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1. Fruit and vegetable consumption and sarcopenia among older adults in low- and middle-income countries

Author

Hans Oh, Louis Jacob, Ai Koyanagi, Lin Yang, Marco Solmi, Nicola Veronese, Lee Smith, Josep Maria Haro, Jae Il Shin, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), National Institute on Aging, NIA: OGHA 04034785, PI15/00862, R01‐AG034479, R21‐AG034263, Y1‐AG‐1005–01, YA1323–08‐CN‐0020 European Regional Development Fund, FEDER: ERDF?FEDER, Acknowledgments: This paper uses data from WHO’s Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE). SAGE is supported by the U.S. National Institute on Aging through Interagency Agreements OGHA 04034785, YA1323–08‐CN‐0020, Y1‐AG‐1005–01 and through research grants R01‐AG034479 and R21‐AG034263. Ai Koyanagi’s work is supported by the PI15/00862 project, integrated into the National R + D + I and funded by the ISCIII‐General Branch Evaluation and Promotion of Health Research and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF‐FEDER)., This paper uses data from WHO?s Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE). SAGE is supported by the U.S. National Institute on Aging through Interagency Agreements OGHA 04034785, YA1323?08?CN?0020, Y1?AG?1005?01 and through research grants R01?AG034479 and R21?AG034263. Ai Koyanagi?s work is supported by the PI15/00862 project, integrated into the National R + D + I and funded by the ISCIII?General Branch Evaluation and Promotion of Health Research and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF?FEDER)., Koyanagi, A., Veronese, N., Solmi, M., Oh, H., Shin, J.I., Jacob, L., Yang, L., Haro, J.M., and Smith, L.

Subjects
Male, Future studies, Logistic regression, Persones grans, older people, Eating, 0302 clinical medicine, Vegetables, vegetable, fruit, low- and middle-income countries, older people, sarcopenia, vegetable, low- and middle-income countries, 030212 general & internal medicine, Aged, 80 and over, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, Nutrition and Dietetics, Hand Strength, Smoking, Age Factors, 3. Good health, Income, Female, lcsh:Nutrition. Foods and food supply, Alcohol Drinking, Population, lcsh:TX341-641, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Article, Odds, sarcopenia, 03 medical and health sciences, Sex Factors, medicine, Humans, education, Developing Countries, Exercise, Poverty, Hortalisses, Adult health, Aged, Consumption (economics), business.industry, Low‐ and middle‐income countries, fruit, medicine.disease, Fruita, Cross-Sectional Studies, Low and middle income countries, Fruit, Sarcopenia, Older people, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, human activities, Food Science, Demography
Abstract

Fruit and vegetable consumption may protect against sarcopenia but there are no studies on this topic from low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Thus, we assessed this association among older adults from six LMICs. Community-based cross-sectional data of the Study on Global Aging and Adult Health were analyzed. Sarcopenia was defined as the presence of low skeletal muscle mass based on indirect population formula, and either slow gait or low handgrip strength. Quintiles of vegetable and fruit consumption were created based on the number of servings consumed on a typical day. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted. The sample consisted of 14,585 individuals aged &ge, 65 years (mean (SD) age 72.6 (11.4) years, 55% females). Adjusted analyses showed that overall, compared to the lowest quintile (Q1), the highest quintile (Q5) of fruit consumption was associated with a 40% lower odds for sarcopenia (OR = 0.60, 95% CI = 0.42-0.84) but this association was largely driven by the strong association among females (e.g., Q5 vs. Q1 OR = 0.42, 95% CI = 0.24&minus, 0.73), with no significant associations found among males. Vegetable consumption was not significantly associated with sarcopenia. Future studies of longitudinal design may shed light on whether increasing fruit consumption among older females in LMICs may reduce risk for sarcopenia.

Published
2020

2. Urban environment and cognitive and motor function in children from four European birth cohorts

Author

Marina Vafeiadi, Raquel Soler-Blasco, Mariza Kampouri, Mònica Guxens, Martine Vrijheid, Johanna Lepeule, Llúcia González-Safont, Mark J. Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark Mon-Williams, John Wright, Rosie McEachan, Anne-Claire Binter, Claire Philippat, Jonathan Y. Bernard, Jordi Sunyer, Loreto Santa-Marina, Leda Chatzi, Lucia Alonso, Ainara Andiarena, Institut de recherche en santé, environnement et travail (Irset), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Rennes (UR)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique ), Instituto de Salud Global - Institute For Global Health [Barcelona] (ISGlobal), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Agency for science, technology and research [Singapore] (A*STAR), University of South-Eastern Norway (USN), University of the Basque Country/Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Universitat Jaume I, University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), Institute for Advanced Biosciences / Institut pour l'Avancée des Biosciences (Grenoble) (IAB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Fundación para el Fomento de la Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de la Comunitat Valenciana [Espagne] (FISABIO), University of Bradford, University of Southern California (USC), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), This work was supported by funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007–206 n◦308333, the HELIX project]. This INMA cohort was funded by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Red INMA G03/176, CB06/02/0041, PI041436, PI081151 incl. FEDER funds, FIS PI06/0867, FIS-PI09/00090, FIS and FIS-PI18/01142 incl. FEDER funds, FIS-FEDER: PI03/1615, PI04/1509, PI04/1112, PI04/1931, PI05/1079, PI05/1052, PI06/1213, PI07/0314, PI09/02647, PI11/01007, PI11/02591, PI11/02038, PI13/1944, PI13/2032, PI14/00891, PI14/01687, PI16/1288, PI16/00118 and PI17/00663, FIS-FSE: 17/00260, Miguel Servet-FEDER CP11/00178, CP15/00025, CPII16/00051, and CPII18/00018), from UE (FP7-ENV-2011 cod 282957, HEALTH.2010.2.4.5-1, and H2020 n◦824989), Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT 1999SGR 00241, Fundació La marató de TV3 (090430), Generalitat Valenciana: FISABIO (UGP 15-230, UGP-15-244, and UGP-15-249), Alicia Koplowitz Foundation 2017, CIBERESP, Department of Health of the Basque Government (2013111089, 2009111069, 2013111089, 2015111065 and 2018111086), Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa (DFG06/002, DFG08/001, DFG15/221 and DFG 89/17) and annual agreements with the municipalities of the study area (Zumarraga, Urretxu , Legazpi, Azkoitia y Azpeitia y Beasain). We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation and the State Research Agency through the 'Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019-2023' Program (CEX2018-000806-S), and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program. The work was also supported by MICINN [MTM2015-68140- R] and Centro Nacional de Genotipado- CEGEN- PRB2- ISCIII (Spain). The Rhea project was financially supported by European projects, and the Greek Ministry of Health (Program of Prevention of obesity and neurodevelopmental disorders in preschool children, in Heraklion district, Crete, Greece: 2011–2014, 'Rhea Plus': Primary Prevention Program of Environmental Risk Factors for Reproductive Health, and Child Health: 2012–15). This paper presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) under its Collaboration for Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) for Yorkshire and Humber (UK). The EDEN study was supported by Foundation for medical research (FRM), National Agency for Research (ANR), National Institute for Research in Public health (IRESP: TGIR cohorte santé 2008 program), French Ministry of Health (DGS), French Ministry of Research, INSERM Bone and Joint Diseases National Research (PRO-A), and Human Nutrition National Research Programs, Paris-Sud University, Nestlé, French National Institute for Population Health Surveillance (InVS), French National Institute for Health Education (INPES), the European Union FP7 programs (ESCAPE, ENRIECO, Medall projects), Diabetes National Research Program (through a collaboration with the French Association of Diabetic Patients (AFD)), French Agency for Environmental Health Safety and French National Agency for Food Security (now ANSES), Mutuelle Générale de l’Education Nationale a complementary health insurance (MGEN), French-speaking association for the study of diabetes and metabolism (ALFEDIAM). Core support for Born in Bradford is also provided by the Wellcome Trust (WT101597MA, UK). Born in Bradford (BiB) is only possible because of the enthusiasm and commitment of the children and parents in BiB. We are grateful to all the participants, health professionals, schools and researchers who have made BiB happen. BiB receives funding from the ESRC/MRC, the Wellcome Trust (WT101597MA) and the National Institute for Health Research Yorkshire and Humber ARC (reference: NIHR20016). M. Mon-Williams was supported by a Fellowship from the Alan Turing Institute. Additional funding from the National Institute of Environmental Health Science supported Dr Chatzi (R01ES030691, R01ES029944, R01ES030364, R21ES029681, and P30ES007048). The views expressed are those of the authors, and not necessarily those of the NHS or the NIHR. None of the funders were involved in designing the study, collecting the data, analyzing or interpreting the data, deciding to submit the article for publication, or the writing of the report., HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Singapore Institute for Clinical Sciences [Singapour] (SICS), Bradford Institute for Health Research [Bradford, UK], Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust [Bradford, UK] (BTHFT), University of Leeds, Universitat de València (UV), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Binter, Anne-Claire, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry / Psychology, Erasmus MC other, European Commission, Structure Fédérative de Recherche en Biologie et Santé de Rennes ( Biosit : Biologie - Santé - Innovation Technologique )-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École des Hautes Études en Santé Publique [EHESP] (EHESP)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), and Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université d'Angers (UA)

Subjects
Urban environment, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Cognition, Pregnancy, Cognició en els infants, 11. Sustainability, GE1-350, 030212 general & internal medicine, Children, Motor skill, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Desenvolupament urbà, General Environmental Science, SDG 15 - Life on Land, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, Air Pollutants, 4. Education, motor function, Cohort, cohort, SDG 11 - Sustainable Cities and Communities, 3. Good health, Child, Preschool, Birth Cohort, Female, Cognitive function, Psychology, Population, Gross motor skill, 03 medical and health sciences, children, Urban planning, Air Pollution, medicine, Humans, education, Motor function, cognitive function, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Environmental Exposure, medicine.disease, urban environment, Confidence interval, Environmental sciences, Spain, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Particulate Matter, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Demography
Abstract

[EN]Background: The urban environment may influence neurodevelopment from conception onwards, but there is no evaluation of the impact of multiple groups of exposures simultaneously. We investigated the association between early-life urban environment and cognitive and motor function in children. Methods: We used data from 5403 mother-child pairs from four population-based birth-cohorts (UK, France, Spain, and Greece). We estimated thirteen urban home exposures during pregnancy and childhood, including: built environment, natural spaces, and air pollution. Verbal, non-verbal, gross motor, and fine motor functions were assessed using validated tests at five years old. We ran adjusted multi-exposure models using the Deletion-Substitution-Addition algorithm. Results: Higher greenness exposure within 300 m during pregnancy was associated with higher verbal abilities (1.5 points (95% confidence interval 0.4, 2.7) per 0.20 unit increase in greenness). Higher connectivity density within 100 m and land use diversity during pregnancy were related to lower verbal abilities. Childhood exposure to PM2.5 mediated 74% of the association between greenness during childhood and verbal abilities. Higher exposure to PM2.5 during pregnancy was related to lower fine motor function (-1.2 points (-2.1, -0.4) per 3.2 mu g/m3 increase in PM2.5). No associations were found with non-verbal abilities and gross motor function. Discussion: This study suggests that built environment, greenness, and air pollution may impact child cognitive and motor function at five years old. This study adds evidence that well-designed urban planning may benefit children's cognitive and motor development. Acknowledgements We are grateful to all the participating children, parents, practi-tioners and researchers in the four countries who took part in this study. This work was supported by funding from the European Community's Seventh Framework Programme [FP7/2007-206 n 308333; the HELIX project] . This INMA cohort was funded by grants from Instituto de Salud Carlos III (Red INMA G03/176; CB06/02/0041; PI041436; PI081151 incl. FEDER funds, FIS PI06/0867, FIS-PI09/00090, FIS and FIS-PI18/01142 incl. FEDER funds, FIS-FEDER: PI03/1615, PI04/1509, PI04/1112, PI04/1931, PI05/1079, PI05/1052, PI06/1213, PI07/0314, PI09/02647, PI11/01007, PI11/02591, PI11/02038, PI13/1944, PI13/2032, PI14/00891, PI14/01687, PI16/1288, PI16/00118 and PI17/00663; FIS-FSE: 17/00260; Miguel Servet-FEDER CP11/00178, CP15/00025, CPII16/00051, and CPII18/00018) , from UE (FP7-ENV-2011 cod 282957, HEALTH.2010.2.4.5-1, and H2020 n 824989) , Generalitat de Catalunya-CIRIT 1999SGR 00241, Fundacio La marato de TV3 (090430) , Generalitat Valenciana: FISABIO (UGP 15-230, UGP-15-244, and UGP-15-249) , Alicia Koplowitz Foundation 2017, CIBERESP, Department of Health of the Basque Government (2013111089, 2009111069, 2013111089, 2015111065 and 2018111086) , Provincial Government of Gipuzkoa (DFG06/002, DFG08/001, DFG15/221 and DFG 89/17) and annual agreements with the municipalities of the study area (Zumarraga, Urretxu , Legazpi, Azkoitia y Azpeitia y Beasain) . We acknowledge support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Inno-vation and the State Research Agency through the "Centro de Excelencia Severo Ochoa 2019-2023" Program (CEX2018-000806-S) , and support from the Generalitat de Catalunya through the CERCA Program. The work was also supported by MICINN [MTM2015-68140-R] and Centro Nacional de Genotipado-CEGEN-PRB2-ISCIII (Spain) . The Rhea project was financially supported by European projects, and the Greek Ministry of Health (Program of Prevention of obesity and neurodevelopmental disorders in preschool children, in Heraklion district, Crete, Greece: 2011-2014; "Rhea Plus": Primary Prevention Program of Environmental Risk Factors for Reproductive Health, and Child Health: 2012-15) . This paper presents independent research funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) under its Collaboration for Applied Health Research and Care (CLAHRC) for Yorkshire and Humber (UK) . The EDEN study was supported by Foundation for medical research (FRM) , National Agency for Research (ANR) , National Institute for Research inPublic health (IRESP: TGIR cohorte sante 2008 program) , French Min-istry of Health (DGS) , French Ministry of Research, INSERM Bone and Joint Diseases National Research (PRO-A) , and Human Nutrition Na-tional Research Programs, Paris-Sud University, Nestle, French National Institute for Population Health Surveillance (InVS) , French National Institute for Health Education (INPES) , the European Union FP7 pro-grams (ESCAPE, ENRIECO, Medall projects) , Diabetes National Research Program (through a collaboration with the French Association of Diabetic Patients (AFD) ) , French Agency for Environmental Health Safety and French National Agency for Food Security (now ANSES) , Mutuelle Generale de l'Education Nationale a complementary health insurance (MGEN) , French-speaking association for the study of diabetes and metabolism (ALFEDIAM) . Core support for Born in Bradford is also provided by the Wellcome Trust (WT101597MA, UK) . Born in Bradford (BiB) is only possible because of the enthusiasm and commitment of the children and parents in BiB. We are grateful to all the participants, health professionals, schools and researchers who have made BiB happen. BiB receives funding from the ESRC/MRC, the Wellcome Trust (WT101597MA) and the National Institute for Health Research York-shire and Humber ARC (reference: NIHR20016) . M. Mon-Williams was supported by a Fellowship from the Alan Turing Institute. Additional funding from the National Institute of Environmental Health Science supported Dr Chatzi (R01ES030691, R01ES029944, R01ES030364, R21ES029681, and P30ES007048) . The views expressed are those of the authors, and not necessarily those of the NHS or the NIHR. None of the funders were involved in designing the study, collecting the data, analyzing or interpreting the data, deciding to submit the article for publication, or the writing of the report. Data sharing statement The HELIX data warehouse has been established as an accessible resource for collaborative research involving researchers external to the project. Access to HELIX data is based on approval by the HELIX Project Executive Committee and by the individual cohorts. Further details on the content of the data warehouse (data catalogue) and procedures for external access are described on the project website (http:// www.proj-ecthelix.eu/index.php/es/data-inventory) .

Published
2022

3. Are Certified Supply Chains More Socially Sustainable ? A Bargaining Power Analysis

Author

Orachos Napasintuwong, Mario Veneziani, Jose Maria Gil, Michael J. Böhm, Michele Donati, Bojan Ristic, Peter Csillag, Valentin Bellassen, Zaklina Stojanovic, Áron Török, Lisa Gauvrit, Marion Drut, Paul Muller, Viet Hoang, Ioannis Papadopoulos, Efthimia Tsakiridou, Agata Malak-Rawlikowska, Hugo Ferrer-Pérez, An Nguyen, Konstadinos Mattas, Bureau d'Économie Théorique et Appliquée (BETA), Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'Economie et de Sociologie Rurales Appliquées à l'Agriculture et aux Espaces Ruraux (CESAER), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), ECOZEPT, Freising, Germany, Corvinus University of Budapest, ECO-SENSUS Research and Communication Non-profit Ltd, Hungary, Partenaires INRAE, University of Parma = Università degli studi di Parma [Parme, Italie], CREDA - Centre de Recerca en Economia i Desenvolupament Agroalimentaris (CREDA), Ecozept, University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City (UEH), Warsaw University of Life Sciences (SGGW), Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Kasetsart University - KU (THAILAND), Kasetsart University (KU), University of Belgrade [Belgrade], This paper is a research output of the Strength2Food project which was funded from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program, European Project: 678024,H2020,H2020-SFS-2015-2,Strength2Food(2016), Centre for Agro-Food Economy & Development, UPC-IRTA, Castelldefels, Spain (CREDA), Université polytechnique de Catalogne (UPC), School of Economics, University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam, Faculty of Biology [Warsaw], University of Warsaw (UW), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. Departament d'Enginyeria Agroalimentària i Biotecnologia, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya. CREDA - Centre de Recerca en Economia i Desenvolupament Agroalimentari, AgroParisTech-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA)-Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA) Mulhouse - Colmar (Université de Haute-Alsace (UHA))-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Università degli studi di Parma = University of Parma (UNIPR)

Subjects
Supply chain, Social sustainability, Distribution (economics), Certification, Institutions, Market power, Aliments--Abastament, Transactional leadership, 0502 economics and business, 2. Zero hunger, Transaction cost, Transaction costs, business.industry, 05 social sciences, social, Enginyeria agroalimentària::Indústries agroalimentàries [Àrees temàtiques de la UPC], Environmental economics, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, General Business, Management and Accounting, Bargaining power, Sustainability indicator, Social sustainability indicator, Agrotech, 050202 agricultural economics & policy, business, Food supply--Economic aspects, 050203 business & management, Food Science
Abstract

Food quality schemes (FQS: organic and geographical indication products) are often supposed to be more sustainable by their political advocates. We explore the social sustainability advantage of FQS through the lens of supply chains’ bargaining power (BP) distribution. We propose an indicator synthesizing different sources underlying BP (competition-based, transactional, institutional) and counting two dimensions (fair BP distribution and adaptation capacity), that we apply to 18 FQS supply chains and corresponding reference. FQS perform better than their reference products on both dimensions. This better performance is due to a combination of sources. Objectius de Desenvolupament Sostenible::12 - Producció i Consum Responsables

Published
2021

4. Halving food-related greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved by redistributing meat consumption: progressive optimization Results of the NutriNet-Santé cohort

Author

Julia Baudry, Denis Lairon, Alison Dussiot, Philippe Pointereau, Brigitte Langevin, Benjamin Allès, Pauline Rebouillat, Emmanuelle Kesse-Guyot, Mathilde Touvier, Joséphine Brunin, Serge Hercberg, François Mariotti, Hélène Fouillet, Equipe 3: EREN- Equipe de Recherche en Epidémiologie Nutritionnelle (CRESS - U1153), Université Sorbonne Paris Nord-Centre de Recherche Épidémiologie et Statistique Sorbonne Paris Cité (CRESS (U1153 / UMR_A_1125 / UMR_S_1153)), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Physiologie de la Nutrition et du Comportement Alimentaire (PNCA (UMR 0914)), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), SOLAGRO, Solagro, Agence de l'Environnement et de la Maîtrise de l'Energie (ADEME), Centre recherche en CardioVasculaire et Nutrition = Center for CardioVascular and Nutrition research (C2VN), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Association Solagro (Solagro), The NutriNet-Sante study is funded by FrenchMinistry of Health and Social Affairs, Sante Publique France, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Conservatoire National des Arts et Metiers, and Sorbonne Paris Nord University. The BioNutriNet project was supported by the French National Research Agency (Agence Nationale de la Recherche) in the context of the 2013 Programme de Recherche Systemes Alimentaires Durables (ANR-13-ALID-0001). The funders had no role in the study design, data collection, analysis, interpretation of data, preparation of the manuscript, and decision to submit the paper., ANR-13-ALID-0001,BioNutriNet,Consommation d'aliments issus de l'agriculture biologique: déterminants et motivation vis-à-vis de la durabilité, impact nutritionnel, économique, environnemental et toxicologique(2013), Kesse-guyot, Emmanuelle, and Systèmes Alimentaires Durables - Consommation d'aliments issus de l'agriculture biologique: déterminants et motivation vis-à-vis de la durabilité, impact nutritionnel, économique, environnemental et toxicologique - - BioNutriNet2013 - ANR-13-ALID-0001 - ALID - VALID

Subjects
Adult, Male, Meat, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Animal food, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Food Supply, Nutrition Policy, Greenhouse Gases, Nutrient, Animal science, Ruminant, Animals, Humans, Environmental Chemistry, Waste Management and Disposal, Aged, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Consumption (economics), [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, biology, business.industry, Intensive farming, greenhouse gas emissions, Middle Aged, biology.organism_classification, co-product tradeoffs, Pollution, Diet, [SDV.AEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [SDV.EE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, diet sustainability, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, Cohort, Food processing, Environmental science, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, optimization modelling, Energy Intake, business, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition
Abstract

Background Diet-related greenhouse gas emissions (GHGe) mainly comes from animal-sourced foods. As progressive changes are more acceptable for a sustainable food transition, we aimed to identify nutritionally adequate and culturally acceptable optimized diets ensuring a gradual reduction in GHGe, using observed diet from a large sample of French adults, while considering the mode of food production (organic vs conventional farming) and the co-production link between milk and beef. Material and method Based on the consumption of 257 organic and conventional foods among 29,413 participants (75% women, age: 53.5 ± 14.0y) of the NutriNet-Sante study, we modelled optimal diets according to GHGe reduction scenarios in 5% steps, from 0 to 50% with nutritional, acceptability, and coproduct constraints, for men, premenopausal and menopausal women separately. Results Gradual GHGe decrease under these constraints led to optimal diets with an overall decrease in animal foods, with marked reductions in dairy products (up to −83%), together with a stable but largely redistributed meat consumption in favor of poultry (up to +182%) and pork (up to +46%) and at the expense of ruminant meat (down to −92%). Amounts of legumes increases dramatically (up to +238%). The greater the reduction in diet-related GHGe, the lower the cumulative energy demand (about −25%) and land use (about −43%). The proportion of organic food increased from ~30% in the observed diets to ~70% in the optimized diets. Conclusion Our results suggest that meeting both nutrient reference value and environmental objectives of up to 50% GHGe reduction requires the reduction of animal foods together with important substitutions between animal food groups, which result in drastic reductions in beef and dairy products. Further research is required to explore alignment with long-term health value and conflict with acceptability, in particular for even greater GHGe reductions.

Published
2021

5. Association between food insecurity and depression among older adults from low- and middle-income countries

Author

Lee Smith, Yvonne Barnett, Igor Grabovac, Hans Oh, Louis Jacob, Nicola Veronese, Lin Yang, Ai Koyanagi, Guillermo F. López-Sánchez, Jae Il Shin, Pinar Soysal, Daragh T. McDermott, SOYSAL, PINAR, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), National Institute on Aging, NIA: 08-CN-0020, OGHA 04034785, R01-AG034479, R21-AG034263, Y1-AG-1005, YA1323 Faculty of Science, Agriculture and Engineering, Newcastle University, SAgE, This paper uses data from WHO's Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE). SAGE is supported by the US National Institute on Aging through Interagency Agreements OGHA 04034785, YA1323?08-CN-0020, Y1-AG-1005?01 and through research grants R01-AG034479 and R21-AG034263., Smith, L., Il Shin, J., McDermott, D., Jacob, L., Barnett, Y., López-Sánchez, G.F., Veronese, N., Yang, L., Soysal, P., Oh, H., Grabovac, I., and Koyanagi, A.

Subjects
Male, China, Psychological intervention, India, Logistic regression, Ghana, Odds, Russia, 03 medical and health sciences, South Africa, 0302 clinical medicine, older adults, Environmental health, food insecurity, Prevalence, Medicine, Humans, low- and middle-income countries, Association (psychology), Developing Countries, Mexico, Depression (differential diagnoses), Aged, 2. Zero hunger, business.industry, 1. No poverty, Middle Aged, Mental health, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, 030227 psychiatry, Food insecurity, Psychiatry and Mental health, Clinical Psychology, Cross-Sectional Studies, low- and middle-income countrie, depression, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Smith L., Il Shin J., McDermott D., Jacob L., Barnett Y., López-Sánchez G. F. , Veronese N., Yang L., Soysal P., Oh H., et al., -Association between food insecurity and depression among older adults from low- and middle-income countries.-, Depression and anxiety, 2021, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Abstract

Background:\ud \ud To examine the association between self‐reported food insecurity and depression in 34,129 individuals aged ≥50 years from six low‐ and middle‐income countries (LMICs) (China, Ghana, India, Mexico, Russia, and South Africa).\ud \ud Methods:\ud \ud Cross‐sectional, community‐based, nationally representative data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. Self‐reported past 12‐month food insecurity was assessed with two questions on frequency of eating less and hunger due to lack of food. Questions based on the World Mental Health Survey version of the Composite International Diagnostic Interview were used for the endorsement of past 12‐month DSM‐IV depression. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and meta‐analysis were conducted to assess associations.\ud \ud Results:\ud \ud In total, 34,129 individuals aged ≥50 years [mean (SD) age, 62.4 (16.0) years; 52.1% females] were included in the analysis. Overall, the prevalence of moderate and severe food insecurity was 6.7% and 5.1%, respectively, while the prevalence of depression was 6.0%. Meta‐analyses based on countrywise estimates showed that overall, moderate food insecurity (vs. no food insecurity) is associated with a nonsignificant 1.69 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.82–3.48) times higher odds for depression, while severe food insecurity is significantly associated with 2.43 (95% CI = 1.65–3.57) times higher odds for depression.\ud \ud Conclusions:\ud \ud In this large representative sample of older adults from six LMICs, those with severe food insecurity were over two times more likely to suffer from depression (compared with no food insecurity). Utilizing lay health counselors and psychological interventions may be effective mechanisms to reduce depression among food‐insecure populations. Interventions to address food insecurity (e.g., supplemental nutrition programs) may reduce depression at the population level but future longitudinal studies are warranted.

Published
2021

6. Les émissions de N2O peuvent-elles compenser les avantages du stockage du carbone organique dans le sol ?

Author

David S. Powlson, Frédéric Rees, Victoria Naipal, Jérôme Balesdent, Rémi Cardinael, Julien Fouché, Emanuele Lugato, Elisa Bruni, Stefan Frank, Philippe Ciais, Dominique Arrouays, Catherine Hénault, Benoit Gabrielle, Hanqin Tian, Thomas Nesme, Sylvain Pellerin, Hugo Valin, Bertrand Guenet, Jean-Pierre Caliman, Michael Obersteiner, Claire Chenu, Feng Zhou, Yang Su, Jean-François Soussana, Dominique Desbois, Songchao Chen, Daniel P. Rasse, Martial Bernoux, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Modélisation des Surfaces et Interfaces Continentales (MOSAIC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Ecologie fonctionnelle et écotoxicologie des agroécosystèmes (ECOSYS), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), InfoSol (InfoSol), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations [Rome, Italie] (FAO), Smart Research Institute [Indonésie] (SMARTRI), SMART agribusiness and food [Jakarta] (SMART), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Agroécologie et Intensification Durables des cultures annuelles (UPR AIDA), University of Zimbawe [Harare] (UZ), University of Zimbawe, ICOS-ATC (ICOS-ATC), Economie Publique (ECO-PUB), Laboratoire d'étude des Interactions Sol - Agrosystème - Hydrosystème (UMR LISAH), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis [Laxenburg] (IIASA), Agroécologie [Dijon], Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), European Commission - Joint Research Centre [Ispra] (JRC), Interactions Sol Plante Atmosphère (UMR ISPA), Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Sciences Agronomiques de Bordeaux-Aquitaine (Bordeaux Sciences Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Rothamsted Research, Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Auburn University (AU), Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Peking University [Beijing], This paper stemmed from a workshop 'Emerging challenges in large scale soil carbon sequestration' held in Paris on 8-10 October 2018. The workshop was financially supported by the French government under the ANR 'Investissements d'avenir' program with the reference CLAND ANR-16-CONV-0003. F.Z. acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 41671464), ANR-16-CONV-0003,CLAND,CLAND : Changement climatique et usage des terres(2016), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Norsk institutt for bioøkonomi=Norwegian Institute of Bioeconomy Research (NIBIO), Support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant no. 41671464), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Territoires, Environnement, Télédétection et Information Spatiale (UMR TETIS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Centre d'études spatiales de la biosphère (CESBIO), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Environnement Méditerranéen et Modélisation des Agro-Hydrosystèmes (EMMAH), Avignon Université (AU)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), and Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Atténuation de l'effet de serre, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Travail du sol, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, greenhouse gases emissions, Agroforesterie, Carbone dans le sol, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, agroforestry, Interactions biologiques, Environmental protection, Biochar, organic amendment, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, [SDV.EE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment, Global and Planetary Change, Ecology, greenhouse gas emissions, land based mitigation, erosion, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Tillage, Gaz a effet de serre, séquestration du carbone, Cycle de l'azote, réduction des émissions, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, tillage, Culture de couverture, P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, Labour, Land management, Climate change, érosion, [SDV.SA.SDS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Soil study, 010603 evolutionary biology, 12. Responsible consumption, Matière organique du sol, Fertilité du sol, Environmental Chemistry, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, biochar, Occupation des sols, émissions de gaz à effet de serre, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, cover crops agroforestry, Oxyde nitreux, Global warming, Soil carbon, 15. Life on land, soil organic carbon, land-based mitigation, Amendement organique, 13. Climate action, Greenhouse gas, Soil water, Environmental science, cover crops, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Cycle du carbone
Abstract

This paper stemmed from a workshop 'Emerging challenges in large scale soil carbon sequestration' held in Paris on 8-10 October 2018; International audience; To respect the Paris agreement targeting a limitation of global warming below 2°C by 2100, and possibly below 1.5°C, drastic reductions of greenhouse gas emissions are mandatory but not sufficient. Large‐scale deployment of other climate mitigation strategies are also necessary. Among these, increasing soil organic carbon (SOC) stocks is an important lever because carbon in soils can be stored for long periods and land management options to achieve this already exist and have been widely tested. However, agricultural soils are also an important source of nitrous oxide (N$_2$O), a powerful greenhouse gas, and increasing SOC may influence N$_2$O emissions, likely causing an increase in many cases, thus tending to offset the climate change benefit from increased SOC storage. Here, we review the main agricultural management options for increasing SOC stocks. We evaluate the amount of SOC that can be stored as well as resulting changes in N$_2$O emissions to better estimate the climate benefits of these management options. Based on quantitative data obtained from published meta‐analyses and from our current level of understanding, we conclude that the climate mitigation induced by increased SOC storage is generally overestimated if associated N$_2$O emissions are not considered but, with the exception of reduced tillage, is never fully offset. Some options (e.g, biochar or non‐pyrogenic C amendment application) may even decrease N$_2$O emissions.; Pour respecter l'accord de Paris visant à limiter le réchauffement climatique à moins de 2°C d'ici 2100, et éventuellement à moins de 1,5°C, des réductions drastiques des émissions de gaz à effet de serre sont obligatoires mais pas suffisantes. Le déploiement à grande échelle d'autres stratégies d'atténuation du climat est également nécessaire. Parmi celles-ci, l'augmentation des stocks de carbone organique du sol (SOC) est un levier important car le carbone dans les sols peut être stocké pendant de longues périodes et les options de gestion des terres pour y parvenir existent déjà et ont été largement testées. Toutefois, les sols agricoles sont également une source importante d'oxyde nitreux (N$_2$O), un puissant gaz à effet de serre, et l'augmentation du SOC peut influer sur les émissions de N$_$O, provoquant probablement une augmentation dans de nombreux cas, tendant ainsi à compenser le bénéfice du changement climatique résultant du stockage accru du SOC. Nous passons ici en revue les principales options de gestion agricole pour l'augmentation des stocks de SOC. Nous évaluons la quantité de SOC qui peut être stockée ainsi que les changements qui en résultent dans les émissions de N$_2$O afin de mieux estimer les avantages climatiques de ces options de gestion. Sur la base des données quantitatives obtenues à partir de méta-analyses publiées et de notre niveau de compréhension actuel, nous concluons que l'atténuation du climat induite par un stockage accru du SOC est généralement surestimée si l'on ne tient pas compte des émissions de N$_2$O associées, mais, à l'exception du travail réduit du sol, n'est jamais totalement compensée. Certaines options (par exemple, le biochar ou l'application d'un amendement C non pyrogène) peuvent même réduire les émissions de N$_2$O.

Published
2021

7. Association between food insecurity and fall-related injury among adults aged ≥65 years in low- and middle-income countries: The role of mental health conditions

Author

Jae Il Shin, Igor Grabovac, Louis Jacob, Lee Smith, Guillermo F. López-Sánchez, Yvonne Barnett, Pinar Soysal, Hans Oh, Nicola Veronese, Ai Koyanagi, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Research and Development Unit, Parc Sanitari Sant Joan de Déu, CIBERSAM, Dr. Antoni Pujadas, This paper uses data from WHO's Study on Global Ageing and Adult Health (SAGE). SAGE is supported by the U.S. National Institute on Aging through Interagency Agreements OGHA 04034785 , YA1323-08-CN-0020 , Y1-AG-1005-01 and through research grants R01-AG034479 and R21-AG034263 ., SOYSAL, PINAR, Smith, L., Shin, J.I., López-Sánchez, G.F., Veronese, N., Soysal, P., Oh, H., Grabovac, I., Barnett, Y., Jacob, L., and Koyanagi, A.

Subjects
Male, Aging, Health (social science), Low- and middle-income countries, Psychological intervention, Logistic regression, Food Supply, Odds, 03 medical and health sciences, Older adults, 0302 clinical medicine, Fall-related injury, Environmental health, Prevalence, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Developing Countries, Depression (differential diagnoses), Aged, 2. Zero hunger, 030214 geriatrics, Food insecurity, business.industry, [SDV.MHEP.GEG]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Geriatry and gerontology, Confounding, Cognition, MESH: Accidental Falls, Aged, Cross-Sectional Studies, Developing Countries, Female, Food Insecurity, Food Supply, Humans, Male, Mental Health, Prevalence, Mental health, 3. Good health, Cross-Sectional Studies, Mental Health, Low- and middle-income countrie, Anxiety, Accidental Falls, Female, Geriatrics and Gerontology, medicine.symptom, business, Gerontology, The role of mental health conditions.-, Archives of gerontology and geriatrics, cilt.96, ss.104438, 2021 [Smith L., Shin J. I. , López-Sánchez G. F. , Veronese N., Soysal P., Oh H., Grabovac I., Barnett Y., Jacob L., Koyanagi A., -Association between food insecurity and fall-related injury among adults aged ≥65 years in low- and middle-income countries]
Abstract

Purpose:\ud \ud We investigated the association between food insecurity and fall-related injury among older adults from six low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), and the extent to which this association is mediated by mental health.\ud \ud Methods:\ud \ud Cross-sectional, community-based, nationally representative data from the WHO Study on global AGEing and adult health (SAGE) were analyzed. Past 12-month food insecurity was assessed with two questions on frequency of eating less and hunger due to lack of food. Fall-related injury referred to those that occurred in the past 12 months. Multivariable logistic regression analysis and mediation analysis were conducted to assess associations.\ud \ud Results:\ud \ud Data on 14,585 adults aged ≥65 years [mean (SD) age 72.5 (11.5) years; 54.9% females] were analyzed. After adjustment for potential confounders, severe food insecurity (versus no food insecurity) was associated with 1.95 (95%CI = 1.11–3.41) times higher odds for fall-related injury. Moderate food insecurity was not significantly associated with fall-related injury (OR = 1.34; 95%CI = 0.81–2.25). The mediation analysis showed that 37.3%, 21.8%, 17.7%, and 14.0% of the association between severe food insecurity and fall-related injury was explained by anxiety, sleep problems, depression, and cognition, respectively.\ud \ud Conclusion:\ud \ud Severe food insecurity was associated with higher odds for injurious falls among older adults in LMICs, and a large proportion of this association may be explained by mental health complications. Interventions to improve mental health among those who are food insecure and a strong focus on societal and government efforts to reduce food insecurity may contribute to a decrease in injurious falls.

Published
2021

8. Do cultural capital and social capital matter for economic performance? An empirical investigation of tribal agriculture in New Caledonia

Author

Natalia Zugravu-Soilita, Séverine Bouard, Leïla Apithy, Rajwane Kafrouni, Centre d'études sur la mondialisation, les conflits, les territoires et les vulnérabilités (Cemotev), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut Agronomique Néo-Calédonien (IAC), Illinois Arts Council, IAC Metro South Health, MSH Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, CIRAD, and We express gratitude to the IAC and CIRAD for permission to exploit the original and confidential tribal agriculture survey. We would also like to thank the associate editor and the anonymous reviewers for their comments, which have contributed significantly to improving this article. We would like to thank Vincent Geronimi for our very rich and constructive discussions around the concepts explored in this work. We are also grateful to the participants in the UNESCO's SIDS Knowledge Day, in the CEMOTEV (University of Versailles) and MSH (Maison des Sciences de l'Homme / The House of Human and Social Sciences) Paris-Saclay seminars, and in the ?Vulnerability? and ?Resilience? international conference, organized by CEMOTEV and UMI R?siliences (IRD), for their valuable comments on the previous versions of the paper. Any errors or shortcomings remain the authors' own responsibility.

Subjects
Economics and Econometrics, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q1 - Agriculture/Q.Q1.Q12 - Micro Analysis of Farm Firms, Farm Households, and Farm Input Markets, Tribal agriculture, 010501 environmental sciences, Cultural capital, 01 natural sciences, Social capital, Sustainable development, Economics, Economic geography, Agricultural productivity, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, 2. Zero hunger, JEL: Q - Agricultural and Natural Resource Economics • Environmental and Ecological Economics/Q.Q0 - General/Q.Q0.Q01 - Sustainable Development, JEL: Z - Other Special Topics/Z.Z1 - Cultural Economics • Economic Sociology • Economic Anthropology, [SDV.SA.AEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agriculture, economy and politics, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Social relation, Interpersonal ties, Microdata (HTML), Capital (economics), JEL: A - General Economics and Teaching/A.A1 - General Economics/A.A1.A13 - Relation of Economics to Social Values, Tangible wealth, Intangible wealth, Socioeconomic relationship
Abstract

International audience; This paper proposes an empirical investigation of the impact of social relations, referred to as structural social capital, and cultural values, referred to as intangible cultural capital, on tribal agricultural production in New Caledonia. By using microdata from an original survey on tribal communities, we construct a simultaneous equations model to explore the mechanisms by which cultural values and social relations interact with agricultural performance. Several original findings emerge from this study. First, agricultural performance (production and yield) is a result and, simultaneously, an explanatory factor of social relations, highlighting the limited substitutability between these two sources of wealth (agriculture and social capital). Second, cultural values appear to be an explanatory factor of tribal social relations and thus indirectly affect economic performance. Moreover, our results suggest that the complementarity between the forms of capital is essential for the extensification—maintenance/scaling up—of tribal agriculture (crop production) and even more essential for the intensification (performance, i.e. crop yield) of this activity and the persistence of social ties. Our results thus show that the neoclassical hypothesis of perfect substitutability between the components of wealth is not valid for socioeconomic sustainability.

Published
2021

9. Study Protocol: A Cross-Sectional Examination of Socio-Demographic and Ecological Determinants of Nutrition and Disease Across Madagascar

Author

Christopher D. Golden, Benjamin L. Rice, Hervet J. Randriamady, Arisoa Miadana Vonona, Jean Frederick Randrianasolo, Ambinintsoa Nirina Tafangy, Mamy Yves Andrianantenaina, Nicholas J. Arisco, Gauthier N. Emile, Faustin Lainandrasana, Robuste Fenoarison Faraniaina Mahonjolaza, Hermann Paratoaly Raelson, Vololoniaina Ravo Rakotoarilalao, Anjaharinony Andry Ny Aina Rakotomalala, Alex Dominique Rasamison, Rebaliha Mahery, M. Luciano Tantely, Romain Girod, Akshaya Annapragada, Amy Wesolowski, Amy Winter, Daniel L. Hartl, James Hazen, C. Jessica E. Metcalf, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Madagascar Health and Environmental Research [Maroantsetra, Madagascar] (MAHERY), Princeton University, Unité d'Entomologie Médicale [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Harvard University [Cambridge], Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health [Baltimore], Johns Hopkins University (JHU), Catholic Relief Services [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (CRS), Catholic Relief Services [Baltimore] (CRS), and We are grateful for the support from the United States Agency for International Development (Grant No. AID-FFP-A-14-00008) implemented by Catholic Relief Services (CRS) in consortium with four local implementing partners in Madagascar. The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily the views and opinions of the United States Agency for International Development. We also thank the Wellcome Trust Our Planet, Our Health program (grant 106866/Z/15/Z) for providing funding to CM for this research.

Subjects
Environmental change, infectious disease, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, malaria, Distribution (economics), planetary health, Disease, migration, MESH: Madagascar, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, Environmental health, MESH: Child, disease ecology, MESH: Family Characteristics, MESH: Ecosystem, 030212 general & internal medicine, Clinical Study Protocol, education, Disease burden, 2. Zero hunger, education.field_of_study, Food security, MESH: Humans, business.industry, seasonality, 030503 health policy & services, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, lcsh:RA1-1270, food security, 15. Life on land, MESH: Nutritional Status, MESH: Male, General Social Survey, Geography, 13. Climate action, micronutrient nutrition, Observational study, Public Health, 0305 other medical science, business, MESH: Female
Abstract

International audience; Madagascar has experienced significant environmental change since 1960, particularly through forest clearing for agricultural expansion. Climatic patterns are undergoing change in Madagascar as well, with increasing temperatures, droughts, and cyclonic activity. The impact of these environmental and climatic changes will pose threats to food availability, income generation, and local ecosystems, with significant potential effects on the spatial and temporal distribution of disease burden. This study seeks to describe the health status of a large sample of geographically and socially diverse Malagasy communities through multiple clinical measurements, detailed social surveys, and paired data on regional variation in local ecologies. With an increased understanding of the current patterns of variation in human health and nutrition, future studies will be better able to identify associations with climate and anticipate and mitigate the burdens expected from larger, longer-term changes. Our mixed-method approach included an observational cross-sectional study. Research subjects were men, women, and children from 1,125 households evenly distributed across 24 communities in four ecologically and socio-demographically distinct regions of Madagascar. For these 1,125 households, all persons of both sexes and all ages therein (for a total of 6,292 individuals) were recruited into the research study and a total of 5,882 individuals were enrolled. Through repeated social survey recalls and focus group meetings, we obtained social and demographic data, including broad categories of seasonal movements, and characterized the fluctuation of income generation, food production and dietary consumption. Through collection of clinical and biological samples for both point-of-care diagnoses and laboratory analyses, we obtained detailed occurrence (and importantly co-occurrence) data on micronutrient nutritional, infectious disease, and non-communicable disease status. Our research highlights the highly variable social, cultural, and environmental contexts of health conditions in Madagascar, and the tremendous inter-regional, inter-community, and intra-community variation in nutritional and disease status. More than 30% of the surveyed population was afflicted by anemia and 14% of the population had a current malaria infection. This type of rich metadata associated with a suite of biological samples and nutritional and disease outcome data should allow disentangling some of the underlying drivers of ill health across the changing landscapes of Madagascar.

Published
2020

10. Variation in Anopheles distribution and predictors of malaria infection risk across regions of Madagascar

Author

Marcia C. Castro, Gauthier N. Emile, Romain Girod, Christopher D. Golden, Benjamin L. Rice, Hervet J. Randriamady, Nicholas J. Arisco, Luciano Michaël Tantely, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University [Cambridge], Unité d'Entomologie Médicale [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Madagascar Health and Environmental Research [Maroantsetra, Madagascar] (MAHERY), and We are grateful for the support from the United States Agency for International Development (Grant AID-FFP-A-14-00,008) implemented by Catholic Relief Services (CRS) in consortium with four local implementing partners in Madagascar. The views and opinions expressed in this paper are those of the authors and not necessarily the views and opinions of the United States Agency for International Development. GeoStore funds provided by Airbus Defense & Space (Grant AH08211501).

Subjects
Male, Environmental change, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Distribution (economics), MESH: Madagascar, 0302 clinical medicine, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, Risk Factors, Planetary health, MESH: Demography, MESH: Risk Factors, MESH: Child, Disease ecology, MESH: Animals, MESH: Ecosystem, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Land use change, Aged, 80 and over, MESH: Aged, 2. Zero hunger, MESH: Middle Aged, biology, Multilevel model, Anopheles, Middle Aged, MESH: Infant, Infectious Diseases, Geography, MESH: Young Adult, Child, Preschool, Female, MESH: Mosquito Vectors, Adult, MESH: Socioeconomic Factors, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Adolescent, lcsh:RC955-962, 030231 tropical medicine, MESH: Malaria, Mosquito Vectors, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, MESH: Anopheles, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, Deforestation, Environmental health, Vector-borne disease, parasitic diseases, medicine, Madagascar, Animals, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Socioeconomic status, Ecosystem, Aged, Demography, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Humans, business.industry, Research, MESH: Child, Preschool, MESH: Animal Distribution, Infant, MESH: Adult, 15. Life on land, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Male, Malaria, Cross-Sectional Studies, Socioeconomic Factors, Parasitology, business, Animal Distribution, MESH: Female
Abstract

Background Deforestation and land use change is widespread in Madagascar, altering local ecosystems and creating opportunities for disease vectors, such as the Anopheles mosquito, to proliferate and more easily reach vulnerable, rural populations. Knowledge of risk factors associated with malaria infections is growing globally, but these associations remain understudied across Madagascar’s diverse ecosystems experiencing rapid environmental change. This study aims to uncover socioeconomic, demographic, and ecological risk factors for malaria infection across regions through analysis of a large, cross-sectional dataset. Methods The objectives were to assess (1) the ecological correlates of malaria vector breeding through larval surveys, and (2) the socioeconomic, demographic, and ecological risk factors for malaria infection in four ecologically distinct regions of rural Madagascar. Risk factors were determined using multilevel models for the four regions included in the study. Results The presence of aquatic agriculture (both within and surrounding communities) is the strongest predictive factor of habitats containing Anopheles larvae across all regions. Ecological and socioeconomic risk factors for malaria infection vary dramatically across study regions and range in their complexity. Conclusions Risk factors for malaria transmission differ dramatically across regions of Madagascar. These results may help stratifying current malaria control efforts in Madagascar beyond the scope of existing interventions.

Published
2020

11. A chromosome-level assembly of the black tiger shrimp ( Penaeus monodon ) genome facilitates the identification of novel growth-associated genes

Author

Wirulda Pootakham, Kanchana Sittikankaew, Frédéric Tangy, Piroon Jenjaroenpun, Jasper J. Koehorst, Intawat Nookaew, Tanaporn Uengwetwanit, Wanilada Rungrassamee, Peter J. Schaap, Pacharaporn Angthong, Jutatip Khudet, Sopacha Arayamethakorn, Rungnapa Leelatanawit, Duangjai Sangsrakru, Vitor A. P. Martins dos Santos, Thidathip Wongsurawat, Chutima Sonthirod, Nitsara Karoonuthaisiri, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology [Thailand] (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency [Bangkok] (NSTDA), University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Shrimp Genetic Improvement Center [Thani, Thailand] (SGIC), National Science and Technology Development Agency [Bangkok] (NSTDA)-National Science and Technology Development Agency [Bangkok] (NSTDA), Department of Agrotechnology and Food Sciences [Wageningen], Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), Génomique virale et vaccination, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), This project was funded by National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC Platform No. P1651718), TDG Food and Feed program, National Science and Technology Development Agency (No. P1950419) and partially supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under the Marie Skłodowska-Curie grant agreement No 734486 (SAFE-Aqua)., Visiting Professor Program 2019 was awarded to Dr. Intawat Nookaew by the National Science and Technology Development Agency, Thailand., The authors acknowledge NSTDA Supercomputer Center (ThaiSC) for providing HPC resources that have contributed to the research results reported within this paper. We thank Ms. Somjai Wongtripop, Mr. Kaidtisak kaewlok and Shrimp Genetic Improvement Center (SGIC) members, as well as Ms. Sudtida Phuengwas (BIOTEC) for the shrimp sample collection., We acknowledge Zulema Dominguez (University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, USA) for technical assistance on comparative genome. We are grateful to Prof. Morakot Tanticharoen (NSTDA), Dr. Kanyawim Kirtikara (BIOTEC), Dr. Wonnop Visessanguan (BIOTEC) and Assoc Prof. Skorn Koonawootrittriron (Kasetsart University, Thailand) for their mentorship on the shrimp research programs., and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
growth-associated, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Sequence assembly, Computational biology, Genome, Penaeus monodon, 03 medical and health sciences, transcriptomics, Hi-C, 14. Life underwater, Black tiger shrimp, genes, Genome size, reference genome, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, Comparative genomics, Whole genome sequencing, PacBio, 0303 health sciences, biology, [SDV.BA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Animal biology, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Genome project, biology.organism_classification, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Reference genome
Abstract

The black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) is one of the most prominent farmed crustacean species with an average annual global production of 0.5 million tons in the last decade. To ensure sustainable and profitable production through genetic selective breeding programs, several research groups have attempted to generate a reference genome using short-read sequencing technology. However, the currently available assemblies lack the contiguity and completeness required for accurate genome annotation due to the highly repetitive nature of the genome and technical difficulty in extracting high-quality, high-molecular weight DNA in this species. Here, we report the first chromosome-level whole-genome assembly of P. monodon. The combination of long-read Pacific Biosciences (PacBio) and long-range Chicago and Hi-C technologies enabled a successful assembly of this first high-quality genome sequence. The final assembly covered 2.39 Gb (92.3% of the estimated genome size) and contained 44 pseudomolecules, corresponding to the haploid chromosome number. Repetitive elements occupied a substantial portion of the assembly (62.5%), highest of the figures reported among crustacean species. The availability of this high-quality genome assembly enabled the identification of novel genes associated with rapid growth in the black tiger shrimp through the comparison of hepatopancreas transcriptome of slow-growing and fast-growing shrimps. The results highlighted several gene groups involved in nutrient metabolism pathways and revealed 67 newly identified growth-associated genes. Our high-quality genome assembly provides an invaluable resource for accelerating the development of improved shrimp strain in breeding programs and future studies on gene regulations and comparative genomics.

Published
2020

12. Secondhand Smoking and Depressive Symptoms Among In-School Adolescents

Author

Louis Jacob, Ai Koyanagi, Sarah E Jackson, Lee Smith, Josep Maria Haro, Jae Il Shin, Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines - UFR Sciences de la santé Simone Veil (UVSQ Santé), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Anglia Ruskin University (ARU), University College of London [London] (UCL), ICREA Infection Biology Laboratory (Department of Experimental and Health Sciences), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, CDC: PI15/00862 World Health Organization, WHO Instituto de Salud Carlos III, ISCIII European Regional Development Fund, FEDER, This research was based on data from the Global School-Based Student Health Survey, which was made available for use by the Chronic Diseases and Health Promotion Department of the WHO and the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Ai Koyanagi's work is supported by the PI15/00862 project, integrated into the National R?+?D?+?I and funded by the ISCIII - General Branch Evaluation and Promotion of Health Research - and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF-FEDER). LJ contributed to the design of the study, undertook the statistical analysis, managed the literature searches, wrote the first draft of the manuscript, and contributed to the correction of the manuscript. LS, SEJ, JMH, and JIS contributed to the design of the study and the correction of the manuscript. AK contributed to the design of the study, undertook the statistical analysis, and contributed to the correction of the manuscript. All authors contributed to and have approved the final manuscript. The data sets supporting the conclusions of this article are available at www.cdc.gov. No financial disclosures were reported by the authors of this paper., and Ai Koyanagi's work is supported by the PI15/00862 project, integrated into the National R + D + I and funded by the ISCIII - General Branch Evaluation and Promotion of Health Research - and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF-FEDER).

Subjects
Male, Adolescent, Epidemiology, Cross-sectional study, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Developing country, Global Health, Logistic regression, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030225 pediatrics, Environmental health, Prevalence, Global health, Humans, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Students, Secondhand smoke, Developing Countries, Depressive symptoms, 2. Zero hunger, Schools, Depression, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Health Surveys, 3. Good health, Food insecurity, Cross-Sectional Studies, Secondhand smoking, Female, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, business
Abstract

International audience; Introduction: Smoking has been linked with depressive symptoms in adolescents, but data on secondhand smoking and depressive symptoms in low- and middle-income countries are scarce. Thus, this study analyzes the association between secondhand smoking and depressive symptoms among in-school adolescents from 22 low- and middle-income countries. Methods: Data from the 2003–2008 Global School-Based Student Health Survey were analyzed in June 2019. Data on past-week exposure to secondhand smoke and past-year depressive symptoms were collected. The association between secondhand smoke and depressive symptoms was studied using multivariable logistic regressions and meta-analyses. Results: The sample consisted of 37,505 adolescents aged 12–15 years who never smoked. The prevalence of depressive symptoms increased from 23.0% in adolescents with no secondhand smoking to 28.9% in those with secondhand smoking every day in the past week. After adjusting for sex, age, food insecurity, and country, there was a dose–response relationship between secondhand smoking and depressive symptoms in the overall sample (0 days: reference; 1–2 days: OR=1.06, 95% CI=0.95, 1.18; 3–6 days: OR=1.38, 95% CI=1.20, 1.58; 7 days: OR=1.63, 95% CI=1.44, 1.86). The country-wise analysis showed that secondhand smoking on at least 3 days (versus

Published
2020

13. Differences in motivations and social impacts across urban agriculture types: Case studies in Europe and the US

Author

Kathrin Specht, Rositsa T. Ilieva, Chris Blythe, Runrid Fox-Kämper, Victoria Schoen, Lidia Poniży, Agnès Lelièvre, Silvio Caputo, Caitlin K. Kirby, Jason K. Hawes, Nevin Cohen, Nebraska Wesleyan University (NWU), ILS - Research Institute for Regional and Urban Development (ILS - Research Institute for Regional and Urban Development), ILS - Research Institute for Regional and Urban Development, University of Michigan System, City University of New York [New York] (CUNY), University of Kent [Canterbury], Sciences pour l'Action et le Développement : Activités, Produits, Territoires (SADAPT), AgroParisTech-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań (UAM), Social Farms & Gardens, This paper is based on FEW-meter project, funded by ESRC, UK, grant number ES/S002170/2, by BMBF: Germany, grant number 01LF1801A, by ANR: France, grant number ANR-17-SUGI-0001-01, by NSF: USA, Belmont Forum 18929627, by NCN: Poland, grant no 2017/25/Z/HS4/03048, and by European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme (GA No 730254) under the JPI Urban Europe's call 'SUGI FWE Nexus'. The German-American Fulbright Commission also provided support for this project., and Elsevier

Subjects
Multivariate analysis, [SDV.SA.AGRO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Agronomy, 0211 other engineering and technologies, 02 engineering and technology, 010501 environmental sciences, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, 01 natural sciences, Multivariate analysis of variance, Urban farms, 11. Sustainability, General wellbeing, Urban agriculture, Socioeconomics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Nature and Landscape Conservation, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, Socialization, 1. No poverty, Social benefits, 021107 urban & regional planning, 15. Life on land, Health and wellbeing, Urban Studies, Geography, Survey data collection, Motivations, Community gardens, Allotment gardens
Abstract

International audience; Urban agriculture is an increasingly popular approach to addressing negative social and health effects of cities. Social benefits of urban agriculture include improved health and wellbeing, economic opportunities, social cohesion, and education. However, the extent to which urban agriculture participants are motivated by or experience these impacts has rarely been measured quantitatively, especially across the many different types of urban agriculture. We analyzed survey data from 74 urban agriculture sites in France, Germany, Poland, the United Kingdom, and the United States to quantitatively assess the relationships between urban agriculture types, farmers and gardeners' motivations, and the social impacts of urban agriculture. Through factor analysis, we established valid and reliable measurements of participants' motivations and impacts. We identified four scales: general wellbeing impacts, nutritional health impacts, economic interests, and socialization motivations. Through multivariate analysis of variance, we document significant differences in motivations and reported impacts across types of urban agriculture. Finally, we conducted a multilevel multivariate analysis to explore the predictors of general wellbeing impacts. Participants with stronger economic interests, stronger socialization motivations, and who are owners or primary operators of their plots would be predicted to report greater general wellbeing impacts of urban agriculture. These results provide data about the impacts of urban agriculture projects that enable urban planners and policymakers to maximize the desired social benefits of urban agriculture.

Published
2021

14. Expertise-based decision support for managing food quality in agri-food companies

Author

Clément Sipieter, Bernard Cuq, Jérôme Fortin, Patrice Buche, Ingénierie des Agro-polymères et Technologies Émergentes (UMR IATE), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Graphs for Inferences on Knowledge (GRAPHIK), Laboratoire d'Informatique de Robotique et de Microélectronique de Montpellier (LIRMM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM), Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria)-Institut National de Recherche en Informatique et en Automatique (Inria), The research leading to these results has received partial fundingfrom the CASDAR Docamex Programme from the French Ministry ofAgriculture (2016–2020). It has also benefited from preliminary worksperformed during one project with the Technical Centre of Cheeses inPoligny (CTFC) and two projects with French industrial partners. Theauthors would also like to thank the CTFC, who authorized us to presentin this paper some of the knowledge provided by their technical expertsand extracted from their knowledge base., Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Inria Sophia Antipolis - Méditerranée (CRISAM)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Decision support system, Knowledge management, Computer science, Interface (Java), Knowledge Acquisition and Representation, Horticulture, Decision support systems, 01 natural sciences, [INFO.INFO-AI]Computer Science [cs]/Artificial Intelligence [cs.AI], [INFO]Computer Science [cs], 2. Zero hunger, Functional specification, business.industry, Core ontology, Forestry, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, Computer Science Applications, Knowledge base, Conceptual graphs, Conceptual graph, 040103 agronomy & agriculture, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Mind map, Graph (abstract data type), business, Knowlegde extraction, Agronomy and Crop Science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; In many agri-food companies, food quality is often managed using expertise gained through experience. Overall quality enhancement may come from sharing collective expertise. In this paper, we describe the design and implementation of a complete methodology allowing an expert knowledge base to be created and used to recommend the technical action to take to maintain food quality. We present its functional specifications, defined in cooperation with several industrial partners and technical centres over the course of several projects carried out in recent years. We propose a systematic methodology for collecting the knowledge on a given food process, from the design of a questionnaire to the synthesis of the information from completed questionnaires using a mind map approach. We then propose an original core ontology for structuring knowledge as possible causal relationships between situations of interest. We describe how mind map files generated by mind map tools are automatically imported into a conceptual graph knowledge base, before being validated and finally automatically processed in a graph-based visual tool. A specific end-user interface has been designed to ensure that end-user experts in agri-food companies can use the tool in a convenient way. Finally, our approach is compared with current research.

Published
2019

15. Nitrogen cycling in monospecific and mixed-species plantations of Acacia mangium and Eucalyptus at 4 sites in Brazil

Author

Florence Tardy, Jean-Pierre Bouillet, Jean-Paul Laclau, Marcelo Zacharias Moreira, D.R.M. Caldeira, José Leonardo de Moraes Gonçalves, Fernando Palha Leite, Carolina B. Brandani, Maureen Voigtlaender, Ranieri Ribeiro Paula, Didier Brunet, Universidade de São Paulo (USP), Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho = São Paulo State University (UNESP), Ecologie fonctionnelle et biogéochimie des sols et des agro-écosystèmes (UMR Eco&Sols), Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centro de Energia Nuclear na Agricultura (CENA ), University of São Paulo (USP), Celulose Nipo-Brasileira SA (CENIBRA), Universidade Federal do Espirito Santo (UFES), Cenibra, International Paper, Suzano Papel e Celulose, SOERE F-ORE-T network, which is supported annually by Ecofor, Allenvi and the French National Research Infrastructure ANAEE-F, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), UMR Eco&Sols, University of Montpellier, Coordenação de Pesquisa Florestal, UFES, Universidade de São Paulo = University of São Paulo (USP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Département Performances des systèmes de production et de transformation tropicaux (Cirad-PERSYST), and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)

Subjects
Litière forestière, 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences, 01 natural sciences, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Acacia mangium, Tree mixtures, 2. Zero hunger, N 2 fixation, biology, Forestry, Plant litter, Plantation forestière, Eucalyptus, CONSORCIAÇÃO DE CULTURAS, Cycle de l'azote, Tropical plantations, Organic matter, P33 - Chimie et physique du sol, Eucalyptus grandis, Fixation de l'azote, Soil texture, Acacia, Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law, Litterfall, 010603 evolutionary biology, N-2 fixation, Culture en mélange, Eucalypt, Nature and Landscape Conservation, Nutrition, Forest floor, Topsoil, Soil organic matter, P35 - Fertilité du sol, Eucalyptus urophylla, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, K10 - Production forestière, F61 - Physiologie végétale - Nutrition, Agronomy, Environmental science, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

Made available in DSpace on 2019-10-06T15:31:04Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2019-03-15 Mixing N-fixing trees with eucalypts is an attractive option to improve the long-term soil N status in fast-growing plantations established in tropical soils. A randomized block design was replicated at four sites in Brazil to compare the biogeochemical cycles in mono-specific stands of Eucalyptus (100E) and Acacia mangium (100A) with mixed-species plantations in a proportion of 1:1 (50A50E). Our study aimed to assess the effects of introducing A. mangium trees in Eucalyptus plantations on atmospheric N 2 fixation, N cycling and soil organic matter stocks. Litterfall and soil N mineralization were measured over the last two years of the rotation (4–6 years after planting). Aboveground N accumulation in the trees and C and N stocks in the forest floor and in the top soil were intensively sampled at harvesting age. N 2 fixation rates were estimated using the natural abundance of 15 N as well as by the difference between total N stocks in 100A and 50A50E relative to 100E (accretion method). While the 15 N natural abundance method was unsuitable, the accretion method showed consistently across the four sites that atmospheric N fixation reached about 250 and 400 kg N ha −1 rotation −1 in 50A50E and 100A, respectively. Except at one site with high mortality, N contents within trees at harvesting were approximately 40% higher in 100A than in 100E. Mean N contents in litterfall and N mineralization rates were about 60% higher in 100A than in 100E, with intermediate values in 50A50E. The amounts of N in litterfall were much more dependent on soil N mineralization rates for acacia trees than for eucalypt trees. Soil C and N stocks were dependent on soil texture but not influenced by tree species. N budgets over a 6-year rotation were enhanced by about 65 kg N ha −1 yr −1 in 100A and 40 kg N ha −1 yr −1 in 50A50E relative to monospecific eucalypt plantations. Introducing N-fixing trees in eucalypt plantations might therefore contribute to reducing the need for mineral N fertilization in the long-term. USP ESALQ Forest Science Department UNESP Departamento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’ CIRAD UMR Eco&Sols Eco&Sols INRA CIRAD IRD Montpellier SupAgro University of Montpellier USP CENA, Av. Centenário, 303 CENIBRA Coordenação de Pesquisa Florestal, 35196-972 Belo Oriente Department of Forest Science and Wood UFES, 29550-000 Jerônimo Monteiro UNESP Departamento de Solos e Recursos Ambientais Universidade Estadual Paulista ‘Júlio de Mesquita Filho’

Published
2019

16. Structured peer-led diabetes self-management and support in a low-income country: The ST2EP randomised controlled trial in Mali

Author

Assa Traoré Sidibé, Stéphane Besançon, Cyril Ferdynus, Xavier Debussche, Hélène Delisle, Laetitia Huiart, Maryvette Balcou-Debussche, CHU Sud Saint Pierre [Ile de la Réunion], Centre d'Investigation Clinique de La Réunion - INSERM (CIC 1410), Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), ONG Santé Diabète, Institut Coopératif Austral de Recherche en Éducation (ICARE), Université de La Réunion (UR), Réseau des universités pour l'éducation à la santé (Réseau UNIRéS), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), CRSN/Faculté de médecine Université de Montréal, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de La Réunion (CHU La Réunion), Sciences Economiques et Sociales de la Santé & Traitement de l'Information Médicale (SESSTIM - U1252 INSERM - Aix Marseille Univ - UMR 259 IRD), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hopital Universitaire, This work was supported by the Bridges programme of the International Diabetes Federation. BRIDGES (Bringing Research in Diabetes to Global Environments and Systems) is a programme initiated by the International Diabetes Federation, and supported by an educational grant from Lilly Diabetes, https://www.idf.org/our-activities/epidemiology-research/bridges.html. The NGO Santé Diabète received the funding (https://santediabete.org/en, Director: SB). The funders were not involved in the study design, in the collection, analysis and interpretation of the data, as well as in the writing of the report and in the decision to submit the paper or preparation of the manuscript for publication. The authors were independent from study funders., and Univ, Réunion

Subjects
Male, Psychological intervention, lcsh:Medicine, Social Sciences, Type 2 diabetes, Human learning, Mali, Biochemistry, Vascular Medicine, law.invention, Geographical Locations, 0302 clinical medicine, Endocrinology, Learning and Memory, Diabetes mellitus, Randomized controlled trial, law, Health care, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Medicine and Health Sciences, Diabetes diagnosis and management, Psychology, 030212 general & internal medicine, lcsh:Science, 2. Zero hunger, Multidisciplinary, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Health education and awareness, Blood pressure, Female, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Waist, HbA1c, Patients, Endocrine Disorders, 030209 endocrinology & metabolism, Peer Group, 03 medical and health sciences, Patient Education as Topic, medicine, Learning, Humans, Hemoglobin, Developing Countries, Glycated Hemoglobin, Biology and life sciences, business.industry, Self-Management, lcsh:R, Cognitive Psychology, Proteins, Peer group, medicine.disease, Diagnostic medicine, Health Care, Self Care, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Metabolic Disorders, People and Places, Africa, Physical therapy, Cognitive Science, lcsh:Q, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Patient education, Neuroscience
Abstract

Objectives Our objective was to evaluate the effectiveness of peer-led self-management education in improving glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes in a low-income country (Mali). Methods We conducted an open-label randomised controlled trial. A total of 151 adults (76% women, mean age 52.5) with type 2 diabetes (HbA1c≥8%), treated in the diabetes consultation units of two secondary health centres in Bamako, were allocated to peer-led structured patient education (n = 76) or conventional care alone (n = 75). The intervention group received 1 year of culturally tailored structured patient education (3 courses of 4 sessions) delivered in the community by five trained peer educators. Both groups underwent conventional diabetes monitoring and follow-up. Primary outcome was the mean absolute change in HbA1c from baseline to 12 months. Results 177 education sessions were delivered to the intervention group. Patient attrition was 8%. From baseline to 12 months, the decrease in HbA1c levels was 1.05% (SD = 2.0; CI95%: 1.54;-0.56) in the intervention group compared with 0.15% (SD = 1.7; CI95%: -0.56; 0.26) in the control group, p = 0.006. Mean BMI change was -1.65 kg/m2 (SD = 2.5; CI95%: -2.25; -1.06) in the intervention group and +0.05 kg/m2 (SD = 3.2; CI95%: -0.71; 0.81) in the control group, p = 0.0005. Mean waist circumference decreased by 3.34 cm (SD = 9.3; CI95%: -5.56;-1.13) in the intervention group and increased by 2.65 cm (SD = 10.3; CI95%: 0.20; 5.09) in the control group, p = 0.0003. Conclusions Peer-led structured patient education delivered over 1 year to patients with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes in Mali yielded substantial improvements in glycaemic control and anthropometric parameters. This is of importance for the scaling up of efficient interventions in low-resource settings in the future. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01485913

Published
2018

17. Forests and global change: what can genetics contribute to the major forest management and policy challenges of the twenty-first century?

Author

Arantxa Prada, Joan Cottrell, Santiago C. González-Martínez, Bart Muys, Lennart Ackzell, Ricardo Alía, Bruno Fady, Ecologie des Forêts Méditerranéennes (URFM), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Forest Research, Northern Research Station, The Roslin Institute, Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC)-Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council (BBSRC), Federation of Swedish Family Forest Owners, Partenaires INRAE, Centro de Investigacion Forestal (INIA-CIFOR), Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria = National Institute for Agricultural and Food Research and Technology (INIA), European Forest Institute (EFI), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), General Directorate for Environment, Centro de Tecnologías Físicas [Universitat Politècnica de València], Universitat Politècnica de València (UPV), This paper stems from the work of the stakeholder panel of the EU supported EraNet BiodivERsA project 'Linking genetic variability with ecological responses to environmental changes: forest trees as model systems (LinkTree)' whose financial help is acknowledged. BF wishes to thank the French 'Commission des ressources genetiques forestieres (http://agriculture.gouv.fr/conservation-des-ressources)' (CRGF) and EUFORGEN (http://www.euforgen.org/) for insightful discussions. SCG-M acknowledges receipt of a Senior Marie Curie Intra European Fellowship within the 7th European Community Framework Programme (PIEF-GA-2012-328146) at the Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Lausanne, Switzerland, European Project: 328146,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2012-IEF,SEX-NGS(2013), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Forest Research, Northern Research Station, European Forest Institute = Institut Européen de la Forêt = Euroopan metsäinstituutti (EFI), and Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL)

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Environmental change, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, media_common.quotation_subject, Forest management, Climate change, Context (language use), adaptation, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Adaptability, Ecosystem services, assisted migration, Resilience (network), media_common, 2. Zero hunger, Genetics, Global and Planetary Change, business.industry, Environmental resource management, genetic diversity, 15. Life on land, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, sustainable forestry, climate change, gene conservation, 13. Climate action, Sustainability, Business, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract

International audience; The conservation and sustainable use of forests in the twenty-first century pose huge challenges for forest management and policy. Society demands that forests provide a wide range of ecosystem services, from timber products, raw materials and renewable energy to sociocultural amenities and habitats for nature conservation. Innovative management and policy approaches need to be developed to meet these often-conflicting demands in a context of environmental change of uncertain magnitude and scale. Genetic diversity is a key component of resilience and adaptability. Overall, forest tree populations are genetically very diverse, conferring them an enormous potential for genetic adaptation via the processes of gene flow and natural selection. Here, we review the main challenges facing our forests in the coming century and focus on how recent progress in genetics can contribute to the development of appropriate practical actions that forest managers and policy makers can adopt to promote forest resilience to climate change. Emerging knowledge will inform and clarify current controversies relating to the choice of appropriate genetic resources for planting, the effect of silvicultural systems and stand tending on adaptive potential and the best ways to harness genetic diversity in breeding and conservation programs. Gaps in our knowledge remain, and we identify where additional information is needed (e.g., the adaptive value of peripheral populations or the genetic determinism of key adaptive traits) and the types of studies that are required to provide this key understanding.

Published
2015

18. Integrated Analysis of Environment, Cattle and Human Serological Data: Risks and Mechanisms of Transmission of Rift Valley Fever in Madagascar

Author

Annelise Tran, Vladimir Grosbois, Jean-Pierre Ravalohery, Fanjasoa Rakotomanana, Jean-Michel Heraud, Soa Fy Andriamandimby, Christophe Rogier, Seta Andriamamonjy, Véronique Chevalier, Benoit Durand, Marie-Marie Olive, Animal et gestion intégrée des risques (UPR AGIRs), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Unité de Virologie [Antananarivo, Madagascar] (IPM), Institut Pasteur de Madagascar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Laboratoire de santé animale, sites de Maisons-Alfort et de Dozulé, Agence nationale de sécurité sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES), Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), This study was supported in part by funds raised by (i) CIRAD (ii) the Centre National d'Etudes Spatiales (CNES, grant # 131163/00) (iii) the Institut Pasteur de Madagascar. Human field work was funded by the Institut Pasteur of Madagascar (Internal Project through the ZORA (ZOonoses, Rodent and Arboviruses) project and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC, and Cooperative Agreement #U51/IP000327). Moreover, this material is based upon work supported by the U. S. Department of Homeland Security under the Center of Excellence of Emerging and Zoonotic Animal Diseases Grant Award Number 2010-ST061-AG0001. Cattle study was supported in part by funds raised by World Health Organization (WHO) and the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) through the Central Emergency Response Fund of the United Nations. The views and conclusions contained in this paper are those of the authors and should not be interpreted as necessarily representing the official policies, either explicit or implicit, of the U. S. Department of Homeland Security. The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.

Subjects
Veterinary medicine, Epidemiology, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, law.invention, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Analyse du risque, MESH: Cattle Diseases, MESH: Animals, Neglected tropical diseases, Mammals, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, MESH: Middle Aged, 000 - Autres thèmes, Fièvre de la Vallée du Rift, Anopheles, Ruminants, 3. Good health, Transmission (mechanics), MESH: Young Adult, Densité de population, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Enzootic, Infectious diseases, L72 - Organismes nuisibles des animaux, Genre humain, Bétail, Livestock, lcsh:RC955-962, MESH: Culex, Microbiology, MESH: Anopheles, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Cross-Sectional Studies, Madagascar, MESH: Humans, MESH: Seroepidemiologic Studies, Tropical diseases, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Organisms, lcsh:RA1-1270, MESH: Adult, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, 15. Life on land, medicine.disease, Invertebrates, Insect Vectors, 030104 developmental biology, Africa, Cattle, MESH: Female, MESH: Antibodies, Viral, 0301 basic medicine, RNA viruses, Cattle Diseases, Disease Vectors, L73 - Maladies des animaux, Mosquitoes, Serology, Geographical Locations, MESH: Madagascar, law, Zoonoses, Facteur de risque, Bunyaviruses, Medicine and Health Sciences, MESH: Rift Valley Fever, Comportement humain, Rift Valley fever, 2. Zero hunger, biology, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Agriculture, Facteur du milieu, Medical microbiology, Insects, MESH: Cattle, Vecteur de maladie, Vertebrates, Viruses, MESH: Rift Valley fever virus, Seasons, Pathogens, Research Article, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Zone humide, Arthropoda, Distribution géographique, Culex, 030231 tropical medicine, Viral diseases, MESH: Insect Vectors, Virus de la fièvre de la vallée du Rift, Sérologie, Bovines, medicine, Seroprevalence, Animals, MESH: Environment, Transmission des maladies, Biology and life sciences, Viral pathogens, Morbidité, biology.organism_classification, Rift Valley fever virus, MESH: Male, Microbial pathogens, Amniotes, People and Places, Earth Sciences, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie
Abstract

Background Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a vector-borne disease affecting ruminants and humans. Madagascar was heavily affected by RVF in 2008–2009, with evidence of a large and heterogeneous spread of the disease. The identification of at-risk environments is essential to optimize the available resources by targeting RVF surveillance in Madagascar. Herein, the objectives of our study were: (i) to identify the environmental factors and areas favorable to RVF transmission to both cattle and human and (ii) to identify human behaviors favoring human infections in Malagasy contexts. Methodology/Principal Findings First, we characterized the environments of Malagasy communes using a Multiple Factor Analysis (MFA). Then, we analyzed cattle and human serological data collected at national level using Generalized Linear Mixed Models, with the individual serological status (cattle or human) as the response, and MFA factors, as well as other potential risk factors (cattle density, human behavior) as explanatory variables. Cattle and human seroprevalence rates were positively associated to humid environments (p, Author Summary Rift Valley fever virus (RVFV) is a pathogen that causes a vector-borne tropical disease. The disease affects ruminants and humans and severely impacts the health and economy of affected countries. Madagascar was heavily affected by Rift Valley fever (RVF) in 2008–2009, with evidence of a large and heterogeneous spread of the disease. Our study aims at identifying environmental and human-related risk factors for RVFV transmission. First, we characterized Malagasy environments according to their putative influence on RVFV mosquito density and population dynamics. Then we statistically analyzed cattle and human serological data collected at a national level with the individual serological status as response, and Malagasy environments previously characterized by climatic and landscape variables as well as other potential risk factors as explanatory variables. Our results identified humid environments of the western, north-western and eastern parts of the island as risky areas. The identification of at-risk environments is essential to focus veterinary surveillance and control of RVFV.

Published
2016

19. Stability and bioaccessibility of anthocyanins in bakery products enriched with anthocyanins

Author

Sibel Karakaya, Marisa Sanz-Buenhombre, Sebnem Simsek, Adrienn Hegyi, Sedef Nehir El, Blanca Viadel, Didier Dupont, Beatriz Pérez, Alberto Guadarrama Rodriguez, Zsófia Kertész, Alper Tolga Eker, Carlos Pineda-Vadillo, Alessandra Bordoni, Karakaya, Sibel, Simsek, Sebnem, Eker, Alper Tolga, Pineda Vadillo, Carlo, Dupont, Didier, Perez, Beatriz, Viadel, Blanca, Sanz Buenhombre, Marisa, Rodriguez, Alberto Guadarrama, Kertész, Zsófia, Hegyi, Adrienn, Bordoni, Alessandra, Sedef Nehir, El, Department of Food Engineering, Nutrition Section, Ege university, Science et Technologie du Lait et de l'Oeuf (STLO), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Ainia Technology Center, Technology Park of Valencia, AbroBiotec S.L. Ctra. San Bernardo S/N. 47359, Valbuena de Duero, Campden BRI Hungary Ltd, Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna (UNIBO), European Union Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007–2013) under grant agreement no. 311876: Fig. 2 Retention of AC stored 21 days at room temperature and −20 °C. Bun RT: bun stored at room temperature, Bun F: bun stored at −20 °C, biscuit RT: biscuit stored at room temperature, biscuit F: biscuit stored at −20 °C. a–c Different letters in the same group represent statistical differences (p < 0.05). Paper Food & Function Food Funct. This journal is © The Royal Society of Chemistry 2016 Published on 04 July 2016. Downloaded by Ege Universitesi on 25/07/2016 11:58:24. View Article Online PATHWAY-27 (Pivotal assessment of the effects of bioactives on health and wellbeing. From human genome to food industry). Eminol® composition analyses were performed by the Plateforme Polyphénols INRA UMR-SPO in Montpellier (France)., and Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)

Subjects
Taste, digestion, cyanin, human health, Anthocyanins, Matrix (chemical analysis), chemistry.chemical_compound, Glucosides, Functional Food, Salmonella, Surveys and Questionnaires, [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Vitis, Cooking, Food science, bioaccessibilité, complément alimentaire, 2. Zero hunger, anthocyane, Chemistry, Bread, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, General Medicine, santé humaine, 040401 food science, Malvidin, bakery, Docosahexaenoic acid, Food, Fortified, Docosahexaenoic Acids, Food storage, Biological Availability, Food Contamination, produit de boulangerie, polyphénol, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, compléméntation, Escherichia coli, Food microbiology, Plant Extracts, Polyphenols, Consumer Behavior, Listeria monocytogenes, Anthocyanins, bakery products, flavonoids, sensory perception, Food Storage, Polyphenol, Anthocyanin, Food Microbiology, boulangerie, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, Food Analysis, Food Science
Abstract

Anthocyanins, water soluble polyphenols, have been associated with several beneficial health effects. The aim of this study was to determine how the baking process and food matrix affect anthocyanin stability and bioaccessibility in bakery products in order to develop functional foods. Three well known regularly consumed bakery products (buns, breadsticks and biscuits) were enriched with anthocyanin (AC) isolated from grape skin alone or in combination with docosahexaenoic acid (AC + DHA) to reveal knowledge on AC as active ingredients in real food systems rather than pure compounds. Anthocyanin amounts added to the formulations of buns, breadsticks and biscuits were 34 mg per 100 g, 40 mg per 100 g and 37 mg per 100 g, respectively. The effect of processing, storage and the food matrix on AC stability and bioaccessibility was investigated. In addition, the sensory properties of bakery products were evaluated. Breadsticks enriched with AC and AC + DHA received the lowest scores in the pre-screening sensory test. Therefore breadsticks were excluded from further analysis. AC retentions, which were monitored by determination of malvidin 3-O-glucoside, in the bun and biscuit after baking were 95.9% (13.6 mg per 100 g) and 98.6% (15.2 mg per 100 g), respectively. Biscuits and buns enriched only with AC showed significantly higher anthocyanin bioaccessibilities (57.26% and 57.30%, respectively) than the same ones enriched with AC + DHA. AC stability in enriched products stored for 21 days was significantly lower than in products stored for 7 days (p < 0.05). However, this loss can be accepted as negligible since more than 70% of AC was retained in all the products.

Published
2016

20. Deciphering Corporate Governance and Environmental Commitments among Southeast Asian Transnationals: Uptake of Sustainability Certification

Author

Norfaryanti Kamaruddin, Jean-Marc Roda, Rafael Palhiarim Tobias, Centre d'Etudes en Sciences Sociales sur les Mondes Africains, Américains et Asiatiques (CESSMA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Nord]), Institute of Tropical Forestry & Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Forest Research Institute of Malaysia (FRIM), FRIM, BioWooEB (UPR BioWooEB), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), CIFOR, member of the CGIAR 'Research Programme 6 Forests, Trees and Agroforestry', as well as CIRAD, Universiti Putra Malaysia (INTROP), and the ANR SPOP project co-funded the study, which leads to this paper., and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Université de Montpellier (UM)

Subjects
jel:D85, certification des forêts, forêt tropicale, Économie forestière, Développement agricole, jel:F02, oil palm, forest, E14 - Économie et politique du développement, investment strategy, Sustainability organizations, Elaeis guineensis, jel:Q23, network analysis, 2. Zero hunger, Transaction cost, Utilisation des terres, competitiveness, Corporate governance, Environmental resource management, Marché, Forestry, E71 - Commerce international, jel:L73, [SHS.ECO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Economics and Finance, Southeast Asia,oil palm,forest,transnationals,investment strategy,emerging markets,competitiveness,network analysis,network metrics,ethnic business,ownership structure, Southeast Asia, protection de la forêt, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, jel:Q13, ethnic business, Mondialisation, Exploitation agricole familiale, Southeast asian, Petite exploitation agricole, jel:F23, Bois, Globalization, jel:Q01, Emerging markets, Durabilité, Agribusiness, emerging markets, business.industry, Southeast Asia, oil palm, forest, transnationals, investment strategy, emerging markets, competitiveness, network analysis, network metrics, ethnic business, ownership structure, family business. agribusiness, transnationals, Corporation transnationale, network metrics, Analyse économique, lcsh:QK900-989, 15. Life on land, jel:G32, K10 - Production forestière, Protection de l'environnement, Sustainability, lcsh:Plant ecology, jel:L14, Economic system, ownership structure, business
Abstract

International audience; Promoting tropical forest sustainability among corporate players is a major challenge. Many tools have been developed, but without much success. Southeast Asia has become a laboratory of globalization processes, where the development and success of agribusiness transnationals raises questions about their commitment to environmental concerns. An abundance of literature discusses what determines the behavior of Asian corporations, with a particular emphasis on cultural factors. Our hypothesis is that financial factors, such as ownership structure, may also have a fundamental role. We analyzed the audited accounts of four major Asian agribusiness transnationals. Using network analysis, we deciphered how the 931 companies relate to each other and determine the behavior of the transnationals to which they belong. We compared various metrics with the environmental commitment of these transnationals. We found that ownership structures reflect differences in flexibility, control and transaction costs, but not in ethnicities. Capital and its control, ownership structure, and flexibility explain 97% of the environmental behavior. It means that existing market-based tools to promote environmental sustainability do not engage transnationals at the scale where most of their behavior is determined. For OPEN ACCESS Forests 2015, 6 1455 the first time, the inner mechanisms of corporate governance are unraveled in agricultural and forest sustainability. New implications such as the convergence of environmental sustainability with family business sustainability emerged.

Published
2015

21. A fed-batch based cultivation mode in Escherichia coli results in improved specific activity of a novel chimeric-truncated form of tissue plasminogen activator

Author

Fatemeh Davami, Farzaneh Barkhordari, R.M. Godarzi, S. Enayati, Fereidoun Mahboudi, Biotechnology Research Center, Institut Pasteur d'Iran, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), This paper was supported by a grant from the Pasteur Institute of Iran, Fereidoun Mahboud, Farzaneh Barkhordari, Reza Moazami Godarzi, Somayeh Enayati, and Fatemeh Davami

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Recombinant Fusion Proteins, fed-batch cultivation, Biology, medicine.disease_cause, 01 natural sciences, Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, law.invention, tissue-type plasminogen activator, 03 medical and health sciences, Affinity chromatography, Fibrinolytic Agents, law, 010608 biotechnology, Escherichia coli expression, medicine, Protein biosynthesis, Escherichia coli, Potency, Animals, [INFO.INFO-BT]Computer Science [cs]/Biotechnology, 030304 developmental biology, Sequence Deletion, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, General Medicine, specific activity, Molecular biology, Batch Cell Culture Techniques, Tissue Plasminogen Activator, Recombinant DNA, Specific activity, Expression cassette, Plasminogen activator, Biotechnology
Abstract

International audience; AIMS: A novel chimeric-truncated form of t-PA with improved fibrin affinity and resistance to PAI was successfully produced in CHO expression system during our previous studies. Considering advantages of prokaryotic expression systems, the aim in this study was to produce the novel protein in E.coli (BL21) strain and compare the protein potency in batch and fed-batch processes. METHODS AND RESULTS: The expression cassette for the novel t-PA was prepared in pET-28a(+). The E.coli expression procedure was compared in traditional batch and newly developed fed batch; EnBase® Flo system. The protein was purified in soluble format and potency results were identified using Chromolize t-PA assay kit. The fed-batch fermentation mode, coupled with a Ni-NTA affinity purification procedure under native condition resulted in higher amounts of soluble protein, and about a 30% of improvement in the specific activity of the resulted recombinant protein (46.66 IU mg(-1) ) compared to traditional batch mode (35.8 IU mg(-1) ). CONCLUSIONS: Considering the undeniable advantages of expression in the prokaryotic expression systems such as E.coli for recombinant protein production, applying alternative methods of cultivation is a promising approach. In this study, fed-batch cultivation methods showed the potential to replace miss folded formats of protein with proper folded, soluble form with improved potency. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF STUDY: E.coli expression of recombinant proteins, still counts for nearly 40% of marketed biopharmaceuticals. The major drawback of this system is the lack of appropriate post translational modifications, which may cause potency loss/decline. Therefore, applying alternative methods of cultivation as investigated here is a promising approach to overcome potency decrease problem in this protein production system. © 2012The Authors Journal of Applied Microbiology © 2012 The Society for Applied Microbiology.

Published
2012

22. Spatiotemporal dynamics of forage and water resources shape space use of West African savanna buffaloes

Author

Georges Janeau, Nicolas Morellet, Marie-Noël De Visscher, Simon Benhamou, Daniel Cornélis, Moumouni Ouedraogo, Animal et gestion intégrée des risques (UPR AGIRs), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Unité de recherche Comportement et Ecologie de la Faune Sauvage (CEFS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Département Productions Forestières (D.P.F.), INERA-CNRST, This study was funded by the French National Research Agency (ANR Mobility program). Buffalo captures were carried out with the financial support of the European Union (ECOPAS Program) and the International Foundation for the Conservation of Wildlife (IGF-France). We sincerely thank the WRP board for allowing us to conduct this study within the park, veterinarians P. Chardonnet, L. Ouattara, and A. Caron, and J.-M. Angibault, C. Paolini, A. K. Samna, the WRP rangers, and the Niger and Burkina Faso Air Forces for their invaluable support during capture sessions. We also warmly thank G. Cumming, S. Chamaille, and H. Fritz, and associate editor D. Van Vuren and 2 anonymous referees, for their comments on a previous draft of this paper., Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut de l'Environnement et Recherches Agricoles [Ouagadougou] (INERA), Centre national de la recherche scientifique et technologique [Ouagadougou] (CNRST)-Centre national de la recherche scientifique et technologique [Ouagadougou] (CNRST), and Cornelis, Daniel

Subjects
0106 biological sciences, Range (biology), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], habitat, habitat selection, 01 natural sciences, behavioral plasticity, Dry season, Dynamique des populations, foraging, home range, normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), space use, Syncerus, caffer brachyceros, West African savanna buffalo, zoology, Savane, 2. Zero hunger, Ecology, biology, Fourrage, savane africaine, Système de positionnement global, Variation saisonnière, Geography, Habitat, besoin en eau, L20 - Écologie animale, P01 - Conservation de la nature et ressources foncières, Wet season, Buffle africain, Distribution géographique, Home range, Foraging, Context (language use), 010603 evolutionary biology, Conservation des ressources, eau, Genetics, Adaptation, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Cape buffalo, Nature and Landscape Conservation, L02 - Alimentation animale, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Migration animale, L60 - Taxonomie et géographie animales, Distribution spatiale, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, masse corporelle, Animal Science and Zoology, Écologie animale, Comportement animal, Index de végétation
Abstract

International audience; We investigated space-use patterns of the West African savanna buffalo (Syncerus caffer brachyceros), a little-studied subspecies occurring at the northern limit of the African buffalo's geographical range. This buffalo generally ranges in small herds (about 45 individuals) and has a low body mass (approximately 400 kg) relative to the Cape buffalo (S. c. caffer). We monitored the movements of 7 breeding herds in W Regional Park (Burkina Faso, Benin, Niger) using global positioning system collars and activity data loggers. Habitat selection was analyzed at both large (interseasonal) and small (intraseasonal) scales in a context where resources are segregated spatially at some times of year. Both biotic (primary production and vegetation types) and abiotic (timing of rainfall and surface water) covariates, and the extent to which neighboring herds shared space, were considered. In the dry season buffalo herds ranged close (within 5.3 +/- 2.0 km, mean +/- SD) to segments of permanent rivers. At the onset of the monsoon all herds but 1 (which had year-round access to suitable resources) performed a large (35 +/- 10 km) directional movement in response to a large-scale gradient of primary production. Spatiotemporal dynamics of forage and water resources thus jointly stimulated interseasonal directional movements and shaped large (335 +/- 167 km(2)) annual home ranges. Furthermore, the establishment of home ranges in the wet season appears to be conditioned by a threshold (about 10%) in the availability of perennial grasses. Habitat-selection analysis at intraseasonal scale also underlines the key role played by perennial grasses for buffaloes. The spatial arrangements of home ranges of neighboring herds also suggest that interherd behavioral avoidance is a high-level constraint on foraging processes. The ability of the African buffalo to cope with contrasting environmental conditions throughout most sub-Saharan ecosystems highlights the high behavioral plasticity of this species.

Published
2011

23. Availability of essential amino acids, nutrient utilisation and growth in juvenile black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon, following fishmeal replacement by plant protein

Author

Sadasivam Kaushik, Vincent Rigolet, Anne Surget, Inge Geurden, Lenaïg Richard, Nutrition, Métabolisme, Aquaculture (NUMEA), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Aqualma, UNIMA, and The authors acknowledge Frederic Terrier and Peyo Aguirre for their help during diet manufacturing and to Marie Jo Borthaire and Vincent Michel for assistance with the laboratory analyses. Special thanks are due to Christian Ramamonjisoa (Aqualma facility) for his technical assistance. L. R., S. K. and I. G designed the study. L. R. did the data analysis. L. R., S. K. and I. G contributed to the drafting of the paper. A. S. did the AA analyses. L. R. and V. R. contributed to the organisation of the experiment in Madagascar. There are no contractual agreements for the presented data which might cause conflicts of interest. The authors acknowledge UNIMA and institutional funds from INRA for funding this study and ANRT (France) for the scholarship to L.R. (CIFRE PhD Research Grant).

Subjects
Aquatic Science, Penaeus monodon, 03 medical and health sciences, Nutrient, Fish meal, Animal science, plant protein, farine de poisson, Dry matter, 030304 developmental biology, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, Meal, biology, fishmeal, fungi, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, biology.organism_classification, Shrimp, Biochemistry, Plant protein, digestibility, fisheries, [SDV.SA.STP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences/Sciences and technics of fishery, 040102 fisheries, 0401 agriculture, forestry, and fisheries, Corn gluten meal, shrimp, marine and freshwater biology, amino acid, penaeus monodon
Abstract

International audience; Two trials with juvenile black tiger shrimp (Penaeus monodon) were undertaken to study the effects of replacing fishmeal by different levels of plant proteins on growth performances and nutrient utilisation of shrimp in semi-intensive conditions (Expt. 1) and on the availability of dietary nitrogen (N) and amino acids (Expt. 2). Five isoproteic diets (on crude protein basis) were formulated to contain 34, 24, 16, 8, or 0% fishmeal, with fishmeal being replaced by a mixture of plant protein (corn gluten meal, wheat gluten, and rapeseed meal). In Expt. 1, the shrimp (initial body weight, IBW 1.5 ± 0.1 g) were reared in earthen ponds for 144 days and fed one of the experimental diets. Apparent digestibility of nutrients and AA were assessed in Expt. 2, using 150 L tanks and shrimp of 12.8 ± 0.4 g IBW. After 144 days in grow-out ponds, shrimp fed the diet with 24% of fishmeal had similar growth as those fed the control diet containing 34% fishmeal (0% replacement). When 50% or more of the fishmeal were replaced, weight gain as well as N and energy gains significantly decreased. Digestibility of dry matter, protein and energy was also significantly lower in all fishmeal-replaced diets. In particular, leucine digestibility decreased by 26% at 100% replacement, which was significantly correlated to an increased incorporation of corn gluten meal. Our data confirm the need to improve our knowledge on AA availability and raw material quality in order to improve fishmeal replacement in P. monodon diets.

Published
2011

24. Comparison of the Effects of Two Herbicides and an Insecticide on Tropical Freshwater Plankton in Microcosms

Author

Philippe Cecchi, Laurence Amalric, Christophe Leboulanger, G. Sarazin, Agnès Bouchez, Marc Bouvy, Marc Pagano, Claire Carré, Ecosystèmes lagunaires : organisation biologique et fonctionnement (ECOLAG), Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de géochimie des Eaux (LGE), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Centre Alpin de Recherche sur les Réseaux Trophiques et Ecosystèmes Limniques (CARRTEL), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry]), Cyanobactéries des milieux aquatiques tropicaux peu profonds. Rôles et contrôles (CYROCO), This paper is a contribution to the ECOMET project, funded by the French Ministry of Ecology, Energy, Sustainable Development, and Sea (MEEDDM), grant no. CV070000783. The authors would like to thank the Forestry and Agriculture Office at Mamoudzou (DAF Mayotte) and SOGEA-Mayotte for their help with fieldwork. We are grateful to the staff of the Gite du Mont Combani for their support during our stay. Anonymous referees are acknowledged for improvement of an earlier version of the manuscript., and Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)

Subjects
Paraquat, 0106 biological sciences, Insecticides, Food Chain, Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Biology, 01 natural sciences, Zooplankton, Fenitrothion, chemistry.chemical_compound, Phytoplankton, Animals, Biomass, Mozambique, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 2. Zero hunger, Herbicides, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, fungi, General Medicine, Bacterioplankton, Plankton, Pesticide, environmental monitoring/analysis, Pollution, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, 6. Clean water, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Diuron, Environmental chemistry, environmental sciences and ecology, Microcosm, natural plankton communities, tropical freshwater reservoir, Water Pollutants, Chemical, Environmental Monitoring, toxicology
Abstract

International audience; Natural plankton communities from a tropical freshwater reservoir (Combani Reservoir, Mayotte Island, Mozambique Channel) were exposed, in 20-l nutrient-enriched microcosms, to two nominal concentrations of three pesticides: the herbicides diuron (2.2 and 11 mu g/l) and paraquat (10 and 40.5 mu g/l) and the insecticide fenitrothion (10 and 100 mu g/l), commonly used in the tropics for agriculture and disease vector control. Bacterioplankton, phytoplankton, and zooplankton communities were monitored for 5 days after exposure, and the concentrations of toxicant and major nutrients were measured. Bacterioplankton growth was noticeable in all systems and was slightly affected by pesticide at any concentration. A transitory increase in thymidine-based bacterial production was observed in diuron- and fenitrothion-treated microcosms, followed by a marked decrease in all microcosms after 5 days. The functional diversity of bacterioplankton, evaluated using BIOLOG ECO (R) microplates, was reduced by exposure to the highest pesticide concentrations. Phytoplankton was affected by pesticides in different ways. Chlorophyll biomass and biovolumes were increased by diuron addition and decreased by paraquat, whereas fenitrothion-treated microcosms remained unaffected relative to controls. Phytoplankton taxonomic diversity was decreased by paraquat and high doses of fenitrothion but was unaffected by addition of diuron. The decrease in diversity was due to a reduction in the number of species, whereas the density of small cells increased, especially after addition of paraquat. Heterotrophic flagellates were sensitive to paraquat and to the highest diuron concentration; a reduction in biomass of up to 90% was observed for 40.5 mu g/l paraquat. Zooplankton, dominated by Thermocyclops decipiens and Diaphanosoma excisum, was slightly sensitive to diuron, and very sensitive to paraquat. High concentrations of the insecticide fenitrothion were effective only on young stages. The potential direct and indirect effects of pesticide contamination on such a simplified plankton food web, typical of newly constructed reservoirs, appear to differ significantly depending on the biological compartment considered. The overall sensitivity of tropical plankton is comparable to the sensitivity for temperate systems, and direct and indirect effects appeared rapidly, within 5 days of exposure.

Published
2011

25. Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains associated with food poisoning outbreaks in France

Author

Jacques-Antoine Hennekinne, Annaëlle Kerouanton, L. Petit, C. Letertre, Anne Brisabois, O. Chesneau, M.L. De Buyser, Agence Française de Sécurité Sanitaire des Aliments (AFSSA), Agents antibactériens, Institut Pasteur [Paris], We acknowledge the technical assistance of Trinh Tam Dao, Marie-Odile Delbart, Muriel Marault, and Anne Morvan. We dedicate this paper to the memory of Névine El Solh who contributed to the phage-typing and who passed away in January 2005., and Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)

Subjects
Salmonella, Enterotoxin, MESH: Base Sequence, medicine.disease_cause, SmaI, Disease Outbreaks, MESH: Genotype, Enterotoxins, Genotype, MESH: Staphylococcus aureus, MESH: Enterotoxins, Cluster Analysis, MESH: Disease Outbreaks, MESH: Phylogeny, Phylogeny, 2. Zero hunger, 0303 health sciences, General Medicine, PFGE, 3. Good health, Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Phenotype, MESH: Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field, Staphylococcus aureus, MESH: Staphylococcal Food Poisoning, France, Staphylococcal Food Poisoning, Food Contamination, Biology, MESH: Phenotype, Microbiology, Food-poisoning, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, Humans, MESH: Food Microbiology, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Humans, Base Sequence, 030306 microbiology, Outbreak, MESH: Food Contamination, MESH: Cluster Analysis, [SDV.MP.BAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Bacteriology, MESH: France, Food Microbiology, Food Science
Abstract

International audience; Enterotoxins produced by Staphylococcus aureus are responsible for staphylococcal food-poisoning outbreaks (SFPO). In France, SFPO are the second cause of food-borne diseases after Salmonella. However, very little is known about the strains involved. The objective of this study was to characterize the staphylococcal strains related to these SFPO through phenotypic and genotypic analyses. A total of 178 coagulase-positive staphylococcal isolates recovered from 31 SFPO (1981-2002) were screened through biotyping. Thirty-three strains representative of the different biotypes in each SFPO were further examined for SmaI macrorestriction-type, phage-type, resistance to various antimicrobial drugs, presence of staphylococcal enterotoxin (se) genes sea to sei, and production of enterotoxins SEA to SED. All these 33 strains were identified as S. aureus species: 27 were of human biotypes and six ovine or non-host-specific biotypes. Most (74.1%) strains reacted with group III phages. Eleven strains were resistant to at least two classes of antibiotics and among them, two were resistant to methicillin. Twenty-nine strains carried one or several of the eight se genes tested; the gene sea was most common (n=23), and often linked to sed (n=12) or seh (n=5). The novel se genes seg-i were in all cases associated with se genes sea to sed except for one strain which carried only seg and sei. Pulsed-Field Gel Electrophoresis (PFGE) of SmaI macrorestriction digests of the 33 strains discriminated 32 PFGE patterns grouped into nine biotype-specific clusters. All five strains carrying sea and seh were grouped together into the same sub-cluster. Three of the four se-gene-negative strains were in one PFGE cluster: all four should be tested for se genes not included in this study and, if negative, be further investigated for the presence of unidentified SEs.

Published
2007