Topic: 15. life on land - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Migration in geographic and ecological space by a large herbivore

Author: Atle Mysterud, Nicolas Morellet, Stefano Focardi, Ferdinando Urbano, Marco Heurich, Derek B. Spitz, Wibke Peters, Francesca Cagnacci, John D. C. Linnell, Mark Hebblewhite, Petter Kjellander, Department of Ecosystem and Conservation Science, Wildlife Biology Program, University of Montana, Research and Innovation Centre, Biodiversity and Molecular Ecology Department, Edmund Mach Foundation (FEM), Centre for Ecological and Evolutionary Synthesis (CEES), Department of Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO)-Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Conservation and Research, Bavarian Forest National Park, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Wildlife Ecology and Management, University of Freiburg, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Organismic and Evolutionary Biology Department, Harvard University [Cambridge], This paper was conceived and written within the collaborative EURODEER project (paper no. 006 of the EURODEER series, Department of Ecology, Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), and Peters, Wibke
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Range (biology), migration spatiotemporelle, Population, Niche, Zoology and botany: 480 [VDP], normalized difference vegetation index, capreolus capreolus, migration animale, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, behavioral plasticity, Capreolus, Settore BIO/05 - ZOOLOGIA, biology.animal, Biologie animale, ungulates, Realized niche width, 10. No inequality, education, Zoologiske og botaniske fag: 480 [VDP], Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Animal biology, Ecological niche, animal migration, education.field_of_study, partial migration, biology, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, spatiotemporal variation, faune sauvage, Roe deer, large herbivores, ecological distance, realized niche, niche switching, Spatial variability
Abstract: Partial migration, when only part of the population migrates seasonally while the other part remains resident on the shared range, is the most common form of migration in ungulates. Migration is often defined by spatial separation of seasonal ranges and consequently, classification of individuals as migrants or residents is usually only based on geographic criteria. However, the underlying mechanism for migration is hypothesized to be movement in response to spatiotemporal resource variability and thus, migrants are assumed to travel an “ecological distance” (ED) or shift their realized ecological niches. While ecological and geographic distances should be related, their relationship may depend on landscape heterogeneity. Here, we tested the utility of ecological niche theory to both classify migratory individuals and to understand the underlying ecological factors for migratory behavior. We developed an integrative approach combining measures in geographic and ecological niche space and used this to classify and explain migratory behavior of 71 annual roe deer (Capreolus capreolus) movement trajectories in five European study areas. First, to assess the utility of the ED concept for classifying migratory behavior, we tested whether roe deer sought the same ecological conditions year-round or moved to different ecological conditions by measuring the annual ED travelled and the seasonal niche overlap using multivariate statistics. Comparing methods to classify migrants and residents based on geographic and ecological niche space, we found that migratory roe deer switched between seasons both in geographic and in ecological dimensions. Second, we tested which seasonal ecological factors separated resident from migrant niches using discriminant analysis and which broad-scale determinants (e.g., spatiotemporal forage variation and population density) predicted migration probability using generalized linear models. Our results indicated that factors describing forage and topographic variability discriminated seasonal migrant from resident niches. Determinants for predicting migration probability included the temporal variation (seasonality) and also the spatial variability of forage patches. Last, we also found suggestive evidence for a positive relationship between population density and migration probability. By applying the ecological niche concept to the study of partial migration in ungulates, our work underlines that partial migration is a form of behavioral plasticity. Key words: behavioral plasticity; Capreolus capreolus; ecological distance; large herbivores; niche switching; Normalized Difference Vegetation Index; partial migration; realized niche; spatiotemporal variation; ungulates
Published: 2017

2. Partial migration in roe deer: migratory and resident tactics are end points of a behavioural gradient determined by ecological factors

Author: Petter Kjellander, Atle Mysterud, Federico Ossi, Markus Neteler, Anja Stache, Luca Delucchi, John D. C. Linnell, Stefano Focardi, Marco Heurich, A. J. Mark Hewison, Francesca Cagnacci, Nicolas Morellet, Ferdinando Urbano, Fondazione Edmund Mach - Edmund Mach Foundation [Italie] (FEM), Laboratoire de Biométrie et Biologie Evolutive - UMR 5558 (LBBE), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-VetAgro Sup - Institut national d'enseignement supérieur et de recherche en alimentation, santé animale, sciences agronomiques et de l'environnement (VAS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Istituto Superiore per la Protezione e la Ricerca Ambientale (ISPRA), Department of Research and Documentation, Bavarian Forest National Park, Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Grimsö Wildlife Research Station, Department of Ecology, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU)-Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), University of Oslo (UiO), Independent, and This paper was conceived and written within the collaborative EURODEER project (paper no. 001 of the EURODEER series
Subjects: Capriolo, 0106 biological sciences, Ungulate, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], partialL migration, population, Distribution (economics), 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ungulati, Capreolus, Settore BIO/07 - ECOLOGIA, biology.animal, Ecosystem, GPS location data, EURODEER, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, general phenomenon of migration, biology, Ecology, business.industry, Residence time, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Facultative migration, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Habitat selection, Roe deer, Geography, Habitat, environmental sciences and ecology, ecological factors, Capreolus capreolus, Residence, ecology, business, Migrazione parziale
Abstract: International audience; Ungulate populations exhibiting partial migration present a unique opportunity to explore the causes of the general phenomenon of migration. The European roe deer Capreolus capreolus is particularly suited for such studies due to a wide distribution range and a high level of ecological plasticity. In this study we undertook a comparative analysis of roe deer GPS location data from a representative set of European ecosystems available within the EURODEER collaborative project. We aimed at evaluating the ecological factors affecting migration tactic (i.e. occurrence) and pattern (i.e. timing, residence time, number of migratory trips). Migration occurrence varied between and within populations and depended on winter severity and topographic variability. Spring migrations were highly synchronous, while the timing of autumn migrations varied widely between regions, individuals and sexes. Overall, roe deer were faithful to their summer ranges, especially males. In the absence of extreme and predictable winter conditions, roe deer seemed to migrate opportunistically, in response to a tradeoff between the costs of residence in spatially separated ranges and the costs of migratory movements. Animals performed numerous trips between winter and summer ranges which depended on factors influencing the costs of movement such as between-range distance, slope and habitat openness. Our results support the idea that migration encompasses a behavioural continuum, with one-trip migration and residence as its end points, while commuting and multi-trip migration with short residence times in seasonal ranges are intermediate tactics. We believe that a full understanding of the variation in tactics of temporal separation in habitat use will provide important insights on migration and the factors that influence its prevalence.
Published: 2011

3. Production-based pollution versus deforestation: optimal policy with state-independent and-dependent environmental absorption efficiency restoration process

Author: Marc Leandri, Eugene Khmelnitsky, Fouad El Ouardighi, ESSEC Business School [Cergy-Pontoise], Tel Aviv University [Tel Aviv], Centre d'études sur la mondialisation, les conflits, les territoires et les vulnérabilités (Cemotev), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Tel Aviv University, TAU, and The authors acknowledge helpful comments from one anonymous referee. This research was supported by ESSEC Business School (France) and Tel Aviv University (Israel). The first author dedicates this paper to the memory of Mohamed El Houari, a wonderful mentor and friend.
Subjects: Pollution, Natural resource economics, Process (engineering), media_common.quotation_subject, 0211 other engineering and technologies, General Decision Sciences, Social Welfare, 02 engineering and technology, Management Science and Operations Research, History dependence, Deforestation, 11. Sustainability, Restoration process, Production (economics), 10. No inequality, Environmental absorption efficiency, media_common, 021103 operations research, [INFO.INFO-RO]Computer Science [cs]/Operations Research [cs.RO], 15. Life on land, 13. Climate action, Sustainability, Environmental science, Optimal pollution, Absorption efficiency
Abstract: International audience; An important yet largely unexamined issue is how the interaction between deforestation and pollution affects economic and environmental sustainability.This article seeks to bridge the gap by introducing a dynamic model of pollution accumulation where polluting emissions can be mitigated and the absorption efficiency of pollution sinks can be restored. We assume that emissions are due to a production activity, and we include deforestation both as an additional source of emissions and as a cause of the exhaustion of environmental absorption efficiency. To account for the fact that the switching of natural sinks to a pollution source can be either possible, and in such a case even reversible, or impossible, we consider that restoration efforts can be either independent from or dependent on environmental absorption efficiency, i.e., state-independent versus state-dependent restoration efforts. We determine (i) whether production or deforestation is the most detrimental from environmental and social welfare perspectives, and (ii) how state-dependent restoration process affects pollution accumulation and deforestation policies and the related environmental and social welfare consequences.
Published: 2020

4. An intensive study plot to investigate chestnut tree reproduction

Author: Teresa Barreneche, Rémy J. Petit, Clément Larue, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), and This paper is part of the PhD of CL. This work was supported by ANRt funding under CIFRE PhD program to CL. Financial support to Invenio for this project was provided by the Conseil Regional d'Aquitaine for CL PhD work, and as part of the REGINA project to RJP. The PGTB facility where part of the work was conducted benefits from grants from the Conseil Regional d'Aquitaine no. 20030304002FA and 20040305003FA, from the European Union FEDER no. 2003227 and from Investissements d'Avenir (ANR-10-EQPX-16-01).
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Flower types, Genotype, media_common.quotation_subject, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], SNP, Biology, Fagaceae, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Plot (graphics), 03 medical and health sciences, Formal analysis, Varietal identification, Male sterility, Astaminate, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, 030304 developmental biology, media_common, Investigation, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, Chataignier, Forestry, Species assignation, 15. Life on land, Resources, chataigne, Tree (data structure), [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, Phenotype, Staminate, Fruit, Arbre fruitier, Castanea sp, Reproduction, Male sterility Conceptualization
Abstract: Key message Pollination is a key step for fruit production. To provide a tool for future in-depth analysis of pollination in chestnut, we describe in detail a chestnut orchard (location, genotype, phenotype and seed-set of all trees). Context Chestnuts, which are insect-pollinated trees, have been massively planted around the world for nut production. Orchards are planted with clonal varieties selected from crosses between the European chestnuts (Castanea sativa) and Japanese chestnuts (C. crenata) or Chinese chestnuts (C. mollissima) because these two last species are tolerant to blight and ink diseases. Aims To characterize chestnut genetic resources and accurately model male and female fitness as well as pollen exchanges in orchards, we characterized all chestnuts of the INRAE chestnut germplasm collection located near Bordeaux (France). Methods All chestnut trees were geolocated and genotyped using 79 SNP and 98 SSR loci. We scored their flowering phenology using chestnut BBCH scale and precisely described their phenotype (height, diameter a breast height (DBH), canopy diameter…), their capacity to produce pollen (flower type, catkins length…) and their fruit production (number of burrs, seed-set…). Results We geolocated 275 trees and genotyped 273 of them. We identified 115 unique genotypes and assigned each genotype to species. To assess phenology, we evaluated 244 trees twice a week, for 6 weeks from early June to mid-July. We also described tree phenotypes with 11 variables, pollen production with 5 variables and fruit production with 3 variables. All measures were recorded in 2018 except seed set that was measured two consecutive years, in 2018 and 2019. Conclusion The data collected is very detailed and allows modelling precisely pollen exchanges between trees. Parts of this data have been successfully published in scientific articles. Data are available at: https://data.inrae.fr/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.15454/GSJSWW Associated metadata are available at:https://metadata-afs.nancy.inra.fr/geonetwork/srv/fre/catalog.search#/metadata/02c5ca07-1536-4f89-9a0c-9e8d44a91287
Published: 2021

5. Accounting for competition in multi-environment tree genetic evaluations: a case study with hybrid pines

Author: Nuno Borralho, Eduardo P. Cappa, Ector Belaber, Maria Elena Gauchat, Cristian Damián Schoffen, Facundo Muñoz, Leopoldo Sanchez, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas [Buenos Aires] (CONICET), Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes (UMR ASTRE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), RAIZ – Forestry & Paper Research Institut, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, Biologie intégrée pour la valorisation de la diversité des Arbres et de la Forêt (BioForA), Office National des Forêts (ONF)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and This study was funded by the National Institute of Agricultural Technology (INTA) (grant numbers PNFOR-01104062, MSNES-1242204/5). E.P.C.’s research was partially supported by the National Agency for the Promotion of Science and Technology of Argentina (ANPCYT, PICT-2016 1048). F.M.’s research is partially supported by research grant MTM2016-77501-P from the State Research Agency of the Spanish Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities jointly with the European Regional Development Fund, FEDER.
Subjects: Additive and competition genotype–environment interaction, 0106 biological sciences, Mixed model, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], media_common.quotation_subject, Accounting, Tree breeding, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Genetic correlation, Competition (biology), Competition model, Genetic variation, Gene–environment interaction, media_common, Mathematics, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Ecology, business.industry, Diameter at breast height, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Total heritable variance, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; Key message: A novel multi-environment competition individual-tree mixed model resulted in better fit, and greater individual narrow- and broad-sense heritabilities than the model without competition, notably for traits showing competition. In multi-environment tests, the proposed model would allow tree breeders to select genotypes with the best performance in both additive direct and competition breeding values, increasing forest productivity. Context: Genetic merit of trees is known to be affected and interact with local competition effects as well as changes across environmental conditions. Recent studies showed that competition genetic effects can affect the genetic variance and bias the tree breeding values, and its covariance with direct breeding values has been variable across traits. Aims: The present paper extends a mixed-model methodology to the problem of accounting for competition in a multi-environment set of forest genetic trials and exploring its impact on genetic variances as well as the multi-environment genetic correlation. Methods: The proposed model is illustrated using data from two full-sib trials of Pinus elliottii var. elliottii × Pinus caribaea var. hondurensis F1. Dispersion parameters and (co)variance of total breeding values were estimated for diameter at breast height, total tree height, and stem straightness at age 10. Results: For traits showing competition effects (diameter at breast height and total tree height), the proposed multi-environment competition model gave better fit than the simpler model. Accounting for competition increased the direct additive variance, reduced the residual variances, and did not change significantly the across-site additive genetic correlation. However, for diameter at breast height, top 5% best genetic rankings showed differences. Conclusion: When traits are strongly affected by inter-tree competition, the use of the proposed model in multi-environment analyses can efficiently identify the phenomenon with general benefits in the fitting of genetic components and open the door to select on the basis of competitiveness.
Published: 2021

6. Les émissions de N2O peuvent-elles compenser les avantages du stockage du carbone organique dans le sol ?

Author: David S. Powlson, Frédéric Rees, Victoria Naipal, Jérôme Balesdent, Rémi Cardinael, Julien Fouché, Emanuele Lugato, Elisa Bruni, Stefan Frank, Philippe Ciais, Dominique Arrouays, Catherine Hénault, Benoit Gabrielle, Hanqin Tian, Thomas Nesme, Sylvain Pellerin, Hugo Valin, Bertrand Guenet, Jean-Pierre Caliman, Michael Obersteiner, Claire Chenu, Feng Zhou, Yang Su, Jean-François Soussana, Dominique Desbois, Songchao Chen, Daniel P. Rasse, Martial Bernoux, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), InfoSol (InfoSol), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), Smart Research Institute [Indonésie] (SMARTRI), SMART agribusiness and food [Jakarta] (SMART), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), University of Zimbawe [Harare] (UZ), University of Zimbawe, ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Economie Publique (ECO-PUB), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Rothamsted Research, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Auburn University (AU), Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University [Beijing], This paper stemmed from a workshop 'Emerging challenges in large scale soil carbon sequestration' held in Paris on 8-10 October 2018. The workshop was financially supported by the French government under the ANR 'Investissements d'avenir' program with the reference CLAND ANR-16-CONV-0003. F.Z. acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 41671464), ANR-16-CONV-0003,CLAND,CLAND : Changement climatique et usage des terres(2016), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 41671464), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Atténuation de l'effet de serre, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Travail du sol, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, greenhouse gases emissions, Agroforesterie, Carbone dans le sol, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, agroforestry, Interactions biologiques, Environmental protection, Biochar, organic amendment, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, greenhouse gas emissions, land based mitigation, erosion, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Tillage, Gaz a effet de serre, séquestration du carbone, Cycle de l'azote, réduction des émissions, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, tillage, Culture de couverture, P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, Labour, Land management, Climate change, érosion, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010603 evolutionary biology, 12. Responsible consumption, Matière organique du sol, Fertilité du sol, Environmental Chemistry, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, biochar, Occupation des sols, émissions de gaz à effet de serre, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, cover crops agroforestry, Oxyde nitreux, Global warming, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, soil organic carbon, land-based mitigation, Amendement organique, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, Soil water, Environmental science, cover crops, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Cycle du carbone
Abstract: This paper stemmed from a workshop 'Emerging challenges in large scale soil carbon sequestration' held in Paris on 8-10 October 2018; International audience; To respect the Paris agreement targeting a limitation of global warming below 2°C by 2100, and possibly below 1.5°C, drastic reductions of greenhouse gas emissions are mandatory but not sufficient. Large‐scale deployment of other climate mitigation strategies are also necessary. Among these, increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is an important lever because carbon in soils can be stored for long periods and land management options to achieve this already exist and have been widely tested. However, agricultural soils are also an important source of nitrous oxide (N$_2$O), a powerful greenhouse gas, and increasing SOC may influence N$_2$O emissions, likely causing an increase in many cases, thus tending to offset the climate change benefit from increased SOC storage. Here, we review the main agricultural management options for increasing SOC stocks. We evaluate the amount of SOC that can be stored as well as resulting changes in N$_2$O emissions to better estimate the climate benefits of these management options. Based on quantitative data obtained from published meta‐analyses and from our current level of understanding, we conclude that the climate mitigation induced by increased SOC storage is generally overestimated if associated N$_2$O emissions are not considered but, with the exception of reduced tillage, is never fully offset. Some options (e.g, biochar or non‐pyrogenic C amendment application) may even decrease N$_2$O emissions.; Pour respecter l'accord de Paris visant à limiter le réchauffement climatique à moins de 2°C d'ici 2100, et éventuellement à moins de 1,5°C, des réductions drastiques des émissions de gaz à effet de serre sont obligatoires mais pas suffisantes. Le déploiement à grande échelle d'autres stratégies d'atténuation du climat est également nécessaire. Parmi celles-ci, l'augmentation des stocks de carbone organique du sol (SOC) est un levier important car le carbone dans les sols peut être stocké pendant de longues périodes et les options de gestion des terres pour y parvenir existent déjà et ont été largement testées. Toutefois, les sols agricoles sont également une source importante d'oxyde nitreux (N$_2$O), un puissant gaz à effet de serre, et l'augmentation du SOC peut influer sur les émissions de N$_$O, provoquant probablement une augmentation dans de nombreux cas, tendant ainsi à compenser le bénéfice du changement climatique résultant du stockage accru du SOC. Nous passons ici en revue les principales options de gestion agricole pour l'augmentation des stocks de SOC. Nous évaluons la quantité de SOC qui peut être stockée ainsi que les changements qui en résultent dans les émissions de N$_2$O afin de mieux estimer les avantages climatiques de ces options de gestion. Sur la base des données quantitatives obtenues à partir de méta-analyses publiées et de notre niveau de compréhension actuel, nous concluons que l'atténuation du climat induite par un stockage accru du SOC est généralement surestimée si l'on ne tient pas compte des émissions de N$_2$O associées, mais, à l'exception du travail réduit du sol, n'est jamais totalement compensée. Certaines options (par exemple, le biochar ou l'application d'un amendement C non pyrogène) peuvent même réduire les émissions de N$_2$O.
Published: 2021

7. Projecting Exposure to Extreme Climate Impact Events Across Six Event Categories and Three Spatial Scales

Author: Yoshihide Wada, Fang Zhao, Yasushi Honda, Thomas Hickler, Jörg Steinkamp, Nikolay Khabarov, Tobias Stacke, Lila Warszawski, David N. Bresch, Tobias Geiger, Wim Thiery, Kazuya Nishina, Jonas Jägermeyr, Sebastian Ostberg, Hannes Müller Schmied, Manolis Grillakis, Iliusi Vega, Kerry Emanuel, Akihiko Ito, Philippe Ciais, Sonia I. Seneviratne, Stefan Lange, Naota Hanasaki, Jinfeng Chang, Jan Volkholz, Aristeidis Koutroulis, Christian Folberth, Matthias Büchner, Christopher P. O. Reyer, Minoru Yoshikawa, Sven Willner, Christoph Müller, Katja Frieler, Hong Yang, Jacob Schewe, Simon N. Gosling, Alexandra Henrot, Dieter Gerten, Marie Dury, Veronika Huber, Chao Yue, Wenfeng Liu, Ted Veldkamp, Hydrology and Hydraulic Engineering, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency, ERCA 821010 641816 SAW‐2016‐PIK‐1, 603864 Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, BMBF: 01LA1829A, 01LS1201A2, 01LS1711F Ministry of Economy, Trade and Industry, METI Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule Zürich, ETH: Fel‐45 15‐1 Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad, MINECO: PCIN‐2017‐046, We thank the editor and two anonymous reviewers for constructive feedback. We thank three other anonymous reviewers for helpful comments on an earlier version of this paper submitted to a different journal. This research was supported in part by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, grant numbers 01LS1201A2, 01LS1711F, and 01LA1829A) and the EU FP7 HELIX project (grant number 603864). Some authors acknowledge support from the Leibniz Competition projects SAW‐2013‐PIK‐5 (EXPACT) and SAW‐2016‐PIK‐1 (ENGAGE). Some authors acknowledge funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement number 821010 (CASCADES). N. H., K. N., and Y. H. acknowledge support from the ERTD Funds 2RF‐1802 and S‐14 of the Environmental Restoration and Conservation Agency of Japan. W. T. was supported by an ETH Zurich postdoctoral fellowship (Fel‐45 15‐1). V. H. was supported by the Spanish Ministry of Economy, Industry and Competitiveness (MINECO, grant number PCIN‐2017‐046). P. C. acknowledges support from the CLAND ANR Convergence Institute. S. L. acknowledges funding from the European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation program under grant agreement number 641816 (CRESCENDO). Open access funding enabled and organized by Projekt DEAL., Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Water and Climate Risk
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, HYDROLOGICAL MODELS, Population, 0207 environmental engineering, FLOOD RISK, Environmental Sciences & Ecology, 02 engineering and technology, Subtropics, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, 01 natural sciences, Population density, Latitude, Climate-related extreme events, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), SDG 13 - Climate Action, Meteorology & Atmospheric Sciences, BURNED AREA, GLOBAL CROP PRODUCTION, Geosciences, Multidisciplinary, 020701 environmental engineering, education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Event (probability theory), education.field_of_study, Science & Technology, Land use, Global warming, VEGETATION MODEL ORCHIDEE, Geology, 15. Life on land, TERRESTRIAL CARBON BALANCE, 13. Climate action, Climatology, Physical Sciences, TROPICAL CYCLONE ACTIVITY, HURRICANE INTENSITY, Environmental science, Tropical cyclone, INTERANNUAL VARIABILITY, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Environmental Sciences, INCORPORATING SPITFIRE
Abstract: Summarization: The extent and impact of climate‐related extreme events depend on the underlying meteorological, hydrological, or climatological drivers as well as on human factors such as land use or population density. Here we quantify the pure effect of historical and future climate change on the exposure of land and population to extreme climate impact events using an unprecedentedly large ensemble of harmonized climate impact simulations from the Inter‐Sectoral Impact Model Intercomparison Project phase 2b. Our results indicate that global warming has already more than doubled both the global land area and the global population annually exposed to all six categories of extreme events considered: river floods, tropical cyclones, crop failure, wildfires, droughts, and heatwaves. Global warming of 2°C relative to preindustrial conditions is projected to lead to a more than fivefold increase in cross‐category aggregate exposure globally. Changes in exposure are unevenly distributed, with tropical and subtropical regions facing larger increases than higher latitudes. The largest increases in overall exposure are projected for the population of South Asia. Presented on: Earth's Future
Published: 2020

8. Study Protocol: A Cross-Sectional Examination of Socio-Demographic and Ecological Determinants of Nutrition and Disease Across Madagascar

Author: Christopher D. Golden, Benjamin L. Rice, Hervet J. Randriamady, Arisoa Miadana Vonona, Jean Frederick Randrianasolo, Ambinintsoa Nirina Tafangy, Mamy Yves Andrianantenaina, Nicholas J. Arisco, Gauthier N. Emile, Faustin Lainandrasana, Robuste Fenoarison Faraniaina Mahonjolaza, Hermann Paratoaly Raelson, Vololoniaina Ravo Rakotoarilalao, Anjaharinony Andry Ny Aina Rakotomalala, Alex Dominique Rasamison, Rebaliha Mahery, M. Luciano Tantely, Romain Girod, Akshaya Annapragada, Amy Wesolowski, Amy Winter, Daniel L. Hartl, James Hazen, C. Jessica E. Metcalf, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Madagascar Health and Environmental Research [Maroantsetra, Madagascar] (MAHERY), Princeton University, Unité d'Entomologie Médicale [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Harvard University [Cambridge], Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Catholic Relief Services [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (CRS), Catholic Relief Services [Baltimore] (CRS), and We are grateful for the support from the United States Agency for International Development (Grant No. AID-FFP-A-14-00008) implemented by Catholic Relief Services (CRS) in consortium with four local implementing partners in Madagascar. The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily the views and opinions of the United States Agency for International Development. We also thank the Wellcome Trust Our Planet, Our Health program (grant 106866/Z/15/Z) for providing funding to CM for this research.
Subjects: Environmental change, infectious disease, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, malaria, Distribution (economics), planetary health, Disease, migration, MESH: Madagascar, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, Environmental health, MESH: Child, disease ecology, MESH: Family Characteristics, MESH: Ecosystem, 030212 general & internal medicine, Clinical Study Protocol, education, Disease burden, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, Food security, MESH: Humans, business.industry, seasonality, 030503 health policy & services, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, lcsh:RA1-1270, food security, 15. Life on land, MESH: Nutritional Status, MESH: Male, General Social Survey, Geography, 13. Climate action, micronutrient nutrition, Observational study, Public Health, 0305 other medical science, business, MESH: Female
Abstract: International audience; Madagascar has experienced significant environmental change since 1960, particularly through forest clearing for agricultural expansion. Climatic patterns are undergoing change in Madagascar as well, with increasing temperatures, droughts, and cyclonic activity. The impact of these environmental and climatic changes will pose threats to food availability, income generation, and local ecosystems, with significant potential effects on the spatial and temporal distribution of disease burden. This study seeks to describe the health status of a large sample of geographically and socially diverse Malagasy communities through multiple clinical measurements, detailed social surveys, and paired data on regional variation in local ecologies. With an increased understanding of the current patterns of variation in human health and nutrition, future studies will be better able to identify associations with climate and anticipate and mitigate the burdens expected from larger, longer-term changes. Our mixed-method approach included an observational cross-sectional study. Research subjects were men, women, and children from 1,125 households evenly distributed across 24 communities in four ecologically and socio-demographically distinct regions of Madagascar. For these 1,125 households, all persons of both sexes and all ages therein (for a total of 6,292 individuals) were recruited into the research study and a total of 5,882 individuals were enrolled. Through repeated social survey recalls and focus group meetings, we obtained social and demographic data, including broad categories of seasonal movements, and characterized the fluctuation of income generation, food production and dietary consumption. Through collection of clinical and biological samples for both point-of-care diagnoses and laboratory analyses, we obtained detailed occurrence (and importantly co-occurrence) data on micronutrient nutritional, infectious disease, and non-communicable disease status. Our research highlights the highly variable social, cultural, and environmental contexts of health conditions in Madagascar, and the tremendous inter-regional, inter-community, and intra-community variation in nutritional and disease status. More than 30% of the surveyed population was afflicted by anemia and 14% of the population had a current malaria infection. This type of rich metadata associated with a suite of biological samples and nutritional and disease outcome data should allow disentangling some of the underlying drivers of ill health across the changing landscapes of Madagascar.
Published: 2020

9. Variation in Anopheles distribution and predictors of malaria infection risk across regions of Madagascar

Author: Marcia C. Castro, Gauthier N. Emile, Romain Girod, Christopher D. Golden, Benjamin L. Rice, Hervet J. Randriamady, Nicholas J. Arisco, Luciano Michaël Tantely, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University [Cambridge], Unité d'Entomologie Médicale [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Madagascar Health and Environmental Research [Maroantsetra, Madagascar] (MAHERY), and We are grateful for the support from the United States Agency for International Development (Grant AID-FFP-A-14-00,008) implemented by Catholic Relief Services (CRS) in consortium with four local implementing partners in Madagascar. The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily the views and opinions of the United States Agency for International Development. GeoStore funds provided by Airbus Defense & Space (Grant AH08211501).
Subjects: Male, Environmental change, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Distribution (economics), MESH: Madagascar, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, Risk Factors, Planetary health, MESH: Demography, MESH: Risk Factors, MESH: Child, Disease ecology, MESH: Animals, MESH: Ecosystem, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Land use change, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, 2. Zero hunger, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, Multilevel model, Anopheles, Middle Aged, MESH: Infant, Infectious Diseases, Geography, MESH: Young Adult, Child, Preschool, Female, MESH: Mosquito Vectors, Adult, MESH: Socioeconomic Factors, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Adolescent, lcsh:RC955-962, 030231 tropical medicine, MESH: Malaria, Mosquito Vectors, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, MESH: Anopheles, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, Deforestation, Environmental health, Vector-borne disease, parasitic diseases, medicine, Madagascar, Animals, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Socioeconomic status, Ecosystem, Aged, Demography, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Research, MESH: Child, Preschool, MESH: Animal Distribution, Infant, MESH: Adult, 15. Life on land, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, Malaria, Cross-Sectional Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, Parasitology, business, Animal Distribution, MESH: Female
Abstract: Background Deforestation and land use change is widespread in Madagascar, altering local ecosystems and creating opportunities for disease vectors, such as the Anopheles mosquito, to proliferate and more easily reach vulnerable, rural populations. Knowledge of risk factors associated with malaria infections is growing globally, but these associations remain understudied across Madagascar’s diverse ecosystems experiencing rapid environmental change. This study aims to uncover socioeconomic, demographic, and ecological risk factors for malaria infection across regions through analysis of a large, cross-sectional dataset. Methods The objectives were to assess (1) the ecological correlates of malaria vector breeding through larval surveys, and (2) the socioeconomic, demographic, and ecological risk factors for malaria infection in four ecologically distinct regions of rural Madagascar. Risk factors were determined using multilevel models for the four regions included in the study. Results The presence of aquatic agriculture (both within and surrounding communities) is the strongest predictive factor of habitats containing Anopheles larvae across all regions. Ecological and socioeconomic risk factors for malaria infection vary dramatically across study regions and range in their complexity. Conclusions Risk factors for malaria transmission differ dramatically across regions of Madagascar. These results may help stratifying current malaria control efforts in Madagascar beyond the scope of existing interventions.
Published: 2020

10. Climate change impact on future wildfire danger and activity in southern Europe: a review

Author: Javier Madrigal, Jean-Luc Dupuy, Carmen Hernando, Julien Ruffault, François Pimont, Nicolas Martin-StPaul, Hélène Fargeon, Paulo Fernandes, Mercedes Guijarro, Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centro de Investigacion Forestal (INIA-CIFOR), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), Universidade de Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro (UTAD), Universidade do Trás-os-Montes e Alto Douro, Centro de Investigação e de Tecnologias Agro-Ambientais e Biológicas (CITAB), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro [Portugal] (UTAD), This paper has been prepared under the framework of the project MedWildFireLab (‘Global Change Impacts on Wildland Fire Behaviour and Uses in Mediterranean Forest Ecosystems, towards a «wall less» Mediterranean Wildland Fire Laboratory’) funded by ERANET FORESTERRA, and project UID/AGR/04033/2019 funded by the FCT (Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia)., European Project: 138533,FCT::,FORESTERRA/2014,FORESTERRA/0001/2014(2014), Spanish National Research Council [Madrid] (CSIC), and Portuguese Foundation for Science and TechnologyUID/AGR/04033/2019
Subjects: environmental_sciences, 0106 biological sciences, Mediterranean climate, Forest management, Climate change, Climate-fire relationship, FWI, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Forest fuels, Mediterranean forests, Burnt areas, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, 11. Sustainability, Ecosystem, Projections, Ecology, Global warming, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Arid, Disturbance (ecology), 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, Environmental science, Physical geography, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Wildfire is the main disturbance in forested ecosystems of southern Europe and is due to complex interactions between climate-weather, fuels and people. Warmer and drier conditions projected in this region are expected to profoundly affect wildfires, which will impact ecosystems and humans. We review the scientific literature addressing the assessment of climate change impacts on wildfires in southern Europe, with a twofold objective: (i) report the trends in wildfire danger and activity projected under warming climate in southern Europe and (ii) discuss the limitations of wildfire projections under the specific biogeographical context of southern Europe.We identified 22 projection studies that examined future wildfire danger or wildfire activity at local, regional or continental scale. Under the scenario with the highest greenhouse gas emissions, we found that projections studies estimate an increase in future fire danger and burnt areas varying, on average, from 2 to 4 % and from 15 to 25 % per decade, respectively. Fire-prone area expansion to the north and to Mediterranean mountains is a concern, while climate-induced burnt area increase might be limited by fuel availability in the most arid areas. While all studies agreed on the direction of changes, further comparisons on the magnitude of increase remained challenging because of heterogeneous methodological choices between projections studies (climate models, projection period, spatial scale and fire metrics). We then described three main sources of uncertainty that may affect the reliability of wildfire projections: climate projections, climate-fire models, and the influences of fuel load/structure and human related factors on the climate-fire relationships. We finally suggest research directions to address some of these issues for the purpose of refining fire danger and fire activity projections in southern Europe.
Published: 2020

11. High-spatiotemporal-resolution mapping of global urban change from 1985 to 2015

Author: Zhenzhong Zeng, Xuecao Li, Xiaoping Liu, Philippe Ciais, Yimin Chen, Yinghuai Huang, Kangning Huang, Guohua Hu, Xia Li, Xiaocong Xu, Peng Gong, Qiusheng Wu, Peirong Lin, Anping Chen, Jun Chen, Kai Gong, Lyndon Estes, Alan D. Ziegler, Shaojian Wang, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Agence Nationale de la Recherche, ANR Southern University of Science and Technology, SUSTech 2017YFA0604404, 2019YFA0607203, This research was funded by the National Key R&D Program of China (grant no. 2017YFA0604404 and grant no. 2019YFA0607203). Z.Z. was supported by the start-up fund provided by Southern University of Science and Technology (grant no. G02296001). We thank the French ANR Convergence Institute CLAND project for support. We thank many students (for example, Z. Lin) for their days and nights validating our GAUD product via high-resolution satellite image interpretation. We also thank K. C. Seto and M. Hansen for their constructive comments on this paper., ANR-16-CONV-0003,CLAND,CLAND : Changement climatique et usage des terres(2016), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Environmental change, Geography, Planning and Development, Population, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Urban planning, Urbanization, Natural hazard, 11. Sustainability, Population growth, education, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Sustainable development, Global and Planetary Change, education.field_of_study, Ecology, Flood myth, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, business.industry, Environmental resource management, 15. Life on land, Urban Studies, Geography, 13. Climate action, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], business, Food Science
Abstract: High-resolution global maps of annual urban land coverage provide fundamental information of global environmental change and contribute to applications related to climate mitigation and urban planning for sustainable development. Here we map global annual urban dynamics from 1985 to 2015 at a 30 m resolution using numerous surface reflectance data from Landsat satellites. We find that global urban extent has expanded by 9,687 km2 per year. This rate is four times greater than previous reputable estimates from worldwide individual cities, suggesting an unprecedented rate of global urbanization. The rate of urban expansion is notably faster than that of population growth, indicating that the urban land area already exceeds what is needed to sustain population growth. Looking ahead, using these maps in conjunction with integrated assessment models can facilitate greater understanding of the complex environmental impacts of urbanization and help urban planners avoid natural hazards; for example, by limiting new development in flood risk zones. The world keeps urbanizing. This study finds that since 1985 global urban lands have expanded four times faster than previously recognized and faster than population is growing.
Published: 2020

12. Forest production efficiency increases with growth temperature

Author: Alessandro Cescatti, Alessio Collalti, Andreas Ibrom, Giorgio Matteucci, Marcos Fernández-Martínez, Ramdane Alkama, Daniel S. Goll, Julia Pongratz, Philippe Ciais, Anders Stockmarr, Vanessa Haverd, Stephen Sitch, Julia E. M. S. Nabel, Iain Colin Prentice, Pierre Friedlingstein, Almut Arneth, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), FOE-2019 College of Natural Resources, University of California Berkeley, CNR: DTA.AD003.474, We thank R.H. Waring, S. Vicca, M. Campioli, F. Pagani and E. Grieco for early constructive comments and thoughtful suggestions, S. Noce for the map of data points. We thank efforts from all site investigators and their funding agencies. This paper contributes to the AXA Chair Programme in Biosphere and Climate Impacts and the Imperial College initiative Grand Challenges in Ecosystems and the Environment. A.C. and G.M. are partially supported by resources available from the Ministry of University and Research (FOE-2019), under the project 'Climate Change' (CNR DTA.AD003.474), M.F.-M. is a postdoctoral fellow of the Research Foundation—Flanders (FWO), AXA Research Fund, and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, General Physics and Astronomy, adaptation, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Nutrient, Forest production efficiency, ddc:550, SDG 13 - Climate Action, gpp, lcsh:Science, Plant ecology, chemistry.chemical_classification, forest productivity, Carbon dioxide in Earth's atmosphere, Biomass (ecology), Multidisciplinary, Climate-change ecology, Biogeography, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Engineering sciences. Technology, primary production, biomass production efficienty, Science, carbon use efficiency, chemistry.chemical_element, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Article, Latitude, Organic matter, Ecosystem, Precipitation, Biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Computer. Automation, npp, Primary production, General Chemistry, 15. Life on land, Earth sciences, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, lcsh:Q, Forest ecology, Carbon, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Forest production efficiency (FPE) metric describes how efficiently the assimilated carbon is partitioned into plants organs (biomass production, BP) or—more generally—for the production of organic matter (net primary production, NPP). We present a global analysis of the relationship of FPE to stand-age and climate, based on a large compilation of data on gross primary production and either BP or NPP. FPE is important for both forest production and atmospheric carbon dioxide uptake. We find that FPE increases with absolute latitude, precipitation and (all else equal) with temperature. Earlier findings—FPE declining with age—are also supported by this analysis. However, the temperature effect is opposite to what would be expected based on the short-term physiological response of respiration rates to temperature, implying a top-down regulation of carbon loss, perhaps reflecting the higher carbon costs of nutrient acquisition in colder climates. Current ecosystem models do not reproduce this phenomenon. They consistently predict lower FPE in warmer climates, and are therefore likely to overestimate carbon losses in a warming climate., Many models assume a universal carbon use efficiency across forest biomes, in contrast to assumptions of other process-based models. Here the authors analyse forest production efficiency across a wide range of climates to show a positive relationship with annual temperature and precipitation, indicating that ecosystem models are overestimating forest carbon losses under warming.
Published: 2020

13. Differences in motivations and social impacts across urban agriculture types: Case studies in Europe and the US

Author: Kathrin Specht, Rositsa T. Ilieva, Chris Blythe, Runrid Fox-Kämper, Victoria Schoen, Lidia Poniży, Agnès Lelièvre, Silvio Caputo, Caitlin K. Kirby, Jason K. Hawes, Nevin Cohen, Nebraska Wesleyan University (NWU), ILS - Research Institute for Regional and Urban Development (ILS - Research Institute for Regional and Urban Development), ILS - Research Institute for Regional and Urban Development, University of Michigan System, City University of New York [New York] (CUNY), University of Kent [Canterbury], Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Social Farms & Gardens, This paper is based on FEW-meter project, funded by ESRC, UK, grant number ES/S002170/2, by BMBF: Germany, grant number 01LF1801A, by ANR: France, grant number ANR-17-SUGI-0001-01, by NSF: USA, Belmont Forum 18929627, by NCN: Poland, grant no 2017/25/Z/HS4/03048, and by European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (GA No 730254) under the JPI Urban Europe's call 'SUGI FWE Nexus'. The German-American Fulbright Commission also provided support for this project., and Elsevier
Subjects: Multivariate analysis, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Multivariate analysis of variance, Urban farms, 11. Sustainability, General wellbeing, Urban agriculture, Socioeconomics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, Socialization, 1. No poverty, Social benefits, 021107 urban & regional planning, 15. Life on land, Health and wellbeing, Urban Studies, Geography, Survey data collection, Motivations, Community gardens, Allotment gardens
Abstract: International audience; Urban agriculture is an increasingly popular approach to addressing negative social and health effects of cities. Social benefits of urban agriculture include improved health and wellbeing, economic opportunities, social cohesion, and education. However, the extent to which urban agriculture participants are motivated by or experience these impacts has rarely been measured quantitatively, especially across the many different types of urban agriculture. We analyzed survey data from 74 urban agriculture sites in France, Germany, Poland, the United Kingdom, and the United States to quantitatively assess the relationships between urban agriculture types, farmers and gardeners' motivations, and the social impacts of urban agriculture. Through factor analysis, we established valid and reliable measurements of participants' motivations and impacts. We identified four scales: general wellbeing impacts, nutritional health impacts, economic interests, and socialization motivations. Through multivariate analysis of variance, we document significant differences in motivations and reported impacts across types of urban agriculture. Finally, we conducted a multilevel multivariate analysis to explore the predictors of general wellbeing impacts. Participants with stronger economic interests, stronger socialization motivations, and who are owners or primary operators of their plots would be predicted to report greater general wellbeing impacts of urban agriculture. These results provide data about the impacts of urban agriculture projects that enable urban planners and policymakers to maximize the desired social benefits of urban agriculture.
Published: 2021

14. Nitrogen cycling in monospecific and mixed-species plantations of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus at 4 sites in Brazil

Author: Florence Tardy, Jean-Pierre Bouillet, Jean-Paul Laclau, Marcelo Zacharias Moreira, D.R.M. Caldeira, José Leonardo de Moraes Gonçalves, Fernando Palha Leite, Carolina B. Brandani, Maureen Voigtlaender, Ranieri Ribeiro Paula, Didier Brunet, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA ), University of São Paulo (USP), Celulose Nipo-Brasileira SA (CENIBRA), Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo (UFES), Cenibra, International Paper, Suzano Papel e Celulose, SOERE F-ORE-T network, which is supported annually by Ecofor, Allenvi and the French National Research Infrastructure ANAEE-F, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), UMR Eco&Sols, University of Montpellier, Coordenação de Pesquisa Florestal, UFES, Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)
Subjects: Litière forestière, 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Acacia mangium, Tree mixtures, 2. Zero hunger, N 2 fixation, biology, Forestry, Plant litter, Plantation forestière, Eucalyptus, CONSORCIAÇÃO DE CULTURAS, Cycle de l'azote, Tropical plantations, Organic matter, P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, Eucalyptus grandis, Fixation de l'azote, Soil texture, Acacia, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Litterfall, 010603 evolutionary biology, N-2 fixation, Culture en mélange, Eucalypt, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Nutrition, Forest floor, Topsoil, Soil organic matter, P35 - Fertilité du sol, Eucalyptus urophylla, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, K10 - Production forestière, F61 - Physiologie végétale - Nutrition, Agronomy, Environmental science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:31:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-03-15 Mixing N-fixing trees with eucalypts is an attractive option to improve the long-term soil N status in fast-growing plantations established in tropical soils. A randomized block design was replicated at four sites in Brazil to compare the biogeochemical cycles in mono-specific stands of Eucalyptus (100E) and Acacia mangium (100A) with mixed-species plantations in a proportion of 1:1 (50A50E). Our study aimed to assess the effects of introducing A. mangium trees in Eucalyptus plantations on atmospheric N 2 fixation, N cycling and soil organic matter stocks. Litterfall and soil N mineralization were measured over the last two years of the rotation (4–6 years after planting). Aboveground N accumulation in the trees and C and N stocks in the forest floor and in the top soil were intensively sampled at harvesting age. N 2 fixation rates were estimated using the natural abundance of 15 N as well as by the difference between total N stocks in 100A and 50A50E relative to 100E (accretion method). While the 15 N natural abundance method was unsuitable, the accretion method showed consistently across the four sites that atmospheric N fixation reached about 250 and 400 kg N ha −1 rotation −1 in 50A50E and 100A, respectively. Except at one site with high mortality, N contents within trees at harvesting were approximately 40% higher in 100A than in 100E. Mean N contents in litterfall and N mineralization rates were about 60% higher in 100A than in 100E, with intermediate values in 50A50E. The amounts of N in litterfall were much more dependent on soil N mineralization rates for acacia trees than for eucalypt trees. Soil C and N stocks were dependent on soil texture but not influenced by tree species. N budgets over a 6-year rotation were enhanced by about 65 kg N ha −1 yr −1 in 100A and 40 kg N ha −1 yr −1 in 50A50E relative to monospecific eucalypt plantations. Introducing N-fixing trees in eucalypt plantations might therefore contribute to reducing the need for mineral N fertilization in the long-term. USP ESALQ Forest Science Department UNESP Departamento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ CIRAD UMR Eco&Sols Eco&Sols INRA CIRAD IRD Montpellier SupAgro University of Montpellier USP CENA, Av. Centenário, 303 CENIBRA Coordenação de Pesquisa Florestal, 35196-972 Belo Oriente Department of Forest Science and Wood UFES, 29550-000 Jerônimo Monteiro UNESP Departamento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’
Published: 2019

15. Economic Analysis of the Traditional Cultural Terraced Olive-Growing Landscape and Participatory Planning Process

Author: Biancamaria Torquati, Lucio Cecchini, Sonia Venanzi, Giulia Giacchè, Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia (DSA3), Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Espaces et Sociétés (ESO), Institut de Géographie et d'Aménagement Régional de l'Université de Nantes (IGARUN), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Le Mans Université (UM), Bureau de recherche Exp’AU EXPertise en Agricultures Urbaines, Partenaires INRAE, Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, and The research on which this paper is based was undertaken as part of a research project titled ‘Traditional agricultural landscapes in Italy: multi-disciplinary and multi-scale assessment for the development of an integrated model for landscape planning and management’, co-financed by Programs of Relevant National Interest (PRIN) Grant number 2010LE4NBM_013, and as a part of a research project titled ‘The quality of the landscape for socio-economic development: the case study of Trevi’s historical olive groves’, co-financed by Basic Research of University of Perugia. We are particularly grateful to Carlo Sportolaro for his cooperation in construction of the GIS database and for realisation of maps, and to Alvaro Paggi and Tiziana Ravagli for their cooperation in conducting the study.
Subjects: Participatory planning, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Abandonment, business.industry, Process (engineering), Cultural landscape, Abandonment (legal), [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, Public institution, Extra Virgin Olive Oil, 15. Life on land, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, GISGeographic Information Systems, 12. Responsible consumption, abandonmentAbandonment, Traditional Olive Groves, Incentive, Agriculture, Olive-growing Areas, 11. Sustainability, Profitability index, Business, Environmental planning, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Terraced landscapes are increasingly considered as valuable cultural, social, and environmental systems. However, we could attribute the loss of most of these landscapes and their tangible and intangible heritages to the abandonment or degradation of these areas that could be valorised and protected. The main goals of this study are providing a methodology and tools to analyse traditional terraced landscapes integrating spatial analysis with socio-economic analysis and suggesting operational or political proposals to reduce the abandonment of agricultural terraces. The selected study area is the olive-growing area in the municipality of Trevi (Umbria Region, Italy). This study’s innovative contribution is its methodology composed of two main steps: construction of an integrated and open database followed by launch of a participatory planning process. The results show that the main weakness of the conservation of the olive-growing landscape is the profitability level of olive oil production and sale. Some measures need to be implemented to address these issues, and a joint public and private effort is required. On the one hand, public institutions should provide direct funding and incentives, and on the other, consumers should be willing to pay more for extra-virgin olive oil with landscaped value. Moreover, nomination for inscription into UNESCO’s World Heritage List as a cultural landscape, advocated by local institutions, could generate useful synergies to implement efficient collective marketing policies, which are particularly demanded by olive growers.
Published: 2019

16. Long cold exposure induces transcriptional and biochemical remodelling of xylem secondary cell wall in Eucalyptus

Author: Victor Carocha, Raphael Ployet, Jacqueline Grima-Pettenati, Marçal Soler, Nathalie Ladouce, Ana Alves, Luc Harvengt, José-Carlos Rodrigues, Christiane Marque, Chantal Teulières, Fabien Mounet, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), RAIZ – Forestry & Paper Research Institut, Régulation et Dynamique de la Formation du Bois, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Centro de Estudos Florestais, Technical University of Lisbon-Instituto Superior de Agronomia, Laboratoire de Biotechnologie, Institut Technologique Forêt Cellulose Bois-construction Ameublement (FCBA), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, and FCBA
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Physiology, Plant Science, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Cell wall, Transcriptome, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cell Wall, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Xylem, Botany, Lignin, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Hybrid, Regulation of gene expression, Eucalyptus, Abiotic stress, Gene Expression Profiling, food and beverages, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, [SDV.BBM.MN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular Networks [q-bio.MN], 15. Life on land, Cold Temperature, 030104 developmental biology, chemistry, Secondary cell wall, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Although eucalypts are the most planted hardwood trees worldwide, the majority of them are frost sensitive. The recent creation of frost-tolerant hybrids such as Eucalyptus gundal plants (E. gunnii × E. dalrympleana hybrids), now enables the development of industrial plantations in northern countries. Our objective was to evaluate the impact of cold on the wood structure and composition of these hybrids, and on the biosynthetic and regulatory processes controlling their secondary cell-wall (SCW) formation. We used an integrated approach combining histology, biochemical characterization and transcriptomic profiling as well as gene co-expression analyses to investigate xylem tissues from Eucalyptus hybrids exposed to cold conditions. Chilling temperatures triggered the deposition of thicker and more lignified xylem cell walls as well as regulation at the transcriptional level of SCW genes. Most genes involved in lignin biosynthesis, except those specifically dedicated to syringyl unit biosynthesis, were up-regulated. The construction of a co-expression network enabled the identification of both known and potential new SCW transcription factors, induced by cold stress. These regulators at the crossroads between cold signalling and SCW formation are promising candidates for functional studies since they may contribute to the tolerance of E. gunnii × E. dalrympleana hybrids to cold.
Published: 2018

17. Current and future distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera : Culicidae) in WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region

Author: Johannes Charlier, Ward Bryssinckx, Valérie De Waele, Frédéric Simard, Evans Buliva, Abdulhafid Hussain, Nhu Nguyen Tran Minh, Muhammad Mukhtar, David Roiz, Nabil Haddad, Ali Bouattour, Guy Hendrickx, Els Ducheyne, Osama Mahmoud, Mamunur Rahman Malik, Avia-GIS [Zoersel], WHO - Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean [Cairo, Egypt] (EMRO), Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Université Libanaise, Diversity, ecology, evolution & Adaptation of arthropod vectors (MIVEGEC-DEEVA), Evolution des Systèmes Vectoriels (ESV), Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Maladies infectieuses et vecteurs : écologie, génétique, évolution et contrôle (MIVEGEC), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Ministry of Health Oman, Directorate of Malaria Control [Islamabad] (DoMC), Institut Pasteur de Tunis, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Ministry of Health and Human Services [Somalia], Vector Control Group (MIVEGEC-VCG), This work was supported by the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. The work was supported partially by the project InvaCosts (ANR-14-CE02-0021-01). Field work in Lebanon was supported by the WHO National Bureau (LEB1409860)., We thank the numerous entomologists and health officers of the EMR who shared data with the WHO Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean. Ms. Barwa and Dr. Zayed are gratefully acknowledged for their technical assistance. We gratefully acknowledge the valuable input of the anonymous reviewers on the first version of this paper., ANR-14-CE02-0021,InvaCosts,Insectes envahissants et leurs couts pour la biodiversité, l'économie et la santé humaine(2014), and Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean [Cairo] (EMRO)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Species distribution, Distribution (economics), Geographic Mapping, Distribution, medicine.disease_cause, Population density, MESH: Mosquito Vectors, MESH: Yellow Fever/diagnosis, Dengue fever, Dengue, MESH: Aedes, 0302 clinical medicine, Aedes aegypti, Aedes, MESH: Animals, Chikungunya, MESH: Dengue/diagnosis, Surveillance, biology, Mediterranean Region, Aedes albopictus, Geography, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, MESH: Yellow Fever/epidemiology, lcsh:R858-859.7, Yellow fever, Cartography, MESH: Forecasting, General Computer Science, 030231 tropical medicine, MESH: Dengue/epidemiology, Mosquito Vectors, lcsh:Computer applications to medicine. Medical informatics, World Health Organization, MESH: Mediterranean Region/epidemiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Zika, MESH: World Health Organization, Species Specificity, MESH: Geographic Mapping, Yellow Fever, medicine, MESH: Species Specificity, Animals, Humans, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Research, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, 15. Life on land, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, General Business, Management and Accounting, Spatial model, 030104 developmental biology, Culicidae, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Culicidae, Forecasting
Abstract: Background Aedes-borne diseases as dengue, zika, chikungunya and yellow fever are an emerging problem worldwide, being transmitted by Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus. Lack of up to date information about the distribution of Aedes species hampers surveillance and control. Global databases have been compiled but these did not capture data in the WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region (EMR), and any models built using these datasets fail to identify highly suitable areas where one or both species may occur. The first objective of this study was therefore to update the existing Ae. aegypti (Linnaeus, 1762) and Ae. albopictus (Skuse, 1895) compendia and the second objective was to generate species distribution models targeted to the EMR. A final objective was to engage the WHO points of contacts within the region to provide feedback and hence validate all model outputs. Methods The Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus compendia provided by Kraemer et al. (Sci Data 2:150035, 2015; Dryad Digit Repos, 2015) were used as starting points. These datasets were extended with more recent species and disease data. In the next step, these sets were filtered using the Köppen–Geiger classification and the Mahalanobis distance. The occurrence data were supplemented with pseudo-absence data as input to Random Forests. The resulting suitability and maximum risk of establishment maps were combined into hard-classified maps per country for expert validation. Results The EMR datasets consisted of 1995 presence locations for Ae. aegypti and 2868 presence locations for Ae. albopictus. The resulting suitability maps indicated that there exist areas with high suitability and/or maximum risk of establishment for these disease vectors in contrast with previous model output. Precipitation and host availability, expressed as population density and night-time lights, were the most important variables for Ae. aegypti. Host availability was the most important predictor in case of Ae. albopictus. Internal validation was assessed geographically. External validation showed high agreement between the predicted maps and the experts’ extensive knowledge of the terrain. Conclusion Maps of distribution and maximum risk of establishment were created for Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus for the WHO EMR. These region-specific maps highlighted data gaps and these gaps will be filled using targeted monitoring and surveillance. This will increase the awareness and preparedness of the different countries for Aedes borne diseases. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12942-018-0125-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Published: 2018

18. Forests and global change: what can genetics contribute to the major forest management and policy challenges of the twenty-first century?

Author: Arantxa Prada, Joan Cottrell, Santiago C. González-Martínez, Bart Muys, Lennart Ackzell, Ricardo Alía, Bruno Fady, Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Forest Research, Northern Research Station, The Roslin Institute, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Federation of Swedish Family Forest Owners, Partenaires INRAE, Centro de Investigacion Forestal (INIA-CIFOR), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), European Forest Institute (EFI), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), General Directorate for Environment, Centro de Tecnologías Físicas [Universitat Politècnica de València], Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), This paper stems from the work of the stakeholder panel of the EU supported EraNet BiodivERsA project 'Linking genetic variability with ecological responses to environmental changes: forest trees as model systems (LinkTree)' whose financial help is acknowledged. BF wishes to thank the French 'Commission des ressources genetiques forestieres (http://agriculture.gouv.fr/conservation-des-ressources)' (CRGF) and EUFORGEN (http://www.euforgen.org/) for insightful discussions. SCG-M acknowledges receipt of a Senior Marie Curie Intra European Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (PIEF-GA-2012-328146) at the Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Switzerland, European Project: 328146,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF,SEX-NGS(2013), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Forest Research, Northern Research Station, European Forest Institute = Institut Européen de la Forêt = Euroopan metsäinstituutti (EFI), and Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Environmental change, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, media_common.quotation_subject, Forest management, Climate change, Context (language use), adaptation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Adaptability, Ecosystem services, assisted migration, Resilience (network), media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, Global and Planetary Change, business.industry, Environmental resource management, genetic diversity, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, sustainable forestry, climate change, gene conservation, 13. Climate action, Sustainability, Business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The conservation and sustainable use of forests in the twenty-first century pose huge challenges for forest management and policy. Society demands that forests provide a wide range of ecosystem services, from timber products, raw materials and renewable energy to sociocultural amenities and habitats for nature conservation. Innovative management and policy approaches need to be developed to meet these often-conflicting demands in a context of environmental change of uncertain magnitude and scale. Genetic diversity is a key component of resilience and adaptability. Overall, forest tree populations are genetically very diverse, conferring them an enormous potential for genetic adaptation via the processes of gene flow and natural selection. Here, we review the main challenges facing our forests in the coming century and focus on how recent progress in genetics can contribute to the development of appropriate practical actions that forest managers and policy makers can adopt to promote forest resilience to climate change. Emerging knowledge will inform and clarify current controversies relating to the choice of appropriate genetic resources for planting, the effect of silvicultural systems and stand tending on adaptive potential and the best ways to harness genetic diversity in breeding and conservation programs. Gaps in our knowledge remain, and we identify where additional information is needed (e.g., the adaptive value of peripheral populations or the genetic determinism of key adaptive traits) and the types of studies that are required to provide this key understanding.
Published: 2015

19. Pools, channel form, and sediment storage in wood-restored streams: potential effects on downstream reservoirs

Author: Jon Molinero, José Ramón Díez, Arturo Elosegi, Lorea Flores, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of the Basque Country, University College of Teacher Training, University of the Basque Country (University of the Basque Country), Ecologie Comportementale et Biologie des Populations de Poissons (ECOBIOP), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA), Escuela de Gestion Ambiental, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, and This paper was supported by the Project ‘Complextream: effects of channel complexity on stream communities and ecosystemfunctioning’, funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation (project CGL2007- 65176/HID)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Drainage basin, STREAMS, 01 natural sciences, Riparian forest, Ecosystem, Organic matter, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Hydrology, chemistry.chemical_classification, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, stream, Sediment, 15. Life on land, 6. Clean water, Siltation, ecosystem service, Habitat, chemistry, 13. Climate action, reservoir siltation, channel accretion, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Geology, wood
Abstract: A complèter : pagination et WOS; International audience; Large wood (LW, or pieces of dead wood longer than 1 m and thicker than 10 cm in diameter) is a key element in forested streams, but its abundance has decreased worldwide as a result of snagging and clearing of riparian forests. Therefore, many restoration projects introduce LW into stream channels to enhance geomorphology, biotic communities, and ecosystem functioning. Because LW enhances the retention of organic matter and sediments, its restoration can reduce siltation in receiving reservoirs, although so far little information on this subject is available. We studied the effects of restoring the natural loading of LW in four streams in the Aiako Harria Natural Park (the Basque Country, Spain) in pool abundance, channel form, and storage of organic matter and sediments. In all reaches log jams induced the formation of new geomorphic features and changes in physical habitat, especially an increase in the number and size of pools and in the formation of gravel bars and organic deposits. The storage of organic matter increased 5- to 88-fold and streambed level rose 7 ± 4 to 21 ± 4 cm on average, resulting in the storage of 35.2 ± 19.7 to 711 ± 375 m3 (733–1400 m3 ha− 1 y− 1) of sediment per reach. Extrapolation of these results to the entire drainage basin suggests that basinwide restoration of LW loading would enhance the retention potential of stream channels by 66,817 ± 27,804 m3 (1075 m3 ha− 1 y− 1) of sediment and by 361 t (5.32 T ha− 1 y− 1) of organic matter, which represents 60% of the estimated annual inputs of sediments to the downstream Añarbe Reservoir and almost twice as much as the annual input of organic matter to the entire river network. Therefore, basinwide restoration of LW loading is a potentially important tool to manage catchments that feed reservoirs, where retention of sediments and organic matter can be considered important ecosystem services as they reduce reservoir siltation.
Published: 2017

20. The role of non-natural capital in the co-production of marine ecosystem services

Author: Andrea Belgrano, Gonzalo Macho, Edna Cabecinha, Cristina Pita, Yajie Liu, Elena Ojea, Luís Outeiro, João Garcia Rodrigues, Sebastián Villasante, Amber Himes-Cornell, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela [Spain] (USC ), Universidade de Vigo, Aménagement des Usages des Ressources et des Espaces marins et littoraux - Centre de droit et d'économie de la mer (AMURE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Marine Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology [Trondheim] (NTNU), Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro [Portugal] (UTAD), Universidade de Aveiro, LO acknowledges the ﬁnancial support from Xunta de Galicia I2C program through the Postdoctoral Project ED481B 2014/051-0. EO acknowledges funding from EU H2020 ERC Starting Grant project CLOCK (grant 679812) and Xunta de Galicia (Axuda complementaria aos beneficiarios do programa StG do Consello Europeo de Investigación). CP would also like to acknowledge FCT/MEC national funds and FEDER co-funding, within the PT2020 partnership Agreement and Compete2020, for the ﬁnancial support to CESAM (Grant No. UID/AMB/50017/2013). EC acknowledges the European Investment Funds by FEDER/COMPETE/POCI, under Project POCI-01-0145-FEDER-006958 and National Funds by FCT, under the project UID/AGR/04033/2013, for the ﬁnancial support to CITAB. SV, GM, and CP acknowledge the financial support from the ICES Science Fund project ‘Social transformations of marine social-ecological systems’. This paper is an outcome of the ICES Working Group Resilience and Marine Ecosystem Services (WGRMES) meeting held in Porto (Portugal) in June 2016. YJL acknowledges the Norwegian Research Council for partial funding through REGIMES project (project # 261809)., Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Natural resource economics, Fishing, 5312.01 Agricultura, Silvicultura, Pesca, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:TD1-1066, Ecosystem services, shellfisheries, Non-natural capital, Nonnatural capital, lcsh:HD101-1395.5, Natural capital, Small-scale fisheries management, Marine ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, lcsh:Environmental technology. Sanitary engineering, Recreation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Shellfisheries, Small-scale fisheries, Ecology, Marine ecosystem services, business.industry, Social-ecological systems, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, small-scale fisheries, Provisioning, 15. Life on land, co-production, Co-production, 2510.92 Acuicultura Marina, lcsh:Land use, Agriculture, nonnatural capital, Capital (economics), [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Business, social-ecological systemsnatural capital
Abstract: 16 pages, 4 figures, 2 tables.-- This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, A growing concern is arising to recognize that ecosystem services (ES) production often requires the integration of non-natural capital with natural capital in a process known as coproduction. Several studies explore co-production in different terrestrial ecosystems, such as agriculture or water delivery, but less attention has been paid to marine ecosystems. Coastal activities such as aquaculture, shellfish harvesting, and small-scale fishing deliver important benefits for seafood provision, but are also inextricably linked to cultural and recreational ES. The degree to which co-production can determine the provision of ES in marine systems has yet not been explored. This paper addresses this key topic with an exploratory analysis of case studies where marine ES are co-produced. We look at five small-scale fisheries that range from intensive semi-aquaculture in Galicia (Spain), to wild harvesting in Northern Portugal, and discuss to what extent co-production influences ES delivery. We find that a direct relationship exists between co-production level and ES delivery in the case of provisioning ES (e.g., fish harvest), but not necessarily in the delivery of other ES. We also find that management practices and property regimes may be affecting trade-offs between co-production and ES, LO acknowledges the financial support from Xunta de Galicia I2C program through the Postdoctoral Project ED481B 2014/051-0. EO acknowledges funding from EU H2020 ERC Starting Grant project CLOCK (grant 679812) and Xunta de Galicia (Axuda complementaria aos beneficiarios do programa StG do Consello Europeo de Investigación). CP would also like to acknowledge FCT/ MEC national funds and FEDER co-funding, within the PT2020 partnership Agreement and Compete2020, for the financial support to CESAM (Grant No. UID/AMB/50017/ 2013). EC acknowledges the European Investment Funds by FEDER/COMPETE/POCI, under Project POCI-01- 0145-FEDER-006958 and National Funds by FCT, under the project UID/AGR/04033/2013, for the financial support to CITAB. SV, GM, and CP acknowledge the financial support from the ICES Science Fund project ‘Social transformations of marine social-ecological systems
Published: 2017
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21. Integrated Analysis of Environment, Cattle and Human Serological Data: Risks and Mechanisms of Transmission of Rift Valley Fever in Madagascar

Author: Annelise Tran, Vladimir Grosbois, Jean-Pierre Ravalohery, Fanjasoa Rakotomanana, Jean-Michel Heraud, Soa Fy Andriamandimby, Christophe Rogier, Seta Andriamamonjy, Véronique Chevalier, Benoit Durand, Marie-Marie Olive, Animal et gestion intégrée des risques (UPR AGIRs), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), This study was supported in part by funds raised by (i) CIRAD (ii) the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES, grant # 131163/00) (iii) the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar. Human field work was funded by the Institut Pasteur of Madagascar (Internal Project through the ZORA (ZOonoses, Rodent and Arboviruses) project and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, and Cooperative Agreement #U51/IP000327). Moreover, this material is based upon work supported by the U. S. Department of Homeland Security under the Center of Excellence of Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases Grant Award Number 2010-ST061-AG0001. Cattle study was supported in part by funds raised by World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) through the Central Emergency Response Fund of the United Nations. The views and conclusions contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either explicit or implicit, of the U. S. Department of Homeland Security. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
Subjects: Veterinary medicine, Epidemiology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Analyse du risque, MESH: Cattle Diseases, MESH: Animals, Neglected tropical diseases, Mammals, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, MESH: Middle Aged, 000 - Autres thèmes, Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift, Anopheles, Ruminants, 3. Good health, Transmission (mechanics), MESH: Young Adult, Densité de population, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Enzootic, Infectious diseases, L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux, Genre humain, Bétail, Livestock, lcsh:RC955-962, MESH: Culex, Microbiology, MESH: Anopheles, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, Madagascar, MESH: Humans, MESH: Seroepidemiologic Studies, Tropical diseases, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Organisms, lcsh:RA1-1270, MESH: Adult, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, 15. Life on land, medicine.disease, Invertebrates, Insect Vectors, 030104 developmental biology, Africa, Cattle, MESH: Female, MESH: Antibodies, Viral, 0301 basic medicine, RNA viruses, Cattle Diseases, Disease Vectors, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Mosquitoes, Serology, Geographical Locations, MESH: Madagascar, law, Zoonoses, Facteur de risque, Bunyaviruses, Medicine and Health Sciences, MESH: Rift Valley Fever, Comportement humain, Rift Valley fever, 2. Zero hunger, biology, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Agriculture, Facteur du milieu, Medical microbiology, Insects, MESH: Cattle, Vecteur de maladie, Vertebrates, Viruses, MESH: Rift Valley fever virus, Seasons, Pathogens, Research Article, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Zone humide, Arthropoda, Distribution géographique, Culex, 030231 tropical medicine, Viral diseases, MESH: Insect Vectors, Virus de la fièvre de la vallée du Rift, Sérologie, Bovines, medicine, Seroprevalence, Animals, MESH: Environment, Transmission des maladies, Biology and life sciences, Viral pathogens, Morbidité, biology.organism_classification, Rift Valley fever virus, MESH: Male, Microbial pathogens, Amniotes, People and Places, Earth Sciences, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract: Background Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector-borne disease affecting ruminants and humans. Madagascar was heavily affected by RVF in 2008–2009, with evidence of a large and heterogeneous spread of the disease. The identification of at-risk environments is essential to optimize the available resources by targeting RVF surveillance in Madagascar. Herein, the objectives of our study were: (i) to identify the environmental factors and areas favorable to RVF transmission to both cattle and human and (ii) to identify human behaviors favoring human infections in Malagasy contexts. Methodology/Principal Findings First, we characterized the environments of Malagasy communes using a Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA). Then, we analyzed cattle and human serological data collected at national level using Generalized Linear Mixed Models, with the individual serological status (cattle or human) as the response, and MFA factors, as well as other potential risk factors (cattle density, human behavior) as explanatory variables. Cattle and human seroprevalence rates were positively associated to humid environments (p, Author Summary Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a pathogen that causes a vector-borne tropical disease. The disease affects ruminants and humans and severely impacts the health and economy of affected countries. Madagascar was heavily affected by Rift Valley fever (RVF) in 2008–2009, with evidence of a large and heterogeneous spread of the disease. Our study aims at identifying environmental and human-related risk factors for RVFV transmission. First, we characterized Malagasy environments according to their putative influence on RVFV mosquito density and population dynamics. Then we statistically analyzed cattle and human serological data collected at a national level with the individual serological status as response, and Malagasy environments previously characterized by climatic and landscape variables as well as other potential risk factors as explanatory variables. Our results identified humid environments of the western, north-western and eastern parts of the island as risky areas. The identification of at-risk environments is essential to focus veterinary surveillance and control of RVFV.
Published: 2016

22. The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis: global perspectives on invasion history and ecology

Author: Alexandra Magro, Artur Gil, A.J.M. Loomans, Cang Hui, Katie M. Murray, Sandra Viglášová, Paul S. van Wielink, Axel Vandereycken, Arnaud Estoup, Susana Clusella-Trullas, Benoit Facon, Annette Herz, May-Guri Saethre, Zdenka Martinkova, Richard Comont, Isabel Borges, Dirk Maes, Sergey K. Ryndevich, Thomas Guillemaud, Helen E. Roy, António O. Soares, Marina J. Orlova-Bienkowskaja, Mary M. Gardiner, Alexander Ok Lukashuk, Tim Adriaens, William D. Hutchison, Ingrid A. Minnaar, Patrick De Clercq, John J. Sloggett, Peter M. J. Brown, Alois Honek, Marc Kenis, Audrey A. Grez, Hans Peter Ravn, Tania Zaviezo, Nick Berkvens, Wolfgang Rabitsch, Danny Haelewaters, Riaan Stals, Zihua Zhao, Ján Kulfan, John E. Losey, Peter Zach, Andy G. Howe, Eric Lombaert, I. A. Zakharov, Lori Lawson Handley, Oldrich Nedved, Robert L. Koch, Steph L. Rorke, Matthew C. Tinsley, Gabriele Rondoni, René Eschen, Naoya Osawa, Edward W. Evans, Gilles San Martin, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Wallingford] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Research Institute for Agricultural, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), University of the Azores, Centre for Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Changes (cE3c) / Azorean Biodiversity Group and Universidade dos Açores, Departamento de Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente, Açores, Stellenbosch University, Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Botany and Zoology, Bumblebee Conservation Trust, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Department of Crop Protection, Centre for Agricultural and Biosciences International Europe - Switzerland (CABI Europe - Switzerland), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Utah State University (USU), Ohio State University [Columbus] (OSU), Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Universidad de Chile = University of Chile [Santiago] (UCHILE), Institut Sophia Agrobiotech (ISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology [Cambridge] (OEB), Harvard University [Cambridge], Julius Kühn-Institut - Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants (JKI), Crop Res Inst, Div Crop Genet & Breeding, Prague, Czech Republic, Partenaires INRAE, Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management [Copenhagen] (IGN), Faculty of Science [Copenhagen], University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU)-University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), Centre for Invasion Biology, Department of Mathematical Sciences, Stellenbosch University, University of Minnesota System, Institute of Forest Ecology - SAS, University of Hull [United Kingdom], National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO), Cornell University [New York], Berezinskiy Biosphere Reserve, Belarus, Evolution et Diversité Biologique (EDB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Stirling, Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Stirling, Walloon Agricultural Research Centre, Department of Botany and Zoology, Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology, University of South Bohemia, Institute of Entomology [České Budějovice] (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS), Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS)-Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Kyoto University [Kyoto], Laboratory of Insect Ecology, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Environment Agency Austria, Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia (DSA3), Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), The paper had its origin at a workshop on 'Drivers, impacts, mechanisms and adaptation in insect invasions' hosted by the DST-NRF Centre of Excellence for Invasion Biology in Stellenbosch, South Africa, in November 2014. Additional financial support was provided by HortGro, the National Research Foundation of South Africa, Stellenbosch University, and SubTrop. We thank all our collaborators, and particularly the volunteer community, who have contributed to research around the world on H. axyridis. The number of references included reflects the range of inspiring studies on H. axyridis from so many people-we look forward to new and continued collaborations in the future. We are grateful to the editors of this special issue for inviting this review and providing an opportunity to explore ideas through the 'Invasive Insects Workshop funding (NRF South Africa, CIB)'. We also thank the anonymous reviewers for all their useful comments and reflections. The UK Ladybird Survey and associated coauthors are supported by the Biological Records Centre (part of the Centre for Ecology & Hydrology), which receives support from both the Natural Environment Research Council and the Joint Nature Conservation Committee. The IOBC WPRS and Global Working Groups 'Benefits and Risks of Exotic Biological Control Agents' and the COST Action TD1209 'Alien Challenge' have facilitated discussions and collaborations on H. axyridis. This study was supported by the French Agropolis Fondation (Labex Agro-Montpellier, BIOFIS Project Number 1001-001) and by a grant from the ERA-Net BiodivERsA, with the national funders ANR (France), DFG (Germany) and BELSPO (Belgium), as part of the 2012-2013 BiodivERsA call for research proposals. Support has been also received from FONDECYT 1140662 (Chile). The study of M.J. Orlova-Bienkowskaja and I. A. Zakharov was supported by Russian Science Foundation, Project No. 16-16-00079. Gabriele Rondoni acknowledges financial support from Fondazione Cassa di Risparmio di Perugia. Riaan Stals acknowledges funding from the Department of Science and Technology, South Africa. The research of Peter Zach and colleagues was funded by the project VEGA 2/0035/13 and VEGA 2/0052/15. A. Honek and Z. Martinkova were supported by grants GACR 14-26561S and COST CZ LD14084. Research in Switzerland is funded by the Swiss Federal Office for the Environment. Hans Peter Ravn was supported by the Villum Foundation. Danny Haelewaters acknowledges funding from the David Rockefeller Center for Latin American Studies at Harvard University and from the Mycological Society of America., Sobell Department of Motor Neuroscience and Movement Disorders, Institute of Neurology, Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Institut Sophia Agrobiotech [Sophia Antipolis] (ISA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Julius Kühn Institute (JKI), CABI Europe Switzerland, Universität der Bundeswehr München [Neubiberg], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grad Sch Agr, Lab Forest Ecol, Department of Biodiversity and Nature Conservation, NEMOD Biotherapeutics GmbH & Co. KG, Facultad de Agronomía e Ingeniería Forestal, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile (UC), RS: FSE MSP, and Maastricht Science Programme
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Range (biology), Ecology (disciplines), ADALIA-BIPUNCTATA, Population, Biodiversity, INTRAGUILD PREDATION, Generalist and specialist species, NATURAL ENEMIES, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Ecology and Environment, 1ST RECORD, Competitive interactions, MYZUS-PERSICAE HOMOPTERA, education, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Apex predator, education.field_of_study, APHIS-GLYCINES, Ecology, biology, PALLAS COLEOPTERA-COCCINELLIDAE, Biocontrol, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Harmonia axyridis, 010602 entomology, MULTICOLORED ASIAN LADYBIRD, Coccinellidae, Invasion history, Species traits, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, BEETLE COLEOPTERA, BIOLOGICAL-CONTROL, Intraguild predation
Abstract: International audience; The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis (Pallas) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), is native to Asia but has been intentionally introduced to many countries as a biological control agent of pest insects. In numerous countries, however, it has been introduced unintentionally. The dramatic spread of H. axyridis within many countries has been met with considerable trepidation. It is a generalist top predator, able to thrive in many habitats and across wide climatic conditions. It poses a threat to biodiversity, particularly aphidophagous insects, through competition and predation, and in many countries adverse effects have been reported on other species, particularly coccinellids. However, the patterns are not consistent around the world and seem to be affected by many factors including landscape and climate. Research on H. axyridis has provided detailed insights into invasion biology from broad patterns and processes to approaches in surveillance and monitoring. An impressive number of studies on this alien species have provided mechanistic evidence alongside models explaining large-scale patterns and processes. The involvement of citizens in monitoring this species in a number of countries around the world is inspiring and has provided data on scales that would be otherwise unachievable. Harmonia axyridis has successfully been used as a model invasive alien species and has been the inspiration for global collaborations at various scales. There is considerable scope to expand the research and associated collaborations, particularly to increase the breadth of parallel studies conducted in the native and invaded regions. Indeed a qualitative comparison of biological traits across the native and invaded range suggests that there are differences which ultimately could influence the population dynamics of this invader. Here we provide an overview of the invasion history and ecology of H. axyridis globally with consideration of future research perspectives. We reflect broadly on the contributions of such research to our understanding of invasion biology while also informing policy and people.
Published: 2016

23. SSR-based analysis of clonality, spatial genetic structure and introgression from the Lombardy poplar into a natural population of Populus nigra L. along the Loire River

Author: Marc Villar, Catherine Bastien, Romain Valade, Sophie Arnaud-Haond, José-Luis Almeida, Nicolas Chenault, Arnaud Dowkiw, Mary Juteau, Unité de recherche Amélioration, Génétique et Physiologie Forestières (AGPF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Génétique et Biomasse Forestières Orléans (GBFOR), The authors thank Catherine Pasquier from INRA Orleans, UR 0272 USS, for crucial field and laboratory assistance with the geographic information systems, Vanina Guerin and Veronique Jorge from INRA Orleans, UR 0588 UAGPF, for their help and advice on SSR genotyping, Patrick Poursat and the INRA Orleans UE 0995 GBFOR for assistance with fieldwork, and special thanks to Frederic Millier for the increment core sample collection and preparation, Francoise Laurans and Alain Moreau from INRA Orleans, UR 0588 UAGPF, for their meticulous help with the core analysis, Jean Dufour from INRA Orleans, UR 0588 UAGPF, and Michel Chantereau, Administrator of the Saint-Mesmin French Natural Reserve, for floristic inventories, and and two anonymous reviewers who made very useful comments about this work and the resulting paper. Nicolas Chenault was supported by a PhD grant co-financed by INRA and Conseil Regional de la Region Centre, France. This study was carried out with financial support from INRA (programme ECOGER, projet INTERPOPGER).
Subjects: genetics and heredity, 0106 biological sciences, Introgression, Vegetative reproduction, clonality, Spatial genetic structure, Horticulture, Biology, Spatial distribution, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, 03 medical and health sciences, Clonal growth form, Botany, Genetics, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Molecular Biology, 030304 developmental biology, Hybrid, Lombardy poplar, 0303 health sciences, Forestry, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Natural population growth, Seedling, Genetic structure, Species richness, Populus nigra, Clonality
Abstract: International audience; A scarcity of favourable habitats and introgression from exotic cultivars are two major threats to black poplars (Populus nigra L.) in Europe. Natural vegetative propagation contributes to maintenance of the species in areas where seedling recruitment is limited. Exhaustive sampling of all mature trees in a natural P. nigra stand (413 individuals at recorded positions), genotyping at 11 SSR loci, and a standardized analysis framework resulted in a precise description of clonality in terms of (a) frequency, (b) spatial growth form, and (c) impacts on the overall spatial genetic structure (SGS). The high proportion of replicated genotypes detected resulted in a genotypic richness (R) of 0.47. Up to 18 ramets were found per multilocus lineage (MLL), but 95% of MLLs contained fewer than five ramets (Pareto index β = 1.07). No significant difference in vegetative propagation potential was found between genders. Uneven spatial distribution of ramets, with clustering of clonal ramets (aggregation index A c = 0.62) and near-zero intermingling between MLLs (clonal dominance index D c = 0.99), resulted in a ‘phalanx’ clonal growth form, explaining most of the SGS observed over short distances (0–20 m, Sp = 0.0324). Although they did not exhibit the typical columnar shape of the Lombardy poplar (P. nigra var. italica), five trees were found to be probable F1 hybrids of this old and widely distributed cultivar.
Published: 2011

24. Deciphering Corporate Governance and Environmental Commitments among Southeast Asian Transnationals: Uptake of Sustainability Certification

Author: Norfaryanti Kamaruddin, Jean-Marc Roda, Rafael Palhiarim Tobias, Centre d'Etudes en Sciences Sociales sur les Mondes Africains, Américains et Asiatiques (CESSMA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Institute of Tropical Forestry & Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Forest Research Institute of Malaysia (FRIM), FRIM, BioWooEB (UPR BioWooEB), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), CIFOR, member of the CGIAR 'Research Programme 6 Forests, Trees and Agroforestry', as well as CIRAD, Universiti Putra Malaysia (INTROP), and the ANR SPOP project co-funded the study, which leads to this paper., and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)
Subjects: jel:D85, certification des forêts, forêt tropicale, Économie forestière, Développement agricole, jel:F02, oil palm, forest, E14 - Économie et politique du développement, investment strategy, Sustainability organizations, Elaeis guineensis, jel:Q23, network analysis, 2. Zero hunger, Transaction cost, Utilisation des terres, competitiveness, Corporate governance, Environmental resource management, Marché, Forestry, E71 - Commerce international, jel:L73, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Southeast Asia,oil palm,forest,transnationals,investment strategy,emerging markets,competitiveness,network analysis,network metrics,ethnic business,ownership structure, Southeast Asia, protection de la forêt, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, jel:Q13, ethnic business, Mondialisation, Exploitation agricole familiale, Southeast asian, Petite exploitation agricole, jel:F23, Bois, Globalization, jel:Q01, Emerging markets, Durabilité, Agribusiness, emerging markets, business.industry, Southeast Asia, oil palm, forest, transnationals, investment strategy, emerging markets, competitiveness, network analysis, network metrics, ethnic business, ownership structure, family business. agribusiness, transnationals, Corporation transnationale, network metrics, Analyse économique, lcsh:QK900-989, 15. Life on land, jel:G32, K10 - Production forestière, Protection de l'environnement, Sustainability, lcsh:Plant ecology, jel:L14, Economic system, ownership structure, business
Abstract: International audience; Promoting tropical forest sustainability among corporate players is a major challenge. Many tools have been developed, but without much success. Southeast Asia has become a laboratory of globalization processes, where the development and success of agribusiness transnationals raises questions about their commitment to environmental concerns. An abundance of literature discusses what determines the behavior of Asian corporations, with a particular emphasis on cultural factors. Our hypothesis is that financial factors, such as ownership structure, may also have a fundamental role. We analyzed the audited accounts of four major Asian agribusiness transnationals. Using network analysis, we deciphered how the 931 companies relate to each other and determine the behavior of the transnationals to which they belong. We compared various metrics with the environmental commitment of these transnationals. We found that ownership structures reflect differences in flexibility, control and transaction costs, but not in ethnicities. Capital and its control, ownership structure, and flexibility explain 97% of the environmental behavior. It means that existing market-based tools to promote environmental sustainability do not engage transnationals at the scale where most of their behavior is determined. For OPEN ACCESS Forests 2015, 6 1455 the first time, the inner mechanisms of corporate governance are unraveled in agricultural and forest sustainability. New implications such as the convergence of environmental sustainability with family business sustainability emerged.
Published: 2015

25. Influence of past and future climate changes on the distribution of three Southeast Asian murine rodents

Author: Serge Morand, Christine N. Meynard, Johan Michaux, Vincent Herbreteau, Alice Latinne, Surachit Waengsothorn, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Botanique, Université de Liège, Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), UMR 228 Espace-Dev, Espace pour le développement, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research (TISTR), Thailand Institute of Scientific and Technological Research, Animal et gestion intégrée des risques (UPR AGIRs), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), This work was supported by a Belgian FRS-FNRS fellowship to A.L. (mandat ‘aspirant’) and to J.R.M. (mandat ‘Ma^ıtre de recherches’) and financial grants from the Belgian FRS-FNRS [‘credits pour brefs sejours a l’etranger’ to A.L. and J.R.M. and credits from the ‘Fonds de la Recherche Fondamentale Collective (FRFC)’ to J.R.M.], the University of Li ege and the Communaute franc aise de Belgique. A.L. was funded by a Marie Curie COFUND postdoctoral fellowship when writing this paper. This study is part of the ‘CERoPath project’, ANR Biodiversity ANR07 BDIV012, and the ‘BiodivHealthSEA project’, ANR CP&ES11 CPEL002, funded by the French National Agency for Research. Th, ANR-07-BDIV-0012,CEROPATH,Ecologie des communautés rongeurs - pathogènes en Asie du Sud-Est : effets des changements de biodiversité et implications pour l'écologie de la santé(2007), ANR-11-CEPL-0002,BiodivHealthSEA,Impacts et perceptions locales des changements globaux : santé, biodiversité et zoonoses en Asie du Sud-Est(2011), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université de Guyane (UG)-Université des Antilles (UA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des Antilles (UA)-Université de Guyane (UG)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Avignon Université (AU)-Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Animal et gestion intégrée des risques (Cirad-Bios-UPR 22 AGIRs), Département Systèmes Biologiques (Cirad-BIOS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), ANR-07-BDIV-0012,BDIV,Ecologie des communautés rongeurs - pathogènes en Asie du Sud-Est : effets des changements de biodiversité et implications pour l'écologie de la santé(2007), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 01 natural sciences, Species distribution modelling, Dynamique des populations, Climate change, Leopoldamys sabanus, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, 0303 health sciences, Ecology, biology, Last Glacial Maximum, [SHS.GEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Geography, Southeast Asia, Pleistocene, Geography, rodents, Interglacial, L20 - Écologie animale, Leopoldamys neilli, P40 - Météorologie et climatologie, Distribution géographique, Évaluation du risque, Froid, Southeast asian, 010603 evolutionary biology, Last Interglacial, Rodents, modelling, 03 medical and health sciences, Leopoldamys, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, 030304 developmental biology, Changement climatique, L60 - Taxonomie et géographie animales, Modèle de simulation, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Environmental niche modelling, 13. Climate action, Écologie animale, species distribution, Rongeur, Murinae, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: International audience; Aim We tested the influence of Pleistocene climatic fluctuations and the potential effect of future climate change on Southeast Asian small mammal dis- tributions using two forest-dwelling (Leopoldamys herberti and Leopoldamys sabanus) and one karst (Leopoldamys neilli) endemic rodent species as models.Location Southeast Asia.Methods We used presence–absence data of genetically identified individuals, bioclimatic variables and species distribution modelling techniques to predict potential distributions of the three studied species under current, past [Last Interglacial (LIG) and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM)] and future conditions. We applied a variety of modelling techniques and then used consensus tech- niques to draw up robust maps of potential distribution ranges at all stages.Results According to our models, these three Leopoldamys species did not experience significant range contraction during the LGM. Our models revealed substantial range contraction during the LIG for L. herberti in northern Indo- china, while its distribution expanded in southern Indochina. Evidence of a southward range expansion during that period was also obtained for L. neilli, whereas L. sabanus remained widely distributed in insular Southeast Asia but experienced a range contraction on the Thai-Malay Peninsula. The two future climate change scenarios used predicted that large climatically suitable areas would still be available in the future for the three species.Main conclusions Our model predictions contradict the well-established hypothesis that Southeast Asian forest-dwelling species were confined to small refugia during the LGM. Moreover, our results suggest that some Southeast Asian taxa may have been distributed in their refugial state during the LIG rather than the LGM. This could be because of vegetation changes that may have occurred at that time as a result of the increased seasonality observed dur- ing the LIG. These Pleistocene refugia may have been localized in northern Indochina but our study also revealed that southern Indochina could provide major potential refugia.
Published: 2015

26. Evaluation of ALOS/PALSAR L-Band data for the estimation of Eucalyptus plantations aboveground biomass in Brazil

Author: Yann Nouvellon, Cristiane Lemos, Rodrigo Hakamada, Kenji Ose, Jean-Stéphane Bailly, Guerric Le Maire, Mehrez Zribi, Nicolas Baghdadi, Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Departamento de Ciências Florestais, University of São Paulo (USP), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), International Paper do Brasil, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, Biomass, SILVICULTURA, law.invention, Âge, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, law, K01 - Foresterie - Considérations générales, Biomasse, Radar, Eucalyptus, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, U10 - Informatique, mathématiques et statistiques, Aboveground biomass, Vegetation, fast-growing plantations, Plantation forestière, Imagerie, short-rotation plantations, Brazil, Synthetic aperture radar, Eucalyptus grandis, L band, Télédétection, Production forestière, Radar imaging, Computers in Earth Sciences, Croissance, Hydrology, Méthode statistique, Rotation de coupe, L-band ALOS/PALSAR, Sowing, Forestry, 15. Life on land, Eucalyptus urophylla, K10 - Production forestière, Environmental science, Dendrométrie, U30 - Méthodes de recherche
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SYNERGIE [Axe_IRSTEA]TETIS-ATTOS; International audience; The Phased Array L-band Synthetic Aperture Radar (PALSAR-1) has provided very useful images dataset for several applications such as forestry. L-band radar measurements have been widely used but with somewhat contradictory conclusions on the potential of this radar wavelength to estimate the aboveground biomass. The first objective of this study was to analyze the L-band SAR backscatter sensitivity to forest biomass for Eucalyptus plantations. The results showed that the radar signal is highly dependent on biomass only for values lower than 50 t/ha, which corresponds to plantations of approximately three years of age. Next, Random Forest regressions were performed to evaluate the potential of PALSAR data to predict the Eucalyptus biomass. Regressions were constructed to link the biomass to both radar signal and age of plantations. Results showed that the age was the variable that best explained the biomass followed by the PALSAR HV polarized signal. For biomasses lower than 50 t/ha, HV signal and plantation age were found to have the same level of importance in predicting biomass. For biomasses higher than 50 t/ha, plantation age was the main variable in the random forest models. The use of PALSAR signal alone did not correctly predict the biomass of Eucalyptus plantations (R² lower than 0.5 and RMSE higher than 46.7 t/ha). The use of plantation age in addition to the PALSAR signal improved slightly the prediction results (R² increased from 0.88 to 0.92 and RMSE decreased from 22.7 to 18.9 t/ha). PALSAR imagery does not allow a direct estimation of the planting date of Eucalyptus stands but can follow efficiently the occurrence of clear-cuts if images are acquired sequentially, therefore allowing a rough estimate of the following plantation date because a stand of Eucalyptus is generally re-planted 2 to 4 months after cutting. With a time series of radar images, it could be therefore possible to estimate the plantation age, and therefore improving the estimates of plantation biomass.
Published: 2015

27. Estimation of forest height and above ground biomass from ICESat/GLAS data in Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil

Author: Rodrigo Hakamada, Jean-Stéphane Bailly, Cristiane Lemos, Ibrahim Fayad, Guerric Le Maire, Nicolas Baghdadi, Yann Nouvellon, Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), International Paper do Brasil, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)
Subjects: Estimation, Canopy, Biomass (ecology), Measurement, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Lasers, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Biological system modeling, Data models, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Terrain, 02 engineering and technology, 15. Life on land, 01 natural sciences, Eucalyptus, Laser radar, Lidar, Environmental science, Altimeter, Biomass, Digital elevation model, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing
Abstract: International audience; The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) has provided a useful dataset for estimating forest height in many areas of the globe. Most of the studies on GLAS waveforms have focused on natural forests and only a few were conducted over forest plantations. The objective of this study was to test the best known models used for estimating canopy height and above ground biomass of intensively managed Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil using full waveform LiDAR data. Studies to estimate forest heights from LiDAR data have highlighted that the fitting coefficients of developed models are strongly dependent on environmental factors such as the region of the study site, terrain topography, and forest type. In this study, we evaluated the main models developed to predict canopy height using a combination of parameters extracted from GLAS waveforms and a digital elevation model, in order to explore which combination of parameters yields the best forest height estimates. In addition, a model to estimate above ground biomass from dominant height was calibrated.
Published: 2014

28. The genome of Eucalyptus grandis

Author: Anand Raj Kumar Kullan, Erich Bornberg-Bauer, Christopher M. Sullivan, Florent Murat, Elisson Romanel, Yves Van de Peer, Aaron Liston, Priya Ranjan, Dorothy A. Steane, Justin Elser, Pooja Singh, Victor Carocha, Orzenil B. Silva-Junior, Marçal Soler, Cesar Petroli, Inna Dubchak, Jane Grimwood, Carsten Külheim, Danielle A. Faria, Ida Van Jaarsveld, Chu-Yu Ye, Giancarlo Pasquali, Charles A. Hefer, Desre Pinard, Roberto C. Togawa, Richard D. Hayes, Eshchar Mizrachi, Fourie Joubert, Erika Lindquist, Kevin Vanneste, Philippe Rigault, Jérôme Salse, Karen Van der Merwe, David Kudrna, Palitha Dharmwardhana, Gerald A. Tuskan, Diane Bauer, Alexandre Poliakov, Marcio Alves-Ferreira, Kerrie Barry, Vindhya Amarasinghe, Ting Li, William J. Foley, Georgios J. Pappas, Carolina Sansaloni, René E. Vaillancourt, Marília de Castro Rodrigues Pappas, Uffe Hellsten, Daniel S. Rokhsar, Martin Ranik, Anna R. Kersting, Alexander Andrew Myburg, Hua Cassan-Wang, David Goodstein, Christophe Dunand, Naijib Saidi, Timothy J. Tschaplinski, Sushma Naithani, Dario Grattapaglia, Pankaj Jaiswal, Steven G. Hussey, Jeremy Schmutz, Rajani Raja, Brad M. Potts, Margaret Byrne, Antanas V. Spokevicius, Jorge A. P. Paiva, Jacqueline Grima-Pettenati, Xiaohan Yang, Alexander Boyd, Hope Tice, Joseph W. Spatafora, Lieven Sterck, Jerry Jenkins, Steven H. Strauss, Sérgio Hermínio Brommonschenkel, Josquin Tibbits, Rebecca C. Jones, Kelly J. Vining, Hélène San Clemente, BioSciences Division [Oak Ridge], Oak Ridge National Laboratory [Oak Ridge] (ORNL), UT-Battelle, LLC-UT-Battelle, LLC, DOE Joint Genome Institute [Walnut Creek], Department of Epidemiology & Population Health, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine (LSHTM), Department of Energy / Joint Genome Institute (DOE), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), United States Department of Energy, US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute, University of California, Embrapa Uva e Vinho (BRAZIL), Technicolor R & I [Cesson Sévigné], Technicolor, Department of Plant Systems Biology, State University of Ghent, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institute for Evolution and Biodiversity (IEB), Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster (WWU), Department of Botany and Plant Pathology, Oregon State University (OSU), RAIZ – Forestry & Paper Research Institut, Laboratory of Plant Cell Biotechnology, ITQB/IBET, Ecology and Evolutionary Biology [Tucson] (EEB), University of Arizona, GYDLE, Agriculture Victoria Research, Department of Economic Development, Jobs, Transport and Resources, AgriBio, Bioinformatics and Computational Biology Unit, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences-University of Pretoria [South Africa], Institute of Continuing Medical Education of Ioannina, Plastes et différenciation cellulaire (PDC), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales - Clermont Auvergne (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Clermont Auvergne (UCA), Center for Plant Systems Biology (PSB Center), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie [Ghent, Belgique] (VIB), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Régulation et Dynamique de la Formation du Bois, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Dynamique et Evolution des Parois cellulaires végétales, Office of Science of the US Department of Energy [DE-AC02-05CH11231], Office of Biological and Environmental Research in the US Department of Energy Office of Science, US DOE Bioenergy Center [DE-AC05-00OR22725], Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI) through (CNPq), Brazilian Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation (MCTI) through (FINEP), Brazilian Federal District Research Foundation (FAP-DF), Technology and Human Resources for Industry Programme (THRIP) [UID 80118], South African Department of Science and Technology (DST), National Research Foundation (NRF) [UID 18312, 86936], Laboratoire d'Excellence [LABEX TULIP ANR-10-LABX-41], Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (Project Tree For Joules) [ANR-2010-KBBE-007-01], Fundacao para a Ciencia e Tecnologia (FCT) [P-KBBE/AGR_GPL/0001/2010], Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University Paul Sabatier Toulouse III (UPS), Ghent University, Hercules Foundation, Flemish Government-department EWI, Myburg, Alexander A., University of California (UC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster = University of Münster (WWU)
Subjects: Genome evolution, DATABASE, phylogénomique, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Biology, Genome, DNA sequencing, Evolution, Molecular, Phylogenomics, Myrtales, Botany, Inbreeding depression, TOOL, Inbreeding, RNA-SEQ, PLANT, NUCLEAR-DNA, Phylogeny, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Eucalyptus, Multidisciplinary, FOREST TREES, Biology and Life Sciences, Genetic Variation, métabolisme secondaire, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, GENE, EVOLUTION, ALIGNMENT, biocarburant, Biofuels, Eucalyptus globulus, évolution du génome, WHOLE-GENOME, Secondary metabolism, Genome, Plant
Abstract: International audience; Eucalypts are the world's most widely planted hardwood trees. Their outstanding diversity, adaptability and growth have made them a global renewable resource of fibre and energy. We sequenced and assembled >94% of the 640-megabase genome of Eucalyptus grandis. Of 36,376 predicted protein-coding genes, 34% occur in tandem duplications, the largest proportion thus far in plant genomes. Eucalyptus also shows the highest diversity of genes for specialized metabolites such as terpenes that act as chemical defence and provide unique pharmaceutical oils. Genome sequencing of the E. grandis sister species E. globulus and a set of inbred E. grandis tree genomes reveals dynamic genome evolution and hotspots of inbreeding depression. The E. grandis genome is the first reference for the eudicot order Myrtales and is placed here sister to the eurosids. This resource expands our understanding of the unique biology of large woody perennials and provides a powerful tool to accelerate comparative biology, breeding and biotechnology.
Published: 2014

29. Testing Different Methods of Forest Height and Aboveground Biomass Estimations From ICESat/GLAS Data in Eucalyptus Plantations in Brazil

Author: Ibrahim Fayad, Guerric Le Maire, Yann Nouvellon, Nicolas Baghdadi, Cristiane Lemos, Jean-Stéphane Bailly, Rodrigo Hakamada, Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), AgroParisTech, International Paper do Brasil, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [ Madagascar])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)
Subjects: Eucalyptus grandis, Atmospheric Science, Télédétection, Natural forest, Laser, EUCALIPTO, Biomasse, Altimeter, Computers in Earth Sciences, Croissance, Digital elevation model, Hauteur, Remote sensing, Biomass (ecology), ICESat/ GLAS, Méthode statistique, [SDE.IE]Environmental Sciences/Environmental Engineering, Inventaire forestier, Aboveground biomass, Forestry, Vegetation, 15. Life on land, Plantation forestière, Eucalyptus, K10 - Production forestière, forest height, Environmental science, U30 - Méthodes de recherche, Modèle mathématique, planted Eucalyptus forest
Abstract: [Departement_IRSTEA]Territoires [TR1_IRSTEA]SYNERGIE [Axe_IRSTEA]TETIS-ATTOS; International audience; The Geoscience Laser Altimeter System (GLAS) has provided a useful dataset for estimating forest heights in many areas of the globe. Most of the studies on GLAS waveforms have fo- cused on natural forests and only a few were conducted over forest plantations. This work set out to estimate the stand-scale dominant height and aboveground biomass of intensively managed Euca- lyptus plantations in Brazil using the most commonly used models developed for natural forests. These forest plantations are valuable case studies, with large and numerous stands that are very uni- form, in which field measurements are precise compared to nat- ural forests. The height of planted Eucalyptus forest stands esti- mated from waveforms acquired by GLAS were compared with in situ measurements in order to determine the model that produced the best forest height estimates. For our slightly sloping study site (slope < 7°), the direct method defined as the difference between the signal begin and the ground peak provided forest height es- timates with an accuracy of 2.2 m. The use of statistical models based on waveform metrics and digital elevation models provided slightly better results (1.89 m accuracy) in comparison with the di- rect method and the most relevant metrics proved to be the trailing edge extent and the waveform extent. Moreover, a power law model was used to fit in situ aboveground biomass to in situ forest height. The results using this model with GLAS-derived heights showed an accuracy for biomass of 16.1 Mg/ha.
Published: 2014

30. Eucalyptus and Acacia tree growth over entire rotation in single- and mixed-species plantations across five sites in Brazil and Congo

Author: Maureen Voigtlaender, Florence Tardy, Louis Mareschal, Philippe Deleporte, Daniel Epron, Joseph Levillain, Jean-Paul Laclau, José Leonardo de Moraes Gonçalves, Yann Nouvellon, André Mabiala, José Luis Gava, Jean-Pierre Bouillet, Fernando Palha Leite, Rodrigo Hakamada, Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Dept Ciencias Florestais, University of São Paulo (USP), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP), Escola Superior de Agricultura 'Luiz de Queiroz' (ESALQ), Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Dept Forest Sci, ESALQ USP, International Paper do Brasil, Centre de Recherche sur la Durabilité et la Productivité des Plantations Industrielles (CRDPI), Laboratoire de Lyon [ANSES], Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Systèmes de Cultures Bananes, Ananas, et Plantains (Cirad-FLHOR-UPR 26 Systèmes bananes et ananas), Département Productions fruitières et horticoles (FLHOR), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho [São José do Rio Preto] (UNESP), and Laboratoire de Lyon
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, F08 - Systèmes et modes de culture, Humid subtropical climate, F62 - Physiologie végétale - Croissance et développement, Complementarity, Facteur climatique, 01 natural sciences, Nutrient, Acacia mangium, media_common, Biomass (ecology), Eucalyptus, biology, Wood production, Forestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Plantation forestière, Facteur édaphique, Rendement des cultures, Facilitation, F40 - Écologie végétale, Interaction, media_common.quotation_subject, Acacia, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Competition (biology), Culture en mélange, Botany, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, Croissance, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Competition, Mixed-species plantations, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, K10 - Production forestière, Agronomy, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Système de culture, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; The association of N-2-fixing species (NFS) could be an attractive option for achieving a sustainable increase of Eucalyptus plantations (EP) productivity through a positive balance between facilitative effects and competition between species. A randomised block design was replicated at four sites (Cenibra, USP, Suzano and IP) in Southern Brazil and at one site in Congo. The development of mono-specific stands of Acacia mangium (100A) and Eucalyptus grandis or urophylla x grandis (100E), was compared with N fertilisation treatment (100E + N) and with mixed-species plantations in a 1:1 ratio (50A:50E), and in an additive series with varying densities of acacia for the same density of eucalypt (25A:100E, 50A:100E, 100A:100E). The objectives were to assess the effect of mixtures on tree growth and stand production, and the behaviour of the two species in contrasting soil and climatic conditions. Tree growth was monitored over stand rotation and the biomass of aboveground tree components estimated at mid-rotation and at harvesting age. Eucalyptus height was 13% higher in Brazil than in Congo. Favourable ecological conditions in Congo and Cenibra led to 50% higher Acacia tree height than at the other sites. A depressive effect of Eucalyptus neighbour trees on Acacia height and circumference growth, lower in Congo than in Brazil, was observed in the mixtures from age 1-2 years onwards. Depressive effects of acacia on eucalypt height and circumference growth were low in USP, Suzano and IP, high in Cenibra, and not observed in Congo, in 50A:50E and 25A:100E. A positive though insignificant response to N fertilisation was only found in USP and Congo. Complementarity for light and soil resource capture between Eucalyptus and Acacia trees resulted in mean annual increments in total stand stemwood biomass (MAI) that were 7-15%, 6-12%, and 40% higher in the additive series than for 100E in Cenibra, LISP and Congo, respectively at mid-rotation. Whilst lasting complementarity and facilitation in Congo led to 17-34% higher MAI in mixtures than for 100E at harvesting age, MAIs were not significantly higher in mixtures than for 100E in Brazil. Mixed-species plantations of Eucalyptus and A. mangium might enhance aboveground stand production on poor nutrient soils in warm and humid tropical climates with low water limitations
Published: 2013

31. Diversity of leaf unfolding dynamics among tree species: New insights from a study along an altitudinal gradient

Author: Hendrik Davi, M. Gillmann, Aurore Bontemps, François Lefèvre, Thomas Ibanez, Maxime Cailleret, Bruno Fady, Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and We thank the INRA Experimental Unit UEFM (UE348) for the field work, in particular: Frederic Jean, Norbert Turion, Olivier Gilg and Franck Rei. We also thank Julia Fady, our American proof-reader and the two anonymous reviewers that have helped us to clarify the paper. We also thank the editor and ECOGER fundings and the Isabelle Chuine who drives the GDR SIP-GECC.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, budburst, Quercus pubescens, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, phenology, leaf unfolding, Fagus sylvatica, meteorology and atmospheric sciences, [SDV.SA.SF]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Silviculture, forestry, Botany, Sorbus aria, Shade tolerance, climate, Global and Planetary Change, biology, Phenology, Ecology, agronomy, forestry, temperature, 15. Life on land, Evergreen, biology.organism_classification, Abies alba, tree, Deciduous, altitudinal gradient, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Leaf unfolding is a key ecosystem parameter controlling carbon and water fluxes and affecting forest dynamics. This parameter is highly sensitive to temperature and, consequently, often used as an indicator of global change. In this paper, we analyzed weekly leaf unfolding dynamics for seven temperate species ( Fagus sylvatica L., Acer opalus Mill., Sorbus aria L., Quercus pubescens Willd. Abies alba Mill., Pinus sylvestris L., Pinus nigra Arnold). The effects of temperature on leaf unfolding were studied in situ using several methods and proxies. First, in a spatial approach, leaf unfolding dates were measured along two altitudinal gradients situated on the north and south face of the Mont Ventoux to test altitudinal and slope effects. Second, in a temporal approach, the year effect was analyzed on the north face by comparing two contrasted years (2006 and 2007). Finally, the role of temperature was investigated directly by linking leaf unfolding patterns and temperatures recorded during the leaf unfolding process itself. Two major conclusions were obtained. First, three distinct leaf unfolding patterns were revealed: a rapid sigmoid pattern for the deciduous species group, a slow kinetic pattern for the pines and an intermediate pattern for A. alba . Second, we found an unexpected pattern of variation in the response to spatial or temporal variation of temperature. The more sensitive a species was to temperature variations between years, the less sensitive it was to temperature variations due to altitude. Finally, we discuss that these results can be correlated to two major life history traits: evergreen vs. deciduous and shade tolerant vs. shade intolerant.
Published: 2011

32. Spatiotemporal dynamics of forage and water resources shape space use of West African savanna buffaloes

Author: Georges Janeau, Nicolas Morellet, Marie-Noël De Visscher, Simon Benhamou, Daniel Cornélis, Moumouni Ouedraogo, Animal et gestion intégrée des risques (UPR AGIRs), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Département Productions Forestières (D.P.F.), INERA-CNRST, This study was funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR Mobility program). Buffalo captures were carried out with the financial support of the European Union (ECOPAS Program) and the International Foundation for the Conservation of Wildlife (IGF-France). We sincerely thank the WRP board for allowing us to conduct this study within the park, veterinarians P. Chardonnet, L. Ouattara, and A. Caron, and J.-M. Angibault, C. Paolini, A. K. Samna, the WRP rangers, and the Niger and Burkina Faso Air Forces for their invaluable support during capture sessions. We also warmly thank G. Cumming, S. Chamaille, and H. Fritz, and associate editor D. Van Vuren and 2 anonymous referees, for their comments on a previous draft of this paper., Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de l'Environnement et Recherches Agricoles [Ouagadougou] (INERA), Centre national de la recherche scientifique et technologique [Ouagadougou] (CNRST)-Centre national de la recherche scientifique et technologique [Ouagadougou] (CNRST), and Cornelis, Daniel
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], habitat, habitat selection, 01 natural sciences, behavioral plasticity, Dry season, Dynamique des populations, foraging, home range, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), space use, Syncerus, caffer brachyceros, West African savanna buffalo, zoology, Savane, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, biology, Fourrage, savane africaine, Système de positionnement global, Variation saisonnière, Geography, Habitat, besoin en eau, L20 - Écologie animale, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Wet season, Buffle africain, Distribution géographique, Home range, Foraging, Context (language use), 010603 evolutionary biology, Conservation des ressources, eau, Genetics, Adaptation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Cape buffalo, Nature and Landscape Conservation, L02 - Alimentation animale, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Migration animale, L60 - Taxonomie et géographie animales, Distribution spatiale, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, masse corporelle, Animal Science and Zoology, Écologie animale, Comportement animal, Index de végétation
Abstract: International audience; We investigated space-use patterns of the West African savanna buffalo (Syncerus caffer brachyceros), a little-studied subspecies occurring at the northern limit of the African buffalo's geographical range. This buffalo generally ranges in small herds (about 45 individuals) and has a low body mass (approximately 400 kg) relative to the Cape buffalo (S. c. caffer). We monitored the movements of 7 breeding herds in W Regional Park (Burkina Faso, Benin, Niger) using global positioning system collars and activity data loggers. Habitat selection was analyzed at both large (interseasonal) and small (intraseasonal) scales in a context where resources are segregated spatially at some times of year. Both biotic (primary production and vegetation types) and abiotic (timing of rainfall and surface water) covariates, and the extent to which neighboring herds shared space, were considered. In the dry season buffalo herds ranged close (within 5.3 +/- 2.0 km, mean +/- SD) to segments of permanent rivers. At the onset of the monsoon all herds but 1 (which had year-round access to suitable resources) performed a large (35 +/- 10 km) directional movement in response to a large-scale gradient of primary production. Spatiotemporal dynamics of forage and water resources thus jointly stimulated interseasonal directional movements and shaped large (335 +/- 167 km(2)) annual home ranges. Furthermore, the establishment of home ranges in the wet season appears to be conditioned by a threshold (about 10%) in the availability of perennial grasses. Habitat-selection analysis at intraseasonal scale also underlines the key role played by perennial grasses for buffaloes. The spatial arrangements of home ranges of neighboring herds also suggest that interherd behavioral avoidance is a high-level constraint on foraging processes. The ability of the African buffalo to cope with contrasting environmental conditions throughout most sub-Saharan ecosystems highlights the high behavioral plasticity of this species.
Published: 2011

33. Classification and mapping of anthropogenic landforms on cultivated hillslopes using DEMs and soil thickness data - Example from the SW Parisian Basin, France

Author: Sébastien Salvador-Blanes, Florent Hinschberger, Jean-Jacques Macaire, Hocine Bourennane, Caroline Chartin, Transferts continentaux : forçages anthropiques, climatiques et géodynamiques, Institut des Sciences de la Terre d'Orléans (ISTO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Tours-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Science du Sol, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Université de Tours (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Tours (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Financial support provided by the ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche) VMCS project LANDSOIL is gratefully acknowledged. The authors would like to thank Jean-Paul Bakyono and Isabel Pene-Galland for data collection in the field. This paper was much improved thanks to the comments of Peter Houben and an anonymous referee and thanks to Lauren Valverde who revised my english style., and Chartin, Caroline
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Soil test, Morphometric attributes, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Digital Elevation Model, Structural basin, bassin parisien, Spatial distribution, 01 natural sciences, Field borders, Lynchet, Digital elevation model, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Geomorphology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Landform, anthropogenic landform, predictive modelling, parisian basin, modèle numérique de terrain, attribut morphométrique, épaisseur du sol, banquette, parcellaire, arbre de classification, digital elevation model, morphometric attribute, soil thickness, lynchet, field border, classification tree, relief anthropique, modélisation prédictive, physical, geosciences, multidisciplinary, geology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, 15. Life on land, Current (stream), 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Spatial variability, Classification Tree, Geology, Soil thickness
Abstract: International audience; This study focuses on linear anthropogenic landforms of decametric width on cultivated hillslopes and their relations to soil thickness variability. The 16 ha study area shows a rolling topography supported by Cretaceous chalk of the SW Parisian Basin, France. Two types of landforms were identified: lynchets, similar to those described as soil terraces occurring on downslope field parts in other contexts, and undulations, linear, convex landforms that cut across fields. Accurate DEM construction and a detailed soil thickness survey were performed all over the study area. Soil samples were classified considering their location on specific types of anthropogenic landforms. The classification tree (CT) method was applied to assess whether lynchets and undulations can be discriminated through morphometric attributes (slope, curvature, profile curvature and planform curvature) and soil thickness (CTsoil) or through morphometric attributes only (CTtopo). The CT application establishes predictive classification models to map the spatial distribution of lynchets and undulations over the whole study area. The validation results of the CTsoil and CTtopo applications show model efficiencies of 83% and 67%, respectively. Both models performed well for lynchets. Errors arise mainly from difficulties in unequivocally discriminating gently convex undulations and undifferentiated surfaces, especially when soil thickness is not accounted for. Mean values of soil thickness are 1.08, 0.62 and 0.45 m in lynchets, undulations and undifferentiated areas, respectively. The general shape of the thickened soil is characteristic to each type of anthropogenic landform. Multi-temporal mapping of field border networks shows that undulations are linked to borders that were removed during the latest land consolidation. Lynchets are associated with current field borders. Lynchets and undulations, which cover 39% of the study area, define topographic indicators of human-induced soil accumulations. The method involves perspectives for efficiently mapping and quantifying the anthropogenically modified spatial variability of soil thickness on agricultural hillsides.
Published: 2011

34. DNA barcoding in the rust genus Chrysomyxa and its implications for the phylogeny of the genus

Author: Wolfgang Maier, Mathieu Allaire, Richard C. Hamelin, Agathe Vialle, Nicolas Feau, Biodiversité, Gènes & Communautés (BioGeCo), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Natural Resources Canada (NRCan), Centre d’étude de la forêt, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Ruhr University Bochum (RUB), University of British Columbia (UBC), and This paper is dedicated to Patricia Crane, our colleague deceased in 2010, who was a dedicated urediniologist and who contributed her knowledge and samples to this publication. We thank Dr Scott A. Redhead and Louise Lefebvre from the National Mycological Herbarium and Pierre DesRochers from Natural Resources Canada for kindly providing important herbarium strains, Marie-Josee Bergeron and Isabelle Lamarre from Natural Resources Canada for constructive comments on the manuscript This research was financially supported through the Canadian Barcode of Life Research Network from Genome Canada through the Ontario Genomics Institute, Natural Sciences and Engineering Research of Canada, and other sponsors at www.BOLNET.org.
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Species complex, Physiology, Chrysomyxa pyrolae, phylogeny, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, DNA barcoding, 03 medical and health sciences, Genus, Botany, DNA, Ribosomal Spacer, Genetics, medicine, DNA barcode, mitochondrial heteroplasmon, Internal transcribed spacer, fungal pathogen, DNA, Fungal, species complex, Molecular Biology, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, [SDV.MP.MYC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Mycology, Electronic Data Processing, Coleosporium, biology, Basidiomycota, cone rusts, Cell Biology, General Medicine, 030108 mycology & parasitology, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Chrysomyxa, chrysomyxa needle rusts, medicine.drug_formulation_ingredient, Chrysomyxa ledi, mycology
Abstract: International audience; Chrysomyxa rusts are fungal pathogens widely present in the boreal forest. Taxonomic delimitation and precise species identification are difficult within this genus because several species display similar morphological features. We applied a DNA barcode system based on the ribosomal internal transcribed spacer region (ITS), large subunit (28S) ribosomal RNA gene, mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (CO1) and mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 6 (NAD6) in 86 strains from 16 different Chrysomyxa species, including members of the Chrysomyxa ledi species complex. The nuclear ITS and 28S loci revealed higher resolving power than the mitochondrial genes. Amplification of the full CO1 barcode region failed due to the presence of introns limiting the dataset obtained with this barcode. In most cases the ITS barcodes were in agreement with taxonomic species based on phenotypic characters. Nevertheless we observed genetically distinct (different DNA barcodes) lineages within Chrysomyxa pyrolae and Chrysomyxa rhododendri, providing some evidence for allopatric speciation within these morphologically defined species. This finding, together with the observed pattern of host specificities of the studied rust fungi, suggest that species diversification within the C. ledi species complex might be governed by a set of factors such as specialisation to certain Ericaceae species as telial hosts and to a lesser extent specialization to different spruce species as aecial hosts. Moreover allopatric speciation by geographic disruption of species also seems to take place. When our data were integrated into a broader phylogenetic framework the Chrysomyxa genus unexpectedly was not resolved as a monophyletic group. Indeed the spruce cone rusts C. pyrolae and C. monesis coalesced with the pine needle rusts belonging to the genus Coleosporium, whereas the microcyclic species Chrysomyxa weirii was embedded within a clade comprising the genus Melampsora.
Published: 2011

35. Transcript profiling of Eucalyptus xylem genes during tension wood formation

Author: Pierre Sivadon, António Mendes de Sousa, Victor Carocha, Cristina Marques, Etienne Paux, Jacqueline Grima-Pettenati, Nuno Borralho, Génétique Diversité et Ecophysiologie des Céréales (GDEC), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), RAIZ – Forestry & Paper Research Institut, Instituto de Investigação da Floresta e Papel, Partenaires INRAE, Institut Pluridisciplinaire de Recherche sur l'Environnement et les Matériaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Régulation et Dynamique de la Formation du Bois, Laboratoire de Recherche en Sciences Végétales (LRSV), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut pluridisciplinaire de recherche sur l'environnement et les matériaux (IPREM), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Science, Biology, xylem, 01 natural sciences, Transcriptome, Cell wall, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, transcript profiling, Botany, Gene expression, Lignin, RNA, Messenger, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, Regulation of gene expression, 0303 health sciences, Eucalyptus, Gene Expression Profiling, Xylem, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, 15. Life on land, Wood, Biomechanical Phenomena, chemistry, RNA, Plant, tension wood formation, Secondary cell wall, secondary cell wall, cDNA array, 010606 plant biology & botany, Gravitation, clustering
Abstract: International audience; Tension wood formed in response to gravitational force is a striking example of the plasticity of angiosperm wood. In this study our goal was to characterize the early changes in gene expression during tension wood formation in Eucalyptus.Using cDNA array technology, transcript profiling of 231 genes preferentially expressed in differentiating Eucalyptus xylem was followed from 6 h to 1 wk of a tension time course of artificially bent Eucalyptus trees.196 genes were differentially regulated between control and bent trees, some exhibiting distinctive expression patterns related to changes in secondary cell wall structure and composition. For instance, expression of a cellulose synthase gene was well correlated with the appearance of the G-layers. Cluster correlation analysis revealed differential regulation of lignin biosynthetic genes and may also be used to help infer the function of unknown gene products.Eucalyptus wood transcriptome analysis during tension wood formation not only provided new clues into the transcriptional regulatory network of genes preferentially expressed in xylem, but also highlighted candidate genes responsible for the genetic and environmentally induced variation of wood quality traits.
Published: 2005

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1. Migration in geographic and ecological space by a large herbivore

2. Partial migration in roe deer: migratory and resident tactics are end points of a behavioural gradient determined by ecological factors

3. Production-based pollution versus deforestation: optimal policy with state-independent and-dependent environmental absorption efficiency restoration process

4. An intensive study plot to investigate chestnut tree reproduction

5. Accounting for competition in multi-environment tree genetic evaluations: a case study with hybrid pines

6. Les émissions de N2O peuvent-elles compenser les avantages du stockage du carbone organique dans le sol ?

7. Projecting Exposure to Extreme Climate Impact Events Across Six Event Categories and Three Spatial Scales

8. Study Protocol: A Cross-Sectional Examination of Socio-Demographic and Ecological Determinants of Nutrition and Disease Across Madagascar

9. Variation in Anopheles distribution and predictors of malaria infection risk across regions of Madagascar

10. Climate change impact on future wildfire danger and activity in southern Europe: a review

11. High-spatiotemporal-resolution mapping of global urban change from 1985 to 2015

12. Forest production efficiency increases with growth temperature

13. Differences in motivations and social impacts across urban agriculture types: Case studies in Europe and the US

14. Nitrogen cycling in monospecific and mixed-species plantations of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus at 4 sites in Brazil

15. Economic Analysis of the Traditional Cultural Terraced Olive-Growing Landscape and Participatory Planning Process

16. Long cold exposure induces transcriptional and biochemical remodelling of xylem secondary cell wall in Eucalyptus

17. Current and future distribution of Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus (Diptera : Culicidae) in WHO Eastern Mediterranean Region

18. Forests and global change: what can genetics contribute to the major forest management and policy challenges of the twenty-first century?

19. Pools, channel form, and sediment storage in wood-restored streams: potential effects on downstream reservoirs

20. The role of non-natural capital in the co-production of marine ecosystem services

21. Integrated Analysis of Environment, Cattle and Human Serological Data: Risks and Mechanisms of Transmission of Rift Valley Fever in Madagascar

22. The harlequin ladybird, Harmonia axyridis: global perspectives on invasion history and ecology

23. SSR-based analysis of clonality, spatial genetic structure and introgression from the Lombardy poplar into a natural population of Populus nigra L. along the Loire River

24. Deciphering Corporate Governance and Environmental Commitments among Southeast Asian Transnationals: Uptake of Sustainability Certification

25. Influence of past and future climate changes on the distribution of three Southeast Asian murine rodents

26. Evaluation of ALOS/PALSAR L-Band data for the estimation of Eucalyptus plantations aboveground biomass in Brazil

27. Estimation of forest height and above ground biomass from ICESat/GLAS data in Eucalyptus plantations in Brazil

28. The genome of Eucalyptus grandis

29. Testing Different Methods of Forest Height and Aboveground Biomass Estimations From ICESat/GLAS Data in Eucalyptus Plantations in Brazil

30. Eucalyptus and Acacia tree growth over entire rotation in single- and mixed-species plantations across five sites in Brazil and Congo

31. Diversity of leaf unfolding dynamics among tree species: New insights from a study along an altitudinal gradient

32. Spatiotemporal dynamics of forage and water resources shape space use of West African savanna buffaloes

33. Classification and mapping of anthropogenic landforms on cultivated hillslopes using DEMs and soil thickness data - Example from the SW Parisian Basin, France

34. DNA barcoding in the rust genus Chrysomyxa and its implications for the phylogeny of the genus

35. Transcript profiling of Eucalyptus xylem genes during tension wood formation

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