Author: "K. C. Lødrup Carlsen" / Topic: business - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

Your search keyword '"K. C. Lødrup Carlsen"' showing total 53 results

Start Over Author "K. C. Lødrup Carlsen" Topic business

53 results on '"K. C. Lødrup Carlsen"'

1. Diagnosing atopic dermatitis in infancy using established diagnostic criteria: a cohort study

Author: Knut Rudi, Petter Gjersvik, G. Hedlin, Håvard Ove Skjerven, Riyas Vettukattil, Marissa LeBlanc, Anne Catherine Staff, Linn Landrø, Eva Maria Rehbinder, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, Guttorm Haugen, Kim M Advocaat Endre, Cilla Söderhäll, Christine M. Jonassen, and Björn Nordlund
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Incidence, Pruritus, Incidence (epidemiology), Eczema, Infant, Clinical settings, Dermatology, Atopic dermatitis, medicine.disease, Dermatitis, Atopic, Cohort Studies, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Clinical research, medicine, Multiple time, Humans, business, Cohort study
Abstract: Summary Background Diagnosing atopic dermatitis (AD) in infants is challenging. Objectives To determine the incidence and persistence of eczema and AD in infants using the UK Working Party (UKWP) and Hanifin and Rajka (H&R) criteria. Methods A cohort of 1834 infants was examined clinically at 3, 6 and 12 months of age. AD was diagnosed by UKWP (3, 6 and 12 months) and H&R (12 months) criteria. Logistic regression models were used to assess the relationship between AD and eczema. Results Eczema was observed in 628 (34·2%) infants (n = 240, n = 359 and n = 329 at 3, 6 and 12 months, respectively), with AD diagnosed in 212 (33·7%) infants with any eczema and in 64/78 (82%) infants with eczema at all three visits. The odds of AD were lower with first presentation of eczema at 6 [odds ratio (OR) 0·33, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0·22–0·48] or 12 months (OR 0·49, 95% CI 0·32–0·74) than at 3 months, and higher in infants with eczema at three (OR 23·1, 95% CI 12·3–43·6) or two (OR 6·5, 95% CI 4·3–9·9) visits vs. one visit only. At 12 months, 156/329 (47·4%) fulfilled the UKWP and/or H&R criteria; 27 (8%) fulfilled the UKWP criteria only and 65 (20%) only the H&R criteria. Of the 129 infants who fulfilled the H&R criteria, 44 (34·1%) did not meet the itch criterion. Conclusions Used in combination and at multiple timepoints, the UKWP and H&R criteria for AD may be useful in clinical research but may have limited value in most other clinical settings.
Published: 2022

2. Filaggrin mutations in relation to skin barrier and atopic dermatitis in early infancy

Author: C. Monceyron Jonassen, Shintaro Katayama, Anne Catherine Staff, Jon R Konradsen, Berit Granum, Riyas Vettukattil, Marissa LeBlanc, Guttorm Haugen, Eva Maria Rehbinder, Håvard Ove Skjerven, Kim M Advocaat Endre, Maria Bradley, C.A. Mägi Olsson, Bjoern Nordlund, Linn Landrø, Samina Asad, Cilla Söderhäll, A. Hoyer, Martin Färdig, G. Hedlin, Knut Rudi, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, Research Programs Unit, and STEMM - Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program
Subjects: Skin barrier, medicine.medical_specialty, Genotype, Population, DRY, Eczema, Dermatology, VARIANTS, Filaggrin Proteins, medicine.disease_cause, Dermatitis, Atopic, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Intermediate Filament Proteins, Dry skin, OF-FUNCTION MUTATIONS, medicine, Humans, education, 030304 developmental biology, Skin, RISK, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Transepidermal water loss, Mutation, integumentary system, business.industry, TRANSEPIDERMAL WATER-LOSS, PARTY DIAGNOSTIC-CRITERIA, Infant, Atopic dermatitis, Early infancy, medicine.disease, GENE, 3. Good health, DISEASES, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, medicine.symptom, business, Filaggrin
Abstract: Background Loss-of-function mutations in the skin barrier gene filaggrin (FLG) increase the risk of atopic dermatitis (AD), but their role in skin barrier function, dry skin and eczema in infancy is unclear. Objectives To determine the role of FLG mutations in impaired skin barrier function, dry skin, eczema and AD at 3 months of age and throughout infancy. Methods FLG mutations were analysed in 1836 infants in the Scandinavian population-based PreventADALL study. Transepidermal water loss (TEWL), dry skin, eczema and AD were assessed at 3, 6 and 12 months of age. Results FLG mutations were observed in 166 (9%) infants. At 3 months, carrying FLG mutations was not associated with impaired skin barrier function (TEWL > 11 center dot 3 g m(-2) h(-1)) or dry skin, but was associated with eczema [odds ratio (OR) 2 center dot 89, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1 center dot 95-4 center dot 28; P < 0 center dot 001]. At 6 months, mutation carriers had significantly higher TEWL than nonmutation carriers [mean 9 center dot 68 (95% CI 8 center dot 69-10 center dot 68) vs. 8 center dot 24 (95% CI 7 center dot 97-8 center dot 15), P < 0 center dot 01], and at 3 and 6 months mutation carriers had an increased risk of dry skin on the trunk (OR 1 center dot 87, 95% CI 1 center dot 25-2 center dot 80; P = 0 center dot 002 and OR 2 center dot 44, 95% CI 1 center dot 51-3 center dot 95; P < 0 center dot 001) or extensor limb surfaces (OR 1 center dot 52, 95% CI 1 center dot 04-2 center dot 22; P = 0 center dot 028 and OR 1 center dot 74, 95% CI 1 center dot 17-2 center dot 57; P = 0 center dot 005). FLG mutations were associated with eczema and AD in infancy. Conclusions FLG mutations were not associated with impaired skin barrier function or dry skin in general at 3 months of age, but increased the risk for eczema, and for dry skin on the trunk and extensor limb surfaces at 3 and 6 months.
Published: 2021

3. Prenatal exposure to perfluoralkyl substances (PFASs) associated with respiratory tract infections but not allergy- and asthma-related health outcomes in childhood

Author: K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, Unni Cecilie Nygaard, Line Småstuen Haug, A. Impinen, Petter Mowinckel, Berit Granum, and Kai-Håkon Carlsen
Subjects: Male, Allergy, Adolescent, Physiology, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Allergic sensitization, Perfluorononanoic acid, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0302 clinical medicine, Pregnancy, Wheeze, Hypersensitivity, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, 030212 general & internal medicine, Child, Respiratory Tract Infections, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Asthma, Fluorocarbons, Respiratory tract infections, Norway, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Common cold, Atopic dermatitis, medicine.disease, chemistry, Child, Preschool, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Immunology, Environmental Pollutants, Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Background Prenatal exposure to perfluoralkyl substances (PFASs) has been reported to be associated with immunosuppression in early childhood, but with contradictory findings related to atopic and lung diseases. Aim We aimed to determine if prenatal exposure to PFASs is associated with asthma or other allergic diseases or respiratory tract infections in childhood. Methods Nineteen PFASs were measured in cord blood available from 641 infants in the Environment and Childhood Asthma (ECA) prospective birth cohort study. The six most abundant PFASs were perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), perfluorooctanesulfonamide (PFOSA), perfluorohexane sulfonic acid (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), and perfluoroundecanoic acid (PFUnDA). Health outcomes were assessed at two and ten years of age, and included reported obstructive airways disease (wheeze by 10 years; asthma by 2 and 10 years; reduced lung function at birth; allergic rhinitis by 10 years), atopic dermatitis (AD) by 2 and 10 years, allergic sensitization by 10 years, and episodes of common respiratory tract infections (common cold by 2 years, lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI) by 10 years). The associations between exposure and health outcomes were examined using logistic and Poisson regression. Results The number of reported airways infections were significantly associated with cord blood concentrations of PFAS; common colds by two years with PFUnDA (β = 0.11 (0.08–0.14)) and LRTIs from 0 to 10 years of age with PFOS (β = 0.50 (0.42–0.57)), PFOA (β = 0.28 (0.22–0.35)), PFOSA (β = 0.10 (0.06–0.14)), PFNA (β = 0.09 (0.03–0.14)) and PFUnDA (β = 0.18 (0.13–0.23)) concentrations. Neither reduced lung function at birth, asthma, allergic rhinitis, AD nor allergic sensitization were significantly associated with any of the PFASs. Conclusion Although prenatal exposure to PFASs was not associated with atopic or lung manifestations by 10 years of age, several PFASs were associated with an increased number of respiratory tract infections in the first 10 years of life, suggesting immunosuppressive effects of PFASs.
Published: 2018

4. Paving the way of systems biology and precision medicine in allergic diseases: the Me <scp>DALL</scp> success story

Author: Erik Melén, Rudolph Valenta, Fanny Rancière, C. Tischer, I. Skrindo, Hamida Hammad, V. Anastasova, Leda Chatzi, C. Hohman, Magnus Wickman, M P Fantini, M. Torrent, Pascal Demoly, S. Palkonen, Esben Eller, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, N. Anderson, A. Bedbrook, Torsten Zuberbier, Rachel Nadif, Francesco Forastiere, K. Wenger, Sybille Koletzko, I. Annesi-Maesano, Jonathan M. Coquet, Yvan Saeys, Joachim Heinrich, Steffen Lau, Marit Westman, Bénédicte Jacquemin, L. von Hertzen, M. Standl, Marta Benet, Martijn J. Schuijs, Mirela Curin, Dirkje S. Postma, Valérie Siroux, Bart N. Lambrecht, E. Minina, Christian Lupinek, Vegard Hovland, Irina Lehmann, Jordi Sunyer, Dieter Maier, Stephane Ballereau, Anna Asarnoj, Jean Bousquet, Isabelle Momas, A. Rial-Sebbag, Gerard H. Koppelman, Cezmi A. Akdis, Isabelle Pin, A. von Berg, Henriette A. Smit, Manolis Kogevinas, Beatrix Gerhard, Claus Bachert, Emilie Burte, S. Guerra, Sandra Wieser, Bert Brunekreef, Johann Pellet, Ulrike Gehring, Renata Kiss, Petter Mowinckel, Cheng-Jian Xu, Anne Cambon-Thomsen, Jordi Mestres, Theresa Keller, Martijn C. Nawijn, Ferran Ballester, N. Ballardini, Tari Haahtela, Mariona Pinart, Charles Auffray, J. Garcia-Aymerich, J. Just, R. Albang, Marek L. Kowalski, Marjan Kerkhof, Inger Kull, Mika J. Mäkelä, G. De Carlo, J. De Vocht, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, Sam Oddie, A. Arno, Rosemary R. C. McEachan, X. Basagana, Thomas Keil, Daniela Porta, M. Akdis, Anna Bergström, Nathanaël Lemonnier, Raphaëlle Varraso, John Wright, Josep M. Antó, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, and D. Smagghe
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Allergy, education.field_of_study, business.industry, Systems biology, Immunology, Population, Atopic dermatitis, Omics, medicine.disease, Precision medicine, 3. Good health, Review article, 03 medical and health sciences, 030104 developmental biology, 0302 clinical medicine, 030228 respiratory system, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, media_common.cataloged_instance, European union, business, education, media_common
Abstract: MeDALL (Mechanisms of the Development of ALLergy; EU FP7-CP-IP; Project No: 261357; 2010-2015) has proposed an innovative approach to develop early indicators for the prediction, diagnosis, prevention and targets for therapy. MeDALL has linked epidemiological, clinical and basic research using a stepwise, large-scale and integrative approach: MeDALL data of precisely phenotyped children followed in 14 birth cohorts spread across Europe were combined with systems biology (omics, IgE measurement using microarrays) and environmental data. Multimorbidity in the same child is more common than expected by chance alone, suggesting that these diseases share causal mechanisms irrespective of IgE sensitization. IgE sensitization should be considered differently in monosensitized and polysensitized individuals. Allergic multimorbidities and IgE polysensitization are often associated with the persistence or severity of allergic diseases. Environmental exposures are relevant for the development of allergy-related diseases. To complement the population-based studies in children, MeDALL included mechanistic experimental animal studies and in vitro studies in humans. The integration of multimorbidities and polysensitization has resulted in a new classification framework of allergic diseases that could help to improve the understanding of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of allergy as well as to better manage allergic diseases. Ethics and gender were considered. MeDALL has deployed translational activities within the EU agenda.
Published: 2016

5. Vitamin D levels and atopic eczema in infancy and early childhood in Norway: a cohort study

Author: Maria Bradley, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, Per Medbøe Thorsby, Petter Gjersvik, Bente Kvenshagen, Petter Mowinckel, Agne Liedén, L. Sandvik, Håvard Ove Skjerven, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, Teresa Løvold Berents, Leif Bjarte Rolfsjord, and Jon Olav Gjengstø Hunderi
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Cross-sectional study, Population, Dermatology, Filaggrin Proteins, vitamin D deficiency, Dermatitis, Atopic, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Intermediate Filament Proteins, Vitamin D and neurology, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, education, Prospective cohort study, Calcifediol, 25-Hydroxyvitamin D 2, education.field_of_study, Norway, business.industry, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Atopic dermatitis, Vitamin D Deficiency, medicine.disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, 030104 developmental biology, Child, Preschool, Mutation, Cohort, business, Cohort study
Abstract: SummaryBackground Epidemiological data and the effect of sun exposure on atopic eczema (AE) suggest that vitamin D (vitD) may be involved in the pathogenesis. Objectives To investigate if vitD levels were associated with the presence or severity of AE in the first 2 years of life in children living in south-east Norway. Methods Infants, recruited to a clinical trial on acute bronchiolitis (n = 404) and from the general population (n = 240), were examined at 1–13 months (first visit) and at 2 years of age (second visit). Caregivers were interviewed using a structured questionnaire. AE was diagnosed clinically, based on well-established criteria. Disease severity was assessed using the SCORing Atopic Dermatitis index. Blood samples were taken for vitD measurements, using liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry and for common filaggrin mutation analyses. Complete data on AE and vitD were available in 596 and 449 children at the first and second visit, respectively. Results Atopic eczema was diagnosed in 67 children (11%) at the first visit and in 103 children (23%) at the second. Mean vitD levels were 58·2 nmol L−1 at the first visit and 66·9 nmol L−1 at the second. Using vitD level tertiles in multivariate regression analysis, there was no association between vitD levels and AE at either visit, regardless of filaggrin mutation. In children without AE at the first visit, vitD levels did not predict AE at the second. Conclusions In this cohort of young children in Norway, we found no association between vitD levels and the presence or severity of AE.
Published: 2016

6. Perfluoroalkyl substances, airways infections, allergy and asthma related health outcomes – implications of gender, exposure period and study design

Author: Berit Granum, Line Småstuen Haug, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, Unni Cecilie Nygaard, and Helen Engelstad Kvalem
Subjects: Male, Allergy, medicine.medical_specialty, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010501 environmental sciences, Infections, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Interquartile range, Internal medicine, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Hypersensitivity, medicine, Humans, Prospective Studies, Sexual Maturation, Child, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, General Environmental Science, Asthma, lcsh:GE1-350, Fluorocarbons, Respiratory tract infections, business.industry, Common cold, Atopic dermatitis, medicine.disease, Perfluorooctane, Cross-Sectional Studies, Alkanesulfonic Acids, chemistry, Environmental Pollutants, Female, business
Abstract: Introduction: Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) has been inconsistently associated with asthma, allergic diseases and airways infections in early childhood. The aim of the study was, therefore, to investigate the effect of childhood exposure to PFASs on asthma and allergy related outcomes and on airways infections before and during puberty using the prospective birth cohort Environment and Childhood Asthma (ECA) Study. Aspects of gender, exposure period and study design (cross-sectional and longitudinal) were also taken into consideration. Material and methods: Included in the study was 378 participants with PFAS measurements at age 10 years and follow-up data at ages 10 years (cross sectional data) and 16 years (longitudinal data). Eight PFASs with at least 70% of measurements above the limit of quantification (LOQ) in the child’s serum were included in the present study: perfluoroheptanoate (PFHpA), perfluorooctanoate (PFOA), perfluourononanoate (PFNA), perfluorodecanoate (PFDA), perfluoroundecanoate (PFUnDA), perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluoroheptane sulfonate (PFHpS) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS). The PFAS levels were converted into interquartile range (IQR). In addition, perfluorooctane sulfonamide (PFOSA) detected in 60% of the samples, was recoded into “not detected /detected”. Binomial, multinomial and linear regression were used, followed by Bonferroni adjustment to correct for multiple comparisons. Sensitivity analyses evaluating the effect of extreme PFAS values and gender were performed. Results: In the cross sectional data at 10 years a positive statistically significant association was seen between PFHpA and asthma in girls. In the longitudinal data, PFNA, PFDA and PFUnDA were inversely associated with atopic dermatitis (AD) in girls and with PFHxS in all participants and in boys. Further, PFNA and PFHpS were positively associated with rhinitis in girls and with PFOA in all participants. There seems to be a suggestive pattern of increased risk of allergic sensitisation in all participants and a decreased risk in boys, but due to different results in main and sensitivity analyses these findings should be interpreted with caution. No associations were found between PFASs and lung function. For airways infections and longitudinal data, PFDA was inversely associated with common cold, while positive association was found for PFHpA, PFOA, PFHpS and PFOS and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI). Discussion and conclusion: Our results lend further support for an immunosuppressive effect of PFASs on AD and LRTI. Gender seems to be important for some exposure-health associations. No clear pattern in exposure-health associations was observed with regard to exposure period or study design, with the exception of asthma where significant findings have mostly been reported in cross-sectional studies. Keywords: Perfluoroalkyl substances, Asthma, airways infections, Allergic diseases, Immunosuppression, Immunotoxicity, Childhood, Puberty
Published: 2020

7. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) Phase 4 (2018): Change management in allergic rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity using mobile technology

Author: Karin C. Lødrup Carlsen, L. Cecchi, F. Portejoie, T. Vontetsianos, Olivier Vandenplas, M. van Hague, D. Mora Bogado, M. Illario, Dana Wallace, L. Namazova-Baranova, E. Asayag, I. Ribeirinho, E. Costa, Shona Pedersen, Inger Kull, Davor Plavec, M. Morais-Almeida, Mickael Bewick, N.H. Chavannes, I. J. Ansotegui, G. De Carlo, K. S. Bennoor, Faradiba Sarquis Serpa, S. Arnavielle, F. Corti, Moises A. Calderon, Martín Bedolla-Barajas, Mette Sørensen, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Elaine Colgan, Przemyslaw Kardas, M. van Eerd, Jorge Maspero, Valérie Siroux, Isabelle Momas, Ralph Mösges, Yves Dauvilliers, T. Keil, T. Bieber, Marit Westman, Rachel Nadif, O. Pfaar, A.C. Carvalho Coehlo, R. M. Cortés-Grimaldo, I. Skrindo, Piotr Kuna, Nicola Scichilone, Antonella Muraro, Kimihiro Okubo, Paulo Augusto Moreira Camargos, C. Cartier, Oliver Pfaar, K. Ohta, Barbara P. Yawn, Igor Kaidashev, Michel Thibaudon, X. Basagana, I. Kaidashev, Bilun Gemicioglu, S. Genova, Hae-Sim Park, J.J. Matta Campos, Simon Walker, Ulf Darsow, Fulvio Braido, J. Salimäki, T. Zuberbier, Raphaël Chiron, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, G.D. Marshall, Branislava Milenkovic, W. J. Fokkens, Eric D. Bateman, Robert M. Naclerio, Steve Montefort, M. de Fátima Emerson, T. Werfel, Cemal Cingi, A. Szylling, Martin Wagenmann, I. Baiardini, L. T. T. Le, N. Khaltaev, Ki-Suck Jung, Agnieszka Lipiec, Panayiotis K. Yiallouros, A Valero, R. Gerth van Wijk, L. Hernández, Marek L. Kowalski, C. Zubrinich, Sinthia Bosnic-Anticevich, Miguel A. Sierra, Erik Melén, T. Haahtela, Rute Almeida, Violeta Kvedariene, R. Pawankar, T.A. Popov, Flore Amat, Sanna Toppila-Salmi, M. Gotua, A. Sheikh, A. Bedbrook, Torsten Zuberbier, B. De Martino, Gérard Dray, Francesca Avolio, E. Mandajieva, B. Samolinski, Petr Panzner, P. Kuna, Philippe-Jean Bousquet, T. D. Nyembue, Luo Zhang, Leyla Namazova-Baranova, Ana Maria Carriazo, João Fonseca, E. Van Ganse, Roland Buhl, M. Bochenska Marciniak, Cristiana Stellato, J. da Silva, J. E. Gereda, Han-Jung Park, M.C. Costa-Dominguez, W. Carr, Dirceu Solé, S. Forti, Nanshan Zhong, Jordi Sunyer, Alain Didier, Y. Z. Chen, Thomas B. Casale, Jim Phillips, Isabelle Bosse, Manuel Teixeira Veríssimo, D. Y. Wang, U. Trama, Cristina Bárbara, David Somekh, T. Camuzat, R. N. Naclerio, Enrico Novellino, Leszek Klimek, M. Rodriguez Gonzalez, Holger J. Schünemann, Mario Barbagallo, D. Larenas-Linnemann, Mario Sánchez-Borges, Massimo Triggiani, Y. Okamoto, E. Mathieu-Dupas, N. Di Carluccio, S. Toppila-Salmi, Omer Kalayci, Rudolf Valenta, J. Coll, F. de Blay, Wienczyslawa Czarlewski, W. Pohl, Piotr Wroczyński, Kian Fan Chung, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Pascal Demoly, Hubert Blain, M. Crescenzo, O. Kalayci, Leocadio Rodríguez-Mañas, G. Moda, L. Cox, Z. Gutter, A. Mair, Andrew Bush, Maria-Dolores Mogica-Martinez, Giorgio Walter Canonica, Antonio Valero, Daniel Laune, A. Zurkuhlen, Paul C. Potter, D. Wallace, Gabrielle L. Onorato, Mihaela Zidarn, E.P. Prokopakis, Anne Lise Courbis, Sergio Bonini, Ruta Dubakiene, A. Papi, Y. El-Gamal, Jacques Mercier, Wytske Fokkens, Rodolphe Bourret, S. Palkonen, A. Yorgancioglu, G. Vezzani, J. A. Rizzo, D. Plavec, D. Caillot, G. De Feo, E. Menditto, Caterina Bucca, A. C. Pozzi, Hironori Sagara, I. Grisle, I. Pin, Christopher E. Brightling, Ludger Klimek, F.F. Morato-Castro, Désirée Larenas-Linnemann, Alessandro Vatrella, A. A. Cruz, Guy Joos, E.D. Bateman, Erendira Rodriguez-Zagal, H. Douagui, T. To, Edgardo Jares, C. Bindslev-Jensen, G. Levato, J. O. B. Hourihane, R. Rajabian-Soderlund, C. Odzhakova, J. Bousquet, M. T. Ventura, Arzu Yorgancioglu, Osman M. Yusuf, H. J. Zar, Giovanni Rolla, Sebastian L. Johnston, M.S. Dykewicz, Esben Eller, A. Gamkrelidze, Filip Raciborski, Renzo Angles, Rafael Stelmach, M. Nogues, David Price, Mário Morais-Almeida, Tari Haahtela, Teresa To, D. Conforti, Stephen R. Durham, S. Gonzalez Diaz, V. Cardona, Werner Aberer, B. Milenkovic, Luigi Napoli, K. C. Bergmann, P W Hellings, M. Lessa, P. Panzner, Alfonso M. Cepeda Sarabia, M. Guidacci, A.L. Matos, Todor A. Popov, C. Suppli Ulrik, Diana Deleanu, N. de Paula Motta Rubini, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, I. Majer, Ioana Agache, B. A. Barreto, R. Picard, Erkka Valovirta, A. Fink-Wagner, L. Colas, João O. Malva, Thomas Keil, M. T. Burguete Cabañas, Bolesław Samoliński, M.H. Garcia-Cruz, L.P. Boulet, K. Nekam, Edyta Krzych-Fałta, P. Devillier, J. Ferreira de Mello, Jussi Karjalainen, I. Bogus-Buczynska, Susan Waserman, Marcus Maurer, Tomas Chivato, Elena Bacci, M. Przemecka, Olga Lourenço, José Miguel Fuentes-Pérez, M. Zidarn, Talant Sooronbaev, J.M. Anto, W. Czarlewski, R. Murray, Luís Nogueira-Silva, G. Passalacqua, E. Chkhartishvili, Oscar Mayora, Victoria Cardona, M. Sondermann, Piotr Lacwik, S. Ouedraogo, I. Baroni, Artur Z. Białoszewski, G Scadding, J. Strozek, R. Emuzyte, Neven Miculinic, Ruby Pawankar, Ken Ohta, I. Agache, J.L. Gálvez-Romero, Nikos G. Papadopoulos, E. O. Meltzer, I. Annesi-Maesano, E. De Manuel Keenoy, Jorge A. Luna-Pech, Ana Margarida Pereira, Paul Potter, M. Ortega Cisneros, J. Li, K. F. Rabe, M. Rottem, Mikael Benson, Ali Fuat Kalyoncu, Dermot Ryan, Dieter Maier, C.Y. García-Cobas, S. Bialek, G. Du Toit, S. Shamai, S. Mavale-Manuel, Rojin Rajabian-Soderlund, Maddalena Illario, Philippe Devillier, F. Rodenas, Emmanuel P. Prokopakis, De Yun Wang, Niels H. Chavannes, E.H.D. Bel, Bianca Beghe, Sietze Reitsma, John Wright, O. Lourenço, L.T.T. Le, Josep M. Antó, T. Casale, Paul K. Keith, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, P. Demoly, Mikael Kuitunen, Marc Humbert, A. M. Cepeda Sarabia, Ignacio J. Ansotegui, M.C. Rizzo, Davide Caimmi, Milan Sova, Nick A. Guldemond, P. Yakovliev, Judah A. Denburg, Jaime Correia de Sousa, Elisabete Melo-Gomes, Aziz Sheikh, I. Bosse, M. M. Ciaravolo, S. Di Capua Ercolano, Alpana Mair, P. Lieberman, Isabella Pali-Schöll, Leif Bjermer, G. De Vries, M. Roman Rodriguez, Johanna Salimäki, Carmen Panaitescu, F. Mihaltan, Giulia De Feo, F. E. R. Simons, A. Blua, B. Mahboub, D. Ryan, M. Bewick, Anabela Mota-Pinto, J.A. Fonseca, Neil Wilson, Marek Jutel, Dennis M. Williams, M. Akdis, Menachem Rottem, Marcello Persico, J. C. Ivancevich, Nelson Rosario, A. Farsi, Alvaro A. Cruz, Liguo Zhang, Anna Bedbrook, L. Bertorello, Magnus Wickman, Marilyn Urrutia-Pereira, O. Spranger, René Maximiliano Gómez, C. Bachert, Renaud Louis, Musa Khaitov, C. Stellato, Constantinos Pitsios, Roland Buonaiuto, A. Romano, Sîan A Williams, R. Puy, Daniela Rivero-Yeverino, Y. Mohammad, J. Farrell, Jan Brozek, Ricardo Pio Monti, E. Paulino, J. Correia de Sousa, Miguel Alejandro Medina-Ávalos, Jocelyne Just, Peter Valentin Tomazic, Jean-François Ferrero, Antoine Magnan, S. Waserman, J Rosado-Pinto, Maciek Kupczyk, C.S. Bosnic-Anticevich, T. Dedeu, Tommi Vasankari, R. Mösges, Robin O'Hehir, Ema Paulino, Peter Hellings, A. Neou, M. Wickman, D. Lauri, Jean Bousquet, A. Ciceran, Jacques Bouchard, Yehia El-Gamal, M.G. Dominguez-Silva, M.R. Alberti, Jean-Louis Pépin, Kimi Okubo, Juan Carlos Ivancevich, Patrik Eklund, Benoit Pugin, C. Dario, Mussa Khaitov, Luisa Brussino, A.G. Chuchalin, Elísio Costa, Susanna Palkonen, Lars Münter, Pedro Carreiro-Martins, R.E. Pulido Ross, Ettore Novellino, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, María Antonieta Guzmán, G.W. Canonica, Gabriel Onorato, Giuseppe De Carlo, R.E. Roller-Wirnsberger, Brian J. Lipworth, M. A. Guzman, J.N. Tebyriçá, Adnan Custovic, Yoshitaka Okamoto, Rimantas Stukas, P. Manning, J. Sastre-Dominguez, Caroline L.S. George, Robyn E O'Hehir, K. Maciej, Bassam Mahboub, J. F. Fontaine, Arũnas Valiulis, Xavier Rodó, D. Vicheva, G. Canfora, Vitalis Briedis, S. Rodrigues Valle, Mark S. Dykewicz, Joanne Rimmer, G. Castellano, B. Pigearias, A. L. Boner, Yunuen Rocío Huerta-Villalobos, Christine Rolland, H. Neffen, H. Arshad, Javier Gómez-Vera, P. Moura Santo, Frederic Viart, F. Blasi, J. Garcia-Aymerich, Lorenzo Cecchi, V. Niedeberger, Giorgio Ciprandi, F. Caballero-Fonseca, Jean-François Fontaine, J Mullol, Maurizio Romano, M. Viegi, Mario E. Zernotti, Arunas Valiulis, Anna Asarnoj, Antonio Nieto, J. Lavrut, D. Dokic, V. Kvedariene, Ewa Jassem, Cezmi A. Akdis, Ruth Murray, Claus Bachert, Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier, Emilie Burte, Joaquim Mullol, Guido Iaccarino, J. Kleine-Tebbe, P. V. Tomazic, E. Eller, Alessandro Fiocchi, H.J. Schunemann, M. Sorlini, C. Robalo-Cordeiro, Ana-Maria Todo-Bom, J. Brozek, Marco Nalin, Matteo Bonini, J. C. Sisul, S.E. Dahlen, F. Amat, Juan Carlos Sisul, Jawad Hajjam, Ana Todo-Bom, Enrica Menditto, Bousquet J., Hellings P.W., Agache I., Amat F., Annesi-Maesano I., Ansotegui I.J., Anto J.M., Bachert C., Bateman E.D., Bedbrook A., Bennoor K., Bewick M., Bindslev-Jensen C., Bosnic-Anticevich S., Bosse I., Brozek J., Brussino L., Canonica G.W., Cardona V., Casale T., Cepeda Sarabia A.M., Chavannes N.H., Cecchi L., Correia de Sousa J., Costa E., Cruz A.A., Czarlewski W., De Carlo G., De Feo G., Demoly P., Devillier P., Dykewicz M.S., El-Gamal Y., Eller E.E., Fonseca J.A., Fontaine J.-F., Fokkens W.J., Guzman M.-A., Haahtela T., Illario M., Ivancevich J.-C., Just J., Kaidashev I., Khaitov M., Kalayci O., Keil T., Klimek L., Kowalski M.L., Kuna P., Kvedariene V., Larenas-Linnemann D., Laune D., Le L.T.T., Carlsen K.L., Lourenco O., Mahboub B., Mair A., Menditto E., Milenkovic B., Morais-Almeida M., Mosges R., Mullol J., Murray R., Naclerio R., Namazova-Baranova L., Novellino E., O'Hehir R.E., Ohta K., Okamoto Y., Okubo K., Onorato G.L., Palkonen S., Panzner P., Papadopoulos N.G., Park H.-S., Paulino E., Pawankar R., Pfaar O., Plavec D., Popov T.A., Potter P., Prokopakis E.P., Rottem M., Ryan D., Salimaki J., Samolinski B., Sanchez-Borges M., Schunemann H.J., Sheikh A., Sisul J.-C., Rajabian-Soderlund R., Sooronbaev T., Stellato C., To T., Todo-Bom A.-M., Tomazic P.-V., Toppila-Salmi S., Valero A., Valiulis A., Valovirta E., Ventura M.-T., Wagenmann M., Wang D.Y., Wallace D., Waserman S., Wickman M., Yorgancioglu A., Zhang L., Zhong N., Zidarn M., Zuberbier T., Aberer W., Akdis C.A., Akdis M., Alberti M.R., Almeida R., Angles R., Arnavielle S., Asayag E., Asarnoj A., Arshad H., Avolio F., Bacci E., Baiardini I., Barbara C., Barbagallo M., Baroni I., Barreto B.A., Basagana X., Bedolla-Barajas M., Beghe B., Bel E.H., Bergmann K.C., Benson M., Bertorello L., Bialoszewski A.Z., Bieber T., Bialek S., Bjermer L., Blain H., Blasi F., Blua A., Bochenska Marciniak M., Bogus-Buczynska I., Boner A.L., Bonini M., Bonini S., Bouchard J., Boulet L.P., Bourret R., Braido F., Briedis V., Brightling C.E., Bucca C., Buhl R., Buonaiuto R., Panaitescu C., Burguete Cabanas M.T., Burte E., Bush A., Caballero-Fonseca F., Caillot D., Caimmi D., Calderon M.A., Camargos P.A.M., Camuzat T., Canfora G., Carreiro-Martins P., Carriazo A.M., Carr W., Cartier C., Castellano G., Chen Y., Chiron R., Chivato T., Chkhartishvili E., Chuchalin A.G., Chung K.F., Ciaravolo M.M., Ciceran A., Cingi C., Ciprandi G., Carvalho Coehlo A.C., Colas L., Colgan E., Coll J., Conforti D., Cortes-Grimaldo R.M., Corti F., Costa-Dominguez M.C., Courbis A.L., Cox L., Crescenzo M., Custovic A., Dahlen S.E., Dario C., da Silva J., Dauvilliers Y., Darsow U., De Blay F., Dedeu T., de Fatima Emerson M., De Vries G., De Martino B., de Paula Motta Rubini N., Deleanu D., Denburg J.A., Di Capua Ercolano S., Di Carluccio N., Didier A., Dokic D., Dominguez-Silva M.G., Douagui H., Dray G., Dubakiene R., Durham S.R., Du Toit G., Eklund P., Emuzyte R., Farrell J., Farsi A., Ferreira de Mello J., Ferrero J., Fink-Wagner A., Fiocchi A., Forti S., Fuentes-Perez J.M., Galvez-Romero J.L., Gamkrelidze A., Garcia-Aymerich J., Garcia-Cobas C.Y., Garcia-Cruz M.H., Gemicioglu B., Genova S., George C., Gereda J.E., Gerth van Wijk R., Gomez R.M., Gomez-Vera J., Gonzalez Diaz S., Gotua M., Grisle I., Guidacci M., Guldemond N.A., Gutter Z., Hajjam J., Hernandez L., Hourihane J.O., Huerta-Villalobos Y.R., Humbert M., Iaccarino G., Jares E.J., Jassem E., Johnston S.L., Joos G., Jung K.S., Jutel M., Kalyoncu A.F., Karjalainen J., Kardas P., Keith P.K., Khaltaev N., Kleine-Tebbe J., Kuitunen M., Kull I., Kupczyk M., Krzych-Falta E., Lacwik P., Lauri D., Lavrut J., Lessa M., Levato G., Li J., Lieberman P., Lipiec A., Lipworth B., Lodrup Carlsen K.C., Louis R., Luna-Pech J.A., Maciej K., Magnan A., Maier D., Majer I., Malva J., Mandajieva E., Manning P., De Manuel Keenoy E., Marshall G.D., Masjedi M.R., Maspero J.F., Mathieu-Dupas E., Matta Campos J.J., Matos A.L., Maurer M., Mavale-Manuel S., Mayora O., Medina-Avalos M.A., Melen E., Melo-Gomes E., Meltzer E.O., Mercier J., Miculinic N., Mihaltan F., Moda G., Mogica-Martinez M.D., Mohammad Y., Momas I., Montefort S., Monti R., Mora Bogado D., Morato-Castro F.F., Mota-Pinto A., Moura Santo P., Munter L., Muraro A., Nadif R., Nalin M., Napoli L., Neffen H., Niedeberger V., Nekam K., Neou A., Nieto A., Nogueira-Silva L., Nogues M., Nyembue T.D., Odzhakova C., Ortega Cisneros M., Ouedraogo S., Pali-Scholl I., Papi A., Passalacqua G., Pedersen S., Pepin J.L., Pereira A.M., Persico M., Phillips J., Picard R., Pigearias B., Pin I., Pitsios C., Pohl W., Portejoie F., Pozzi A.C., Price D., Puy R., Pugin B., Pulido Ross R.E., Przemecka M., Rabe K.F., Raciborski F., Reitsma S., Ribeirinho I., Rimmer J., Rivero-Yeverino D., Rizzo J.A., Rizzo M.C., Robalo-Cordeiro C., Rodenas F., Rodo X., Rodriguez Gonzalez M., Rodriguez-Manas L., Rolland C., Rodrigues Valle S., Roman Rodriguez M., Romano A., Rodriguez-Zagal E., Rolla G., Roller-Wirnsberger R.E., Romano M., Rosado-Pinto J., Rosario N., Sagara H., Sastre-Dominguez J., Scadding G.K., Scichilone N., Schmid-Grendelmeier P., Serpa F.S., Shamai S., Sierra M., Simons F.E.R., Siroux V., Skrindo I., Sole D., Somekh D., Sondermann M., Sova M., Sorensen M., Sorlini M., Spranger O., Stelmach R., Stukas R., Sunyer J., Strozek J., Szylling A., Tebyrica J.N., Thibaudon M., Trama U., Triggiani M., Suppli Ulrik C., Urrutia-Pereira M., Valenta R., van Eerd M., van Ganse E., van Hague M., Vandenplas O., Vezzani G., Vasankari T., Vatrella A., Verissimo M.T., Viart F., Viegi M., Vicheva D., Vontetsianos T., Walker S., Werfel T., Westman M., Williams D.M., Williams S., Wilson N., Wright J., Wroczynski P., Yakovliev P., Yawn B.P., Yiallouros P.K., Yusuf O.M., Zar H.J., Zernotti M.E., Zubrinich C., Zurkuhlen A., Bousquet, Jean, Hellings, Peter W., Agache, Ioana, Amat, Flore, Annesi-Maesano, Isabella, Ansotegui, Ignacio J., Anto, Josep M., Bachert, Clau, Bateman, Eric D., Bedbrook, Anna, Bennoor, Kazi, Bewick, Mickael, Bindslev-Jensen, Carsten, Bosnic-Anticevich, Sinthia, Bosse, Isabelle, Brozek, Jan, Brussino, Luisa, Canonica, Giorgio W., Cardona, Victoria, Casale, Thoma, Cepeda Sarabia, Alfonso M., Chavannes, Niels H., Cecchi, Lorenzo, Correia de Sousa, Jaime, Costa, Elisio, Cruz, Alvaro A., Czarlewski, Wienczyslawa, De Carlo, Giuseppe, De Feo, Giulia, Demoly, Pascal, Devillier, Philippe, Dykewicz, Mark S., El-Gamal, Yehia, Eller, Esben E., Fonseca, Joao A., Fontaine, Jean-Françoi, Fokkens, Wytske J., Guzmán, Maria-Antonieta, Haahtela, Tari, Illario, Maddalena, Ivancevich, Juan-Carlo, Just, Jocelyne, Kaidashev, Igor, Khaitov, Musa, Kalayci, Omer, Keil, Thoma, Klimek, Ludger, Kowalski, Marek L., Kuna, Piotr, Kvedariene, Violeta, Larenas-Linnemann, Desiree, Laune, Daniel, Le, Lan T. T., Carlsen, Karin Lodrup, Lourenço, Olga, Mahboub, Bassam, Mair, Alpana, Menditto, Enrica, Milenkovic, Branislava, Morais-Almeida, Mario, Mösges, Ralph, Mullol, Joaquim, Murray, Ruth, Naclerio, Robert, Namazova-Baranova, Leyla, Novellino, Ettore, O'Hehir, Robyn E., Ohta, Ken, Okamoto, Yoshitaka, Okubo, Kimi, Onorato, Gabrielle L., Palkonen, Susanna, Panzner, Petr, Papadopoulos, Nikos G., Park, Hae-Sim, Paulino, Ema, Pawankar, Ruby, Pfaar, Oliver, Plavec, Davor, Popov, Ted A., Potter, Paul, Prokopakis, Emmanuel P., Rottem, Menachem, Ryan, Dermot, Salimäki, Johanna, Samolinski, Boleslaw, Sanchez-Borges, Mario, Schunemann, Holger J., Sheikh, Aziz, Sisul, Juan-Carlo, Rajabian-Söderlund, Rojin, Sooronbaev, Talant, Stellato, Cristiana, To, Teresa, Todo-Bom, Ana-Maria, Tomazic, Peter-Valentin, Toppila-Salmi, Sanna, Valero, Antonio, Valiulis, Aruna, Valovirta, Erkka, Ventura, Maria-Teresa, Wagenmann, Martin, Wang, De Yun, Wallace, Dana, Waserman, Susan, Wickman, Magnu, Yorgancioglu, Arzu, Zhang, Luo, Zhong, Nanshan, Zidarn, Mihaela, Zuberbier, Torsten, Bousquet, J., Hellings, P. W., Aberer, W., Agache, I., Akdis, C. A., Akdis, M., Alberti, M. R., Almeida, R., Amat, F., Angles, R., Annesi-Maesano, I., Ansotegui, I. J., Anto, J. M., Arnavielle, S., Asayag, E., Asarnoj, A., Arshad, H., Avolio, F., Bacci, E., Bachert, C., Baiardini, I., Barbara, C., Barbagallo, M., Baroni, I., Barreto, B. A., Basagana, X., Bateman, E. D., Bedolla-Barajas, M., Bedbrook, A., Bewick, M., Beghé, B., Bel, E. H., Bergmann, K. C., Bennoor, K. S., Benson, M., Bertorello, L., Białoszewski, A. Z., Bieber, T., Bialek, S., Bindslev-Jensen, C., Bjermer, L., Blain, H., Blasi, F., Blua, A., Bochenska Marciniak, M., Bogus-Buczynska, I., Boner, A. L., Bonini, M., Bonini, S., Bosnic-Anticevich, C. S., Bosse, I., Bouchard, J., Boulet, L. P., Bourret, R., Bousquet, P. J., Braido, F., Briedis, V., Brightling, C. E., Brozek, J., Bucca, C., Buhl, R., Buonaiuto, R., Panaitescu, C., Burguete Cabañas, M. T., Burte, E., Bush, A., Caballero-Fonseca, F., Caillot, D., Caimmi, D., Calderon, M. A., Camargos, P. A. M., Camuzat, T., Canfora, G., Canonica, G. W., Cardona, V., Carlsen, K. H., Carreiro-Martins, P., Carriazo, A. M., Carr, W., Cartier, C., Casale, T., Castellano, G., Cecchi, L., Cepeda Sarabia, A. M., Chavannes, N. H., Chen, Y., Chiron, R., Chivato, T., Chkhartishvili, E., Chuchalin, A. G., Chung, K. F., Ciaravolo, M. M., Ciceran, A., Cingi, C., Ciprandi, G., Carvalho Coehlo, A. C., Colas, L., Colgan, E., Coll, J., Conforti, D., Correia de Sousa, J., Cortés-Grimaldo, R. M., Corti, F., Costa, E., Costa-Dominguez, M. C., Courbis, A. L., Cox, L., Crescenzo, M., Cruz, A. A., Custovic, A., Czarlewski, W., Dahlen, S. E., Dario, C., da Silva, J., Dauvilliers, Y., Darsow, U., De Blay, F., De Carlo, G., Dedeu, T., de Fátima Emerson, M., De Feo, G., De Vries, G., De Martino, B., de Paula Motta Rubini, N., Deleanu, D., Demoly, P., Denburg, J. A., Devillier, P., Di Capua Ercolano, S., Di Carluccio, N., Didier, A., Dokic, D., Dominguez-Silva, M. G., Douagui, H., Dray, G., Dubakiene, R., Durham, S. R., Du Toit, G., Dykewicz, M. S., El-Gamal, Y., Eklund, P., Eller, E., Emuzyte, R., Farrell, J., Farsi, A., Ferreira de Mello, J., Ferrero, J., Fink-Wagner, A., Fiocchi, A., Fokkens, W. J., Fonseca, J. A., Fontaine, J. F., Forti, S., Fuentes-Perez, J. M., Gálvez-Romero, J. L., Gamkrelidze, A., Garcia-Aymerich, J., García-Cobas, C. Y., Garcia-Cruz, M. H., Gemicioğlu, B., Genova, S., George, C., Gereda, J. E., Gerth van Wijk, R., Gomez, R. M., Gómez-Vera, J., González Diaz, S., Gotua, M., Grisle, I., Guidacci, M., Guldemond, N. A., Gutter, Z., Guzmán, M. A., Haahtela, T., Hajjam, J., Hernández, L., Hourihane, J. O. 'B., Huerta-Villalobos, Y. R., Humbert, M., Iaccarino, G., Illario, M., Ivancevich, J. C., Jares, E. J., Jassem, E., Johnston, S. L., Joos, G., Jung, K. S., Jutel, M., Kaidashev, I., Kalayci, O., Kalyoncu, A. F., Karjalainen, J., Kardas, P., Keil, T., Keith, P. K., Khaitov, M., Khaltaev, N., Kleine-Tebbe, J., Klimek, L., Kowalski, M. L., Kuitunen, M., Kull, I., Kuna, P., Kupczyk, M., Kvedariene, V., Krzych-Fałta, E., Lacwik, P., Larenas-Linnemann, D., Laune, D., Lauri, D., Lavrut, J., Le, L. T. T., Lessa, M., Levato, G., Li, J., Lieberman, P., Lipiec, A., Lipworth, B., Lodrup Carlsen, K. C., Louis, R., Lourenço, O., Luna-Pech, J. A., Maciej, K., Magnan, A., Mahboub, B., Maier, D., Mair, A., Majer, I., Malva, J., Mandajieva, E., Manning, P., De Manuel Keenoy, E., Marshall, G. D., Masjedi, M. R., Maspero, J. F., Mathieu-Dupas, E., Matta Campos, J. J., Matos, A. L., Maurer, M., Mavale-Manuel, S., Mayora, O., Medina-Avalos, M. A., Melén, E., Melo-Gomes, E., Meltzer, E. O., Menditto, E., Mercier, J., Miculinic, N., Mihaltan, F., Milenkovic, B., Moda, G., Mogica-Martinez, M. D., Mohammad, Y., Momas, I., Montefort, S., Monti, R., Mora Bogado, D., Morais-Almeida, M., Morato-Castro, F. F., Mösges, R., Mota-Pinto, A., Moura Santo, P., Mullol, J., Münter, L., Muraro, A., Murray, R., Naclerio, R., Nadif, R., Nalin, M., Napoli, L., Namazova-Baranova, L., Neffen, H., Niedeberger, V., Nekam, K., Neou, A., Nieto, A., Nogueira-Silva, L., Nogues, M., Novellino, E., Nyembue, T. D., O'Hehir, R. E., Odzhakova, C., Ohta, K., Okamoto, Y., Okubo, K., Onorato, G. L., Ortega Cisneros, M., Ouedraogo, S., Pali-Schöll, I., Palkonen, S., Panzner, P., Papadopoulos, N. G., Park, H. S., Papi, A., Passalacqua, G., Paulino, E., Pawankar, R., Pedersen, S., Pépin, J. L., Pereira, A. M., Persico, M., Pfaar, O., Phillips, J., Picard, R., Pigearias, B., Pin, I., Pitsios, C., Plavec, D., Pohl, W., Popov, T. A., Portejoie, F., Potter, P., Pozzi, A. C., Price, D., Prokopakis, E. P., Puy, R., Pugin, B., Pulido Ross, R. E., Przemecka, M., Rabe, K. F., Raciborski, F., Rajabian-Soderlund, R., Reitsma, S., Ribeirinho, I., Rimmer, J., Rivero-Yeverino, D., Rizzo, J. A., Rizzo, M. C., Robalo-Cordeiro, C., Rodenas, F., Rodo, X., Rodriguez Gonzalez, M., Rodriguez-Mañas, L., Rolland, C., Rodrigues Valle, S., Roman Rodriguez, M., Romano, A., Rodriguez-Zagal, E., Rolla, G., Roller-Wirnsberger, R. E., Romano, M., Rosado-Pinto, J., Rosario, N., Rottem, M., Ryan, D., Sagara, H., Salimäki, J., Samolinski, B., Sanchez-Borges, M., Sastre-Dominguez, J., Scadding, G. K., Schunemann, H. J., Scichilone, N., Schmid-Grendelmeier, P., Serpa, F. S., Shamai, S., Sheikh, A., Sierra, M., Simons, F. E. R., Siroux, V., Sisul, J. C., Skrindo, I., Solé, D., Somekh, D., Sondermann, M., Sooronbaev, T., Sova, M., Sorensen, M., Sorlini, M., Spranger, O., Stellato, C., Stelmach, R., Stukas, R., Sunyer, J., Strozek, J., Szylling, A., Tebyriçá, J. N., Thibaudon, M., To, T., Todo-Bom, A., Tomazic, P. V., Toppila-Salmi, S., Trama, U., Triggiani, M., Suppli Ulrik, C., Urrutia-Pereira, M., Valenta, R., Valero, A., Valiulis, A., Valovirta, E., van Eerd, M., van Ganse, E., van Hague, M., Vandenplas, O., Ventura, M. T., Vezzani, G., Vasankari, T., Vatrella, A., Verissimo, M. T., Viart, F., Viegi, M., Vicheva, D., Vontetsianos, T., Wagenmann, M., Walker, S., Wallace, D., Wang, D. Y., Waserman, S., Werfel, T., Westman, M., Wickman, M., Williams, D. M., Williams, S., Wilson, N., Wright, J., Wroczynski, P., Yakovliev, P., Yawn, B. P., Yiallouros, P. K., Yorgancioglu, A., Yusuf, O. M., Zar, H. J., Zhang, L., Zhong, N., Zernotti, M. E., Zidarn, M., Zuberbier, T., Zubrinich, C., Zurkuhlen, A., CHU Montpellier, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon (MACVIA-LR), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Vieillissement et Maladies chroniques : approches épidémiologique et de santé publique (VIMA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), European Forum for Research and Education in Allergy and Airway Diseases (EUFOREA), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Laboratory of clinical immunology, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Transylvania University of Brasov, Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Epidémiologie, Systèmes d'Information, Modélisation, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pitié-Salpêtrière [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department [iPlesp] (EPAR), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Department of Allergy and Immunology, Hospital Quirónsalud Bizkaia [Bilbao], Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF)-Catalunya ministerio de salud, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hacettepe University = Hacettepe Üniversitesi, Mechanobiology Institute [Singapore] (MBI), National University of Singapore (NUS), Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Medicine, McMaster University [Hamilton, Ontario], Department of Dermatology [Graz, Austria], Medical University Graz, Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research (SIAF), Universität Zürich [Zürich] = University of Zurich (UZH), Department Engineering Quimica (ICEMS), Ghent University Hospital, Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, sezione di Bari (INFN, sezione di Bari), Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare (INFN), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, University of Cape Town, Divisions of Human Genetics Infection, Inflammation and Repair, University of Southampton-School of Medicine, Centre de gérontologie, Department of Pathophysiology and Transplantation, Università degli Studi di Milano = University of Milan (UNIMI), Istituto di Geoscienze e Georisorse, Pavia, Institute of Neurobiology and Molecular Medicine, CNR, Rome, Italy and Department of Medicine-University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research [Sydney], The University of Sydney, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Departments of Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics and Medicine [Ontario], Service greffe de moelle osseuse, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Département pneumologie et addictologie [Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Royal Brompton Hospital, Région Languedoc-Roussillon-Midi-Pyrénées, Vall d'Hebron University Hospital [Barcelona], University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence (UniFI), University of Michigan, Department of Atmospheric, Centres de Ressources et de Compétences de la Mucoviscidose [Montpellier] (CRCM [Montpellier]), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve-Service des Maladies Respiratoires, Russian State Medical University, Universidade do Porto, Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular (IBMC), UCB Pharma, Colombes, Hôpital Gui de Chauliac [CHU Montpellier], CHU Strasbourg, European Federation of Allergy (EFA), Airways Diseases Patients' Associations, Università degli Studi di Salerno = University of Salerno (UNISA), Laboratoire de recherche sur les mécanismes moléculaires et pharmacologiques de l’obstruction bronchique (LOBIP), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire de Génie Informatique et Ingénierie de Production (LGI2P), IMT - MINES ALES (IMT - MINES ALES), Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT), Linköping University (LIU), Department of Dermatology and Allergy Centre, Odense University Hospital, Vilnius University [Vilnius], Center of Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems (CINTESIS), Universidade do Porto = University of Porto, Institut d'Electronique du Solide et des Systèmes (InESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Son Pisa Primary Care Centre, IB-Salut Balearic Health Service, Center for Allergy and Immunology Research [Tbilisi], Department of Dermatology, Helsinki University Hospital-Skin and Allergy Hospital, Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute (SMHI), CORYSS-TESS, Ukrainina Medical Stomatological Academy [Poltava, Ukraine], Institute of Social Medicine, Epidemiology and Health Economics-Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Biologie des organismes marins et écosystèmes (BOME), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), NRC Institute of immunology FMBA, Moscow Russian federation, Allergy and Asthma Center Westend, German Society for Otorhinolaryngology HNS, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, The Institute of Environmental Medicine [Stockholm] (IMM), Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Medical University of Łódź (MUL), Hospital Medica Sur, Institut de Recherche en Infectiologie de Montpellier (IRIM), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Applied Physical Chemistry Laboratory (APCLab), Institute of Geophysics and Planetary Physics [Los Angeles] (IGPP), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Équipe de Recherche en Textes, Informatique, Multilinguisme (ERTIM), Institut National des Langues et Civilisations Orientales (Inalco), Institute of Oceanology [China], University of Beira Interior [Portugal] (UBI), Unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax (ITX-lab), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Nantes - UFR de Médecine et des Techniques Médicales (UFR MEDECINE), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), Pulmonary and allergy unit, American University of Sharjah-Rashid Hospital-Dubai Health Authority (DHA), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sysdiag-Modélisation et Ingénierie des Systèmes Complexes Biologiques pour le Diagnostic (SysDiag ), BIO-RAD-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), 'Federico II' University of Naples Medical School, Physiologie & médecine expérimentale du Cœur et des Muscles [U 1046] (PhyMedExp), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Pneumology Department, Marius Nasta Institute of Pneumology, Department of Prevention of Environmental Hazards and Allergology, Medical University of Warsaw - Poland-Faculté de Pharmacie de Paris, Allergy and Clinical Immunology Department, Hospital CUF Descobertas, Universität zu Köln = University of Cologne, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES), Section of Otolaryngology-Head & Neck Surgery (OHNS), University of Chicago, Department of Pharmacy Naples, Université de Naples, Department of Allergy, Immunology and Respiratory Medicine, Alfred Hospital-Monash University Building, AMREP, Dept. of Electronic Engineering, Chubu University, Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Chiba University Hospital, Department of Allergology and Clinical Immunology, Charles University [Prague] (CU)-Medical Faculty in Pilsen, Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences [Cambridge, USA] (EPS), Harvard University, Allergy and Respiratory Diseases, Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Department of Pediatrics, Nippon Medical School, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire [Grenoble] (CHU), Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery [Mannheim, Germany], University Hospital Mannheim, Laboratoire de physique et chimie des nano-objets (LPCNO), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU Grenoble, Children’s Hospital Srebrnjak [Zagreb, Croatia], Department of Physics [UMIST Manchester], University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (UMIST), Laboratori Nazionali del Sud (LNS), Getafe University Hospital, Madrid, Karl-Franzens-Universität Graz, Ecologie comportementale (EC), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Rennes (UR)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Allergy Asthma and Immunology [Haifa, Israel], Ha'Emek Medical Center, Afula-Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Medical University of Warsaw - Poland, Department of Allergy and Clinical Immunology [Caracas, Venezuela], Centro Médico Docente La Trinidad, Department of Computer Science [Haifa], University of Haifa [Haifa], Allergy and Respiratory Research Group, Institut d'oncologie/développement Albert Bonniot de Grenoble (INSERM U823), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), National Centre of Cardiology and Internal Medicine, Ministry of Health Kyrgyz Republic, Réseau National de Surveillance Aérobiologique (RNSA), Berkeley Seismological Laboratory, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, University of Naples Federico II = Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, CIRCE, Ctr Res Energy Resources & Consumpt, Zaragoza 50018, Spain, Vilnius University Clinic of Children's Diseases, Suomen Terveystalo Allergy Clinic, Health Service and Performance Research (HESPER), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon, Centre d'EPistémologie et d'ERgologie Comparatives (CEPERC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Climate and Atmospheric Science [Leeds] (ICAS), School of Earth and Environment [Leeds] (SEE), University of Leeds-University of Leeds, Nova Southeastern University (NSU), Department of Otolaryngology, National University of Singapore (NUS)-Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Sachs' Children's Hospital, IAES, Department of Pulmonology, Manisa Celal Bayar University, Center for Evolutionary and Theoretical Immunology [Albuquerque, New Mexico] (CETI), The University of New Mexico [Albuquerque], National Key State Laboratory for ThermoStructural Composites (TSCM), Northwestern Polytechnical University [Xi'an] (NPU), Respiratory and Allergic Diseases, University Clinic of Respiratory and Allergic Diseases Golnik, University Hospital of Cologne [Cologne], Supported by the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing and POLLAR (EIT Health, European Union)., European Project: 643803,H2020,H2020-HCO-2014,PROEIPAHA(2015), UCL - (MGD) Service de pneumologie, UCL - SSS/IREC/PNEU - Pôle de Pneumologie, ORL et Dermatologie, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Epidemiology of Allergic and Respiratory Diseases Department [Paris] (EPAR), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hospital Quiròn Bizkaia Erandio, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), University of Milan, University of Naples Federico II-CNR, Rome, Italy and Department of Medicine, Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze] (UNIFI), Hôpital Gui de Chauliac, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Università degli Studi di Salerno (UNISA), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin]-Epidemiology and Health Economics, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), University of California-University of California, unité de recherche de l'institut du thorax UMR1087 UMR6291 (ITX), Astrophysique Interprétation Modélisation (AIM (UMR_7158 / UMR_E_9005 / UM_112)), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hospital CUF-Descobertas, Universität zu Köln, Medical Faculty in Pilsen-Charles University in Prague - the First Faculty of Medicine, Harvard University [Cambridge], University of Genoa (UNIGE), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Graz, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Centro Medico-Docente La Trinidad, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-EFS-CHU Grenoble-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF), Università degli studi di Napoli Federico II, Center for Evolutionary and theoretical Immunology, Biology, National Institute for Health Research, CNR, Rome, Italy and Department of Medicine-University of Naples Federico II, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Karl-Franzens-Universität [Graz, Autriche], Department of Dermatology, Allergology and Venereology, Clinicum, University of Helsinki, Children's Hospital, Faculty of Law, HUS Children and Adolescents, HUS Inflammation Center, University Hospitals Leuven [Leuven], Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona]-Catalunya ministerio de salud, University of Zürich [Zürich] (UZH), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), University of South Florida (USF), Università degli Studi di Firenze = University of Florence [Firenze], Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans (LMV), Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Universidade do Porto [Porto], Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin / Charite - University Medicine Berlin -Epidemiology and Health Economics, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Centre de Biologie pour la Gestion des Populations (UMR CBGP), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Sondra, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay (COmUE) (SONDRA), ONERA-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), RNSA, Centre d'EPistémologie et d'ERgologie Comparatives - UMR 7304 (CEPERC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Ear, Nose and Throat, AII - Inflammatory diseases, Pulmonology, Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Nîmes (CHRU Nîmes)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), National Institute for Nuclear Physics (INFN), Université Laval, Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Groupe Hospitalier Saint Louis - Lariboisière - Fernand Widal [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (APHP), Università degli Studi di Firenze [Firenze], University of Salerno (UNISA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Observatoire de Physique du Globe de Clermont-Ferrand (OPGC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sondra, CentraleSupélec, Université Paris-Saclay (SONDRA), ONERA-CentraleSupélec-Université Paris-Saclay, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Universidade do Minho, İÜC, Cerrahpaşa Tıp Fakültesi, Dahili Tıp Bilimleri Bölümü, uBibliorum, and Internal Medicine
Subjects: Allergy, Medicina Básica [Ciências Médicas], asthma -- guideline, Allergic asthma, DECISION-MAKING, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma, GUIDELINES, Medical and Health Sciences, Medical Records, 0302 clinical medicine, Health care, Immunology and Allergy, 030212 general & internal medicine, asthma, Change management, rhinitis, Immunology, MASK-RHINITIS, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Rinitis, mobilne aplikacije, upravljanje sprememb, Medical record, GLOBAL STRATEGY, WORK PRODUCTIVITY, Telemedicine, mobile applications, 3. Good health, Asma alérgica, rhiniti, 1107 Immunology, Ciências Médicas::Medicina Básica, klinične poti, allergic -- guideline, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Human, PATIENT PARTICIPATION, Allergic Rhinitis, medicine.medical_specialty, animal structures, multimorbidity, EUROPEAN INNOVATION PARTNERSHIP, Change Management, [object Object], Settore MED/10 - Malattie Dell'Apparato Respiratorio, Asthma/diagnosis, CHRONIC DISEASES, MACVIA-ARIA, 03 medical and health sciences, medicine, multimorbidnost, QUALITY, Humans, critical pathways, astma -- smernica, Patient participation, Asma, udc:616.2, Asthma, Science & Technology, ARIA, business.industry, Multimorbidity, Rhinitis, Allergic, Settore MED/09 - MEDICINA INTERNA, change management, Mobile Airways Sentinel Network (MASK) Study Group, Guideline, ta3121, medicine.disease, Rinite alérgica, Rhinitis, Allergic/diagnosis, Integrated care, alergijski rinitis -- smernica, Allergic Rhinitis and Its Impact on Asthma, asthma, Change management, rhinitis, Immunology and Allergy, Immunology, 030228 respiratory system, Family medicine, 3121 General medicine, internal medicine and other clinical medicine, Medical Record, Clinical Medicine, business, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, Impact on Asthma
Abstract: Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) has evolved from a guideline by using the best approach to integrated care pathways using mobile technology in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma multimorbidity. The proposed next phase of ARIA is change management, with the aim of providing an active and healthy life to patients with rhinitis and to those with asthma multimorbidity across the lifecycle irrespective of their sex or socioeconomic status to reduce health and social inequities incurred by the disease. ARIA has followed the 8-step model of Kotter to assess and implement the effect of rhinitis on asthma multimorbidity and to propose multimorbid guidelines. A second change management strategy is proposed by ARIA Phase 4 to increase self-medication and shared decision making in rhinitis and asthma multimorbidity. An innovation of ARIA has been the development and validation of information technology evidence-based tools (Mobile Airways Sentinel Network [MASK]) that can inform patient decisions on the basis of a self-care plan proposed by the health care professional., EAACI -European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology(undefined), info:eu-repo/semantics/acceptedVersion
Published: 2018

8. Early risk factors for pubertal asthma

Author: Petter Mowinckel, Vegard Hovland, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, Amund Riiser, and K. C. Lødrup Carlsen
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Firstborn, Adolescent, Immunology, Breastfeeding, Logistic regression, Risk Factors, immune system diseases, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Clinical significance, Child, Asthma, Respiratory tract infections, business.industry, Puberty, Age Factors, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Atopic dermatitis, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, Child, Preschool, Female, Birth cohort, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: SummaryBackground Early life risk factors are previously described for childhood asthma, but less is known related to asthma in adolescence. We aimed to investigate early risk factors (before 2 years) for pubertal asthma and secondarily for pubertal asthma phenotypes based upon allergic comorbidities. Methods Based on data from 550 adolescents in the prospective birth cohort ‘Environment and Childhood Asthma’ study, subjects were categorized by recurrent bronchial obstruction (rBO) 0–2 years, asthma 2–10 years, and pubertal asthma from 10 to 16 years including incident asthma in puberty and asthma in remission from 10 to 16 years or as never rBO/asthma 0–16 years. Asthma in puberty was further classified based on the comorbidities atopic dermatitis and allergic rhinitis (AR) from 10 to 16 years. Twenty-three common asthma risk factors identified by 2 years of age, including frequency and persistence of bronchial obstruction (severity score), were analysed by weighted logistic regression for each phenotype. Results In adjusted models, the risk of pubertal asthma increased significantly with higher severity score, parental rhinitis, being the firstborn child, and familial stress around birth. Pubertal asthma in remission was significantly associated with severity score and number of lower respiratory tract infections and inversely associated with breastfeeding beyond 4 months. Pubertal incident asthma was more common among firstborn children. All asthma phenotypes with allergic diseases were significantly associated with severity score, whereas familial perinatal stress increased the risk of asthma only. Asthma combined with AR was associated with parental asthma and being firstborn, whereas the risk of asthma with both atopic dermatitis and AR increased with higher paternal education, atopic dermatitis, being firstborn, and familial perinatal stress. Conclusion and clinical relevance Important early risk factors for pubertal asthma were early airways obstruction, parental rhinitis, being the firstborn child, and perinatal familial stress.
Published: 2014

9. Predicting reactivity threshold in children with anaphylaxis to peanut

Author: Ellen Namork, Merethe Melbye Michelsen, Magnus P. Borres, Geir Håland, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, Petter Mowinckel, Tonje Reier-Nilsen, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, and Unni Cecilie Nygaard
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Allergy, Adolescent, Immunology, Peanut allergy, Provocation test, Basophil, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Double-Blind Method, Food allergy, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Peanut Hypersensitivity, Child, Anaphylaxis, Oral food challenge, business.industry, food and beverages, Allergens, medicine.disease, Basophil activation, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, 030228 respiratory system, Child, Preschool, Immunologic Techniques, Female, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND Peanut allergy necessitates dietary restrictions, preferably individualized by determining reactivity threshold through an oral food challenge (OFC). However, risk of systemic reactions often precludes OFC in children with severe peanut allergy. OBJECTIVE We aimed to determine whether clinical and/or immunological characteristics were associated with reactivity threshold in children with anaphylaxis to peanut and secondarily, to investigate whether these characteristics were associated with severity of the allergic reaction during OFC. METHODS A double-blinded placebo-controlled food challenge (DBPCFC) with peanut was performed in 96 5- to 15-year-old children with a history of severe allergic reactions to peanut and/or sensitization to peanut (skin prick test [SPT] ≥3 mm or specific immunoglobulin E [s-IgE] ≥0.35 kUA/L). Investigations preceding the DBPCFC included a structured interview, SPT, lung function measurements, serological immunology assessment (IgE, IgG and IgG4 ), basophil activation test (BAT) and conjunctival allergen provocation test (CAPT). International standards were used to define anaphylaxis and grade the allergic reaction during OFC. RESULTS During DBPCFC, all 96 children (median age 9.3, range 5.1-15.2) reacted with anaphylaxis (moderate objective symptoms from at least two organ systems). Basophil activation (CD63+ basophils ≥15%), peanut SPT and the ratio of peanut s-IgE/total IgE were significantly associated with reactivity threshold and lowest observed adverse events level (LOAEL) (all P < .04). Basophil activation best predicted very low threshold level (
Published: 2017

10. WITHDRAWN: Scaling up strategies of the Chronic Respiratory Disease programme of the European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing (Action Plan B3 – Area 5)

Author: M. Nogues, David Price, Tari Haahtela, Bianca Beghe, John Wright, Josep M. Antó, J. O'b. Hourihane, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, Justin Michel, June Roberts, Robert M. Naclerio, M. Roman Rodriguez, Amiran Gamkrelidze, P. Manning, Panayiotis K. Yiallouros, John Farrell, Gérard Dray, A. Ben Kheder, Branislava Milenkovic, W. J. Fokkens, Susanne Lau, Ronald Dahl, J. E. Gereda, Pma Calverley, O. Jonquet, D. Poethig, Erkka Valovirta, Z. Gutter, Grégory Ninot, Yehia El-Gamal, M. van Hage, Claus Vogelmeier, S. Mara, P. Matignon, Talant Sooronbaev, Ratko Djukanovic, Carel Thijs, Davide Caimmi, Ralph Mösges, G. Moda Y. Mohammad, Friedrich Horak, Joachim Heinrich, Y. Z. Chen, Leonardo M. Fabbri, Y. Magard, B. Pigearias, F. Rodenas, A.G. Chuchalin, NM Siafakas, Rodolphe Bourret, A. L. Boner, A. Fink Wagner, T. Similowski, Diana Deleanu, I. Skrindo, Ulf Darsow, Bilun Gemicioglu, Stephen R. Durham, S.I. Rennard, Mohammad Reza Masjedi, Arunas Valiulis, S. Gonzalez Diaz, Brian J. Lipworth, Philip Lieberman, Christine Rolland, H. Neffen, Pierluigi Paggiaro, Henriette A. Smit, Bart N. Lambrecht, P. Devillier, Bodo Niggemann, D. Dokic, Dennis M. Williams, M. Akdis, R. Pengelly, Bassam Mahboub, Oliver Pfaar, Cezmi A. Akdis, L. Namazova-Baranova, Lanny J. Rosenwasser, Hans F. Merk, B. P. Yawn, Alpana Mair, Thomas B. Casale, Claus Bachert, Cristina Bárbara, Martin Wagenmann, Francesco Forastiere, T. Dedeu, Shona Pedersen, Giorgio Walter Canonica, Antonio Valero, Werner Aberer, Andrew Briggs, Alberto Papi, Peter Burney, Paulo Augusto Moreira Camargos, D. J. Costa, Magnus Wickman, Hans-Ulrich Schulz, T. Strandberg, T. Camuzat, Michael E. Hyland, Mario Sánchez-Borges, L. T. T. Le, N. Khaltaev, Lawrence Grouse, O. Spranger, F. de Blay, H. Douagui, Ki-Suck Jung, R. Picard, S. Repka-Ramirez, Philippe-Jean Bousquet, A. Yorgancioglu, U. Wahn, J. Garcia-Aymerich, Kaja Julge, D. Plavec, A. Bedbrook, Torsten Zuberbier, A. Romano, Sîan A Williams, Monica Fletcher, Mark S. Dykewicz, A. Montilla-Santana, B. Samolinski, Joël Ankri, Albert Alonso, Filip Raciborski, Antonella Muraro, Kian Fan Chung, L. Rodriguez Manas, Rafael Stelmach, G. Passalacqua, José Roberto Jardim, K. Ohta, Renaud Louis, Rudolph Valenta, M. Gotua, Massimo Triggiani, E. Melo-Gomes, Y. Okamoto, William MacNee, Ludger Klimek, Holger J. Schünemann, Dirkje S. Postma, Hasan Arshad, Gailen D. Marshall, M. Adachi, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Mikael Benson, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, E. Chkhartishvili, Gerard H. Koppelman, R. Emuzyte, Chunxue Bai, Ruby Pawankar, Ana Todo-Bom, Claude Jeandel, Ilaria Baiardini, Osman M. Yusuf, Josep Roca, Giovanni Viegi, Pascal Demoly, Daniel Laune, S. E. Dahlen, Giorgio Ciprandi, M. Rottem, E. O. Meltzer, Sebastian L. Johnston, Mika J. Mäkelä, Edgardo Jares, Kimi Okubo, Paul K. Keith, Fulvio Braido, M. R. Kaitov, Alessandro Fiocchi, F. Caballero-Fonseca, Jørgen Vestbo, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, Jing Li, Guy Joos, M. A. Guzman, S. Palkonen, K. Nekam, G. Vezzani, A. M. Cepeda Sarabia, Anh Tuan Dinh-Xuan, Adnan Custovic, C. Robalo-Cordeiro, Christine Jenkins, Niels H. Chavannes, E.H.D. Bel, A. Hendry, Neven Miculinic, T. Bieber, João O. Malva, Thomas Keil, Matteo Bonini, Klaus F. Rabe, F. Radier Pontal, F. Mihaltan, D. Y. Wang, J. C. Sisul, Benoit Wallaert, Teresa To, Robyn E O'Hehir, Jan Brozek, Ian D. Pavord, Luo Zhang, Nelson Rosario, Simon Walker, P H Howarth, J. Correia de Sousa, I. Majer, L.-P. Boulet, Marcus Maurer, J Mullol, S. Ouedraogo, Andrew Menzies-Gow, T. Vontetsianos, Mario E. Zernotti, Paul Potter, Mathieu Molimard, M. Morgan, Aziz Sheikh, Pakit Vichyanond, Isabella Pali-Schöll, Leif Bjermer, Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier, F. E. R. Simons, Antoine Magnan, T. D. Nyembue, J. Just, W. Carr, Leda Chatzi, I. Pin, E. Melen, Dirceu Solé, J. Garces, I. Grisle, Christopher E. Brightling, Peter Frith, E. Serrano, Inger Kull, F. Portejoie, M. Morais-Almeida, I. J. Ansotegui, G. De Carlo, K. S. Bennoor, S. Nafti, B. Hellquist-Dahl, Ali Fuat Kalyoncu, Dermot Ryan, J. Mercier, Marc Humbert, S. Bosnic-Anticevitch, Abay Baigenzhin, Olivier Vandenplas, Sakari Reitamo, M. Bewick, R. Chiron, Eric D. Bateman, Nanshan Zhong, Jordi Sunyer, Hubert Blain, O. Kalayci, Andrew Bush, D. Henderson, Désirée Larenas-Linnemann, K. C. Bergmann, J. C. Ivancevich, Bruno Vellas, Alvaro A. Cruz, A. Didier, M. Gaga, I. Annesi-Maesano, Maddalena Illario, P. Panzner, G. Crooks, Judah A. Denburg, Moises A. Calderon, Francesco Blasi, W. Pohl, Sergio Bonini, Ruta Dubakiene, Alvar Agusti, Violeta Kvedariene, G. K. Scadding, E. De Manuel Keenoy, E. Valia, S. Mavale-Manuel, Sylvie Arnavielhe, Piotr Kuna, Yves Sibille, Marek L. Kowalski, A. Zaidi, Todor A. Popov, V. Kolek, J Rosado-Pinto, Tommi Vasankari, Liam G Heaney, B. Koffi N'Goran, D. Heve, A. Neou, Isabelle Momas, Jean Bousquet, Igor Kaidashev, Hae-Sim Park, P W Hellings, Michael D. Shields, P. J. Sterk, Ana Maria Carriazo, João Fonseca, E. Van Ganse, Roland Buhl, L. Cox, Mihaela Zidarn, I. Cirule, and H. J. Zar
Subjects: Gerontology, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Respiratory disease, Alternative medicine, medicine.disease, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030228 respiratory system, General partnership, Action plan, medicine, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 030212 general & internal medicine, Healthy ageing, business, General Environmental Science
Published: 2017

11. Google Trends terms reporting rhinitis and related topics differ in European countries

Author: Piotr Kuna, Philippe-Jean Bousquet, João Fonseca, Magnus Wickman, Tari Haahtela, Josep M. Antó, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, Torsten Zuberbier, Aziz Sheikh, W. J. Fokkens, G. De Vries, K. Nekam, Erkka Valovirta, Esben Eller, B. Samolinski, Pascal Demoly, Massimo Triggiani, Peter Hellings, Ralph Mösges, J. Just, P. V. Tomazic, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Ludger Klimek, Arunas Valiulis, Ruth Murray, Claus Bachert, Thomas Keil, I. Annesi-Maesano, Ioana Agache, Michel Thibaudon, K. C. Bergmann, Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier, Jean Bousquet, M. van Eerd, Gennaro D'Amato, Gabrielle L. Onorato, AII - Inflammatory diseases, Ear, Nose and Throat, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon (MACVIA-LR), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Vieillissement et Maladies chroniques : approches épidémiologique et de santé publique (VIMA), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), ESIM - Déterminants Sociaux de la Santé et du Recours aux Soins (DS3), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département pneumologie et addictologie [Montpellier], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Hôpital Arnaud de Villeneuve, Service d'Allergologie pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Réseau National de Surveillance Aérobiologique (RNSA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Allergy, Longitudinal data, Hay fever, Immunology, Google Trends, Europe/epidemiology, 03 medical and health sciences, Allergens/immunology, 0302 clinical medicine, rhinitis, Cultural diversity, medicine, hay fever, Immunology and Allergy, media_common.cataloged_instance, Humans, European union, Rhinitis, Allergic/epidemiology, [SDV.IMM.ALL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Allergology, 030223 otorhinolaryngology, media_common, Rhinitis, Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal/epidemiology, Internet, business.industry, Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal, Allergens, ta3121, asthma, medicine.disease, allergy, Rhinitis, Allergic, Asthma, Europe, Population Surveillance/methods, 030228 respiratory system, Population Surveillance, Dermatology clinic, Asthma/epidemiology, Female, business, Demography
Abstract: Google Trends (GT) searches trends of specific queries in Google and reflects the real-life epidemiology of allergic rhinitis. We compared Google Trends terms related to allergy and rhinitis in all European Union countries, Norway and Switzerland from January 1, 2011 to December 20, 2016. The aim was to assess whether the same terms could be used to report the seasonal variations of allergic diseases. Using the Google Trend 5-year graph, an annual and clear seasonality of queries was found in all countries apart from Cyprus, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Malta. Different terms were found to demonstrate seasonality depending on the country - namely: "hay fever"; "allergy"; and "pollen" - showing cultural differences. A single set of terms cannot be used across all European countries, but allergy seasonality can be compared across Europe providing the above three terms are used. Using longitudinal data in different countries and multiple terms, we identified an awareness-related spike of searches (December 2016). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2017

12. Food allergens in mattress dust in Norwegian homes - a potentially important source of allergen exposure

Author: Christiane Kruse Fæste, Berit Granum, Martinus Løvik, Randi Jacobsen Bertelsen, Stephanie J. London, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, and Eliann Egaas
Subjects: Male, Time Factors, Immunology, Beds, medicine.disease_cause, Article, Toxicology, Allergen, immune system diseases, otorhinolaryngologic diseases, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Food science, Food allergens, Child, Home environment, Norway, business.industry, food and beverages, Dust, Environmental Exposure, Environmental exposure, Allergens, respiratory system, respiratory tract diseases, Food, %22">Fish , Female, ALLERGEN EXPOSURE, business, Mattress dust, Food Hypersensitivity, Follow-Up Studies, Bedroom
Abstract: SummaryBackground Sensitization to food allergens and food allergic reactions are mostly caused by ingesting the allergen, but can also occur from exposure via the respiratory tract or the skin. Little is known about exposure to food allergens in the home environment. Objective The objective of this study was firstly to describe the frequency of detection of allergens from fish, egg, milk, and peanut in mattress dust collected from homes of 13-year-old adolescents and secondly to identify home characteristics associated with the presence of food allergen contamination in dust. Methods Food allergens were measured by dot blot analysis in mattress dust from 143 homes in Oslo, Norway. We analysed associations between home characteristics (collected by parental questionnaires and study technicians) and food allergens by multivariate regression models. Results Fish allergen was detected in 46%, peanut in 41%, milk in 39%, and egg allergen in 22% of the mattress dust samples; only three samples contained none of these allergens. All four food allergens were more frequently detected in mattresses in small dwellings (
Published: 2013

13. Severe Chronic Allergic (and Related) Diseases: A Uniform Approach – A MeDALL – GA2LEN – ARIA Position Paper

Author: J Rosado-Pinto, Valérie Siroux, Cynthia Hohmann, A. Mazon, Olivier Vandenplas, A. Mohammadi, M. P. Orru, W. J. Fokkens, K-H. Carlsen, G. Khayat, Jean Bousquet, Ronald Dahl, Gailen D. Marshall, Jan Brozek, Stefan Wöhrl, J. Ratomaharo, Nanshan Zhong, Paulo Augusto Moreira Camargos, Mario Sánchez-Borges, A. Yorgancioglu, Mariona Pinart, Mika J. Mäkelä, A. Bedbrook, Jordi Sunyer, Philippe-Jean Bousquet, G. Passalacqua, Raphaëlle Varraso, G. S. Ouedraogo, Ingrid Terreehorst, G.W. Canonica, Bianca Beghe, John Wright, Josep M. Antó, I. Pin, J. Ring, F. Kauffmann, Gerard H. Koppelman, William K. Dolen, B. Koffi N'Goran, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, Brian J. Lipworth, Alkis Togias, A. Ben Kheder, Ruby Pawankar, Christophe Pison, Dennis M. Williams, Osman M. Yusuf, Eugene R. Bleecker, Holger J. Schünemann, M. Roman Rodriguez, Amiran Gamkrelidze, Elina Toskala, B. Hellquist-Dahl, Sergio Bonini, Bénédicte Jacquemin, Eleni Fthenou, E.H.D. Bel, Michael A. Kaliner, Ruta Dubakiene, C. S. Ang, E. Melen, Isabelle Momas, Elena Gimeno-Santos, Klaus F. Rabe, Ferran Ballester, Barbara Rogala, Antonino Romano, Stefano Guerra, Sam Oddie, E.D. Bateman, H. Douagui, Renato T. Stein, Claus Bachert, Robert M. Naclerio, Fernando D. Martinez, Talant Sooronbaev, Rudolph Valenta, K. C. Bergmann, Inger Kull, M. Morais-Almeida, Marjan Kerkhof, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Josep Roca, L.-P. Boulet, L. T. Le, Daniela Porta, F. Martin, K. S. Bennoor, Alfredo Cesario, Piotr Kuna, William W. Busse, S. Nafti, Mübeccel Akdis, Dirkje S. Postma, Phil Lieberman, Désirée Larenas, Aziz Sheikh, Y. Z. Chen, J Mullol, T. Didi, D. Y. Wang, Marta Benet, Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier, David Price, Tari Haahtela, Dominique Valeyre, F. E. R. Simons, I. Annesi-Maesano, Magnus Wickman, A. Andrianarisoa, Giovanni Viegi, Pascal Demoly, A. El-Meziane, C. E. Baena-Cagnani, Ulf Darsow, S. Palkonen, F. Berrissoul, X. Basagana, R. Gerth van Wijk, J. O. B. Hourihane, B. Pigearias, A. L. Boner, T. D. Nyembue, B. Samolinski, Y. Okamoto, W. Carr, C. van Weel, Marek L. Kowalski, Christopher E. Brightling, Thomas Keil, D. Rezagui, D. J. Costa, Todor A. Popov, Eli O. Meltzer, Ioana Agache, Marcus Maurer, Thomas B. Casale, T. Bieber, Charles Auffray, Antonella Muraro, K. Ohta, T. Zuberbier, Yousser Mohammad, Henriette A. Smit, Manolis Kogevinas, Dermot Ryan, Iris Lavi, Marc Humbert, Sakari Reitamo, J. Just, Martijn C. Nawijn, M. Beji, Bassam Mahboub, F. Mihaltan, Peter H. Howarth, Alvaro A. Cruz, Cevdet Ozdemir, L. Namazova-Baranova, Y. Tremblay, M. E. Zernotti, Adnan Custovic, C. Bindslev Jensen, João Fonseca, Robyn E O'Hehir, O. Kalayci, H. Haddad, Andrew Bush, L. Cox, Mihaela Zidarn, Anca-Mirela Chiriac, H. J. Zar, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, G. K. Scadding, Peter J. Sterk, Richard G. Roberts, Maria Vassilaki, P. Panzner, and P W Hellings
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, Public health, Immunology, macromolecular substances, General Medicine, Atopic dermatitis, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030228 respiratory system, Disease severity, Epidemiology, medicine, Physical therapy, Immunology and Allergy, Position paper, Disease process, 030212 general & internal medicine, Intensive care medicine, business, Chronic urticaria, Asthma
Abstract: Concepts of disease severity, activity, control and responsiveness to treatment are linked but different. Severity refers to the loss of function of the organs induced by the disease process or to the occurrence of severe acute exacerbations. Severity may vary over time and needs regular follow-up. Control is the degree to which therapy goals are currently met. These concepts have evolved over time for asthma in guidelines, task forces or consensus meetings. The aim of this paper is to generalize the approach of the uniform definition of severe asthma presented to WHO for chronic allergic and associated diseases (rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, chronic urticaria and atopic dermatitis) in order to have a uniform definition of severity, control and risk, usable in most situations. It is based on the appropriate diagnosis, availability and accessibility of treatments, treatment responsiveness and associated factors such as comorbidities and risk factors. This uniform definition will allow a better definition of the phenotypes of severe allergic (and related) diseases for clinical practice, research (including epidemiology), public health purposes, education and the discovery of novel therapies.
Published: 2012

14. Practical guide to skin prick tests in allergy to aeroallergens

Author: Lucie Heinzerling, Thomas B. Casale, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, O. Kalayci, Philippe-Jean Bousquet, Marek L. Kowalski, Carlos E. Baena-Cagnani, Rudolf Valenta, Antonino Romano, Peter Burney, L. Nazamova-Baranova, Torsten Zuberbier, Adriano Mari, Osman M. Yusuf, K. C. Bergmann, J. Ring, Ana Todo-Bom, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, K. Ohta, J Mullol, R. Gerth-Van-Wijk, Stephen R. Durham, L. Cox, Isabella Annesi-Maesano, Anca-Mirela Chiriac, Magnus Wickman, Dermot Ryan, Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, Robyn E O'Hehir, David Price, Ruta Dubakiene, Tari Haahtela, Jean Bousquet, Barbara Rogala, Claus Bachert, P. Panzner, Wytske J. Fokkens, Giovanni Passalacqua, Alvaro A. Cruz, B. Samolinski, Pascal Demoly, Stefan Woehrl, F. E. R. Simons, Giorgio Walter Canonica, and Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos
Subjects: Intoxicative inhalant, medicine.medical_specialty, Allergy, Pathology, Clinical immunology, business.industry, Immunology, Skin test, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, 030228 respiratory system, Air pollutants, Daily practice, Family medicine, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, 030212 general & internal medicine, Allergists, business, Asthma
Abstract: To cite this article: Bousquet J, Heinzerling L, Bachert C, Papadopoulos NG, Bousquet PJ, Burney PG, Canonica GW, Carlsen KH, Cox L, Haahtela T, Lodrup Carlsen KC, Price D, Samolinski B, Simons FER, Wickman M, Annesi-Maesano I, Baena-Cagnani CE, Bergmann KC, Bindslev-Jensen C, Casale TB, Chiriac A, Cruz AA, Dubakiene R, Durham SR, Fokkens WJ, Gerth-van-Wijk R, Kalayci O, Kowalski ML, Mari A, Mullol J, Nazamova-Baranova L, O'Hehir RE, Ohta K, Panzner P, Passalacqua G, Ring J, Rogala B, Romano A, Ryan D, Schmid-Grendelmeier P, Todo-Bom A, Valenta R, Woehrl S, Yusuf OM, Zuberbier T, Demoly P. Practical guide to skin prick tests in allergy to aeroallergens. Allergy 2011; DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02728.x ABSTRACT: This pocket guide is the result of a consensus reached between members of the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA(2) LEN) and Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA). The aim of the current pocket guide is to offer a comprehensive set of recommendations on the use of skin prick tests in allergic rhinitis-conjunctivitis and asthma in daily practice. This pocket guide is meant to give simple answers to the most frequent questions raised by practitioners in Europe, including 'practicing allergists', general practitioners and any other physicians with special interest in the management of allergic diseases. It is not a long or detailed scientific review of the topic. However, the recommendations in this pocket guide were compiled following an in-depth review of existing guidelines and publications, including the 1993 European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology position paper, the 2001 ARIA document and the ARIA update 2008 (prepared in collaboration with GA(2) LEN). The recommendations cover skin test methodology and interpretation, allergen extracts to be used, as well as indications in a variety of settings including paediatrics and developing countries.
Published: 2011

15. Identification of asthma phenotypes in children

Author: Marielle W. Pijnenburg and K. C. Lødrup Carlsen
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Childhood asthma, business.industry, Asthma phenotypes, Disease, medicine.disease, Clinical disease, respiratory tract diseases, Developmental psychology, immune system diseases, Immunology, Medical profession, medicine, Identification (biology), Birth cohort, business, Asthma
Abstract: Educational aims Aid understanding of the complexity of linking clinical disease presentation of asthma with underlying mechanisms Outline possible advantages of improving this understanding Summary The lung is a highly complex organ that can only be understood by integrating the many aspects of its structure. There is increasing interest in defining childhood asthma phenotypes, following decades of research into understanding mechanisms of asthma development and their genetic background without significant breakthroughs. Despite the medical profession’s best efforts to define asthma, identify risk factors and natural development of asthma in birth cohorts, and find characteristics that distinguish one type of asthma from another, we still do not know the relevant characteristics of the various subgroups of childhood asthma. This review will briefly describe the importance of identifying childhood asthma phenotypes, the observable characteristics of the disease, and the previous and current approaches used to find them.
Published: 2011

16. Can childhood asthma be predicted at birth?

Author: Kai-Håkon Carlsen, Petter Mowinckel, Berit Granum, and K. C. Lødrup Carlsen
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Allergy, business.industry, Immunology, Respiratory disease, Psychological intervention, Disease, medicine.disease, Logistic regression, Confidence interval, respiratory tract diseases, El Niño, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, business, Asthma
Abstract: Summary Background Early life appears optimal for prevention of asthma, but interventions require a relevant target population, to date not clearly identified at birth. Objective We therefore aimed to identify the predicting capacity of factors known around birth for asthma and rhinitis at 10 years. Methods The included 614 healthy term babies with lung function measured at birth in the 1992/1993 Environment and Childhood Asthma study in Oslo attended a 10-year follow-up visit including a structured interview and skin prick test (SPT) for allergies. The logistic regression analyses included 37 general variables from an extensive birth questionnaire; lung function; cord blood total immunoglobulin E and soluble CD14. A history of asthma, current asthma, history of rhinitis and ‘healthy’ (no history of asthma, rhinitis and negative SPT) was predicted on a group level and individual predicted probabilities were calculated. Results The predictability of the models [area under the curve (95% confidence intervals)] was 0.74 (0.69, 0.79), 0.72 (0.64, 0.78), 0.69 (0.54, 0.72) and 0.67 (0.62, 0.71) for a history of asthma, current asthma, rhinitis and ‘healthy’, respectively. The best model predicted a history of asthma correctly in 93/124 (75%), and incorrectly in 176/490 (36%) children without asthma. The positive predictive values for all outcomes were low (19–61), the highest predicting healthy. Conclusion Although at best 75% of children with a history of asthma could be predicted at birth, an intervention applied to our predicted high-risk children would be started more often in children without than with future disease. Parental allergic disease alone appears insufficient to identify high-risk populations in future studies of asthma and allergic disease. Cite this as: K. C. Lodrup Carlsen, P. Mowinckel, B. Granum and K.-H. Carlsen, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1767–1775.
Published: 2010

17. Paediatric respiratory disease: past, present and future

Author: K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, G. Hedlin, Robert Ross-Russell, Paul Aurora, Felix Ratjen, Fabio Midulla, Steve Turner, Andrew Bush, Eugenio Baraldi, Ernst Eber, and J. E. Dankert-Roelse
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Critical Care, Cystic Fibrosis, Disease, Pulmonary Medicine, medicine, Humans, Child, Asthma, COPD, business.industry, Public health, Respiratory disease, Infant, Newborn, Interstitial lung disease, Endoscopy, Respiration Disorders, medicine.disease, Phenotype, Premature birth, business, Ciliary Motility Disorders
Abstract: Paediatric respiratory disease has changed in the past 20 yrs; we could fill a whole issue of the journal paying tribute to our famous forebears. We are posing new challenges to our colleagues in the field of adult respiratory disease. They have to learn to deal with conditions that 20 yrs ago were rare in the adult chest clinic, such as cystic fibrosis (CF) and the long-term consequences of premature birth and congenital malformations of the respiratory tract. Furthermore, studies in childhood are challenging pathophysiological concepts throughout life. The many great prospective birth cohort studies have shed light on the different patterns of wheezing, their risk factors and their evolution through childhood. Who would have thought it was good to be born in a barn! It is becoming increasingly clear that even for “adult” diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), antenatal and early life events are at least as important as smoking in adulthood 1. CF has become a disease also of adults 2. Although many factors have contributed, the main reason has been the development of expert special CF centres, a model increasingly adopted by adult teams. This can serve as a model for other diseases; how a well-structured multidisciplinary approach to treatment can translate into benefits for patients. Perhaps numerically the most important achievement is in the field of public health. The benefit of the decrease in invasive bacterial infections, due to vaccination programmes for infants, is among the most important achievements of the past. Other areas of change include the survival of ever smaller preterm neonates. These children are reaching adult life with impaired lung function and abnormal computed tomography scans. What will happen to their ageing lungs? Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is becoming increasingly well understood, with new genetic entities, such as …
Published: 2010

18. Gender differences in indoor allergen exposure and association with current rhinitis

Author: C. Instanes, Geir Hetland, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, Randi Jacobsen Bertelsen, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, Petter Mowinckel, B. Granum, and Martinus Løvik
Subjects: House dust mite, medicine.medical_specialty, Allergy, biology, business.industry, Immunology, Odds ratio, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Confidence interval, respiratory tract diseases, Allergen, Internal medicine, Immunopathology, medicine, Mite, Immunology and Allergy, ALLERGEN EXPOSURE, business
Abstract: Summary Background Differences between boys and girls in allergic manifestations are well known, and this difference is possibly not attributed to physiological differences alone. Objective We, therefore, investigated whether boys and girls could be exposed to different allergen levels at home and whether indoor allergen levels could be differently associated with rhinitis in boys and girls at 10 years of age. Methods Cat, dog and house dust mite (HDM) allergen levels in mattress dust and interview data regarding current allergic disease were available for 797 10-year-old children (360 girls) in The Environment and Childhood Asthma Study in Oslo. Results Girls had higher concentrations of cat and dog allergens in their mattresses compared with boys, also in homes without cats [geometric mean 95% confidence intervals (95% CI): 0.37 (0.31, 0.44) for girls and 0.26 (0.23, 0.30) μg cat allergen/g dust for boys, P=0.002], and without dogs [girls: 0.74 (0.63, 0.86) and boys: 0.55 (0.48, 0.62) μg dog allergen/g dust, P=0.003]. No difference was observed for HDM allergen (Der p 1) levels. Of the 190 (23.8%) children reporting current rhinitis, 144 (75.8%) were sensitized to at least one allergen. The adjusted odds ratio for current rhinitis increased with 1.20 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.42) per 1 μg/g dust increase in Der p 1 for girls (P=0.037), but not for boys (P=0.91). Conclusion Girls had higher levels of cat and dog allergens in mattress dust compared with boys, whereas no difference was observed for Der p 1 allergen. Nevertheless, only increasing levels of Der p 1 and not cat and dog allergens significantly increased the risk of current rhinitis in girls, whereas no significant association was observed for boys. Cite this as: R. J. Bertelsen, C. Instanes, B. Granum, K. C. Lo;drup Carlsen, G. Hetland, K.-H. Carlsen, P. Mowinckel and M. Lovik, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 1388–1397.
Published: 2010

19. The management of the allergic child at school: EAACI/GA2LEN Task Force on the allergic child at school

Author: K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, Andrew Clark, Luís Miguel Borrego, Antonella Muraro, F. Rancé, Kirsten Beyer, Magnus P. Borres, Erkka Valovirta, Angel Mazon, Magnus Wickman, M. Zanchetti, and Paolo Carrer
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Allergy, Task force, business.industry, education, Immunology, medicine.disease, School performance, Quality of life (healthcare), Food allergy, Family medicine, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Disease management (health), business, Anaphylaxis, Asthma
Abstract: Allergy affects at least one-quarter of European schoolchildren, it reduces quality of life and may impair school performance; there is a risk of severe reactions and, in rare cases, death. Allergy is a multi-system disorder, and children often have several co-existing diseases, i.e. allergic rhinitis, asthma, eczema and food allergy. Severe food allergy reactions may occur for the first time at school, and overall 20% of food allergy reactions occur in schools. Up to two-thirds of schools have at least one child at risk of anaphylaxis but many are poorly prepared. A cooperative partnership between doctors, community and school nurses, school staff, parents and the child is necessary to ensure allergic children are protected. Schools and doctors should adopt a comprehensive approach to allergy training, ensuring that all staff can prevent, recognize and initiate treatment of allergic reactions.
Published: 2010

20. Reduced basal salivary cortisol in children with asthma and allergic rhinitis

Author: K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, Peter Burney, Egil Bakkeheim, and Petter Mowinckel
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Allergy, Saliva, Evening, Cortisol awakening response, business.industry, General Medicine, medicine.disease, Gastroenterology, Endocrinology, Internal medicine, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Medicine, business, hormones, hormone substitutes, and hormone antagonists, Glucocorticoid, Asthma, Hydrocortisone, medicine.drug, Morning
Abstract: Aim: Reduced basal cortisol is reported in allergic disease. We investigated if basal salivary cortisol levels were reduced in children with asthma or allergic rhinitis, controlling for inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) use. Methods: Morning and evening saliva of asthmatic children aged 7–12 years (n = 50) and that of controls (n = 52) were sampled. A total of 19 asthmatics and four controls had allergic rhinitis. Healthy children were controls without rhinitis. Of all, 14 asthmatic children used low, and 12 used moderate or high doses of ICS. Cortisol was analysed by radioimmunoassay. Results: Morning salivary cortisol median (95% CI) was lower in asthmatics (8.7 (7.1, 9.7)) compared with that in controls (10.4 (9.6, 11.8); p = 0.006), which was similar for evening cortisol levels. Regression analyses demonstrated that asthmatics using moderate or high doses of ICS had reduced morning salivary cortisol adjusted (for age and gender) odds ratio (aOR) (95% CI) (0.54 (0.37, 0.80); p = 0.002) and reduced evening cortisol aOR (0.09 (0.01, 0.6); p = 0.02) compared with that in healthy children. Asthmatics with rhinitis on no or low doses of ICS had reduced morning cortisol aOR (0.73 (0.56, 0.96); p = 0.02) compared with that in healthy children. Conclusion: Asthmatic children on moderate or high doses of inhaled corticosteroids had reduced salivary cortisol, but co-morbidity of asthma and rhinitis was also associated with reduced cortisol levels.
Published: 2009

21. Establishing a standardized quality management system for the European Health Network GA2LEN*

Author: GJ Burbach, T. Zuberbier, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, P. Van Cauwenberge, P. Papageorgiou, L. Heinzerling, and K. C. Lødrup Carlsen
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Quality management, Emergency management, business.industry, media_common.quotation_subject, Immunology, International health, Certification, Audit, Patient safety, Quality management system, Family medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Quality (business), business, media_common
Abstract: Background Quality management is increasingly important in clinical practice. The Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA(2)LEN) is a network of clinical and scientific excellence with originally 25 allergy centres in 16 European countries, a scientific society (European Academy of Allergology and Clinical Immunology), and a patient organization (European Federation of Allergy and Airways Diseases Patients' Associations). Although some allergy centres adhere to internal quality criteria, the implementation of a standardized quality management system for allergy centres across Europe was lacking. Objectives To implement standardized quality criteria among allergy centres organized within GA(2)LEN and thus ensure equal standards of diagnosis and care as well as to establish a culture of continuous quality improvement. Methods Quality criteria covering, e.g., diagnostic and therapeutic procedures, and emergency preparedness to assure patient safety were developed and agreed upon by all 25 participating centres. To assure implementation of quality criteria, centres were audited to check quality indicators and document deviations. A follow-up survey was used to assess the usefulness of the project. Results Deviations were documented mainly in the areas of emergency care/patient safety (27.3% lacked regular emergency training of doctors and nurses; 22.7% inadequate emergency intervention equipment; 22.7% lacked critical incidence reporting/root cause analyses) and handling of extracts/pharmaceuticals (31.8% lacked temperature logs of fridges; 4.5% inadequate check of expiration dates). Quality improvement was initiated as shown by findings of re-audits. Usefulness of the project was rated high. Conclusion The establishment of a quality management system with joint standards of care and harmonized procedures can be achieved in an international health network and ensures quality of care.
Published: 2009

22. Meta-analysis of determinants for pet ownership in 12 European birth cohorts on asthma and allergies: a GA2LEN initiative

Author: Inger Kull, Carel Thijs, Ulrich Wahn, Joachim Heinrich, Jordi Sunyer, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, F. Bravi, Monique Mommers, Bert Brunekreef, Susanne Halken, Olf Herbarth, Arne Høst, Stephanie Roll, Daniela Porta, H.-E. Wichmann, M. Torrent, Francesco Forastiere, K-H. Carlsen, Esben Eller, Steffen Lau, Chih-Mei Chen, Magnus Wickman, M P Fantini, Thomas Keil, Ulrich Kramer, S.N. Willich, A. H. Wijga, A. van den Berg, Eller E, Roll S, Chen CM, Herbarth O, Wichmann HE, von Berg A, Krämer U, Mommers M, Thijs C, Wijga A, Brunekreef B, Fantini MP, Bravi F, Forastiere F, Porta D, Sunyer J, Torrent M, Høst A, Halken S, Lødrup Carlsen KC, Carlsen KH, Wickman M, Kull I, Wahn U, Willich SN, Lau S, Keil T, Heinrich J, Epidemiologie, RS: NUTRIM - R2 - Gut-liver homeostasis, and RS: CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care
Subjects: Questionnaires, medicine.medical_specialty, Allergy, Immunology, Protective factor, Odds, Cohort Studies, Dogs, Surveys and Questionnaires, Hypersensitivity, medicine, Animals, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Family history, Asthma, Family Characteristics, business.industry, Confounding, Allergens, medicine.disease, Surgery, Air Pollution, Indoor, Meta-analysis, Cats, business, Demography, Cohort study
Abstract: Udgivelsesdato: 2008-Nov BACKGROUND: Studies on pet ownership as a risk or protective factor for asthma and allergy show inconsistent results. This may be on account of insufficient adjustment of confounding factors. AIM: The objective of this study was to describe determinants of cat and dog ownership in European families with and without allergies. METHODS: Within the EU-funded network of excellence GA(2)LEN, we performed meta-analyses with data from 12 ongoing European birth cohort studies on asthma and allergy. Each of the birth cohort studies enrolled between 485 and 4089 children. Pet ownership, allergic status (asthma, allergic rhinitis, eczema) of parents and siblings, parental education, access to ground floor, and number of people living at home were assessed by questionnaires. RESULTS: Among the 25 056 families from seven European countries cats (14.9%) were more common than dogs (12.0%). Allergic family history significantly reduced the odds to own a cat (adjusted combined random-effect OR 0.91; 95% CI 0.85-0.99), or dog (0.90; 0.86-0.94). A higher parental educational level had even more pronounced effects on cat (0.84; 0.71-0.98), and dog ownership (0.61; 0.54-0.70). Elder siblings reduced the odds to own cats, but not dogs. Convenient ground access significantly increased the odds, whereas crowding at home was not associated with cat or dog ownership. CONCLUSIONS: The chances to own a cat or dog were significantly reduced in allergic families, in parents with a higher educational level, and in homes without convenient ground access. In addition to parental allergies, social and housing factors should be considered as potential confounders in studies on pet exposure and allergic diseases.
Published: 2008

23. Serum inflammatory markers and effects of age and tobacco smoke exposure in young non-asthmatic children

Author: K-H. Carlsen, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, and R. Halvorsen
Subjects: Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, biology, business.industry, Respiratory disease, General Medicine, Atopic dermatitis, medicine.disease, El Niño, Myeloperoxidase, Internal medicine, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, biology.protein, Medicine, Respiratory system, Risk factor, business, Asthma, Cohort study
Abstract: Serum eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), but not serum myeloperoxidase (MPO), has been found to reflect disease activity of asthma and eczema, but no reference values exist for young children. Thus, we aimed to provide values of serum-ECP and serum-MPO in young children without obstructive airways disease (OAD), and determine possible influencing factors. Parental interview was performed and serum was collected from a total of 245 children (207 children aged 24-41 months and 76 children aged 0-23 months) with no history of lower respiratory disease. Repeated serum samples were obtained in 38 subjects. Ten percent of the children had active eczema at examination. All children were controls in the "Environment and Childhood Asthma" study in Oslo. Geometric means (GM +/- 1.96 SD) for serum ECP were 11.8 microg/l (2.5-56.0) and 7.9 microg/l (2.0-30.4), respectively, in the 0-23 and 24-41-month-old children, with the corresponding values for serum MPO 453 microg/l (153-1349) and 347 microg/l (142-859), respectively. Age was inversely associated with serum-ECP and serum-MPO, most pronounced in the youngest children. Active eczema and maternal daily smoking adversely affected serum-ECP, but not serum-MPO. Gender and parental atopy did not influence the results. We conclude that serum-ECP in very young children is influenced by age and active eczema and is related to maternal smoking in a dose-dependent fashion. These factors should be considered when assessing inflammatory markers in very young children.
Published: 2007

24. Are allergic multimorbidities and IgE polysensitization associated with the persistence or re-occurrence of foetal type 2 signalling?: The MeDALL hypothesis

Author: Cezmi A. Akdis, Monique Mommers, Claus Bachert, Emilie Burte, Hamida Hammad, Marta Benet, Moises A. Calderon, Erik Melén, A. Bedbrook, Torsten Zuberbier, Leda Chatzi, U. Gehrig, Rachel Nadif, Johann Pellet, Dieter Maier, J. Just, Mariona Pinart, Jean Bousquet, Niklas Andersson, Stephane Ballereau, C. Tischer, L. von Hertzen, Angela Neubauer, M. Akdis, Esben Eller, Valérie Siroux, Judith Garcia-Aymerich, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, Anna Bergström, Sam Oddie, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, Joachim Heinrich, Christian Lupinek, Anna Asarnoj, Natalia Ballardini, Thomas Keil, Jordi Sunyer, Stefano Guerra, Nathanaël Lemonnier, Charles Auffray, Henriette A. Smit, Manolis Kogevinas, C. Hohman, M. van Hage, John Wright, Josep M. Antó, Magnus Wickman, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, Tari Haahtela, Daniela Porta, Anne Cambon-Thomsen, M P Fantini, Marjan Kerkhof, Isabelle Momas, Susanne Lau, Pascal Demoly, S. Palkonen, I. Skrindo, Syed Hasan Arshad, Y. Saes, I. Annesi-Maesano, M. Torrent, Francesco Forastiere, Rudolf Valenta, Martijn C. Nawijn, G. De Carlo, Gerard H. Koppelman, Carel Thijs, Bart N. Lambrecht, Bert Brunekreef, Inger Kull, Dirkje S. Postma, Marek L. Kowalski, Isabelle Pin, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Contre les MAladies Chroniques pour un VIeillissement Actif en Languedoc-Roussillon (MACVIA-LR), Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nîmes (CHU Nîmes)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-European Innovation Partnership on Active and Healthy Ageing Reference Site (EIP on AHA), Commission Européenne-Commission Européenne-Organisation Mondiale de la Santé / World Health Organization Office (OMS / WHO), Vieillissement et Maladies chroniques : approches épidémiologique et de santé publique (VIMA), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], University of Helsinki, Ghent University Hospital, European Institute for Systems Biology and Medicine (EISBM), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Epidémiologie et analyses en santé publique : risques, maladies chroniques et handicaps (LEASP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, University of Crete [Heraklion] (UOC), IMIM-Hospital del Mar, Generalitat de Catalunya, Karolinska Institutet [Stockholm], Epidémiologie Environnementale : Impact Sanitaire des Pollutions (EA 4064), Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), Institut d'oncologie/développement Albert Bonniot de Grenoble (INSERM U823), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-CHU Grenoble-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Universitat Pompeu Fabra [Barcelona] (UPF)-Catalunya ministerio de salud, European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), University Hospital of Cologne [Cologne], Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Service d'Allergologie pédiatrique [CHU Trousseau], CHU Trousseau [APHP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), The Institute of Environmental Medicine [Stockholm] (IMM), CHU Grenoble, Epidemiologie, RS: CAPHRI School for Public Health and Primary Care, RS: CAPHRI - R5 - Optimising Patient Care, LS IRAS EEPI ME (Milieu epidemiologie), Dep IRAS, Risk Assessment of Toxic and Immunomodulatory Agents, IRAS RATIA2, Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), J Bousquet, JM Anto, M Wickman, T Keil, R Valenta, T Haahtela, K Lodrup Carlsen, M van Hage, C Akdi, C Bachert, M Akdi, C Auffray, I Annesi-Maesano, C Bindslev-Jensen, A Cambon-Thomsen, KH Carlsen, L Chatzi, F Forastiere, J Garcia-Aymerich, U Gehrig, S Guerra, J Heinrich, GH Koppelman, ML Kowalski, B Lambrecht, C Lupinek, D Maier, E Melén, I Moma, S Palkonen, M Pinart, D Postma, V Siroux, HA Smit, J Sunyer, J Wright, T Zuberbier, SH Arshad, R Nadif, C Thij, N Anderson, A Arsanoj, N Balardini, S Ballereau, A Bedbrook, M Benet, A Bergstrom, B Brunekreef, E Burte, M Calderon, G De Carlo, P Demoly, E Eller, MP Fantini, H Hammad, C Hohman, J Just, M Kerkhof, M Kogevina, I Kull, S Lau, N Lemonnier, M Mommer, M Nawijn, A Neubauer, S Oddie, J Pellet, I Pin, D Porta, Y Sae, I Skrindo, CG Tischer, M Torrent, L von Hertzen, and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC)
Subjects: Allergy, Ige, Asthma, Atopic Dermatitis, Polysensitization, Rhinitis, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Genome-wide association study, Review, Comorbidity, Immunoglobulin E, 0302 clinical medicine, Antibody Specificity, Pregnancy, Hypersensitivity/epidemiology, Immunology and Allergy, HEALTH-SURVEY-I, Family history, GENERAL-POPULATION SAMPLE, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0303 health sciences, biology, atopic dermatitis, ACTIVE EOSINOPHILIC ESOPHAGITIS, Atopic dermatitis, EPITHELIAL BARRIER FUNCTION, 3. Good health, ALLERGY, Phenotype, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Antibody Specificity/immunology, Immunoglobulin E/immunology, Female, IgE, Signal Transduction, Immunology, SOYBEAN EPIDEMIC ASTHMA, Allergens/immunology, 03 medical and health sciences, rhinitis, Journal Article, Hypersensitivity, medicine, Humans, Multimorbidity, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Epigenetics, GENOME-WIDE ASSOCIATION, SERUM IMMUNOGLOBULIN-E, 030304 developmental biology, SKIN PRICK TEST, business.industry, Allergens, asthma, medicine.disease, ORAL FOOD CHALLENGES, 030228 respiratory system, polysensitization, biology.protein, Immunization, business, SEVERE ATOPIC-DERMATITIS
Abstract: Allergic diseases (asthma, rhinitis and atopic dermatitis) are complex. They are associated with allergen-specific IgE and non-allergic mechanisms that may coexist in the same patient. In addition, these diseases tend to cluster and patients present concomitant or consecutive diseases (multimorbidity). IgE sensitization should be considered as a quantitative trait. Important clinical and immunological differences exist between mono or polysensitized subjects. Multimorbidities of allergic diseases share common causal mechanisms that are only partly IgE-mediated. Persistence of allergic diseases over time is associated with multimorbidity and/or IgE polysensitization. The importance of the family history of allergy may decrease with age. This review puts forward the hypothesis that allergic multimorbidities and IgE polysensitization are associated and related to the persistence or re-occurrence of foetal Type 2 signalling. Asthma, rhinitis and atopic dermatitis are manifestations of a common systemic immune imbalance (mesodermal origin) with specific patterns of remodelling (ectodermal or endodermal origin). This paper proposes a new classification of IgE-mediated allergic diseases that allows the definition of novel phenotypes in order to (i) better understand genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, (ii) better stratify allergic preschool children for prognosis, and (iii) propose novel strategies of treatment and prevention.
Published: 2015

25. European birth cohort studies on asthma and atopic diseases: II. Comparison of outcomes and exposures – a GA2LEN initiative

Author: Esben Eller, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, S Schmid, A. von Berg, Ulrich Wahn, Adnan Custovic, Bert Brunekreef, Steffen Lau, Magnus Wickman, M P Fantini, Joachim Heinrich, A. H. Wijga, Ursula Krämer, Stefan N. Willich, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, K-H. Carlsen, S. Halken, Henriette A. Smit, A Høst, Michael Kulig, Christina Bollrath, Inger Kull, Angela Simpson, and Thomas Keil
Subjects: Hypersensitivity, Immediate, Allergy, Immunology, Cohort Studies, Atopy, Environmental health, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Child, Skin Tests, Asthma, business.industry, Environmental Exposure, Environmental exposure, Immunoglobulin E, medicine.disease, Respiratory Function Tests, Europe, Treatment Outcome, Child, Preschool, Meta-analysis, Hay fever, Observational study, business, Cohort study
Abstract: BACKGROUND: The Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN) is a consortium of 26 leading European research centres committed to establish a European research area of excellence in the field of allergy and asthma. AIM: One of the GA2LEN work packages was designed to identify and compare the existing European birth cohort studies on asthma and atopic diseases. The present review compares their subjective and objective outcomes as well as exposure variables. METHODS: A common database was established to assess study characteristics of observational birth cohort studies designed to examine asthma and atopic diseases. Data were collected by visiting most of the participating research teams and interviewing all relevant study personnel. For each study, the type of objective/subjective outcome parameters and potentially influential factors were recorded precisely for every time point during follow-up. RESULTS: Eighteen birth cohort studies on asthma and atopic diseases were identified in eight European countries. Thirteen studies collected data on specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) to various inhalant and food allergens, whereas 12 performed skin prick tests (many at several time points during follow up). Several studies measured lung function, but across the cohorts no comparable standard procedures were used. For subjective evaluation of asthma and allergic rhinitis most studies applied the ISAAC questionnaire (sometimes modified), whereas the assessment of eczema was rather heterogeneous across the studies. CONCLUSION: This GA2LEN initiative established a unique common database of 18 European birth cohorts on asthma and atopic diseases. For selected cohorts, it seems that pooling data and performing common analyses may be possible to examine associations between certain exposure variables (e.g. pet ownership, tobacco smoke exposure and day-care) and selected outcome measures for atopy, asthma or allergic rhinitis (e.g. sensitization assessed by IgE or skin prick tests, doctor's diagnosis of asthma, parental perception regarding asthma/wheezing or hay fever symptoms).
Published: 2006

26. European birth cohort studies on asthma and atopic diseases: I. Comparison of study designs - a GA2LEN initiative

Author: Thomas Keil, A Høst, Ulrich Wahn, S. Halken, Steffen Lau, Joachim Heinrich, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, S Schmid, Stefan N. Willich, Magnus Wickman, C Bollrath, Francesco Forastiere, Adnan Custovic, A. H. Wijga, Ursula Krämer, Bert Brunekreef, Andrea von Berg, K-H. Carlsen, Esben Eller, Henriette A. Smit, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, Michael Kulig, Inger Kull, Daniela Porta, and Angela Simpson
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Pregnancy, Allergy, business.industry, Incidence (epidemiology), Clinical study design, Immunology, medicine.disease, Atopy, Environmental health, Epidemiology, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, business, Asthma, Cohort study
Abstract: Background: The reasons for the rise in asthma and allergies remain unclear. To identify risk or protective factors, it is essential to carry out longitudinal epidemiological studies, preferably birth cohort studies. In Europe, several birth cohort studies on asthma and atopic diseases have been initiated over the last two decades. Aim: One of the work packages within the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA 2 LEN) project was designed to identify and compare European birth cohorts on asthma and atopic diseases. The present review (part I) describes their objectives, study settings, recruitment process and follow-up rates. A subsequent review (part II) will compare outcome and exposure parameters. Methods: For each birth cohort, we collected detailed information regarding recruitment process, study setting, baseline data (pregnancy, birth, parents/siblings) as well as follow-up rates, outcome and exposure parameters at each time point. Results: We identified and assessed 18 European birth cohorts on asthma, allergic rhinitis and eczema. Six of these studies also focused on food allergies. The birth cohorts were mostly initiated in the 1990s with predominantly urban/ metropolitan settings. Many studies were able to maintain high follow-up rates, even after five or more years. Conclusions: Due to the unique cooperation within the GA 2 LEN project a common database was established containing study characteristics of European birth cohorts on asthma and atopic diseases. This can be used as a basis for evaluating the possibility to pool data and perform meta-analyses, as well as to recommend criteria for conducting future birth cohorts.
Published: 2006

27. Effect of inhaled steroids on lung function in young children: a cohort study

Author: Morten Pettersen, Chandra Sekhar Devulapalli, G. Haaland, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, and K. C. Lødrup Carlsen
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Expiratory Time, Inhalation, business.industry, medicine.drug_class, El Niño, Cohort, medicine, Corticosteroid, Observational study, business, Lung function, Cohort study
Abstract: The objectives of the present study were to determine the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for treating recurrent bronchial obstruction (rBO) in young children up to 2 yrs of age and to assess possible modifying effects of ICS on lung function in young children with rBO. From an observational, noninterventional birth cohort of 3,754 newborn children (3,697 with complete questionnaire data by 2 yrs of age), 306 children with documented rBO by age 2 yrs (cases) were identified along with 306 matched controls. Two tidal flow/volume measurements were taken, one at presentation of disease (children were steroid naive) and one at 2 yrs of age (mean age 11.2 and 25.6 months, respectively), from: 21 cases who subsequently received ICS (ICS+); 33 who did not (ICS−); and in 15 controls. The mean±sd duration of ICS treatment was 10.3±6.5 months. The main outcomes were treatment with ICS and baseline ratio of time to peak expiratory flow/total expiratory time ( t PTEF / t E ). From the entire cohort, 77 children (2.1%) and 21% of children with rBO had received ICS by 2 yrs of age. Baseline t PTEF / t E was significantly lower at the first visit only in ICS+ as compared to ICS− subjects, as well as in ICS+ and ICS- as compared to controls. The mean difference in baseline t PTEF / t E from first to second visit was borderline statistically significant in the ICS+ group only and correlated significantly with duration of ICS treatment. The present observational cohort study demonstrated that one-fifth of young children with recurrent bronchial obstruction had received inhaled corticosteroids. Early inhaled corticosteroid treatment improved lung function by age 2 yrs, mostly in those with the longest duration of treatment.
Published: 2004

28. Cockroach sensitivity in Norway: a previously unidentified problem?

Author: M. S. Buchmann, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, J. Wikstrøm, and R. Mehl
Subjects: Adult, Male, Allergy, animal structures, Adolescent, Immunology, Cockroaches, medicine.disease_cause, Immunoglobulin E, Dogs, Ribonucleases, Allergen, immune system diseases, Immunopathology, biology.animal, Respiratory Hypersensitivity, Animals, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Child, Sensitization, Skin Tests, Asthma, Family Health, German cockroach, Cockroach, biology, Norway, business.industry, Blood Proteins, Allergens, Eosinophil Granule Proteins, respiratory system, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, respiratory tract diseases, medicine.anatomical_structure, Cats, biology.protein, Female, Immunization, business
Abstract: Background: Little is known about cockroach sensitization in Scandinavia, whereas cockroaches are implicated in allergic diseases throughout large parts of the world. In association with the Genetics of Asthma International Network (GAIN) study, we report sensitization to cockroaches and possible association with IgE-mediated diseases in Norway. Methods: 100 Norwegian families (426 subjects) of 7–35-year-old sibling-pairs with asthma and their parents underwent questionnaire/interview (medical and exposure history), skin prick test (SPT) to common local inhalant allergens and German cockroach, and IgE specific to mites, mosquito, shrimp and cockroach. Cockroach sensitization was defined as positive if there was a positive (≥ 3 mm) skin prick test and/or presence of IgE antibody of class 2 or more. Results: Thirty-one subjects (7.5%) were sensitized (five monosensitized) to cockroach (27 by skin prick test and seven by IgE antibody, all with additional inhalant allergy). Co-sensitization was most common to grass (in 61%), cat (48%), dog (48%) and mites (42%). Reported allergic diseases in cockroach-sensitized subjects were asthma and rhinitis (n = 10), asthma only (n = 9), rhinitis only (n = 2) and neither asthma nor rhinitis (n = 10). Conclusions: Since cockroach sensitization was relatively frequent in Norwegian atopic families, albeit with unclear clinical implications, we suggest that cockroach allergy should be considered in atopic subjects with respiratory disease.
Published: 2002

29. Lung function in children with Duchenne's muscular dystrophy

Author: K-H. Carlsen, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, S. E. Tangsrud, and I.L. Petersen
Subjects: Adult, Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Vital capacity, Adolescent, Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Vital Capacity, Maximal Midexpiratory Flow Rate, Peak Expiratory Flow Rate, muscular function, Statistics, Nonparametric, FEV1/FVC ratio, Forced Expiratory Volume, Internal medicine, DMD, medicine, Humans, Plethysmograph, flow volume loops, Respiratory system, Muscular dystrophy, Child, Lung, Maximal Expiratory Flow-Volume Curves, Plethysmography, Whole Body, Analysis of Variance, business.industry, Total Lung Capacity, Respiratory disease, Age Factors, lung function, respiratory system, medicine.disease, Respiratory Muscles, Surgery, respiratory tract diseases, Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne, Residual Volume, VEMS, body plethysmography, Cardiology, Regression Analysis, business
Abstract: Duchenne's muscular dystrophy (DMD), characterized by gradually developing muscular weakness, leads to respiratory symptoms and reduced lung function. We aimed to assess lung function in 25 patients with DMD in relationship to age and muscular function. The 25 boys, mean age 13 years, comprized patients in southern Norway with DMD, taking part in an epidemiological follow-up study. None had chronic respiratory disease. Lung function was measured by maximum expiratory flow–volume loops and whole body plethysmography, and repeated after 1 year ( n =14). Lung function was reduced compared to predicted values for healthy children. Forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV 1 )% predicted and forced vital capacity (FVC)% predicted correlated (significantly) inversely to age. FEV 1 and FVC decreased annually 5·61 and 4·2% of predicted, respectively. Absolute values of FVC (litres) and FEV 1 (l sec −1 ) increased until mean age 14 years, decreasing thereafter. Values in % predicted decreased steadily throughout the age range (6–19 years). Lung function correlated closely to upper limb muscle function.
Published: 2001
Full Text: View/download PDF

30. Nebulized budesonide after hospitalization for recurrent bronchial obstruction in children younger than 18 months

Author: K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, A. Winsness, J. Steen-Johnsen, K. Nikander, J. Havnen, and Jens Leegaard
Subjects: Budesonide, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, medicine.drug_class, business.industry, Immunology, Respiratory disease, medicine.disease, El Niño, Statistical significance, Bronchodilator, Wheeze, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Corticosteroid, medicine.symptom, business, Weight gain, medicine.drug
Abstract: A multi-center, double-blind, randomized dose-response study was performed to assess the effect of 3 months of treatment with two different doses of inhaled nebulized budesonide in children with acute recurrent bronchial obstruction (BO) causing hospitalization. Steroid-naive children younger than 18 months were included when admitted to hospital because of BO for at least the second time, and were followed-up monthly for 15 months. Forty-five of 49 subjects (43 boys, 2 girls) (mean age 9.3 months upon inclusion) completed the study. Twenty-four patients (20 boys, 4 girls) received nebulized budesonide 0.5 mg twice daily for 1 month followed by 0.25 mg daily for the next 2 months, whereas 25 children received 0.1 mg twice daily throughout the 3-month treatment period. Outcome (number of BO episodes, time to first BO after start of treatment, and use of rescue medication), as well as height/length and weight, were assessed at the start of treatment and monthly for the following 3 months, as well as for 12 months after cessation of treatment (15 months in total). There was an overall tendency towards better symptom control (fewer episodes of acute BO during treatment and follow-up, fewer hospital visits because of acute BO, lower clinical score during follow-up, and less use of rescue medication during follow-up) in the high-dose treatment group vs. the low-dose treatment group. However, the differences did not reach statistical significance for any of the outcomes. The only significant difference in effect between the groups was fewer children in the high-dose group treated openly with nebulized budesonide during follow-up. Length/height and weight gain did not differ significantly between the two treatment groups throughout the study. There was no significant dose-dependent beneficial effect of 3 months of treatment with nebulized budesonide in infants and toddlers with at least two hospitalizations for acute bronchial obstruction.
Published: 2001

31. Inhaled nebulized adrenaline improves lung function in infants with acute bronchiolitis

Author: Kai-Håkon Carlsen and K. C. Lødrup Carlsen
Subjects: Male, Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Epinephrine, medicine.medical_treatment, nebulized, Administration, Inhalation, Racepinephrine, Tidal Volume, medicine, Humans, Saline, Expiratory Time, Racemic epinephrine, Inhalation, business.industry, Respiratory disease, Infant, lung function, medicine.disease, tidal flow volume loops, Adrenergic Agonists, Nebulizer, Bronchiolitis, Anesthesia, Acute Disease, racemic adrenaline, Female, business, medicine.drug
Abstract: β2-agonists have questionable symptomatic effect in infants with acute bronchiolitis, whereas inhaled, nebulized racemic adrenaline, commonly used in Norway, appears (clinically) to be effective. Limited lung function observations during acute bronchiolitis exists, and less for assessing possible effects inhaled adrenaline.In this preliminary study, tidal flow-volume loops were measured in 16 infants with acute bronchiolitis and seven healthy controls (mean age 7·9 and 4·4 months, respectively), with repeated measurements 15 min after inhaled nebulized racemic adrenaline (4 mg diluted in 2 ml saline) in nine bronchiolitis patients.The ratio of time to reach peak tidal expiratory flow to total expiratory time (tPTEF/tE) was significantly reduced in children with acute bronchiolitis (mean, 95% CI) (0·08, 0·05–0·10) compared to controls (0·31, 0·18–0·43), with significant improvement after inhaled racemic adrenaline 0·19 (0·13–0·25), parallel with significant clinical improvement.Lung function (tPTEF/tE) was reduced in infants with acute bronchiolitis and improved significantly after inhaled racemic adrenaline. Inhaled racemic adrenaline is potentially an important alternative for treating infants with acute bronchiolitis.
Published: 2000

32. Trends in hospital admissions for childhood asthma in Oslo, Norway, 1980-95

Author: Jens Leegaard, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, P. Mowinckel, G. Jónasson, and K. S. Halvorsen
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Pediatrics, Adolescent, Immunology, Atelectasis, Patient Readmission, Patient Admission, Prevalence, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Child, Glucocorticoids, Asthma, Norway, business.industry, Public health, Respiratory disease, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Length of Stay, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, Pneumonia, El Niño, Bronchiolitis, Child, Preschool, Acute Disease, Bronchitis, Female, business
Abstract: Background: Prevalence of asthma and quality of asthma care both influence hospital admission rates for childhood asthma. Therefore, we aimed to assess possible changes in hospital admission rate for acute asthma in Oslo, Norway, from 1980 to 1995, as well as evaluate the possible effect of changes in asthma treatment upon hospitalization for acute asthma in this period. Methods: All pediatric patient records from the two municipal hospitals in Oslo from 1980 through 1995 with the discharge diagnosis (ICD-9) acute asthma, acute bronchitis/bronchiolitis, pneumonia, and/or atelectasis were thoroughly reviewed. Results: Of the 3538 children admitted for acute asthma, 66% were boys and 75% were younger than 4 years, and the admittance rate increased significantly among children aged 0–3 years. First admissions increased throughout the study, whereas readmissions, as well as the mean duration of hospital stay, decreased significantly. Prophylactic treatment with inhaled steroids prior to admission increased over 1980–89, but stabilized thereafter. The use of a short course of systemic steroids during admission increased markedly from 1991. Conclusions: The findings of increasing first admission rate as well as overall admission rate for acute asthma in children under 4 years of age, but decreasing readmissions as well as number of treatment days in hospital, probably reflect changes in the management of the disease, as well as an increasing prevalence of childhood asthma.
Published: 2000

33. Triclosan Exposure and Allergic Sensitization in Norwegian Children

Author: Randi Jacobsen Bertelsen, Martinus Løvik, K-H. Carlsen, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, Matthew P. Longnecker, Antonia M. Calafat, and Stephanie J. London
Subjects: Male, Allergy, business.product_category, Immunology, Physiology, Urine, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Article, Allergic sensitization, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Hypersensitivity, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, media_common.cataloged_instance, Humans, European union, Child, 030304 developmental biology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, media_common, Rhinitis, 0303 health sciences, Toothpaste, business.industry, Environmental exposure, Environmental Exposure, Allergens, Immunoglobulin E, Antimicrobial, medicine.disease, Asthma, Triclosan, 3. Good health, chemistry, Female, business
Abstract: Triclosan is a synthetic, broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent used extensively for more than 20 years to inhibit bacterial growth on skin and other surfaces. It is used in a variety of consumer products, including toothpaste, mouthwash, deodorants, soap, sportswear, toys, and plastic kitchenware (1, 2). In the European Union, about 85% of the total volume of triclosan is used in personal care products, with the balance going into textiles (5%) and plastic and food contact materials (10%) (3). In Norway, Sweden, and Denmark the main source of exposure is believed to be toothpaste (1, 4, 5). In Norway in 2001, toothpaste, for which the upper limit value of triclosan is 0.5% by weight, accounted for 74% of the total amount of triclosan applied in personal care products (5). Triclosan has been found in human urine, blood, plasma, and milk (1, 8, 9), with median plasma and urinary half-lives of 19 and 11 hours, respectively. Triclosan is completely and rapidly absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract, while a lower rate of absorption occurs dermally (7). It is excreted in urine mostly in its conjugated form (10). Triclosan works by blocking the active site of an enzyme that is essential for fatty acid synthesis in bacteria, enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (ENR) (11). Because humans lack this enzyme, triclosan was for many decades considered to be safe for human health. However, this has recently been questioned (12, 13) and human exposure to triclosan has been found to be within the range where significant in vitro bioactivity occurs (13). Concern has also been raised over triclosan's potential for endocrine disruption, as the antimicrobial had been shown to disrupt thyroid hormone homeostasis and possibly reproductive hormones (14). Because triclosan is effective against many, but not all strains of bacteria (3), it may alter the bacterial flora of the skin, the oral mucosa, and the intestines (14, 15). Based on the “hygiene hypothesis” of allergy in childhood, excessive use of triclosan may alter the commensal microbiota flora leading to impairment of normal maturation of the immune system (16–19). Moreover, recently an experimental study found triclosan to enhance allergic responses in a mouse model of asthma (20) and urinary triclosan levels in children and adolescents from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) 2005–2006 were found to be positively associated with allergic sensitization (21). We aimed to examine urinary concentrations of triclosan in relation to allergic sensitization by skin prick test and serum specific IgE (sIgE), current rhinitis and current asthma in Norwegian children.
Published: 2012

34. Tuberculosis and Thorax

Author: Carlos E. Baena-Cagnani, B. Samolinski, Thomas B. Casale, Yijing Chen, O. Kalayci, K. Ohta, T. Zuberbier, W. J. Fokkens, J Mullol, Jean Bousquet, Yousser Mohammad, Cevdet Ozdemir, A. A. Cruz, Holger J. Schünemann, Ruby Pawankar, Ali Fuat Kalyoncu, Claus Bachert, Pascal Demoly, A. Yorgancioglu, Osman M. Yusuf, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, and Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Allergic rhinitis and its impact on asthma, Allergy, medicine.medical_specialty, animal structures, MEDLINE, Alternative medicine, Comorbidity, Critical Care and Intensive Care Medicine, Severity of Illness Index, Risk Factors, Severity of illness, Prevalence, Global health, Humans, Medicine, Asthma, Rhinitis, ARIA, business.industry, Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal, medicine.disease, GRADE, Family medicine, Practice Guidelines as Topic, Needs assessment, Physical therapy, Surgery, business, Needs Assessment
Abstract: p. 92-97 Submitted by Edileide Reis (leyde-landy@hotmail.com) on 2014-09-01T11:50:30Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Y.Z. Chen.pdf: 84566 bytes, checksum: 9259234da033cbecd48651bd191038cf (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Delba Rosa (delba@ufba.br) on 2014-09-26T13:16:51Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Y.Z. Chen.pdf: 84566 bytes, checksum: 9259234da033cbecd48651bd191038cf (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2014-09-26T13:16:51Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Y.Z. Chen.pdf: 84566 bytes, checksum: 9259234da033cbecd48651bd191038cf (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012 Allergic rhinitis and asthma represent global health problems for all age groups. Asthma and rhinitis frequently co-exist in the same subjects. Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma (ARIA) was initiated during a World Health Organization (WHO) workshop in 1999 and was published in 2001. ARIA has reclassified allergic rhinitis as mild/moderate-severe and intermittent/persistent. This classification schema closely reflects the impact of allergic rhinitis on patients. In its 2010 Revision, ARIA developed clinical practice guidelines for the management of allergic rhinitis and asthma co-morbidities based on GRADE (Grading of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation). ARIA has been disseminated and implemented in over 50 countries of the world. In Turkey, it is important to make a record of ARIA achievements and to identify the still unmet clinical, research and implementation needs in order to strengthen the 2011 EU Priority on allergy and asthma in children.
Published: 2012
Full Text: View/download PDF

35. Paediatrics in Barcelona: highlights from the 2010 ERS Annual Congress

Author: Felix Ratjen, Robert Ross-Russell, G. Hedlin, Ernst Eber, Steve Turner, Paul Aurora, Fabio Midulla, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, and J. E. Dankert-Roelse
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, asthma, bronchoscopy, cystic fibrosis, epidemiology, lung function, respiratory infection, Respiratory tract infections, business.industry, Paediatric intensive care, Respiratory disease, Respiratory infection, Context (language use), Respiratory physiology, medicine.disease, Epidemiology, medicine, Intensive care medicine, business, Asthma
Abstract: The aim of this update is to describe the paediatric highlights from the 2010 European Respiratory Society Annual Congress in Barcelona, Spain. Abstracts from the seven groups of the Paediatric Assembly (Respiratory physiology, Asthma and allergy, Cystic fibrosis, Respiratory infection and immunology, Neonatology and paediatric intensive care, Respiratory epidemiology and Bronchology) are presented in the context of the current literature.
Published: 2011

36. Nebulised racemic adrenaline in the treatment of acute bronchiolitis in infants and toddlers

Author: Inga-Lisa Strannegård, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, Göran Wennergren, and S. Kristjansson
Subjects: Male, Time Factors, Epinephrine, Placebo-controlled study, Blood Pressure, Placebo, Administration, Inhalation, Heart rate, Racepinephrine, medicine, Humans, Oxygen saturation (medicine), Inhalation, business.industry, Infant, medicine.disease, Blood pressure, Bronchiolitis, Anesthesia, Acute Disease, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, business, Blood Gas Monitoring, Transcutaneous, Research Article, medicine.drug
Abstract: The effect of inhaled nebulised racemic adrenaline upon symptoms of acute bronchiolitis was investigated in 29 infants and toddlers aged 2-17.5 months by transcutaneous oxygen tension (TcPO2), oxygen saturation, transcutaneous carbon dioxide tension (TcPCO2), and clinical evaluation in a double blind placebo controlled study. Clinical score and TcPO2 improved significantly at 30, 45, and 60 minutes after inhalation of racemic adrenaline, with an increase in TcPO2 > or = 0.5 kPa in 72% of the children < 1 year of age. No significant improvement was observed after inhalation of placebo. No significant changes in heart rate or TcPCO2 were observed from before to after inhalation, but a small increase in mean systolic blood pressure was observed immediately and 45 minutes after racemic adrenaline inhalation. This study demonstrates that treatment with nebulised racemic adrenaline improved oxygenation and clinical signs in hospitalised children aged less than 18 months with bronchiolitis.
Published: 1993

37. Diagnostic value of exhaled nitric oxide in childhood asthma and allergy

Author: Kai-Håkon Carlsen, Petter Mowinckel, Chandra Sekhar Devulapalli, Monica Cheng Munthe-Kaas, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, Christine Sachs-Olsen, and Geir Håland
Subjects: Spirometry, Male, Allergy, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Immunology, Population, Nitric Oxide, Likelihood ratios in diagnostic testing, Sensitivity and Specificity, Allergic sensitization, medicine, Hypersensitivity, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, education, Child, Methacholine Chloride, Asthma, Skin Tests, education.field_of_study, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, medicine.disease, Confidence interval, respiratory tract diseases, Breath Tests, Exhalation, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Exhaled nitric oxide, Feasibility Studies, Female, Immunization, business, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Sachs-Olsen C, Lodrup Carlsen KC, Mowinckel P, Haland G, Devulapalli CS, Munthe-Kaas MC, Carlsen K-H. Diagnostic value of exhaled nitric oxide in childhood asthma and allergy. Pediatr Allergy Immunol 2010: 21: e213–e221. © 2010 John Wiley & Sons A/S Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FENO) has been proposed as a diagnostic test of asthma. We aimed to investigate in a population based birth cohort of children the usefulness of FENO as a diagnostic tool. The 10-yr follow up of the Environment and Childhood Asthma Study in Oslo included 616 children representative of the prospective birth cohort. Both FENO (single breath technique) and skin prick test (SPT) were measured in 331, limited at the time by equipment availability. Structural parental interview, spirometry, methacholine challenge and exercise test were performed. FENO was significantly elevated in children with current asthma (geometric mean 9.6 (95% confidence interval (CI) (6.9, 13.4) p.p.b.) compared with healthy children (5.8 (5.4, 6.3) p.p.b.; p
Published: 2010

38. Asthma prediction in school children; the value of combined IgE-antibodies and obstructive airways disease severity score

Author: Geir Håland, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, Chandra Sekhar Devulapalli, Staffan Ahlstedt, Lars Söderström, M. Pettersen, M. S. Buchmann, Petter Mowinckel, M. C. Munthe Kaas, and Kai-Håkon Carlsen
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Allergy, Immunology, Immunoglobulin E, Severity of Illness Index, Cohort Studies, Predictive Value of Tests, Internal medicine, Severity of illness, Hypersensitivity, medicine, Humans, Immunology and Allergy, Lung Diseases, Obstructive, Child, Asthma, biology, business.industry, Respiratory disease, Allergens, medicine.disease, El Niño, Predictive value of tests, Exercise Test, biology.protein, Female, business, Follow-Up Studies, Cohort study
Abstract: To cite this article: Lodrup Carlsen KC, Soderstrom L, Mowinckel P, Haland G, Pettersen M, Munthe Kaas MC, Devulapalli CS, Buchmann M, Ahlstedt S, Carlsen K-H. Asthma prediction in school children; the value of combined IgE-antibodies and obstructive airways disease severity score. Allergy 2010; 65: 1134–1140. Abstract Background: Allergic sensitisation increases the risk for asthma development. In this prospective birth cohort (Environment and Childhood Asthma) study, we hypothesized that combining quantitative measures of IgE antibodies (Σ-IgE) and Severity score of obstructive airways disease (OAD) at 2 years of age (Severity score) is superior to predict current asthma (CA) at 10 years than either measure alone. Secondarily, we assessed if gender modified the prediction of CA. Methods: A follow-up study at 10 years of age was performed in 371 2-year-old children with recurrent (n = 219) or no (n = 152) bronchial obstruction with available serum analysed for Σ-IgE to common food and inhalant allergens through a panel test, Phadiatop Infant® (Phadia, Uppsala, Sweden). Clinical variables included allergic sensitisation and exercise testing to characterise children with CA vs not CA at 10 years and the Severity score (0–12, 0 indicating no OAD) was used to assess risk modification. Results: Severity score alone explained 24% (Nagelkerke R2 = 0.24) of the variation in CA, whereas Σ-IgE explained only 6% (R2 = 0.06). Combining the two increased the explanatory capacity to R2 = 0.30. Gender interacted significantly with Σ-IgE; whereas Severity score predicted CA in both genders, the predictive capacity of Σ-IgE for CA at 10 years was significant in boys only. Conclusion: Combining Σ-IgE to inhalant allergens and Severity score at 2 years was superior to predict asthma at 10 years than either alone. Severity score predicted CA in both genders, whereas Σ-IgE significantly predicted CA in boys only.
Published: 2010

39. Tidal breathing techniques

Author: K-H. Carlsen and K. C. Lødrup Carlsen
Subjects: Oceanography, business.industry, Tidal breathing, Medicine, business
Published: 2010

40. Childhood asthma and early life exposure to indoor allergens, endotoxin and beta(1,3)-glucans

Author: K-H. Carlsen, Martinus Løvik, Geir Håland, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, Randi Jacobsen Bertelsen, Berit Granum, Gert Doekes, and Petter Mowinckel
Subjects: Male, Allergy, beta-Glucans, Immunology, medicine.disease_cause, Allergic sensitization, Allergen, Dogs, Risk Factors, immune system diseases, medicine, Mite, Immunology and Allergy, Animals, Humans, Child, Asthma, biology, business.industry, Pyroglyphidae, Odds ratio, Environmental Exposure, Allergens, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, respiratory tract diseases, Endotoxins, Bronchial hyperresponsiveness, Animals, Domestic, Child, Preschool, Cats, Female, Proteoglycans, Bronchial Hyperreactivity, business, Cohort study, Follow-Up Studies
Abstract: Summary Background Divergent results have been reported regarding early life exposure to indoor environmental agents and the risk of asthma and allergic sensitization later in life. Objective To assess whether early exposure to indoor allergens, β(1,3)-glucans and endotoxin modifies the risk of allergic diseases at 10 years of age. Methods The concentrations of mite, cat and dog allergens, endotoxin and β(1,3)-glucans were determined in dust from the homes of 260 two-year-old children with lung function measured at birth (tidal flow volume loops) in the Environment and Childhood Asthma study in Oslo. At 10 years, the health status was assessed in a follow-up study including a structured interview of the parents and an extended clinical examination. Results Cat and dog keeping at 2 years of age was reported in 6.5% and 5.5% of the families, respectively. Mite allergens were detected in only 4/260 dust samples. The adjusted odds ratio for asthma at age 10 was 1.20 (95% confidence interval: 1.01–1.43) and 1.22 (1.02–1.46) for bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) per 10 μg/g dust increase in cat allergen exposure at 2 years of age. No association was seen with allergic sensitization. Moreover, endotoxin and β(1,3)-glucan exposure did not modify the risk of asthma or allergic sensitization. None of the measured environmental factors were associated with lung function at 10 years of age or a relative change in lung function from birth. Conclusion In a community with a low prevalence of pet keeping and low mite allergen levels, exposure to cat allergens early in life increased the risk of late childhood asthma and BHR, but not the risk of allergic sensitization. No risk modification was seen for dog allergens, endotoxin and β(1,3)-glucans. Cite this as: R. J. Bertelsen, K. C. Lodrup CarlsenK.-H. Carlsen, B. Granum, G. Doekes, G. Haland, P. Mowinckel and M. Lovik, Clinical & Experimental Allergy, 2010 (40) 307– 316.
Published: 2010

41. Identifying problematic severe asthma in the individual child--does lung function matter?

Author: Jon R Konradsen, Astri Maria Lang, Petter Mowinckel, C. Sachs-Olsen, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, Gunilla Hedlin, and Kai-Håkon Carlsen
Subjects: Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Cross-sectional study, Severe asthma, Vital Capacity, Maximal Midexpiratory Flow Rate, Sensitivity and Specificity, Severity of Illness Index, immune system diseases, Predictive Value of Tests, Forced Expiratory Volume, Severity of illness, Medicine, Humans, Child, Lung function, Asthma, business.industry, Case-control study, General Medicine, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, Respiratory Function Tests, Cross-Sectional Studies, El Niño, ROC Curve, Predictive value of tests, Case-Control Studies, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, business
Abstract: Measures of lung function (usually FEV(1)80% predicted) are used to classify asthma severity in both adults and children, despite evidence that lung function impairment is less pronounced in the paediatric asthma population. The present study assesses the relevance of lung function measurements as discriminators of severe childhood asthma.Fifty-one school-aged children with problematic severe asthma, 37 mild-to-moderate asthmatics and 29 healthy controls underwent a comprehensive clinical work-up. Problematic severe asthma was defined in patients exhibiting poor asthma control despite high-dose inhaled corticosteroid treatment and at least one other asthma controller drug. Mild-to-moderate asthmatic children used low-dose inhaled steroids and reported minimal asthma symptoms.Baseline FEV(1) values were significantly reduced in children with problematic severe asthma, yet FEV(1)80% predicted showed a low sensitivity (41%) for discriminating severe vs. mild-to-moderate asthma. Receiver-operated characteristic analysis estimated the optimal cut-off of FEV(1) to be 90% predicted in this population (sensitivity 61%, specificity 83%). Baseline FEV(1)/FVC and FEF(25-75) values were not superior to FEV(1) in discriminating problematic severe asthma, and neither exhaled nitric oxide levels nor bronchial hyperresponsiveness differentiated between the two asthmatic study populations.Spirometric measurements are insensitive discriminators of problematic severe asthma in childhood.
Published: 2009

42. Diagnostic Value of Inflammation Markers in Childhood Asthma and Allergy

Author: Monica Cheng Munthe-Kaas, K-H. Carlsen, Christine Sachs-Olsen, Morten Pettersen, Chandra Sekhar Devulapalli, Petter Mowinckel, and K. C. Lødrup Carlsen
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, Childhood asthma, Allergy, business.industry, Internal medicine, medicine, Inflammation, medicine.symptom, medicine.disease, business, Value (mathematics)
Published: 2009

43. Asthma symptoms in rural living Tanzanian children; prevalence and the relation to aerobic fitness and body fat

Author: Rune Hageberg, Sveinung Berntsen, Sigmund A. Anderssen, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, Petter Mowinckel, and Anders Aandstad
Subjects: Male, Rural Population, medicine.medical_specialty, Cross-sectional study, Immunology, Tanzania, Thinness, Internal medicine, Epidemiology, medicine, Prevalence, Immunology and Allergy, Aerobic exercise, Humans, Child, Exercise, Asthma, business.industry, Respiratory disease, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, El Niño, Adipose Tissue, Physical therapy, Female, Underweight, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Objective: To determine the prevalence of asthma symptoms in children from a rural district in North-Tanzania, and their relationship to aerobic fitness and body fat. Methods: In Manyara region in Tanzania, children (aged 9–10 years) were randomly selected to participate in the present cross-sectional study. Hundred and seventy two participants completed a video questionnaire showing the symptoms and signs of asthma. Lung function was measured by maximum forced expiratory flow-volume curves. Aerobic fitness was estimated from a standardized indirect maximal cycle ergometer test and sum of three skinfolds reflected body fat. Results: Twenty four per cent reported asthma symptoms last year. Severe wheezing attacks last year were reported in 5% of the participants. Thirty seven per cent of the participants were underweight. Underweight children had significantly lower (P
Published: 2009

44. Soluble CD14 at 2 yr of age: gender-related effects of tobacco smoke exposure, recurrent infections and atopic diseases

Author: Petter Mowinckel, Martinus Løvik, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, Berit Granum, and Kai-Håkon Carlsen
Subjects: Hypersensitivity, Immediate, Male, Allergy, medicine.medical_specialty, Passive smoking, Immunology, Lipopolysaccharide Receptors, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, medicine.disease_cause, Infections, Tobacco smoke, Atopy, Cohort Studies, Sex Factors, Hygiene hypothesis, Recurrence, Risk Factors, Internal medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Risk factor, Asthma, Peroxidase, Skin Tests, business.industry, Norway, Eosinophil Cationic Protein, Age Factors, Atopic dermatitis, Immunoglobulin E, medicine.disease, Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical, Solubility, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Female, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, business
Abstract: The endotoxin receptor soluble CD14 (sCD14) has been implicated in the 'hygiene hypothesis' suggesting reduced allergic sensitization with bacterial stimulation. However, the relationship between early life sCD14 and allergic diseases is conflicting. We aimed to investigate whether possible risk factors for allergic diseases were associated with sCD14 levels at 2 yr of age. In the nested case-control study of the birth cohort studies 'Environment and Childhood Asthma study in Oslo' 411 children selected with recurrent bronchial obstruction (rBO) (n=241) and no bronchial obstruction (n=170) by 2 yr were investigated with skin prick test and structured parental interview at age 2 yr. Exposure to tobacco smoke, pets and infections was recorded semi-annually by questionnaires (0-2 yr). The sCD14 was analysed from frozen, stored serum by ELISA technique. Regression analyses were performed in all subjects with complete data (n=406, 180 girls), and in girls and in boys separately. Mean sCD14 (ng/ml) was significantly higher among girls 2035 (1973-2096) vs. 1947 (1890-2004) (boys). The sCD14 was significantly reduced among girls exposed to antenatal maternal smoking and with parental asthma, after adjusting for age, parental rhino-conjunctivitis, pet keeping and childhood infections. Recurrent otitis media (OM) increased and common colds significantly decreased sCD14 levels in girls. Boys with atopic dermatitis and rBO had reduced sCD14. Pet exposure was not significantly associated with sCD14. We report novel gender-related effects of sCD14 in early life and suggest that gender, tobacco smoke exposure, age and middle ear disease in particular should be accounted for when assessing the role of sCD14 in childhood allergic diseases.
Published: 2006

45. Asthma in every fifth child in Oslo, Norway: a 10-year follow up of a birth cohort study

Author: K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, M. Pettersen, Martinus Løvik, B. Granum, Geir Håland, Monica Cheng Munthe-Kaas, Kai-Håkon Carlsen, and Chandra Sekhar Devulapalli
Subjects: Spirometry, Male, Risk, medicine.medical_specialty, Allergy, Pediatrics, Immunology, Asymptomatic, Cohort Studies, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, immune system diseases, 030225 pediatrics, Wheeze, Epidemiology, medicine, Prevalence, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Family, Child, Lung, Asthma, Skin Tests, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Norway, Infant, Newborn, Infant, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, 3. Good health, 030228 respiratory system, El Niño, Child, Preschool, Female, medicine.symptom, business, Cohort study
Abstract: Background: The western world's increase in childhood asthma is suggested to level off. We aimed to investigate asthma prevalence in 10-year-old children within the prospective birth cohort Environment and Childhood Asthma (ECA) Study in Oslo established in 1992/1993. Subjects and methods: Six hundred and sixteen (77%) of 803 children (mean age 10.9 ± 0.9 (SD) years) with lung function measurements at birth were reinvestigated at age 10 years. At birth they corresponded to the entire birth cohort (n = 3754) regarding gender, socio-demographic factors, parental allergic diseases, pet keeping and maternal smoking. Results from structured parental interview, spirometry, and skin prick test for inhalant and food allergens are presented. Asthma definition required minimum two positive criteria, (i) doctor's diagnosis of asthma, (ii) wheeze and/or chest tightness, (iii) use of anti-asthmatic treatment. Current asthma required asthma definition plus either (ii) and/or (iii) in the last 12 months, and/or ≥10% fall in forced expired volume in 1 s after treadmill running. Results: Lifetime prevalence of asthma was 20.2%; current asthma 11.1%, doctor diagnosis of asthma 16.1% and wheezes ever 30.3%. Allergic sensitization (29.3% overall) was more common among children with current (56.3%) compared to asymptomatic (last 12 months) (26.0%) or no asthma (27.6%) (P
Published: 2006

46. Standard skin prick testing and sensitization to inhalant allergens across Europe - a survey from the GA²LEN network

Author: H. Van Hoecke, Tari Haahtela, C. N. Lahoz, K-H. Carlsen, Jean Bousquet, T. Kopp, P. Van Cauwenberge, B. Jessberger, A. M. Vignola, Sergio Bonini, Stefan Wöhrl, Megon Bresciani, Peter Schmid-Grendelmeier, Ulf Darsow, T. Zuberbier, Anthony J. Frew, Carsten Bindslev-Jensen, J. Ring, W. J. Fokkens, L. Heinzerling, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, Marek L. Kowalski, Nikolaos G. Papadopoulos, Heinzerling, L, Frew, Aj, BINDSLEV JENSEN, C, Bonini, Sergio, Bousquet, J, Bresciani, M, Carlsen, K. H., VAN CAUWENBERGE, P, Darsow, U, Fokkens, Wj, Haahtela, T, VAN HOECKE, H, Jessberger, B, Kowalski, Ml, Kopp, T, Lahoz, Cn, LODRUP CARLSEN, Kc, Papadopoulos, Ng, Ring, J, SCHMID GRENDELMEIER, P, Vignola, Am, Whrl, S, and Zuberbier, T.
Subjects: Intoxicative inhalant, European network, inhalant allergens, standard skin prick testing, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Allergy, business.industry, Immunology, Research findings, medicine.disease, medicine.disease_cause, Dermatology, Allergic sensitization, Allergen, medicine.anatomical_structure, Immunology and Allergy, Medicine, Hay fever, business, Sensitization, Asthma
Abstract: Skin prick testing (SPT) is the standard method for diagnosing allergic sensitization but is to some extent performed differently in clinical centres across Europe. There would be advantages in harmonizing the standard panels of allergens used in different European countries, both for clinical purposes and for research, especially with increasing mobility within Europe and current trends in botany and agriculture. As well as improving diagnostic accuracy, this would allow better comparison of research findings in European allergy centres. We have compared the different SPT procedures operating in 29 allergy centres within the Global Allergy and Asthma European Network (GA2LEN). Standard SPT is performed similarly in all centres, e.g. using commercial extracts, evaluation after 15–20min exposure with positive results defined as a wheal >3mm diameter. The perennial allergens included in the standard SPT panel of inhalant allergens are largely similar (e.g. cat: pricked in all centres; dog: 26 of 29 centres and Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus: 28 of 29 centres) but the choice of pollen allergens vary considerably, reflecting different exposure and sensitization rates for regional inhalant allergens. This overview may serve as reference for the practising doctor and suggests a GA2LEN Pan-European core SPT panel.
Published: 2005

47. Airway infections in infancy and the presence of allergy and asthma in school age children

Author: Wenche Nystad, Øystein Hetlevik, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, F. Njå, and K-H. Carlsen
Subjects: Hypersensitivity, Immediate, Male, Allergy, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Recurrence, Risk Factors, Wheeze, medicine, Odds Ratio, Humans, Respiratory sounds, Child, Respiratory Tract Infections, Asthma, Respiratory Sounds, Skin Tests, Respiratory tract infections, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Respiratory disease, Infant, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, body regions, Otitis Media, Otitis, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Immunology, Original Article, Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Aim: To investigate the association between a history of otitis media and respiratory tract infections in infancy and allergic sensitisation and asthma in school age children of atopic and non-atopic parents. Methods: Based on a survey of 4585 schoolchildren, three groups of children aged 6–16 years were selected, of whom 502 were eligible with complete data: (1) diagnosed asthma (n = 166); (2) wheeze within past 12 months (n = 155); and (3) no asthma/no wheeze (n = 181). This study population was further analyzed by subgroups of children with or without parental atopy. Main outcome measures were allergic sensitisation verified by skin prick test and asthma. Results: Children of atopic parents had a reduced risk of developing allergic sensitisation in school age if they had a combined history of both otitis media and lower respiratory tract infections during infancy (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.13, 95% CI 0.03 to 0.50) or a history of otitis media (aOR 0.31, 95% CI 0.12 to 0.83). A history of lower respiratory tract infections in infancy increased the risk of asthma in children of non-atopic parents (aOR 4.21, 95% CI 1.68 to 10.57). Conclusion: In the present study population, a history of otitis media in infancy seems to be negatively associated with allergic sensitisation in school age children of atopic parents, whereas a history of lower respiratory tract infections was positively associated with asthma in children of non-atopic parents.
Published: 2003

48. Lung function measurements in young children with spinal muscle atrophy; a cross sectional survey on the effect of position and bracing

Author: S. E. Tangsrud, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, I. Lund-Petersen, and K-H. Carlsen
Subjects: musculoskeletal diseases, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Supine position, Posture, Respiratory physiology, Scoliosis, Sitting, Statistics, Nonparametric, Muscular Atrophy, Spinal, Physical medicine and rehabilitation, medicine, Supine Position, Humans, Child, Braces, business.industry, Respiratory disease, Methodology, Spinal muscular atrophy, medicine.disease, SMA, Bracing, Respiratory Function Tests, Cross-Sectional Studies, Child, Preschool, Pediatrics, Perinatology and Child Health, Physical therapy, Female, business
Abstract: BACKGROUNDSpinal muscular atrophy (SMA) affects respiratory muscles, which in addition to progressive scoliosis leads to respiratory impairment. Children with developing scoliosis are usually treated with spinal bracing to delay the progress.AIMSTo assess the impact of body position and application of spinal bracing on lung function during tidal breathing in children with SMA.METHODSLung function was determined by tidal flow volume loops and passive respiratory mechanics (single breath occlusion technique) in all eight children in southern Norway with SMA type I and II, in both the sitting and supine position. Additional measurements were performed with and without bracing in five children. Muscle strength was assessed by the Brooks scale.RESULTSTidal expiratory volume (VE) and compliance of the respiratory system (CRS) tended to be higher in the sitting compared to the supine position, but this was not statistically significant. However, applying bracing in the sitting position significantly reduced VE. The highest values of CRS and VEwere found in the sitting position without bracing.CONCLUSIONImpairment of tidal respiration must be considered when applying spinal bracing in very young children developing scoliosis with SMA.
Published: 2001

49. In utero exposure to cigarette smoking influences lung function at birth

Author: Jouni J. K. Jaakkola, K. C. Lødrup Carlsen, Per Nafstad, and Kai-Håkon Carlsen
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Male, Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, Passive smoking, Respiratory rate, Birth weight, Mothers, Pulmonary compliance, medicine.disease_cause, Tobacco smoke, Cohort Studies, Fetus, Pregnancy, Smoke, medicine, Tidal Volume, Birth Weight, Humans, Lung, Lung Compliance, Asthma, Expiratory Time, Labor, Obstetric, business.industry, Obstetrics, Airway Resistance, Smoking, Infant, Newborn, medicine.disease, Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects, Female, Tobacco Smoke Pollution, business, Pulmonary Ventilation
Abstract: To avoid the possible confounding effects of postnatal exposure to tobacco smoke, we investigated possible effects of uterine tobacco smoke (UTS) exposure upon infant lung function shortly after birth. Infants with no major disease, in one maternity ward in Oslo, Norway, participating in a cohort study established in 1992/1993, were included in the present study (n=803). Exposure information, assessed as maternal active and passive smoking during pregnancy and other personal and environmental factors, was obtained by questionnaire. Tidal flow-volume (TFV) loops (n=802) and compliance (Crs) and resistance (Rrs) of the respiratory system (n=663) were measured at a mean age of 2.7 days. In girls, the TFV ratio (time to reach peak expiratory flow to total expiratory time (tPEF/tE)), and Crs were significantly lower with active as well as passive maternal smoking compared to nonexposure to UTS. Respiratory rate and Rrs were not significantly influenced by UTS exposure. However, in linear regression analysis adjusted for confounding factors (including respiratory rate), tPEF/tE and Crs, but not Rrs, were related to maternal active but not passive daily smoking. One daily cigarette corresponded to a change in tPEF/tE of -0.0021 (95% confidence interval (95% CI) -0.0040 to -0.0002) and a change in Crs of -0.026 mL x cmH2O (95% CI -0.045 to -0.007 mL x cmH2O). The decrease was 0.023 and 0.29, respectively, in infants of an average smoker. Maternal smoking during pregnancy adversely affected tidal flow-volume ratios in healthy newborn babies, as well as the compliance of the respiratory system in girls, independently of the reduced body size also resulting from maternal smoking.
Published: 1997

50. Tidal breathing analysis and response to salbutamol in awake young children with and without asthma

Author: K. C. Lødrup Carlsen and K-H. Carlsen
Subjects: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine, Male, Respiratory rate, Consciousness, medicine.drug_class, Bronchodilator, Tidal Volume, Medicine, Humans, Lung volumes, Albuterol, Tidal volume, Asthma, Expiratory Time, Inhalation, business.industry, Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted, respiratory system, medicine.disease, respiratory tract diseases, Anesthesia, Child, Preschool, Salbutamol, Female, business, Pulmonary Ventilation, circulatory and respiratory physiology, medicine.drug
Abstract: The purpose of the present study was to investigate: 1) whether tidal flow patterns can be used to discriminate between children with asthma and those without respiratory illness; and 2) whether reversibility to salbutamol in young children can be detected by tidal breathing analysis? Lung function was measured by tidal flow-volume loops (SensorMedics 2600) in 26 awake young children (13 males) with asthma (aged 7-85 months; mean age 33 months), and 26 (13 males) (aged 3-72 months; mean age 34 months) without respiratory illness, before and 15 min after inhalation of nebulized salbutamol, 0.05 mg.kg-1. The ratios of the time and volume until peak expiratory flow to the total expiratory time and volume, respectively, (TPEF/TE and VPEF/VE), and the ratio of tidal expiratory flow at 25% remaining expiration to peak expiratory flow, TEF25/PEF, were significantly lower in asthmatic children than in controls, and increased significantly after salbutamol inhalation in the former. Conversely, TPEF/TE and VPEF/VE, but not TEF25/PEF decreased significantly in the controls after salbutamol inhalation. Respiratory rate and expiratory volume.kg-1 body weight did not differ significantly between the two groups before and after salbutamol inhalation. We conclude that tidal breathing analysis can discriminate young children with asthma from children without respiratory illness, both regarding baseline lung function and reversibility to salbutamol.
Published: 1994

Catalog

Books, media, physical & digital resources

See catalog results

Searchworks

Select search scope, currently: Articles Catalog books, media & more in Jio Institute collections Articles journal articles & other e-resources

Search

Search Constraints

Refine your results

Search Limiters

Topic

Publication Year Range

Language

Journal

Database

Publisher

53 results on '"K. C. Lødrup Carlsen"'

Search Results

Catalog

Select search scope, currently: Articles

Catalog

books, media & more in Jio Institute collections

Articles

journal articles & other e-resources