad terrestre está albergada en el suelo, pero la biodiversidad de este ha sido omitida de varias evaluaciones mundiales de biodiversidad y de las acciones de conservación, además de que el entendimiento de los patrones mundiales de la biodiversidad del suelo permanece limitado; particularmente, la extensión del traslape entre los puntos fríos y calientes de biodiversidad sobre y bajo suelo no está clara. Examinamos los patrones mundiales de estos traslapes mapeando los índices de biodiversidad sobre el suelo (mamíferos, aves, anfibios y plantas vasculares) y bajo el suelo (bacterias, hongos y macrofauna) que creamos con datos previamente publicados de la riqueza de especies. Las áreas de disparidad entre la biodiversidad sobre y bajo el suelo cubrieron el 27% de la superficie terrestre del planeta. El bioma de los bosques templados de plantas frondosas y mixtas tuvo la proporción más alta de celdas de cuadrícula con una biodiversidad alta sobre el suelo, pero baja para en el subsuelo, mientras que los biomas boreales y de la tundra tuvieron una biodiversidad intermedia bajo el suelo, pero baja para el sobre suelo. Aunque se requieren más datos sobre la biodiversidad del suelo, tanto para cubrir los vacíos geográficos como para incluir a taxones adiciones, nuestros resultados sugieren que la protección a la biodiversidad sobre el suelo puede no reducir suficientemente las amenazas para la biodiversidad del suelo. Dada la importancia funcional de la biodiversidad del suelo y el papel de los suelos en el bienestar humano, se debería considerar a la biodiversidad del suelo mucho más en las agendas políticas y en las acciones de conservación, adaptando a las prácticas de manejo para que mantengan a la biodiversidad del suelo y la consideren cuando designen áreas protegidas.人类活动正在导致全球生物多样性的快速变化, 并已严重影响到生态系统服务功能。陆地生物多样性中很大一部分存在于土壤之中, 然而, 许多全球生物多样性评估和保护行动都没有考虑土壤生物多样性, 人们对全球土壤生物多样性格局的认识也十分有限, 特别是对地表生物多样性和土壤生物多样性的热点地区及贫瘠地区的重叠程度知之甚少。为了研究全球地表生物多样性和土壤生物多样性的重叠情况, 我们利用已发表的物种丰富度数据设计了地表生物多样性 (哺乳动物、鸟类、两栖类、维管植物) 及土壤生物多样性 (细菌、真菌、大型动物群) 指标, 用于绘制相应的地图。结果显示, 地表和土壤生物多样性不匹配的地区占地球陆地面积的 27% 。在温带阔叶林和混交林生物群中, 地表生物多样性高而土壤生物多样性低的栅格占比最高, 而寒带和苔原生物群则是土壤生物多样性中等而地表生物多样性低。虽然还有待增加土壤生物多样性的数据以囊括更多地理区域和生物类群, 但我们的结果已经表明, 保护地表生物多样性可能不足以减少对土壤生物多样性的威胁。鉴于土壤生物多样性的重要功能以及土壤对人类福祉的作用, 应在政策议程和保护行动中更多地考虑土壤生物多样性, 如调整管理实践以保护土壤生物多样性、在保护区设计中纳入土壤生物多样性等等。【翻译: 胡怡思; 审校: 聂永刚】.
Published: 2019
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