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Background: Considering regulatory, supervision, and control health policy, an innovative knowledge management model is proposed for the Colombian health system, which is recognized as a complex system. Methods: A model is constructed through a comparative analysis of various theoretical and conceptual frameworks, and an original methodology is proposed based on an analysis of the macroprocesses of the Supervision and Control System (SSC) of the Colombian General Social Security System in Health (SGSSS). After formulating hypotheses and conceptual references, information errors are determined within the different macroprocesses of the SGSSS, including those of governance and the SSC. Results: The risks of generating duplicate, wrong, hidden, or non-existent information arise when the associated regulations need more specificity to be applied in all cases, thus leading to the risk of different interpretations by some actors. In this way, it is possible to hinder the generation of unified information, as there is no clarity as to who is responsible for the generation or creation of certain data. Conclusions: The proposed model is characterized by its flexibility and adaptability, integrating several processes that can be executed simultaneously or cyclically (depending on the system’s needs) and allowing for the generation and feedback of knowledge at different stages, with some processes simultaneously executed to complement each other.

Despite advancements in renewable energy and technological innovation, significant gaps remain in the empirical literature, especially on gender-specific employment and wages. Coupling with the growing global shift towards renewable energy and technological innovation, motivated by the need to address climate change, reduce fossil fuel dependency, and create sustainable economic pathways, this study investigates the complexities of renewable energy's impact on gender-specific labour market performances. Specifically, the study examines the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis for renewable energy and its influence on employment and wages, assesses the validity of the green growth hypothesis, and the interactive effects of renewable energy and technological innovation by exploring the Autoregressive Distributed Lag model. Findings reveal that renewable energy positively impacts employment across aggregate, male, and female models in both the short and long term; however, its effect on wages varies significantly, initially suppressing wage levels before transitioning to long-term growth. Additionally, the moderating effect of technological innovation promotes employment and wage benefits across all models. The findings across all models demonstrate a high degree of consistency. The study recommends investing in skill development and adopting gender-sensitive policies to promote equitable access to green jobs, supporting inclusive growth. Additionally, it advocates for innovation in the renewable energy sector to drive sustainable advancements.

This research delves into the correlation between purchasing performance and inventory performance, particularly in the context of their influence on sustainable financial performance within the upstream oil and gas sector in Indonesia. The study collected data spanning a five-year period from 2018 to 2022, involving 25 Production Sharing Contract Contractors (PSCC) during the initial Plan of Development (POD) phase. To analyze the data, the study employed Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using WarpPLS. The results indicate that purchasing performance has a significant impact on sustainable financial performance, whereas inventory performance does not exhibit a notable influence. Moreover, the role of the fiscal term as a moderator in the relationship between purchasing performance and inventory performance concerning sustainable financial performance is found to be significant. This research introduces a comprehensive framework that enhances our understanding of the effects of purchasing and inventory performance, taking into account the moderating role of the fiscal term, on sustainable financial performance, offering a novel contribution to this field of study.

This article aims to analyze the theoretical contribution regarding the relationship between unpredictability and organizational change. A bibliometric analysis of works on unpredictability in organizational change published in Scopus was conducted to achieve this objective. The analysis results reveal that in the field of business, unpredictability is an element that significantly influences organizational change. The key conclusion is that complexity, innovation, and resilience are elements associated with managing change in the face of unpredictability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research question: Is the failure of performance measurement systems (PMS) due to the crisis in itself or to a radical change in the paradigm that governs the world that has caused a loss of momentum? Motivation: In the era of recurrent/multiple crises, some researchers have signaled the inadequacy of the industrial economics paradigm and the managerial tools arising from them, and their inability to address the new characteristics of the environmental context. On this subject, we wonder whether the observed "malaise" of PMS is due to a possible paradigmatic obsolescence. If necessary, a redefinition of these systems should be considered so that the indicators regain their relevance. Idea: In recent decades, crisis meant no more than a temporary disruption of an idealized situation. The recurrence of systemic natural, social, economic and other crises and the ensuing volatile, uncertain, complex and ambiguous business environment has become the rule and we need to reappraise the capacity for our tools to grasp the complex reality of our world. Data/Tools: Building on complexity theory authors, the article aims to critically reflect on the paradigmatic foundations that give meaning (or not) to PMS. Findings: The recurrence of crises reflects an obsolescence of the dominant economic and managerial paradigm advocating determinism, simplicity and certainty/predictability. PMS must be redefined in order to regain their relevance in line with the paradigm characterized by volatility, complexity, uncertainty and ambiguity. Contribution: This paper makes two major contributions. First, we deconstruct the dominant model of performance assessment and measurement based on mechanistic industrial economics highlighting the limitations of traditional accounting methods in capturing the complex and dynamic nature of modern business environments. Second, we describe the main characteristics of the new business landscape and the original understanding of crisis to highlight the need to review traditional approaches to accounting indicators and performance measurement in this context of a complex, uncertain world.

ABSTRACTThe sustainability of food supply chains (FSCs) depends on the concurrent successful performance in the environmental, economic, and social dimensions. However, FSCs are complex socio-technical systems subjected to inevitable trade-offs and the impossibility of full control. Based on a systematic literature review, this study investigates how sustainability affects the complexity of FSCs. A total of 75 articles were analyzed. A thematic analysis revealed 16 factors associated with the three dimensions of sustainability. These factors were then associated with five complexity attributes: a large number of elements, dynamically interacting elements, diversity of elements, unexpected variability, and resilience. All factors amplify the complexity of FSCs, mostly in terms of increasing the number and diversity of elements. Findings made it possible to develop a complexity-based account of the sustainability of FSCs, raising questions and insights that might inform the design and operation of more sustainable FSCs, which effectively cope with their inherent complexity.

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to systematically review the properties of supply chains demonstrating that they are complex systems, and that the management of supply chains is best achieved by steering rather than controlling these systems toward desired outcomes. Design/methodology/approach – The research study was designed as both exploratory and explanatory. Data were collected from secondary sources using a comprehensive literature review process. In parallel with data collection, data were analyzed and synthesized. Findings – The main finding is the introduction of an inductive framework for steering supply chains from a complex systems perspective by explaining why supply chains have properties of complex systems and how to deal with their complexity while steering them toward desired outcomes. Complexity properties are summarized in four inter-dependent categories: Structural, Dynamic, Behavioral and Decision making, which together enable the assessment of supply chains as complex systems. Furthermore, five mechanisms emerged for dealing with the complexity of supply chains: classification, modeling, measurement, relational analysis and handling. Originality/value – Recognizing that supply chains are complex systems allows for a better grasp of the effect of positive feedback on change and transformation, and also interactions leading to dynamic equilibria, nonlinearity and the role of inter-organizational learning, as well as emerging capabilities, and existing trade-offs and paradoxical tensions in decision-making. It recognizes changing dynamics and the co-evolution of supply chain phenomena in different scales and contexts.

By highlighting the importance of tracking the maturity of various phenomena, this study aims at facilitating their response to the emerging changes and reducing the complexity of organizational management processes. To support business excellence and organization management in the SMART WORLD era, special attention was paid to previous findings. The pilot study research was carried out on a sample of 107 enterprises from Poland and Lithuania. The results of the data analysis collected during the quantitative research and their mapping identified: currently leading trends (mainstream - “new normal trends”), trends expected to undergo the development in short/medium/long term perspective and trends labelled as “no future” - fads or one step before their time. Research results were the basis for expressing preliminary conclusions about how to reduce uncertainty and complexity of the process of strategic decision making by contemporary managers.

Transfer pricing aggressiveness is influenced by various factors, including the complexity of operations, foreign direct investment, and tax haven utilization. This study was conducted to re-examine the factors that affect the transfer pricing aggressiveness by including the tax burden as a mediating variable which is expected to explain the inconsistency of the results of previous studies. This study uses data from manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesian Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2020 with a total observation of 350. The analysis technique uses panel data regression with Fixed Effect Model and Random Effect Model approaches. The results of the study show that the complexity of operations and tax haven utilization has a positive effect on transfer pricing aggressiveness. However, foreign direct investment does not affect transfer pricing aggressiveness. Further analyses indicate the tax variable partially mediates the effect of complexity operation and tax haven utilization on transfer pricing aggressiveness. In addition, the tax variable only has an indirect effect of foreign direct investment on transfer pricing aggressiveness. This means that foreign direct investment is used as a vehicle for transfer pricing.

ABSTRACT: The purpose of this article is to identify the main leverage points that can accelerate the results of the resocialization program via prison work implemented in one of the states of Brazil. The research method was design science research. The main research technique was a systemic analysis, a technique belonging to the field of knowledge of the soft systems methodology. The systemic analysis mapped and listed in closed loops the factors of major influence on the program’s results. The sources of information were meetings with specialists from the prison public administration and a survey of the state population. The main deliverable of the study is a systemic map with the identification of two leverage points that, if addressed by the public administration, can remove the main obstacles to the program, the insufficient funds for investment in justice structures, and the skepticism of a large part of the population. The team of public agents responsible for managing the program validated the conclusions.

PURPOSE: Current research seeks to create an economic model that connects strategic management and network theory. However, most theoretical models do not provide empirical evidence of network relationships’ real structure and attributes. The purpose of the paper is to explore the relation between enterprise characteristics and the characteristics of buyer–supplier relationships in supply chain networks. We are specifically interested in business relationships in networks with respect to the various enterprises’ sizes and sectors of industry. The subject of our research was characteristics, such as network relationship complexity, continuity of relationships, and strategic management in networks. The paper summarizes the results of an empirical study on buyer-supplier networks and accentuates the importance of developing and fostering business collaboration for strategic management. METHODOLOGY: We conducted the questionnaire research in 2016–2019 on 360 enterprises from the Czech Republic. We selected the research sample based on the non-probability purposive sampling method. The members of the research team collected data from an online survey and personal visits to enterprises. The statistical analysis of hypotheses is based on the frequency of managers’ answers. To evaluate results, a two-proportion Z-Test is used for comparing different categories of enterprises according to their enterprise size or prevailing sector of the industry. FINDINGS: The main results show that the differences between enterprises involved in the buyer–supplier structures lie mainly in their size. The survey did not identify differences between industry sectors. The findings show that the complexity of networks in the Czech Republic is not high in terms of the number of suppliers or involvement in many supply networks. The continuity of relationships with partners in buyer–supplier networks is relatively long-term oriented. Long-term partnerships reflect the higher quality of relationships and support future integration. However, large enterprises prefer to build contracts for shorter or longer periods. An overall decentralization strategy characterizes the strategic management of buyer–supplier networks. This finding means dividing competencies such as planning, managing, sourcing, decision-making, transporting (delivering) among more enterprises. IMPLICATIONS FOR THEORY AND PRACTICE: The paper provides an insight into understanding how the buyer–supplier network functions. The theory’s implication builds on the connection of supply chain management and strategic management from the network perspective. Supply chain management is viewed as a part of strategic management, and the synthesis of both research areas opens an innovative view to business theory. ORIGINALITY AND VALUE: The paper’s principal value is the connection between contemporary ideas of strategic management and supply chain management. The synthesis of supply chain management and network approach enhances strategic management theory.

Chain management is an important aspect of running any business. In this article, we look at advances in chain management. At the beginning we present basic definitions and key issues related to the types of channels, followed by a discussion of the degrees of complexity of the chain. We then discuss chain flows - a step forward in chain management, supply chain efficiency indicators and so on. Finally, a brief summary of research to date and a discussion of future challenges for supply chain management are presented. The outbreak of COVID-19 introduced an unprecedented and extraordinary situation of supply chains whose survival requires a large-scale resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – Since Weick’s (1993) seminal Mann Gulch paper articulated a collapse of sensemaking, scholars have repeatedly investigated sensemaking downstream of enactment. Motivated by another wildland firefighting tragedy, the tragic loss of 19 firefighters in Arizona in 2013, this study aims to look at enactment itself and reveals that the endogenous creation and re-creation of the wildland fire caused a fatal feedback loop of “trigger traps” leading to perpetual enactment that short-circuited sensemaking. Wildland fires can have unpredictable consequences, which triggers in individual sensemakers a fatal and continuous return to the beginning of the sensemaking process. Design/methodology/approach – This paper’s approach is a case study based on a textual analysis of sources investigating the 2013 Yarnell Hill fire. The authors also carefully compared the Yarnell Hill and Mann Gulch disasters in search of breakdowns in sensemaking that could help us understand why we continue to lose firefighters in the line of duty. Findings – The simultaneously volatile and complex environment at Yarnell illustrates sensemaking antecedents to the study of enactment. The findings suggest ways that organizations – those fighting wildfire or those fighting a global pandemic – can avoid getting trapped in the early stages of enactment and can retain resilience in their sensemaking. Originality/value – This paper introduces the concept of “trigger traps” to help explain the fatal feedback loop of repeated environmental triggers in the early stages of sensemaking in volatile environments.

This paper investigates the dynamics of complexity and expertise in the context of compensation committees (ccs). Drawing on semi-structured interviews, mostly with cc members and consultants, we bring to light two axes of subordination that impact the mindset of corporate governance participants, and may ultimately undermine directors’ degree of accountability to shareholders. The first axis involves cc members’ subordination to consultant expertise, which tends to be considered as an indispensable ally in dealing appropriately with the webs of complexity that allegedly characterize executive compensation. Nourished partially by the first axis, the second implies subservience to these webs of complexity, which are widely presumed and naturalized by cc members and the consulting experts they employ. One of our main contributory statements is to question the ascendancy of complexity in the boardroom, casting doubt on one of the key assumptions upon which practices and expertise in contemporary corporate governance institutions are built and promoted. We also question the extent of epistemic dependency in many compensation committees, where much of the knowledge necessary to properly operate the repertoire of practices (deemed necessary to address the problem of executive compensation determination) is not primarily in the hands of cc members, but rather in those of consultants.

Complexity is rapidly and inexorably leading the global economy towards new configurations and new dynamics; within this (ever fluid and unstable) framework, the strategic dualities that govern organizations and shape their strategic choices are not only multiplying but also interacting and generating unprecedented challenges: new pairs of (apparent) paradoxes occur, sophisticated interdependencies take place amongst them, and therefore new approaches in search for strategic solutions are imperatively asked. Against this background, the main goal of the paper is to suggest a paradigm of organizational ambidexterity – which gradually integrates various angles and valences into partial solutions and eventually comes up with a complex construct incorporating different levels of organizational ambidexterity and multiple patterns of ambidextrous behavior – able to (dynamically) position organizations on the coordinates of the complex global economy, while providing them with the essential tools needed to achieve strategic competitiveness. Thus, by addressing a major organizational challenge (strategic competitiveness) through the lens of complexity (seen both as defining feature of nowadays and science that provides the instruments to deal with it) and advocating for the solution of ambidexterity, the paper will enrich the theory of strategic management and will offer businesses an alternative to their strategic approaches.

This paper analyzes the regional innovation system of the department of Antioquia in Colombia, from a complex systems perspective and using an agent-based simulation model. Among the results is a model with significant variables and indicators for generating new knowledge and innovation on a regional scale. This provides evidence that more favorable conditions exist, insofar as a significant number of explorers encourages greater reciprocal actions with other agents in the regional structure. The number of patents and publications being generated will increase significantly and better network clustering becomes evident as a result. Finally, the model explores the dynamics, structures and relationships among agents in the system, paying special attention to the conditions within which innovation processes unfold at a regional level

The SISKEUDES is used to help manage good and orderly village finance in village financial reporting. However, the implementation of this IS was not easy for the village treasurer to do because of knowledge limitation to manage the budget including village income and expenditure. This study aims to evaluate the perceptions of the village treasurer about the acceptance and use of the SISKEUDES. This research is a case study in Bantul district, Special Region of Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The survey was conducted through questionnaires and interviews. The sample in this study was 86 village treasurers who used the SISKEUDES. Smart Partial Least Square 3.2 software is used to test the hypothesis in this study. The results of this study indicate that the village treasurer has accepted and used the IS properly. Self-efficacy have a significant influence with perceived usefulness and perceived ease of use of the SISKEUDES. Meanwhile, complexity does not have a significant effect on perceived ease of use IS users. In addition, computer anxiety has no significant effect on the ease of using the SISKEUDES.

Purpose: We propose and test a new leadership model. Our model is an extension of the leaderplex model which proposes that leader cognitive and social complexities are linked with leader effec tiveness indirectly, in a mediation scheme, through behavioral complexity. We enhance the leader plex model with a leader’s degree of managerial discretion as the moderator of the links in this mediation format. Methodology: We test our model with a moderated mediation approach (Baron-Kenny four-step procedure and Preacher-Hayes bootstrapping methods). Findings: We use results of interviews with top leaders in Poland and demonstrate that a leader’s managerial discretion is a moderator affecting the mediation scheme assumed in the leaderplex model. Limitations: The sample size is only 29 leaders. To preserve the respondents’ anonymity, their opinions were evaluated by only one researcher who interviewed them directly. The results may be country specific (Poland). Originality: We define new boundary conditions for the leaderplex model by showing importance of a leader’s real position (managerial discretion) in an organization. Specifically, we show that the nature of the relationships between the variables of interest will change when a leader operates in one physical environment (e.g., high managerial discretion) rather than another (e.g., low managerial discretion).

Cooperate to compete successfully is a short book in Spanish that provides a precise definition of cooperation between companies. The authors explain what cooperation entails and how companies can increase their competitiveness through cooperative ties. For the authors, cooperation is an intelligent response that aspires to increase competitiveness while facing changes.

Research on audit fees is important because it relates to professional services provided by public accountants. Whereas the transparency of information about audit fees in the company’s financial statements in Indonesia openly and apart from other service fees has only been done in the last few years, so there has not been much research related to this. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of size, profitability, company risk, company complexity, and independent audit committee on audit fees. A sample of 136 manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2016. Multiple regression analysis is used to test the hypothesis. The results of this study indicate that the size of the company, profitability, complexity of the company has a positive effect on audit fees. Company risk and an independent audit committee have no effect on audit fees.

In the last decades, research on emergency traffic management has received high attention from the operations research community and many pioneer researchers have established it as one of the most fertile research areas. We consider the computationally hard flows over time problems from wider perspective including flow/time dependent attributes (dynamic flows), a possibility of flows loss on paths while travelling (lossy network problems), arcs/path reversal capability (contraflow models) and possibilities of eliminating merging and crossing conflicts at intersections (abstract flows). The topics also include the networks for relief distribution, location-allocation of facilities, multicriterion characteristics and transit based flow models in brief. The issues are highly motivated from the perspective of traffic control and emergency route choice and scheduling. Despite of many directions such as differential equations for fluid flows, measure and function theory, cell transmission approach and optimal control theory, we have restricted to the perhaps most computationally acceptable research domain, the network flow optimization approach with macroscopic behavior. We compactly review the contributions, explore the featured results, present structured systematic analysis and state the weakness and strength of the models and solution strategies the authors carried out during several years. A large number of problems belong to the category of strongly N P-hard problems and demand efficient computational techniques that at least yield acceptable approximate solutions. This comprehensive survey on evacuation problems complements the number of previous reviews by adding many recent results obtained in the field so far. Moreover, it highlights the main stream research and most promising challenges in modeling and solving more realistic real-life scenarios and explores some possible future research fields.

Despite its relative newness, entrepreneurial ecosystems (EEs) have attracted much attention from research and policy but they are recognized to be largely untheorized. It is claimed that one aspect which distinguishes the EE perspective from other perspectives related to business environments is its systemic approach; however, much of the systemic approach still needs to be investigated. The aim of this paper is therefore to investigate how the systemic and complex approach of EEs can be theoretically strengthened. We do this by investigating what values complex adaptive system theory holds for advancing the EE perspective. We highlight four propositions which are of particular importance for strengthening the systemic approach of EE: spatial and component boundaries of the system; self-governance; the relational dimension between system components and the system; and the evolution of the system. We propose that boundaries should be seen as a natural part of the system, that a complex system is too complex to capture all components and all interactions, and that studying only individual activities will not enable us to fully understand the system's behaviour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patent and proprietary medicine vendors (PPMVs) increase access to antibiotics through non-prescription sales in their drug retail outlets. This fosters irrational antibiotic use among people, thus contributing to the growing burden of resistance. Although training programmes on antibiotic use and resistance exist, they have disproportionately targeted health workers in hospital settings. It's unclear if there is a relationship between such trainings and non-prescription sales of antibiotics among PPMVs which are more embedded in communities. Therefore, a cross-sectional study was conducted to elicit the determinants of non-prescription antibiotic sales among PPMVs in Kano metropolis, Nigeria. Through brainstorming, causal loop diagrams (CLDs) were used to illustrate the dynamics of factors that are responsible for non-prescription antibiotic sales. Multilevel logistic regression model was used to determine the relationship between training on antibiotic use and resistance and non-prescription antibiotic sales, after controlling for potential confounders. We found that two-third (66.70%) of the PPMVs reported that they have sold non-prescribed antibiotics. A total of three CLDs were constructed to illustrate the complex dynamics of the factors that are related to non-prescription antibiotic sales. After controlling for all factors, PPMVs who reported that they had never received any training on antibiotic use and resistance were twice as more likely to sell antibiotic without prescription compared with those who reported that they have ever received such training (OR = 2.07, 95% CI: 1.27-3.37). This finding suggests that there is an association between training on antibiotic use and resistance and non-prescription sales of antibiotics. However, the complex dynamics of the factors should not be ignored as it can have implications for the development of intervention programmes. Multifaceted and multicomponent intervention packages (incorporating trainings on antibiotic use and resistance) that account for the inherent complexity within the system are likely to be more effective for this setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article originates from the effort to answer the following question: is it possible for an organizational structure to steer between organizational routines and Black Swans? (Taleb, 2007). Unexpected, unique and low-frequency events are “unknown variable” that, despite the planning and precautions deployed, catch an organization off-guard, and might have catastrophic consequences. Unexpected events impact organizations, undermining the knowledge and redefining the list of competences that an organization needs in order to be competitive. The main goal of the present article is to shed light on the role and the challenges that firms undertake in their defining moments of adaptation of their organizational assets – the structure –. The rational pattern of adaptation is exemplified by the use of ambidextrous organizational structures, which focus on activities that can be defined as exploration and exploitation. Within the analysis of “the science of complexity”, parallels, paradoxes and metaphors representing a synthesis of a largely shared doctrine will be investigated: firms need to utilize known variables, or sometimes unknown ones, that are inevitably complex, in order to find the right fit, react swiftly to change, successfully compete, and obtain results.

Social entrepreneurship is one of the most discussed issues in recent management literature. In partcular, social entrepreneurship has recently gained the atenton of management scholars interested in understanding its sociological and anthropological aspects. This paper focuses on Claude Lévi-Strauss’s noton of “bricolage” and the way it can represent a signifcant opportunity to address emergent social needs. Building on a postmodernist philosophical perspectve, namely Jacques Derrida’s “deconstructonism,” we atempt to unpack the bricolage phenomenon within the social entrepreneurship feld. Following the fndings of an in-depth longitudinal case study, we provide a theoretcal conceptualizaton of possible entrepreneurial solutons to social needs, exploring the signifcant role of bricolage that is consequently interpreted as a suitable entrepreneurial opportunity to address partcular types of social needs that we shall defne, in a way, as emergent.

Resumen La imagen común de un empresario es la de un líder solitario, a la cabeza de un pequeño emprendimiento, avanzando contra viento y marea. Aquí investigamos cómo los empresarios van más allá de esa imagen pues forman comunidades de emprendimiento y son también agentes de transformación institucional y tecnológica. Usamos la Tripe Hélice como un marco conceptual. Nuestro asidero empírico es el sector energético holandés. Este sector depende principalmente del gas natural pero esta coyuntura nos permitió estudiar dos casos en que los empresarios impulsaron la adopción de fuentes de energía renovables. Nuestros resultados revelan dos características generales del emprendimiento en la Triple Hélice. En primer lugar, las empresas privadas independientes no reflejan a los empresarios en general. Segundo, las redes de varios empresarios son mucho más comunes y mucho más complejas de lo que se suele anticipar. Más específicamente, encontramos que el sistema de energía holandés va desarrollando por caminos divergentes. Mientras que en el caso de Aardwarmte Den Haag, varios actores clave colaboraron para realizar una tecnología específica, en el caso de LochemEnergie vemos un enfoque de proyecto a proyecto respaldado por subsidios. En ambos casos, una variedad de empresarios impulsa el desarrollo del sector; sin embargo, el accidente de quien cuenta con recursos determina la centralidad de uno u otro empresario en la red resultante. Los empresarios en tal configuración requieren habilidades especializadas, incluidas la capacidad de interactuar con su red (de conocimiento), identificar vacíos, atraer nuevos participantes y motivar a los participantes nuevos y existentes. Los empresarios que manejan estas redes navegan sistemas socio-tecnológicos verdaderamente complejos. A medida que el desarrollo de las iniciativas energéticas locales se desarrolla, los empresarios deben ser flexibles y abiertos a cambios organizacionales. Si bien las grandes organizaciones, como los municipios o las grandes empresas multinacionales, suelen ser menos flexibles, estas podrían crear espacios para actividades de emprendimiento mediante el apoyo a individuos, nuevas empresas, y académicos en la búsqueda de soluciones novedosas. Al mismo tiempo, un rol clave para los empresarios públicos es el de estimular y subsidiar a los empresarios privados y sus redes. De manera más general, nuestro marco analítico puede servir para examinar los principios de la Triple Hélice en un entorno dinámico en el que la innovación tecnológica requiere de experiencia y capacidades de múltiples tipos de actores. Este marco no solo permite identificar los roles y tipos de empresarios y sus incentivos, sino también evaluar qué recursos (conocimiento, habilidades, subsidios) pueden aportar a la innovación. Palabras clave Empresarios, complejidad, sistemas tecnológicos, sistemas de energía, Holanda, Triple Hélice.

Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to provide a comprehensive survey of the literature about the use of agent-based simulation (ABS) in the study of organizational behavior, decision making, and problem-solving. It aims at contributing to the consolidation of ABS as a field of applied research in management and organizational studies. Design/methodology/approach - The authors carried out a non-systematic search in literature published between 2000 and 2016, by using the keyword “agent-based” to search through Scopus’ business, management and accounting database. Additional search criteria were devised using the papers’ keywords and the categories defined by the divisions and interest groups of the Academy of Management. The authors found 181 articles for this survey. Findings - The survey shows that ABS provides a robust and rigorous framework to elaborate descriptions, explanations, predictions and theories about organizations and their processes as well as develop tools that support strategic and operational decision making and problem-solving. The authors show that the areas that report the highest number of applications are operations and logistics (37 percent), marketing (17 percent) and organizational behavior (14 percent). Originality/value - The paper illustrates the increasingly prominent role of ABS in fields such as organizational behavior, strategy, human resources, marketing and logistics. To-date, this is the most complete survey about ABS in all management areas.

Background and Purpose: The complexity of the tourism system, as well as modelling in a frame of system dynamics, will be discussed in this paper. The phaenomenon of tourism, which possesses the typical properties of global and local organisations, will be presented as an open complex system with all its elements, and an optimal methodology to explain the relations among them. The approach we want to present is due to its transparency an excellent tool for searching systems solutions and serves also as a strategic decision-making assessment. We will present systems complexity and develop three models of a complex tourism system: the first one will present tourism as an open complex system with its elements, which operate inside of a tourism market area. The elements of this system present subsystems, which relations and interdependencies will be explained with two models: causal-loop diagram and a simulation model in frame of systems dynamics.

The objective of this paper is to qualify and discuss the effects of public policies according to bargaining solution used between workers and firms. We compare the effects of three solutions, Nash, Kalai-Smorod-insky and Equal-Sacrifice in a matching model where the job complexity is endogenous and workers are differentiated by their qualification level. We show that the choice of solution is extremely important since the effects of unemployment benefits on unemployment, labor market participation and on the job complexity can be completely opposite.

This study examines the determinants of audit fee at Public Accounting Firms (KAP) in East Java, Indonesia. The determinants tested in this study consist of audit size, complexity, audit risk, non-audit services, and internal control. Respondents in this study are external auditors at KAP. Based on the convenience sampling method, the total sample in this study amounted to 60 respondents. This research uses Structural Equation Model (SEM) with SmartPLS analysis tool. The results indicate that audit size has a significant positive effect on the audit fee. Meanwhile, complexity, audit risk, non-audit services, and internal control have no significant effect on the audit fee.

This article is not going to limit itself to presenting the traditional dualist view of good versus bad (the good is represented by average citizens manipulated by the bad, which is the capitalist media-driven society). Such views have their origin point in the Marxist or neo-Marxist school of thought, which was strictly adhered to by the (first generation) of the Frankfurt School, and it is known as critical thinking. This research supports the fundamentals of critical thinking, but additionally argues that "critical thinking" exists also to criticize itself, to overcome it, and to enter into what we call "Complex Structural Approach" (CSA). The Power is, to a large extent, the market in evolution and involution and acts today through the marginalization of universal historical memory and philosophy, among other knowledge, and is replaced by infoxication. The western citizen is not completely unaware of its dependency. The virtual-intelligent society of the 21th century connects with one of the innate characteristics of the individual: his selfishness, whether it is positive or destructive behavior, in various formats and in varying degrees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the reasons of complexity rise in ERP system SAP R/3. It proposes a method for measuring complexity of SAP. Based on this method, the computer program in ABAP for measuring complexity of particular SAP implementation is proposed as a tool for keeping ERP complexity under control. The main principle of the measurement method is counting the number of items or relations in the system. The proposed computer program is based on counting of records in organization tables in SAP.

A turbulent environment and very limited ability to make accurate forecasts triggers the need for building highly responsive organizations. What is more, there is much pressure exerted on the costs’ reduction as one of the aftermaths of the crisis 2008+. The main goal of the article is to make a contribution to the stream of research devoted to creating capabilities needed for being lean and agile as response to contemporary challenges. The design of this research is based on in-depth literature review. The system approach was deployed to include lean and agile, both concepts and practices, under one consistent model. The detailed problem under discussion was meeting logistics requirements of customers. The Ashy Law suggests having differentiated responses to turbulent environment than only lean and agile. This also affects meeting requirements of customers in the supply chain. The originality of this work lies in showing the implications of identifying logistics requirements of customers for contributing to full flexibility within the system under discussion. The consequences of the Ashby Law for reactive and proactive behaviours of agents within the system should be further discussed in future research.

The main mechanism of market economy – competition – has forced organizations to search factors influencing advertising effectiveness. Relying on the maxim “unseen – unsold”, the visual impression of advertising becomes crucially important. First visual impressions do often influence mid- and long-term human behavior and are influenced by factors such as context or visual complexity. The aim of this research is to determine the effect of visual layout complexity of advertising on consumers’ attentional resources engaged in processing an advertisement as well as evaluation and classification time of the advertisement regarding different levels of visual layout complexity. To reach the aim of the article, P300 event-related brain potential is recorded and analyzed. In the context of visual complexity of advertising, recording and analysis of P300 component reveal whether high visual advertising complexity leads to more attentional resources engaged in processing an advertisement as well as whether advertisement with high visual complexity is evaluated and classified slower. Moreover, questionnaire research is provided for the participants in order to assess the differences in attitudes towards the brands advertised with different layout complexity levels. As a research results, the effect of visual advertising complexity on cognitive processes such as attention allocation and its influence on the attitude toward the object is revealed and the managerial implications for creating effective advertising are provided.

In this paper we summarize the research on Systems Thinking for business management and explore several examples of business failures due to a lack of application of Systems Thinking, with an ultimate goal of offering a Systems Thinking approach that is useful to all levels of management. Although there is significant literature aimed at facilitating Systems Thinking in organizational management, there remains a lack of adoption of Systems Thinking in mainstream business practice. This is perhaps because the literature does not reduce high-level Systems Thinking principles to hands-on, practical protocols that are accessible for typical managers, thus limiting the working application of Systems Thinking concepts to researchers and consultants who specialize in the field. The goal of this work is to not only elaborate on the high-level ideals of System Thinking, but also to articulate a more precise and practical hands-on approach that is useful to all levels of business managers.

This paper examines the mediating role of ecologies of innovation in the relationship between informational differences and entrepreneurial networking among small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Kampala, Uganda. To empirically validate the conceptual model and test the hypothesised relationships, the authors collected data from a sample of 228 SMEs in Kampala district, Uganda purposefully selected for this study. A cross-sectional survey design was adopted, and data were analysed using SPSS/20 and AMOS version 23. The findings exhibit a full mediation of ecologies of innovation in the relationship between informational differences and entrepreneurial networking among SMEs. Besides, informational differences and entrepreneurial networking are insignificantly related. There were, however, some limitations: as the study was cross-sectional in nature, it was difficult to trace the process of interactions among employees especially, how they attach meaning to information and entrepreneurial networking patterns over time;—the study was conducted in Kampala district among trade, manufacturing, and services sectors only. The implication is that entrepreneurial networking can only be explained and predicted through ecologies of innovation. The study recommends that SME owners/managers need to fully understand and facilitate ecologies of innovation for employees to interact and attach meaning to information. This research contributes to the literature on mediation of ecologies of innovation between informational differences and entrepreneurial networking through its empirical findings of the hypothesised relationships. It theoretically contributes to existing knowledge by integrating complexity systems leadership theory.

Nowadays, for surviving in the dynamic and complicated environment, it is required for organizations to have agility and flexibility in which the main factor is organizational structure which is the principal force of change. It is a framework for all organizational decisions and processes and influence the performance improvement and productivity increase. The purpose of this research is ranking the organizational structures factors which are effective on Personnel performance. This is applied and survey research which its statistical population consists of employees of Karafarin and Parsian insurance companies. Convenience sampling method were used to collect research data. Analyzing, the research data, the Pearson and Friedman Tests were applied. The results showed that formality is the most effective factor and complexity is the least effective factor on personnel performance.

Despite the recent hype what practice means remains unclear at best. This paper presents a fresh perspective on practice as a social phenomenon in Management and Organization Studies. It focuses on the dynamic nature of practice and draws attention to the power of tensions within and between practices as a reflection of the social complexity of organizing. The dynamic nature of practice reveals how tensions create ex-tensions stretching the boundaries of organizing. The analysis reveals the importance of embodying practice, the role of intentionality in the way practice is performed and conceptualizes the dynamic nature of practice in relation to the interconnections between internal and external goods of a practice. Tensions between internal and external goods within and between practices in an organizational field explain the ongoing reconfiguration of practice. A focus on practising provides an avenue for engaging with the fluid and emergent nature of practice as it is formed, performed and constantly transformed. The discussion explores the value added contribution of a practice perspective to our understanding of organizing and outlines ways of rethinking the practitioner by drawing attention to the role of practical judgment, passion and personality. The paper concludes by examining the implications for future research providing specific suggestions for the ways in which researchers engage with the world of practice, the methodological tools for capturing the immediacy of practice and further research avenues that this inquiry opens up.

Copyright of Financial & Credit Activity: Problems of Theory & Practice is the property of University of Banking of the National Bank of Ukraine and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Universal Excellence (JUE) / Revija za Univerzalno Odličnost (RUO) is the property of Fakulteta za Organizacijske Studije v Novem mestu and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study undertook an examination of corporate security through the lens of the broader socio-organisational literature to understand its organisational stratum, seating, and function. The methodology applied a survey questionnaire to security practitioners, incorporating two measurement tools to assess work level and time-span of discretion. Findings identified work levels across the corporate security function. These work levels indicate that the corporate security function operates at the operational and tactical strata, with limited strategic executive impact. Furthermore, the corporate security function is positioned within the technostructure, providing analytical support to business operations. The study identified a significant disconnect between the corporate security literature—as written by security practitioners and academia—and the socio-organisational literature, with many points of divergence. These findings suggest the need for study replication and a review of the security literature in regards to executive influence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Policy & Complex Systems is the property of Policy Studies Organization and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper aims to identify the differences and similarities in the way to explain self-organization from the different theories of complex systems used in management, which we have grouped as complex systems theories, complex adaptive systems (CAS) and organizational cybernetics. For this purpose we suggest three parallel and complementary dimensions to delimit the conceptual spaces where these theories can be placed. Using this classification as an analytical lens we summarize the core arguments suggested by each of these complex systems approaches, regarding the ideas of emergence and new order. This analysis helps us to conclude that the three theories coincide in their interest for studying nonlinear complex systems, but diverge in the nature of the complex problems studied. Finally we analyze the consequences that recognizing the similarities and differences between these approaches have, when using them for the study and research of social and business organizations and their management.