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The fast and high response detection of neurotoxic H2S is of great importance for the environment. In this paper, directly electrospinning technology on the ceramic tube is developed to improve the response of H2S detector based on superlong SnO2 fibers. The submillimeter continuous fibers are deposited directly on ceramic tubes by in-situ electrospinning method and can keep morphology of fibers during calcination. By employing this technology, CuO-doped SnO2 fiber H2S detectors are fabricated, and 10% atom CuO-doped SnO2 H2S detector shows the highest response of 40 toward 1 ​ppm ​H2S at 150 ​°C while the response is only 3.6 for the H2S detector prepared in traditional route. In addition, the in-situ electrospinning H2S detectors show faster response and recovery compared to the H2S detectors fabricated by the conventional way. The high and fast response of H2S detectors based on in-situ electrospinning can be ascribed to the continuous fiber structure and CuO modification. The present in-situ electrospinning technology may provide a new strategy for the development of other gas-detectors and bio-detectors with fast and high response.

Different from other types of hydraulic turbines, the fluid–structure coupling vibration behavior of Kaplan turbine runners has still been studied limited before. One problem is that their blades can rotate according to load changes, and the internal interactions among the blades via the flow field may produce an important influence on the added mass and added damping of the runner, particularly when the blade angle is small. In this paper, the influence of internal blade-interactions on the added mass and added damping of a prototype Kaplan turbine runner has been studied numerically. An isolated stage model from the end of the stay vanes to the bottom of the hub with six blades was considered for simulation. The Acoustic Fluid-Structure Interaction (FSI) technology based on the Finite Element Method was used to investigate the added mass effect first and to provide the modal shapes and initial frequencies for the following one-way FSI analysis based on the Finite Volume Method. The natural frequencies predicted by the Acoustic FSI were compared with those from the one-way FSI analysis to validate the simulations. Then, the influence of internal blade-interactions on the added mass and added damping, as well as the mechanisms, were analyzed.

We developed and validated a set of composite scores that combine quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-based measurements of hyaline cartilage damage, bone marrow lesions (BMLs), and effusion-synovitis into composite scores.We selected 300 participants (n = 100 for development cohort; n = 200 for validation cohort) from the Osteoarthritis Initiative with complete clinical, radiographic, and MRI data at baseline and 24 months. We used semiautomated programs to quantify tibiofemoral and patellar cartilage damage, BML volume, and whole-knee effusion-synovitis volume. The candidate composite scores were formed by summing changes from baseline to 24 months based on prespecified methods. We evaluated the candidate composite scores for 1) the ability to differentiate groups with and without knee osteoarthritis progression (17 radiographic and patient-reported definitions), 2) sensitivity to change (standardized response means), and 3) relative performance relating to legacy outcome measures of knee osteoarthritis progression.Three of 13 developed composite scores qualified for testing in the validation cohort (ranked by sensitivity to change): whole-knee cumulative cartilage damage, unweighted total knee score, and BML plus effusion-synovitis volume. Change in cumulative cartilage damage associated with radiographic progression (Kellgren/Lawrence grade: odds ratio [OR] 1.84; joint space width progression: OR 2.11). Changes in the unweighted total knee score (OR 1.97) and BML plus effusion-synovitis score (OR 1.92) associated with Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index knee pain progression.Two composite scores emerged, reflecting discrete domains of knee osteoarthritis progression. First, cumulative damage, which is measured by a whole-knee cartilage damage score, reflects the damage accrued over time. Second, dynamic disease activity, which is measured by a BML plus effusion-synovitis score, relates to changes in a patient's state of disease and symptoms.

Stable organic luminescent radicals are a special class of compounds integrating optical, electrical, and magnetic properties. Luminescent radicals not only have potential applications in the field...

Thermally activated delayed fluorescent (TADF) materials capable of efficient solution-processed non-doped organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) are of important and practical significance for further development of OLEDs. In this work, a new electron-donating segment, 2,7-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-9,9-dimethyl-9,10-dihydroacridine (2Cz-DMAC), was designed to develop solution-processable non-doped TADF emitters. 2Cz-DMAC can not only simultaneously increase the solubility of compounds and suppress harmful aggregation-caused quenching, but also efficiently broaden the delocalization of the highest occupied molecular orbital and promote the reverse intersystem crossing process. Three new TADF emitters, 2-(2,7-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-9,9-dimethylacridin-10(9H)-yl)dibenzo[b,d]thiophene 5,5-dioxide (2Cz-DMAC-BTB), 2-(2,7-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-9,9-dimethylacridin-10(9H)-yl)-9H-thioxanthen-9-one (2Cz-DMAC-TXO), 2-(2,7-di(9H-carbazol-9-yl)-9,9-dimethylacridin-10(9H)-yl)thianthrene 5,5,10,10-tetraoxide (2Cz-DMAC-TTR), were developed by using 2Cz-DMAC segment as the electron-donor. As anticipated, the solution-processed non-doped OLEDs employing 2Cz-DMAC-BTB, 2Cz-DMAC-TXO and 2Cz-DMAC-TTR as the emitters respectively exhibited green, orange and red emissions with maximum external quantum efficiencies of 14.0%, 6.6% and 2.9%. These results successfully demonstrate the feasibility and convenience of developing efficient solution-processable non-doped TADF emitters based on 2Cz-DMAC segment.

Summary Introduction To analyze the clinicopathological characteristics, immunohistochemistry, genotyping and prognosis of patients in the multicenter GIST data in Inner Mongolia, China. Methods Retrospective analysis was performed on GIST data from January 2013 to January 2018 in Inner Mongolia. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the clinical characteristics of GIST patients. The Chi-square test was performed on the modified NIH criteria by age distribution, and Kaplan-Merie method was used for survival analysis. Results A total of 804 patients were included in the GIST database in Inner Mongolia, with a male to female ratio of 1.1102:1. The most common location was the gastric (465). Mitotic count ≤5/50HPFs was found in 67.3 % patients. There were 276 patients with tumor diameter of 2–5 cm and 354 patients with tumor diameter of 5.1–10 cm.The modified NIH criteria was mainly of intermediate risk (210) and high risk (342). The recurrence and metastasis of patients were related to the tumor location, mitotic index, tumor size, and modified NIH criteria. All patients were followed up for 1–10 years, in which 63.1 % of them were followed up for at least three years. The 3-year survival rates of patients with modified NIH criteria of very low risk, low risk, intermediate risk, and high risk were 100 %, 100 %, 100 %, and 96.3 %, respectively. Conclusions The incidence of GIST in middle-aged and elder people in Inner Mongolia is high, and the long-term prognosis of patients after surgical treatment is good, which can objectively reflect the incidence, diagnosis and treatment of GIST in Inner Mongolia.

Camera and LIDAR are both important sensor modalities for real-world applications, especially autonomous driving. The sensors provide complementary information and make sensor fusion possible. However, the progress of early-fusion for both modalities is very slow due to the limitations of viewpoint misalignment, feature misalignment and data volume alignment, so that its performance is also very low. In this work, we propose a novel fusion pipeline: an early-fusion method of range image and RGB image to enhance 3D object detection. It takes full advantage of LIDAR’s range view, point view, bird’s eye view, and RGB view of the camera: First, it uses a large-scale 2D detection data set to pre-train a 2D detection network for extracting high-level semantic features from the RGB image; Second, it uses a specially designed 2D convolution network to extract high-level geometric features from the range image; Third, it fuses the semantic and geometric features through the point view of point clouds; Finally, the point view is transferred to bird’s eye view for 3D object detection. Both the range image and the RGB image are front views, so the multi-modal features are more matched. Experiments show that the proposed method has large improvements on the method of using only the point cloud, and outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on the self-built actual data set. In ablation, we study the dependence of the fusion method on 2D features and the effect of different fusion positions on the performance.

Online handwritten diagram recognition (OHDR) has attracted considerable attention for its potential applications in many areas, but it is a challenging task due to the complex 2D structure, writing style variation, and lack of annotated data. Existing OHDR methods often have limitations in modeling and learning complex contextual relationships. To overcome these challenges, we propose an OHDR method based on graph neural networks (GNNs) in this paper. In particular, we formulate symbol segmentation and symbol recognition as node clustering and node classification problems on stroke graphs and solve the problems jointly under a unified learning framework with a GNN model. This GNN model is denoted as Instance GNN since it gives the symbol instance label as well as the semantic label. Extensive experiments on two flowchart datasets and a finite automata dataset show that our method consistently outperforms previous methods with large margins and achieves state-of-the-art performance. In addition, we release a large-scale annotated online handwritten flowchart dataset, CASIA-OHFC, and provide initial experimental results as a baseline.

Synthetic aperture radar automatic target recognition (SAR ATR) is a key technique of remote-sensing image recognition, which has many potential applications in the fields of military surveillance, national defense, civil application, and so on. With the development of science and technology, deep convolutional neural network (DCNN) has been widely applied for SAR ATR. However, it is difficult to use deep learning to train models with limited ray SAR images. To resolve this problem, we proposed an effectively lightweight attention mechanism CNN (AM-CNN) model for SAR ATR. Extensive experimental results on the Moving and Stationary Target Acquisition and Recognition (MSTAR) data set illustrate that the AM-CNN model can achieve a superior recognition performance, and the average recognition accuracy can reach 99.35% on the classification of 10 class targets. Compared with the traditional CNN and the state-of-the-art method, our model is significantly superior to improve performance and efficiency.

Background Recurrence of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) after chemoradiotherapy is common, but submucosal recurrence of NPC is rare. The final pathological results determine the optimal therapeutic schedule for treatment of NPC recurrence, but tissue retrieval from submucosal lesions is usually difficult. The present study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of a novel approach of endonasopharyngeal ultrasound-guided transnasopharyngeal needle aspiration (ENUS-TNNA) for submucosal neoplasms in patients with suspected NPC recurrence. Methods Between March 2017 and June 2021, 11 post-chemoradiotherapy patients with suspected magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings of submucosal recurrence of NPC underwent ENUS-TNNA. The safety and effectiveness of using ENUS-TNNA to sample submucosal neoplasms were evaluated. Results Needle aspiration biopsies were performed without any incidences in all cases. Out of the 11 patients, nine were diagnosed with submucosal recurrence of NPC via histopathological or cytological evaluations. Of the two puncture-negative cases, one patient had atypical imaging findings and clinical manifestations and was therefore followed-up using MRI. After follow-up for 3 years, this patient was still considered to be cancer-free due to the shrinking diameters of the submucosal lesions. For the other puncture-negative patient, submucosal biopsy samples were obtained using a surgical method. Pathological examination of these biopsies revealed that an angiosarcoma had developed after radiotherapy. There were no severe complications that occurred during the ENUS-TNNA procedure. Conclusion ENUS-TNNA is a safe, effective, and minimally invasive approach to obtain tissue samples from the submucosal region of the nasopharynx for patients with suspected NPC recurrence.

This paper focused on the stable operation and control strategy of the hydro-turbine governing system (HTGS) in an isolated-grid operation mode. The stable operation of a hydropower station in isolated-grid operation mode is important for the safe operation of a power system. A regional power grid can be isolated from a main grid due to factors such as natural disasters, grid failures, and human errors. The Lunzua hydropower station in Zambia is often forced to operate as an isolated grid. To ensure its safe and stable operation, we conducted isolated-grid regulation tests in conjunction with field testing of HTGS and determined the parameters of the HTGS for stable operation of the isolated grid. In the field test, we first set the no-load and initial parameters for the isolated-grid mode through the no-load disturbance tests. Through simulated isolated-grid operation tests, we verified and further tuned the initial parameters. Meanwhile, we propose a control strategy for the transition between large-grid and isolated-grid modes. Through operational tests, we determined the parameters for stable operation in isolated-grid mode. During testing, we found that the water flow inertia time constant Tw was too large and the inertial time constant Ta of the impulsive generator was too small, which resulted in a narrow stability range of proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller parameters for isolated-grid operation. The governing stability for isolated-grid operation was thus sensitive to the PID parameters. Since the isolated-grid field operation test of the HTGS of the Lunzua hydropower station was completed in August 2016, the generator units have maintained safe and stable operation in large-grid and isolated-grid modes, which validated the isolated-grid operation parameters and control strategy for the transition between large-grid and isolated-grid modes as determined by our test method. The methods of field test and control strategies used for isolated-grid operation have important practical value for the isolated grid operation of hydropower stations.

Background Whether in the world or in China, allergic rhinitis (AR) is a disease that seriously affects people's daily life. However, the current diagnostic methods for AR still have certain limitations. Adopt matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) for proteomics detection makes it possible to screen for high-throughput biomarkers. This study intends to use this technology to analyze the urine proteomics of AR patients to find potential biomarkers for AR diagnosis. Materials and methods Urine and clinical data were collected from 60 patients with AR and 60 healthy controls. MALDI-TOF-MS based on weak cation exchange magnetic beads was used to obtain and analyze the urine peptide profiles between AR patients and healthy controls. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the diagnostic ability of identified peptides and proteins. Results The results revealed significantly different expressions of nine peptide peaks between AR and healthy controls (ROC area under the curve [AUC], 0.660–0.780). We constructed a diagnostic model containing seven proteins identified from the above-mentioned peptide peaks. The AUC of the seven peptides panel for AR diagnosis was 0.882 with 75.0% sensitivity and 90.0% specificity. Conclusions The seven peptides diagnostic model established in this study had high specificity and moderate sensitivity in the diagnosis of AR. MALDI-TOF MS is a potential tool for diagnosing AR by the use of urine samples.

As the typical span of suspension bridge increases and multi-tower suspension bridges are developed, the linear flutter theory cannot meet the design requirements of modern flexible bridges, and the study of nonlinear flutter of bridges becomes necessary. The author discovered the flutter-mode transition phenomenon in a full-bridge aeroelastic model wind tunnel test of the Maanshan Bridge; that is, the bridge vibration was transformed from first-order anti-symmetric torsion mode (A-T-1) to first-order symmetric torsion mode (S-T-1) and diverged when the flutter critical wind speed was approached. A vertical bending mode acted as a medium for energy transfer between A-T-1 and S-T-1. This phenomenon greatly increased the critical wind speed of flutter, and therefore it is interesting to study its mechanism. Starting from the nonlinear nature of the bridge structure itself, this paper discusses the mechanism of the flutter-mode transition phenomenon, and analyzes the typical characteristics of flutter-mode transition of Maanshan Bridge in depth. A nonlinear discrete mathematical model of the Maanshan Bridge is built, and the transition between the vertical bending mode and torsional mode of the bridge is realized. Adopting the Mathieu function theory and based on the single-degree-of-freedom vibration equation of the Maanshan Bridge corresponding to each mode, the evolution between A-T-1 and S-T-1 is realized, the mechanism of which is also explained.

Limited backhaul bandwidth and blockage effects are two main factors limiting the practical deployment of millimeter wave (mmWave) networks. To tackle these issues, we study the feasibility of relaying as well as caching in mmWave networks. A user association and relaying (UAR) criterion dependent on both caching status and maximum biased received power is proposed by considering the spatial correlation caused by the coexistence of base stations (BSs) and relay nodes (RNs). A joint UAR and caching placement problem is then formulated to maximize the backhaul offloading traffic. Using stochastic geometry tools, we decouple the joint UAR and caching placement problem by analyzing the relationship between UAR probabilities and caching placement probabilities. We then optimize the transformed caching placement problem based on polyblock outer approximation by exploiting the monotonic property in the general case and utilizing convex optimization in the noise-limited case. Accordingly, we propose a BS and RN selection algorithm where caching status at BSs and maximum biased received power are jointly considered. Experimental results demonstrate a significant enhancement of backhaul offloading using the proposed algorithms, and show that deploying more RNs and increasing cache size in mmWave networks is a more cost-effective alternative than increasing BS density to achieve similar backhaul offloading performance.

Introducing transition metals into the intercluster linkers has been considered an important strategy for the rapid development of metal chalcogenide supertetrahedral (Tn) cluster-based open frameworks with excellent properties. However, using this strategy for achieving the structure and property tunability in the cluster-based framework of Tn (n ≥ 5) is still a great challenge. Herein, we report on three new sulfide and oxosulfide open frameworks of T5 clusters, i.e., T5-ZnMnInOS ([In30Zn5Mn4O2S58]12-), T5-MnInOS ([In34Mn5O2S58]8-), and T5-MnInS ([In28Mn6S54]12-). Interestingly, transition metals Zn and Mn are successfully introduced into T5-ZnMnInOS and T5-MnInOS via the consolidation of corner-shared Zn2OS2 and Mn2OS2 units, respectively. Under the photoexcitation of UV light, three compounds can emit bright-orange-red light closely associated with the Mn2+ ions, and the compounds containing M2OS2 units exhibit better photoluminescence (PL) lifetimes. Variable-temperature PL spectra demonstrate that the introduced M2OS2 units are favorable for weakening the deformation of the skeleton structure and decreasing the red shifts of the emission peaks at low temperatures. Moreover, the experimental results exhibit that the three compounds are wide-band-gap semiconductors and that the photogenerated electron separation efficiency can be doubly increased because the intercluster linkers are fixed by the M2OS2 units. This work paves a new way for enriching the content and distribution types of transition-metal sites in the supertetrahedral cluster-based metal chalcogenide open frameworks.

The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19) has globally strained medical resources and caused significant mortality. This study was aimed to develop and validate a prediction model based on clinical features to estimate the risk of patients with COVID‐19 at admission progressing to critical patients. Patients admitted to the hospital between January 16, 2020, and March 10, 2020, were retrospectively enrolled, and they were observed for at least 14 days after admission to determine whether they developed into severe pneumonia. According to the clinical symptoms, all patients were divided into four groups: mild, normal, severe, and critical. A total of 390 patients with COVID‐19 pneumonia were identified, including 212 severe patients and 178 nonsevere patients. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression reduced the variables in the model to 6, which are age, number of comorbidities, computed tomography severity score, lymphocyte count, aspartate aminotransferase, and albumin. The area under curve of the model in the training set is 0.898, and the specificity and sensitivity were 89.7% and 75.5%. The prediction model, nomogram might be useful to access the onset of severe and critical illness among COVID‐19 patients at admission, which is instructive for clinical diagnosis.

Introduction: Mild traumatic brain injury (mild TBI) exhibited abnormal brain network topologies associated with cognitive dysfunction. However, it was still unclear which aspects of network organi...

AIM The pharmacokinetic (PK) properties of cyclosporine (CsA) in renal transplant recipients are patient- and time-dependent. Knowledge of this time-related variability is necessary to maintain or achieve CsA target exposure. Here, we aimed to identify factors explaining variabilities in CsA PK properties and characterize time-varying clearance (CL/F) by performing a comprehensive analysis of CsA PK factors using population PK (popPK) modeling of long-term follow-up data from our institution. METHODS In total, 3674 whole-blood CsA concentrations from 183 patients who underwent initial renal transplantation were analyzed using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling. The effects of potential covariates were selected according to a previous study and well-accepted theoretical mechanisms. Model-informed individualized therapeutic regimens were also evaluated. RESULTS A two-compartment model adequately described the data and the estimated mean CsA CL/F was 32.6 L h-1 (relative standard error: 5%). Allometrically scaled body size, hematocrit (HCT) level, CGC haplotype carrier status, and postoperative time may contribute to CsA PK variability. The CsA bioavailability in patients receiving a prednisolone dose (PD) of 80 mg was 20.6% lower than that in patients receiving 20 mg. A significant decrease (52.6%) in CL/F was observed as the HCT increased from 10.5% to 60.5%. The CL/F of the non-CGC haplotype carrier was 14.4% lower than that of the CGC haplotype carrier at 3 months post operation. CONCLUSIONS By monitoring body size, HCT, PD, and CGC haplotype, changes in CsA CL/F over time could be predicted. Such information could be used to optimize CsA therapy. CsA dose adjustments should be considered in different postoperative periods.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to assess the attitudes of Chinese residents toward COVID-19 vaccines and explore the potential drivers for Chinese residents' vaccine hesitancy. METHODS: A cross-sectional survey was conducted from February 16 to March 16, 2021, by administering an online questionnaire to the Chinese residents. RESULTS: Of 5240 residents who completed the survey, 464 (8.9%) participants reported to have had one shot, and 348 (6.6%) reported to have had 2 shots. At the time the questionnaire was administered, 2298 (43.9%) participants reported they wanted to get vaccinated, while 2255 (43.0%) declared that they still did not know, and 687 (13.1%) respondents declared vaccine refusal. Overall, 2255 (43%) participants were categorized as vaccine hesitancy. Female participants (p=0.000)

To study the MRI characteristics of early extrapancreatic necrosis and compare them with those of peripancreatic fluid collections in acute pancreatitis (AP).This retrospective study enrolled 70 AP patients who had extrapancreatic collections visible on MRI within 1 week of onset. Extrapancreatic collections were divided into extrapancreatic necrosis and peripancreatic fluid collections based on follow-up MRI, CT, or pathology. The number and area of extrapancreatic collections, extrapancreatic inflammation on MRI (EPIM) score, MR severity index score and clinical characteristics were evaluated and compared between the two groups.Of the seventy AP patients, 32 (45.7%) had extrapancreatic necrosis, and 38 (54.3%) had peripancreatic fluid collections. The number and area of extrapancreatic collections, MR severity index score, EPIM score, and prevalence of associated hemorrhage were significantly higher in extrapancreatic necrosis patients than in those with peripancreatic fluid collections (p0.001). Among the single indicators, the accuracy of the area of extrapancreatic collections (AUC = 0.871) was comparable to that of the EPIM score for predicting extrapancreatic necrosis and was significantly higher than that of the other two indicators. The combination of all indicators showed the highest predictive accuracy (AUC = 0.949), and combinations of two or more indicators demonstrated significantly higher predictive accuracy for extrapancreatic necrosis than any single indicator (p0.05) except for the area of extrapancreatic collections (p0.05).The MRI characteristics have the potential to differentiate early extrapancreatic necrosis from peripancreatic fluid collections and help indicate extrapancreatic necrosis.

Pilots' brain fatigue status recognition faces two important issues. They are how to extract brain cognitive features and how to identify these fatigue characteristics. In this article, a gamma deep belief network is proposed to extract multilayer deep representations of high-dimensional cognitive data. The Dirichlet distributed connection weight vector is upsampled layer by layer in each iteration, and then the hidden units of the gamma distribution are downsampled. An effective upper and lower Gibbs sampler is formed to realize the automatic reasoning of the network structure. In order to extract the 3-D instantaneous time-frequency distribution spectrum of electroencephalogram (EEG) signals and avoid signal modal aliasing, this article also proposes a smoothed pseudo affine Wigner-Ville distribution method. Finally, experimental results show that our model achieves satisfactory results in terms of both recognition accuracy and stability.

Background Dual antiplatelet therapy is considered beneficial in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS), with more bleeding events. Ginkgolide is shown to reduce platelet activation after infarction, which might be of benefit in AIS. We aimed to explore the effect of Ginkgolide in AIS patients with ICAS. Methods This was a randomized, double‐blinded, placebo‐controlled trial conducted at 61 centers in China. Within 72 h after onset, consecutive patients diagnosed as AIS with ICAS were randomized to either Ginkgolide or placebo treatment. The primary outcome was the composite of mortality and recurrent stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) during first 4 weeks in an intention‐to‐treat analysis. Secondary functional outcome was assessed by modified Rankin Scale and improvement of stroke severity was assessed by National Institution of Health Stroke Scale at day 28. Safety outcome was measured by the rate of severe adverse event (SAE). Results There were 936 patients randomized to either Ginkgolide or placebo treatment. Their average age was 64.2 ± 10.4 years old and 36.0% of the patients were female. The composite index event occurred in six patients in placebo group, and none occurred in Ginkgolide group (risk ratio 1.01; 95% CI 1.00–1.02). There were more patients who achieved favorable outcome in Ginkgolide group, compared with that of the placebo group (OR 2.16, 95%CI 1.37–3.41). SAE occurred in five (1.1%) patients in the Ginkgolide group and three (0.6%) in the placebo group (OR0.60, 95CI% 0.14–2.53). Intracranial hemorrhage occurred in 1/473 (0.2%) in the placebo group. Conclusions Ginkgolide, working as PAF antagonist, may reduce recurrent stroke in AIS with ICAS patients within 72 hours after onset. It might be an optional treatment in moderate‐to‐severe AIS patients with ICAS. (http://www.chictr.org.cn Number as ChiCTR‐IPR‐17012310)., Although dual antiplatelet therapy is considered benefit in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients with intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS), there are more bleeding events. Ginkgolide, works as PAF antagonist, may reduce recurrent and mortality in AIS with large artery stenosis within 72 hours atfer onset during 90 days follow‐up. It might play a role of neuroprotection in AIS patients with ICAS

Fluid inhomogeneous distribution affects heat transfer efficiency in the plate-fin heat exchanger (PFHE). In order to improve fluid uniform distribution in the exchanger, the irregular-shaped hole leading flow structure (IHLFS) was proposed for solving fluid inhomogeneous distribution among different layers of PFHE. The inlet distributor with irregular-shaped holes was designed according to different inlet flow velocities aiming at improving fluid uniform distribution. The results on fluid flow and heat transfer characteristics were carried out by the methods of CFD and experimental analysis, and finally, the fluid flow characteristics in inlet section of PFHE with IHLFS were achieved. Comparing with round hole leading flow structure (RHLFS), it can be observed that fluid distribution in PFHE with IHLFS is more uniform than that with round hole, however, the dynamic pressure increases accordingly and finally, increases the ratio of heat transfer and dynamic pressure. The comparison results also demonstrate that the IHLFS can improve fluid distribution, decrease fluid impact in inlet section of PFHE and finally, improve heat transfer enhancement.

To investigate the association between the Metabolic Score for Visceral Fat (METS-VF) and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and compare the predictive value of the METS-VF for T2DM incidence with other obesity indices in Chinese people. A total of 12 237 non-T2DM participants aged over 18 years from the Rural Chinese Cohort Study of 2007–2008 were included at baseline and followed up during 2013–2014. The cox proportional hazards regression was used to calculate hazard ratios (HR) and 95 % CI for the association between baseline METS-VF and T2DM risk. Restricted cubic splines were used to model the association between METS-VF and T2DM risk. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) analysis was used to evaluate the ability of METS-VF to predict T2DM incidence. During a median follow-up of 6·01 (95 % CI 5·09, 6·06) years, 837 cases developed T2DM. After adjusting for potential confounding factors, the adjusted HR for the highest v. lowest METS-VF quartile was 5·97 (95 % CI 4·28, 8·32), with a per 1-sd increase in METS-VF positively associated with T2DM risk. Positive associations were also found in the sensitivity and subgroup analyses, respectively. A significant nonlinear dose–response association was observed between METS-VF and T2DM risk for all participants (Pnonlinearity = 0·0347). Finally, the AUC value of METS-VF for predicting T2DM was largest among six indices. The METS-VF may be a reliable and applicable predictor of T2DM incidence in Chinese people regardless of sex, age or BMI.

As a key mechanism, alternative splicing (AS) plays a role in the cancer initiation and development. However, in papillary thyroid cancer (PTC), data for the comprehensive AS event profile and its clinical implications are lacking. Herein, a genome-wide AS event profiling using RNA-Seq data and its correlation with matched clinical information was performed using a 389 PTC patient cohort from the project of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). We identified 1,925 cancer-associated AS events (CASEs) by comparing paired tumors and neighboring healthy tissues. Parent genes with CASEs remarkably enriched in the pathways were linked with carcinogenesis, such as P53, KRAS, IL6-JAK-STAT3, apoptosis, and MYC signaling. The regulatory networks of AS implied an obvious correlation between the expression of splicing factor and CASE. We identified eight CASEs as predictors for overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS). The established risk score model based on DFS-associated CASEs successfully predicted the prognosis of PTC patients. From the unsupervised clustering analysis results, it is found that different clusters based on AS correlated with prognosis, molecular features, and immune characteristics. Taken together, the comprehensive genome-wide AS landscape analysis in PTC showed new AS events linked with tumorigenesis and prognosis, which provide new insights for clinical monitoring and therapy for PTC.

Ischemic stroke leads to severe neurological dysfunction in adults. Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) induces tolerance to cReperfusion inj/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Therefore, our aims were to investigate whether SIRT1 participates in regulatingin the neuro-protective effect of HBO in a cerebral I/R model and its mechanism. Mice N2a cells were used to construct an oxygen deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) model to simulate in vitro brain I/R injury and to evaluate the role of HBO in OGD/R stimulated cells. Cell proliferation was detected using MTT, and apoptosis was determined by flow cytometry. ELISA was used to measure the concentration of TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-6 related inflammatory factors. RT-qPCR and western blot assays were performed to test the expression of SIRT1. Immunoprecipitation was used to detect acetylation of HMGB1. Expression of SIRT1 was obviously reduced after OGD/R treatment in N2a cells, while SIRT1 was obviously enhanced in HBO treated cells. Moreover, knockdown of SIRT1 induced neuro-inflammation damage in cells and HBO effectively improved the inflammatory response in OGD/R treated cells by affecting SIRT1 levels. Furthermore, HBO induced the deacetylation of HMGB1 via regulating SIRT1. Interestingly, HBO via regulating the SIRT1-induced HMGB1 deacetylation and suppressing MMP-9 improved ischemic brain injury. HBO regulated ischemic brain injury via regulation of SIRT1-induced HMGB1 deacetylation, making it a potential treatment for ischemic brain injury treatment.

One-dimensional (1D) organic-inorganic hybrid lead halides with unique core-shell quantum wire structures and splendid photoluminescence properties have been considered one of the most promising high-efficiency broadband emitters. However, studies on the broadband emissions in 1D purely face-shared lead iodide hybrids are still rare so far. Herein, we report on a new 1D lead iodide hybrid, (2cepyH)PbI3 (2cepy = 1-(2-chloroethyl)pyrrolidine), characterized with face-sharing PbI6 octahedral chains. Upon UV photoexcitation, this material shows broadband yellow emissions originating from the self-trapped excitons associated with distorted Pb-I lattices on account of the strong exciton-phonon coupling, as proved by variable-temperature emission spectra. Moreover, experimental and calculated results reveal that (2cepyH)PbI3 is an indirect bandgap semiconductor, the band structures of which are governed by inorganic parts. Our work represents the first broadband emitter based on a 1D face-shared lead iodide hybrid and opens a new way to obtain the novel broadband emission materials.

Understanding the neural correlates of cognitive problems in patients with breast cancer (BC) after systemic treatment have been a topic of increasing investigation. The heterogeneity of the systemic treatment regimens may undermine our ability to identify brain microstructural alterations resulting from any given regimen. We investigated the detrimental effects of the anthracycline-based systemic treatment (AST) regimen (epirubicin and cyclophosphamide + docetaxel + tamoxifen) on brain gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) microstructural alteration in long-term BC survivors. We performed a battery of neuropsychological tests and structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to 31 long-term BC survivors who had received the AST regimen (AST group) and 43 healthy controls (HC group). Voxel-based morphometry evaluated the whole-brain voxel-wise GM volume, while diffusion tensor imaging technique with tract-based spatial statistics analysis evaluated whole-brain WM microstructural alteration. Partial least squares regression (PLSR) was used to evaluate the relationship between cognitive impairment and brain microstructural alteration in BC survivors. Compared with the HC group, the AST group exhibited a significantly poorer performance in attention, as well as a marginal significantly poorer performance in verbal working memory and executive function. Significantly lower fractional anisotropy (FA), higher radial diffusivity (RD), and lower axial diffusivity (AD) in multiple brain WM regions were showed in AST group compared with the HC group. Overlap of lower FA and higher RD was found in the body of corpus callosum (CC) and bilateral superior corona radiata (SCR), whereas overlap of lower FA and AD was found in the body of CC and right SCR. The PLSR results showed that the WM regions with overlap of lower FA and AD were significantly associated with executive and verbal working memory decline. No significant difference was observed in the GM volume between groups. Our results suggest that microstructural abnormalities of certain vulnerable WM regions in the AST regimen-exposed brain may provide neuroimaging evidence for the identification of brain injury and cognitive impairment induced by specific chemotherapy regimens.

Human Action Recognition is a research hotspot in the field of computer vision. However, due to the complexity of the environment and the diversity of actions, Human Action Recognition still faces many challenges. At the same time, traditional CNN has problems such as single feature scale, decreased accuracy of deep network, and excessive network parameters. Aiming at the above research problems, this paper proposes a novel residual network model based on Multi-scale Feature Fusion and Global Average Pooling. The model uses a Multi-scale Feature Fusion module to extract feature information of different scales, enriches spatial-time information. At the end of the network, Global Average Pooling is used to instead of a Fully Connected layer. Compared with a Fully Connected layer, Global Average Pooling will dilute the combination of the relative positions of different features. Therefore, the features trained by convolution are more effective. In addition, Global Average Pooling can realize direct mapping between output channels and feature categories to reduce excessive model parameters. The model in this paper is verified on the UT-interaction dataset, UCF11 (YouTube Action dataset), UCF101 dataset and CAVIAR dataset. The results show that compared with the state-of-the-art approaches, this approach has high recognition accuracy and excellent robustness, and has excellent performance on datasets with complex backgrounds and diverse action categories.

Jian-Biao Meng,1,2 Ma-Hong Hu,2 Ming Zhang,3 Gong-Pai Hu,4 Wei Zhang,5 Shen-Jiang Hu1 1Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, People’s Republic of China; 2Intensive Care Unit, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310012, People’s Republic of China; 3Intensive Care Unit, Hangzhou Cancer Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310002, People’s Republic of China; 4Department of Ultrasonography, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310012, People’s Republic of China; 5Department of Cardiology, Tongde Hospital of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310012, People’s Republic of ChinaCorrespondence: Shen-Jiang HuDepartment of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, People’s Republic of ChinaEmail hzhzl85519933@zju.edu.cnPurpose: This study aimed to explore relationships between whole blood copper (Cu), zinc (Zn) and Cu/Zn ratio and cardiac dysfunction in patients with septic shock.Subjects and Methods: Between April 2018 and March 2020, septic shock patients with sepsis-induced left ventricular systolic dysfunction (SILVSD, left ventricular ejection fraction, LVEF< 50%) and with no sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction (non-SIMD, septic shock alone and LVEF> 50%) and controls were prospectively enrolled. Whole blood Cu and Zn levels were measured using flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry.Results: Eighty-six patients with septic shock including both 41 SILVSD and 45 non-SIMD and 25 controls were studied. Whole blood Cu levels and Cu/Zn ratio were significantly higher and Zn levels were lower in SILVSD compared with non-SIMD and controls (Cu, p=0.009, < 0.001; Zn, p=0.029, < 0.001; Cu/Zn ratio, p=0.003, < 0.001). Both increased whole blood Cu and Cu/Zn ratio and reduced Zn were associated with lower LVEF (all p< 0.001) and higher amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) (Cu, p=0.002; Zn, p< 0.001; Cu/Zn ratio, p< 0.001) and had predictive values for SILVSD (Cu, AUC=0.666, p=0.005; Zn, AUC=0.625, p=0.039; Cu/Zn ratio, AUC=0.674, p=0.029). Whole blood Cu levels and Cu/Zn ratio were increased but Zn levels were reduced in non-survivors compared with survivors (Cu, p< 0.001; Zn, p< 0.001; Cu/Zn ratio, p< 0.001). Whole blood Cu and Zn displayed the value of predicting 28-day mortality (Cu, AUC = 0.802, p< 0.001; Zn, AUC=0.869, p< 0.001; Cu/Zn ratio, AUC=0.902, p< 0.001).Conclusion: Findings of the study suggest that whole blood Cu levels and Cu/Zn ratio are increased in SILVSD patients and positively correlated with cardiac dysfunction, while whole blood Zn levels are reduced and negatively associated with cardiac dysfunction. Moreover, both whole blood Cu, Zn and Cu/Zn ratio might distinguish between SILVSD and non-SIMD in septic shock patients and predict 28-day mortality.Trial Registration: Registered at http://www.chictr.org.cn/ChiCTR1800015709.Keywords: copper, zinc, Cu/Zn ratio, septic shock, sepsis-induced left ventricular systolic dysfunction, sepsis-induced myocardial dysfunction, diagnosis, prognosis

Objective To evaluate the outcomes of locked posterior shoulder dislocation with reverse Hill–Sachs lesions in patients treated with anatomical reconstructions. Methods Patients who were treated at our institution between January 2016 and June 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. The demographics of the patients including gender, age, occupation, and dominant arm were recorded. Eleven cases from 10 patients qualified in this study. Nine males and one female were included. The mean age of the patients was 44.8 years (range, 33–54 years). Mechanism of injury, duration between injuries and definitive diagnosis, misdiagnosis, size of humeral head impaction, treatment maneuver, and details of operation performed were reviewed. Plain radiographs and computed tomography (CT) scan were taken to determine the size of defects preoperatively and fracture healing during follow‐up. During surgery, the deltopectoral approach was employed. Anatomical reconstruction procedure including reduction, disimpaction, bone grafting, and fixation were sequentially performed. Either cancellous autograft from iliac crest or allograft were used and the fractures were anatomically reduced and stabilized by screws or plates. Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and Constant–Murley score were recorded to determine the functional outcomes preoperatively, at 3 months and 6 months postoperatively, and at the last follow‐up. The range of motion in forward flexion was recorded at 6 months follow‐up postoperatively. Results Causes of injuries included epileptic seizure in four cases, fall in three cases, and road traffic accident in three cases. Misdiagnoses occurred in five out of 10 patients. The mean time between injury and definitive treatment among those misdiagnosed was 112 days. The mean size of the impacted reverse Hill–Sachs lesions was 33.95% (range, 19.1%–42.6%). All patients received surgical management with anatomical reconstruction approach, including open reduction, disimpaction, bone grafting, and internal fixation. The mean amount of bleeding during operation was 450 mL. The mean follow‐up period was 22.6 months. Fracture healing was observed by 8 weeks in all cases postoperatively and evidence of bone grafting could not be further detected on CT scan at 6 month during follow‐up. VAS was significantly lower at the last follow‐up (0.68 ± 0.21) in comparison to preoperative scores (4.96 ± 0.97) (P, Fracture healing after treatment of locked posterior shoulder dislocation with reverse Hill–Sachs lesion via anatomical reconstructions.

Objectives To investigate the association of the baseline New Chinese Diabetes Risk Score (NCDRS) with metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk and to evaluate the power of the baseline NCDRS to predict MetS based on the rural Chinese cohort study. Methods Study participants were classified by baseline quartiles of NCDRS by gender. Multivariable logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for risk of MetS according to different diagnostic criteria. The receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) and area under the ROC curve (AUC) were used to evaluate the power of the baseline NCDRS for predicting MetS according to different diagnostic criteria. Results We included 7,133 participants, and 1,651 MetS cases were identified after 6 years follow-up. After adjusting for multivariable confounding factors and with NCDRS quartile 1 as the reference, with quartile 4, the risk of MetS was increased for all participants, men and women: ORs (95% CIs) 4.03 (3.23−5.02), 3.59 (2.56−5.05) and 5.71 (4.23−7.70), respectively. Similar results were found on sensitivity analysis. The baseline NCDRS was a good predictor of MetS for all participants, men and women with MetS defined according to the diagnostic criteria of the Chinese Joint Committee on the Development of Guidelines for the Prevention and Treatment of Dyslipidemia in Adults (JCDCG). Conclusions Our study, based on the cohort study, found that the baseline NCDRS was positively associated with risk of MetS. Furthermore, our study might provide suggestions for developing a useful and inexpensive tool for predicting MetS in the Chinese population.

BACKGROUND: Many complications after hepatectomy can lead to perioperative death, among which posthepatectomy liver failure (PHLF) is the leading one. Existing studies suggest that one of the most important risk factors for PHLF is cirrhosis. Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is an important factor in the occurrence of cirrhosis, and the exact relationship between HBV infection and PHLF is not obvious. Diabetes mellitus and postoperative blood glucose are closely associated with liver regeneration, but its exact relationship with PHLF remains unclear. METHODS: We collected clinical indicators from 920 adult patients treated at the Liver Surgery and Transplantation Center of West China Hospital of Sichuan University from April 2009 and April 2019. We conducted a univariate analysis find out the risk factors of PHLF, follow by a multivariate analysis to ascertain the independent risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were plotted to evaluate the predictive efficiency of each risk factor. RESULTS: Following hepatectomy, 205 (22.2%) of patients were diagnosed with PHLF. Several variables were confirmed to related with PHLF significantly: diabetes [P

Suspension bridge’s main cable under live load undergoes deformation depending on its gravity stiffness, i.e., work done against gravity under the initial dead load. In three-tower suspension bridges (3TSB), the middle tower's effect on the main cable's gravity stiffness is crucial but hard to assess. In this paper, the 3TSB model was simplified to the 2TSB with elastic constraints. The main cable shape was then calculated via the ratio between the simply supported beam's bending moment and the horizontal force component. The 2TSB model results were used to derive the 3TSB main cable's deflection using the middle tower's stiffness under vertical load. The analytical formula for gravity stiffness of 3TSB was derived by matching the latter with the simply supported beam's deflection formula. For a case-study 3TSB with main spans of 248 m + 1060 m + 1360 m + 380 m, analytical predictions were verified by FEM numerical results obtained via ANSYS. Linear relationships between live load and increments of the main cable's deflection and horizontal force component were derived. Besides, the main cable's deflection under live load can be reduced by increasing its sag-to-span ratio and cross-sectional area.

This meta-analysis was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and safety of single-dose dexamethasone implantation for treating persistent DME (diabetic macular edema) refractory to anti-VEGF (anti-vascular endothelial growth factor) drugs over a period of 6 months. All related clinical trials were reviewed by searching electronic databases of PubMed, Medline, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, and EMBASE. The primary outcome parameters were best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and central macular thickness (CMT). We performed this meta-analysis by using Stata15.0. Ten clinical trials involving 362 eyes from 328 patients were eligible in the final analysis. After single-dose dexamethasone implantation, there was a significant improvement in BCVA from baseline to 1, 3, and 6 months with an average increase of − 0.15 logMAR (p

Background: Long-term effects of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI) resemble brain aging changes (i.e., microstructure integrity loss), which implies an accelerated age-associated process. This study aimed to develop a quantifiable neuroimaging marker to characterize the brain-aging process accelerated by mTBI from acute to chronic phases. Methods: A brain-age prediction model was defined using relevance vector regression (RVR) in 523 healthy individuals, based on fractional anisotropy metrics from diffusion-tensor imaging. The model was adopted to estimate brain-predicted age difference (brain-PAD = predicted brain age - chronological age) in 116 acute mTBI patients and 63 healthy controls (HCs). Fifty patients were followed up 6~12 month post-injury to evaluate the longitudinal changes in brain-PAD. Another mTBI group containing 70 acute patients were included as a replicated cohort. We investigated whether brain-PAD was greater in patients with elderly age, post-concussion complaints, and risky apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype, and whether it had the potential to predict neuropsychological outcomes for information processing speed (IPS). Between-group and longitudinal comparison in brain-PAD was conducted with analysis of covariance and linear mixed-effects model, respectively. The correlation between brain-PAD and continuous variables was analyzed with Spearman rank-order correlation.Results: The RVR brain-age prediction model predicted brain age accurately (r = 0.96, R2 = 0.93). The brain age of mTBI patients was estimated to be "older" in the acute phase, with mean brain-PAD of 2.59 (± 5.97) years compared with HCs (0.12 ± 3.19 years) (P < 0.05) and replicated in another mTBI cohort (brain-PAD: 3.26 ± 4.55 years). The increased brain age in mTBI kept stable at 6-12 month post-injury (2.50 ± 4.54 years). Patients with older age or severer post-concussion complaints obtained greater brain-PAD (P < 0.001, P = 0.024), while patients with APOE ε4 didn’t obtain greater brain-PAD than those without. Additionally, brain-PAD in the acute phase predicted patients’ IPS profile at 6~12 month follow-up (rho = -0.36, P = 0.01). Conclusion: Mild TBI, even a single one, accelerates the brain-aging process. The brain-PAD can be considered as a quantitative neuroimaging marker to evaluate the susceptibility to neurodegeneration or other age-associated conditions following mTBI. Trial registration: NCT02868684.

Background: Bone metastasis is one of the most common complications of Prostate Cancer (PCa). The detection of distal bone metastasis at the time of initial PCa diagnosis is valuable for the determination of therapeutic methods and for the prognosis of PCa. Many current therapeutic methods target PCa bone metastasis, but no uniform evaluation standard for therapeutic efficacy has been established; in addition, traditional therapeutic evaluation standards that rely on changes in the measured tumor volume are quite controversial. In clinical practice, the volumes of some tumors often change nonsignificantly at the early stage of therapy (especially targeted therapy), while the volumes of other tumors, such as metastatic bone lesions, are difficult to measure. Diffusion-Weighted Imaging (DWI) not only reflects the diffusion characteristics of tissues but can also allow the analysis of microstructural and functional changes in tissues. Therefore, DWI is suitable for evaluations of early responses to tumor therapy. Objective: This study mainly reviews the principle of DWI and its progress in the detection and therapy evaluation of PCa bone metastasis. Methods: PubMed was searched to identify eligible articles up to December 26, 2020. The keywords of the analysis included DWI, PCa, bone metastasis, therapeutic response, targeted therapy, Bone Scintigraphy (BS), Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography (PET/CT) and metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC). Results: This review based on collected articles achieved an imaging biomarker for detection and therapy evaluation of PCa bone metastasis. Conclusion : DWI is a promising imaging method for the detection and therapeutic evaluation of PCa bone metastases.

We conducted a crossover study employing air cleaner intervention among 125 schoolchildren aged 9-12 years in a boarding school in Beijing, China. The PM concentrations were monitored, and 27 biomarkers were analyzed. We used the linear mixed-effects model to evaluate the association of intervention/time-weighted PM concentrations with biomarkers. The outcomes showed that air cleaner intervention was associated with FeNO, exhaled breath condensate (EBC) IL-1β, and IL-6, which decreased by 12.57%, 10.83%, and 4.33%, respectively. Similar results were observed in the associations with PMs. Lag 1 day PMs had the strongest relationship with biomarkers, and significant changes were observed in biomarkers such as FEV1, FeNO, EBC 8-iso, and MCP-1. Boys showed higher percentage changes than girls, and the related biomarkers were FeNO, EBC 4-HNE, IL-1β, IL-6, and MCP-1. The results showed that biomarkers such as FeNO, EBC IL-6, MCP-1, and 4-HNE could sensitively reflect the early abnormal response of the respiratory system under short-term PM exposure among healthy schoolchildren and indicated that (1) air cleaners exert a protective effect on children's respiratory system. (2) PM had lag and cumulative effect, lag 1 day had the greatest effect. (3) The boys were more sensitive than the girls.

This article presents a solution for fatigue recognition through a new deep learning model that has a characteristic input of the power spectrum of an electroencephalogram (EEG) signal. First, four rhythms are obtained through the designed FIR filters, and the curve areas of their power spectrum density are coupled into four fatigue indicators. Second, a deep sparse contractive autoencoder network is proposed to learn more local fatigue characteristics, and the recognition results of pilots mental fatigue status are given. Compared with the state-of-the-art models, the results show that our model has good learning performance in extracting local features and fatigue status detection.

The genetic variants of orosomucoid-like protein 3 (ORMDL3) gene are associated with highly significant increases in the number of human rhinovirus (HRV)-induced wheezing episodes in children. Recent investigations have been focused on the mechanisms of ORMDL3 in rhinovirus infection for asthma and asthma exacerbations. ORMDL3 not only regulates major human rhinovirus receptor intercellular adhesion molecule 1 expression, but also plays pivotal roles in viral infection through metabolisms of ceramide and sphingosine-1-phosphate, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, ER-Golgi interface and glycolysis. Research on the roles of ORMDL3 in HRV infection will lead us to identify new biomarkers and novel therapeutic targets in childhood asthma and viral induced asthma exacerbations.

Immunotherapy involving immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for enhancing immune system activation is promising for tumor management. However, the patients’ responses to ICIs are different. Here, we applied a non-negative matrix factorization algorithm to establish a robust immune molecular classification system for colorectal cancer (CRC). We obtained data of 1503 CRC patients (training cohort: 488 from The Cancer Genome Atlas; validation cohort: 1015 from the Gene Expression Omnibus). In the training cohort, 42.8% of patients who exhibited significantly higher immunocyte infiltration and enrichment of immune response-associated signatures were subdivided into immune classes. Within the immune class, 53.1% of patients were associated with a worse overall prognosis and belonged to the immune-suppressed subclass, characterized by the activation of stroma-related signatures, genes, immune-suppressive cells, and signaling. The remaining immune class patients belonged to the immune-activated subclass, which was associated with a better prognosis and response to anti-PD-1 therapy. Immune-related subtypes were associated with different copy number alterations, tumor-infiltrating lymphocyte enrichment, PD-1/PD-L1 expression, mutation landscape, and cancer stemness. These results were validated in patients with microsatellite instable CRC. We described a novel immune-related class of CRC, which may be used for selecting candidate patients with CRC for immunotherapy and tailoring optimal immunotherapeutic treatment.

The conventional calibration methods based on a perspective camera model are not suitable for the underground camera with two-layer glasses, which is specially designed for explosion proof and dust removal in a coal mine. Underground camera modeling and calibration algorithms are urgently needed to improve the precision and reliability of underground visual measurement systems. This article presents a novel geometrically driven underground camera calibration algorithm for a boom-type roadheader. The underground camera model is established under coplanarity constraints, considering explicitly the impact of refraction triggered by the two-layer glasses and deriving the geometrical relationship of equivalent collinearity equations. On this basis, we perform parameters calibration based on a geometrically driven calibration model, which are 2D–2D correspondences between the image points and object coordinates of the planar target. A hybrid Levenberg–Marqurdt (LM) and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is further proposed in terms of the dynamic combination of the LM and PSO, which optimizes the underground camera calibration results by minimizing the error of the nonlinear underground camera model. The experimental results demonstrate that the pose errors caused by the two-layer glass refraction are well corrected by the proposed method. The accuracy of the cutting-head pose estimation has increased by 55.73%, meeting the requirements of underground excavations.

Shanqing Huang,1,&ast; Lu Li,1,2,&ast; Zhanzhang Wang,1,2 Tao Xiao,1 Xiaolin Li,1 Shujing Liu,1 Ming Zhang,1,2 Haoyang Lu,1,2 Yuguan Wen,1,2 Dewei Shang1,2 1Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510370, People’s Republic of China; 2Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center for Translational Medicine of Mental Disorders, Guangzhou, 510370, People’s Republic of China&ast;These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Dewei Shang; Yuguan WenDepartment of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Brain Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, 36 Mingxin Road, Guangzhou, 510370, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86-020-81268389Fax +86-020-81891391Email shang_dewei@163.com; wenyuguande@163.comPurpose: To explain the high inter-individual variability (IIV) and the frequency of exceeding the therapeutic reference range and the laboratory alert level of amisulpride, a population pharmacokinetic (PPK) model in Chinese patients with schizophrenia was built based on therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) data to guide individualized therapy.Patients and Methods: Plasma concentration data (330 measurements from 121 patients) were analyzed using a nonlinear mixed-effects modeling (NONMEM) approach with first-order conditional estimation with interaction (FOCE I). The concentrations of amisulpride were detected by HPLC-MS/MS. Age, weight, sex, combination medication history and renal function status were evaluated as main covariates. The model was internally validated using goodness-of-fit, bootstrap and normalized prediction distribution error (NPDE). Recommended dosage regimens for patients with key covariates were estimated on the basis of Monte Carlo simulations and the established model.Results: A one-compartment model with first-order absorption and elimination was found to adequately characterize amisulpride concentration in Chinese patients with schizophrenia. The population estimates of the apparent volume of distribution (V/F) and apparent clearance (CL/F) were 12.7 L and 1.12 L/h, respectively. Age significantly affected the clearance of amisulpride and the final model was as follows: CL/F=1.04×(AGE/32)− 0.624 (L/h). To avoid exceeding the laboratory alert level (640 ng/mL), the model-based simulation results showed that the recommended dose of amisulpride was no more than 600 mg/d for patients aged 60 years, 800 mg/d for those aged 40 years and 1200 mg/d for those aged 20 years, respectively.Conclusion: Dosage optimization of amisulpride can be carried out according to age to reduce the risk of adverse reactions. The model can be used as a suitable tool for designing individualized therapy for Chinese patients with schizophrenia.Keywords: amisulpride, population pharmacokinetics, therapeutic drug monitoring, modeling and simulation, individualized therapy

To study the internal mechanism of the metal-electric explosion process, it is necessary to obtain internal information regarding the flow field by performing transmission imaging of the electric explosion plasma. In this study, a laser plasma X-ray source is used as the transient X-ray source. Flyer dynamic X-ray imaging technology of laser plasma X-ray sources is realized by designing and developing flyer-driving devices, laser plasma X-ray devices, and timing synchronization modules. This technology has the advantages of producing images having high-brightness and high temporal and spatial resolutions, and it can adapt to the transmission imaging of high-speed micro flyers and their accompanying plasma. The experimental results show that a clear image of a high-speed flyer and the internal state information of the plasma can be obtained by using this technology. The spatial resolution is 8 μm/pixel, and the temporal resolution is 1 ns. This study presents an experimental method for further studies on the evolution process of plasma and flyers.

Infectious diseases, including COVID-19, are crucial public health issues and may lead to considerable fear among the general public and stigmatization of, and discrimination against, specific populations. This meta-analysis aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of stigma in infectious disease epidemics. We systematically searched PubMed, PsycINFO, Embase, MEDLINE, Web of Science, and Cochrane databases since inception to June 08, 2021, and reported the prevalence of stigma towards people with infectious diseases including SARS, H1N1, MERS, Zika, Ebola, and COVID-19. A total of 50 eligible articles were included that contributed 51 estimates of prevalence in 92722 participants. The overall pooled prevalence of stigma across all populations was 34% [95% CI: 28-40%], including enacted stigma (36% [95% CI: 28-44%]) and perceived stigma (31% [95% CI: 22-40%]). The prevalence of stigma in patients, community population, and health care workers, was 38% [95% CI: 12- 65%], 36% [95% CI: 28-45%], and 30% [95% CI: 20-40%], respectively. The prevalence of stigma in participants from low- and middle-income countries was 37% [95% CI: 29-45%], which is higher than that from high-income countries (27% [95% CI: 18-36%]) though this difference was not statistically significant. A similar trend of prevalence of stigma was also observed in individuals with lower education (47% [95% CI: 23-71%]) compared to higher education level (33% [95% CI: 23-4%]). These findings indicate that stigma is a significant public health concern, and effective and comprehensive interventions are needed to counteract the damaging effects of the infodemics during infectious disease epidemics, including COVID-19, and reduce infectious disease-related stigma.

The discovery of narrow-band luminescent materials remains an immense challenge to optimize the performance of white light-emitting diodes (LEDs). So far, the zero-dimensional (0D) Mn2+-based halid...

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are chronic and recurrent diseases that often occur in young people and place a heavy burden on public health in both developed and developing countries. Melatonin has been confirmed to be useful in various diseases, including Alzheimer’s disease, liver injuries and diseases, and cancers, while its role in IBDs remains unclear. To uncover the function of melatonin in IBDs, three intestinal models, including Caco-2 cells, 3D intestinal organoids and intestinal explants, were used. It was found that different concentrations of melatonin could significantly inhibit the expression levels of NFκB and its downstream cytokines, including IL6 and IL8 in Caco-2 cells (*P

Background. A lack of knowledge and inadequate practices of health care providers (HCPs) are the main obstacles to effective cancer pain management (CPM). The main objective of the study was to evaluate the CPM knowledge, CPM practice, and attitudes towards pharmacists’ participation and advanced methods in CPM of physicians, nurses, and pharmacists in China. Methods. An open online survey was adopted using social media software (WeChat) as the platform to conduct a nationwide survey of HCPs involved in CPM in public medical institutions at all levels in China from March to June 2019. Results. A total of 1279 physicians, 2267 nurses, and 1466 pharmacists participated in the survey. Among the three types of professionals, nurses had the highest level of practical ability (61.63 ± 28.99) and best attitudes towards pharmacists’ participation and advanced methods in CPM (72.05 ± 33.71) and physicians had the best mastery of CPM-related knowledge (69.60 ± 28.45), while pharmacists performed the worst in these three aspects (50.04 ± 26.69, 61.49 ± 28.95, and 62.07 ± 36.46, respectively). Only 19.69% of the hospitals had a pharmacist to tumor patient ratio ≥1 : 50. Hierarchical analysis showed that passing a good pain management (GPM) ward program and participating in advanced training had positive impacts on the scores of all three parts in the three professions (ptrend

Background: Parkinson's Disease (PD) is the second-most common neurodegenerative disease affecting the elderly population. The eye has been referred to as a window to the brain due to its inseparable relationship with the central nervous system. The development of Swept-Source Optical Coherence Tomography (SS-OCT) and Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography (OCTA) technologies has offered us a better imaging modality to study the impact of PD on the retina.Method: Seventy-five eyes of 42 early-stage PD patients and 150 eyes of 75 matched healthy controls were enrolled in the current study. We performed SS-OCT and SS-OCTA to assess retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL), ganglion cell layer (GCL) + inner plexiform layer (IPL), internal nuclear layer (INL) thickness, and retinal flow density and flow ratio.Results: Our study indicates decreasing superficial and deep flow density in most regions of the retina. Superficial and deep flow parameters were also associated with RNFL, GCL+IPL, and INL thickness. ROC analysis reveals superficial flow density demonstrated an Area Under Curve (AUC) of 0.688, which is greater than deep flow density and retinal thickness measurements.Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge, we are the first study using SS-OCT and SS-OCTA to study superficial and deep retinal flow changes in early-stage PD patients. Our study suggests decreasing retinal flow density provides greater diagnostic power than retinal thickness measurements in the early stage of PD. SS-OCTA parameters could potentially serve as imaging biomarkers in PD diagnosis and staging.