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Fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) has been developed as a useful marker for eosinophilic airway inflammation and is widely used in clinical practice due to its convenience and noninvasiveness. There are two NO analyzers commonly used in China: the Sunvou-CA2122 Analyzer (NOS) and the NIOX VERO Analyzer (NOV). However, the relationships between the two devices have not yet been reported. The aim of our study was to determine the correlation and differences in the FeNO levels measured by the two devices. FeNO levels were measured by both NOS and NOV in 107 adult patients with asthma. The asthma control test (ACT) score and lung function were also evaluated. This study was registered in the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry (http://www.chictr.org.cn). NOS yielded generally higher FeNO values than NOV [median (range): 87.0 (16 ∼ 276) vs 58.0 (9 ∼ 228); p rs = 0.878, p NOS and logFeNONOV (95% CI: –0.45 ∼ 0.14). The conversion equation was calculated as follows: logFeNONOS= 0.027 + 0.904× logFeNONOV. This was the first report to compare FeNO levels measured by NOS and NOV, showing a strongly positive correlation and a low degree of consistency between the two devices. Further prospective studies are required to verify our conclusions and determine the validity of the equation.

The lung is constantly exposed to environmental particulates such as aeroallergens, pollutants, or microorganisms and is protected by a poised immune response. Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) are a population of immune cells found in a variety of tissue sites, particularly barrier surfaces such as the lung and the intestine. ILCs play a crucial role in the innate immune system, and they are involved in the maintenance of mucosal homeostasis, inflammation regulation, tissue remodeling, and pathogen clearance. In recent years, group 3 innate lymphoid cells (ILC3s) have emerged as key mediators of mucosal protection and repair during infection, mainly through IL-17 and IL-22 production. Although research on ILC3s has become focused on the intestinal immunity, the biology and function of pulmonary ILC3s in the pathogenesis of respiratory infections and in the development of chronic pulmonary inflammatory diseases remain elusive. In this review, we will mainly discuss how pulmonary ILC3s act on protection against pathogen challenge and pulmonary inflammation, as well as the underlying mechanisms.

To the Editor,We read with great interest the recent study by Zayed et al. reporting dupilumab safety and efficacy in uncontrolled asthma [1]. They reported that the addition of dupilumab reduced r...

Background Chemoattractant receptor-homologous molecule expressed on Th2 cells (CRTH2) antagonists are novel agents for asthma but with controversial efficacies in clinical trials. Therefore, we conducted a meta-analysis to determine the roles of CRTH2 antagonists in asthma. Methods We searched in major databases for RCTs comparing CRTH2 antagonists with placebo in asthma. Fixed- or random-effects model was performed to calculate mean differences (MD), risk ratio (RR) or risk difference (RD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results A total of 14 trails with 4671 participants were included in our final analysis. Instead of add-on treatment of CRTH2 antagonists to corticosteroids, CRTH2 antagonist monotherapy significantly improved pre-bronchodilator FEV1 (MD = 0.09, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.15, P = 0.0005), FEV1% predicted (MD = 3.65, 95% CI 1.15 to 6.14, P = 0.004), and AQLQ (MD = 0.25, 95% CI 0.09 to 0.41, P = 0.002), and reduced asthma exacerbations (RR = 0.45, 95% CI 0.23 to 0.85, P = 0.01). Rescue use of SABA was significantly decreased in both CRTH2 antagonist monotherapy (MD = − 0.04, 95% CI -0.05 to − 0.03, P

A new variable speed control moment gyro (VSCMG) steering law is proposed in order to achieve higher torque precision. The dynamics of VSCMGs is established, and two work modes are then designed according to command torque: control momentum gyro (CMG)/reaction wheel (RW) hybrid mode for the large torque case and RW single mode for the small. When working in the CMG/RW hybrid mode, the steering law deals with the gimbal dead-zone nonlinearity through compensation by RW sub-mode. This is in contrast to the conventional CMG singularity avoidance and wheel speed equalization, as well as the proof of definitely hyperbolic singular property of the CMG sub-mode. When working in the RW single mode, the motion of gimbals will be locked. Both the transition from CMG/RW hybrid mode to RW single mode and the reverse are studied. During the transition, wheel speed equalization and singularity avoidance of both the CMG and RW sub-modes are considered. A steering law for the RWs with locked gimbals is presented. It is shown by simulations that the VSCMGs with this new steering law could reach a better torque precision than the normal CMGs in the case of both large and small torques.