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Three new C-methylated phenylpropanoid glycosides (1, 2), a new 8-4′-oxyneolignan (3), together with two known analogs (4, 5), were isolated from the rhizomes of Imperata cylindrical Beauv. var. major (Nees) C. E. Hubb. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods. Compounds 1, 2, and 5 (10 μM) exhibited pronounced hepatoprotective activity against N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (APAP)-induced HepG2 cell damage in vitro assays. Furthermore, their antioxidant activities against Fe2+-cysteine-induced rat liver microsomal lipid peroxidation and the effects on the secretion of TNF-α in murine peritoneal macrophages (RAW264.7) induced by lipopolysaccharides were evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two new carbazole alkaloids, claulansine S (1) and claulansine T (2), and one new amide alkaloid, clauamide A (3), together with four known analogues (4–7) were isolated from the stems ofClausena lansium. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including UV, IR, and NMR experiments (HSQC, HMBC, and NOE experiments). Compounds4and6showed moderate hepatoprotective activities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Four new norsesquiterpenes wilfordonols A–D (1–4), along with three known compounds, sarmentol B (5), boscialin (6), and (+)-loliolide (7), were isolated from the leaves ofTripterygium wilfordiiHook.f.. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated on the basis of their spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute configuration of the compounds was confirmed by CD and modified Mosher's method. At a concentration of 10 μM, compounds4,6, and7inhibited signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 translocation by 34.27 ± 1.02%, 48.93 ± 1.76%, and 70.31 ± 2.20%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three new monoterpenes, hydrangines A–C (1–3), together with four known compounds, were isolated from the ethanol extract of the leaves ofHydrangea paniculata.The structures of new isolates were elucidated on the basis of extensive 1D and 2D NMR analyses, and their absolute configurations were determined by comparison of experimental and calculated electronic circular dichroism spectra. Inin vitrobioassays at 10 μM, compounds1–6showed hepatoprotective activities againstdl-galactosamine-induced toxicity in HL-7702 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Allium cepa L. is one of the most widely cultivated and used plants. In addition to its bulb (onion), which is used as food in many cultures, the seeds of A. cepa L. are used as a traditional herbal medicine by the Uygur nationality in China to treat diarrhea and promote blood flow. In a bioactivity-screening, the ethanol extract of seeds of A. cepa L. showed inhibitory effects on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) enzyme, with 81.1% inhibition. Phytochemical investigation of the ethanol extract of red onion ( Allium cepa L.) seeds led to the isolation of eight new furostanol saponins, named ceparosides E–L ( 1 – 8 ). Their structures were established using 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and chemical methods. Compounds 1 – 8 were screened for inhibitory effects on the PTP1B enzyme and cytotoxic activity against five human cells, including HCT-8, Bel-7402, BGC-823, A549 and A2780, but all were found to be inactive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the anti-neuroinflammatory mechanisms of polygalasaponin F (PS-F), ELISA method was used to detect the secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Western blot was used to detect the protein expression and phosphorylation levels. Immunofluorescence assay was used to observe the NF-κB nuclear translocation. PS-F could inhibit the release of inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and NO induced by lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and reduce the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS). As for MAPK-signaling pathway, PS-F could only inhibit the phosphorylation levels of p38 MAPK, but did not significantly affect the phosphorylation levels of JNK and ERK1/2 protein kinases. PS-F could inhibit NF-κB nuclear translocation in a dose-dependent manner. The results of Western blot assay were consistent with immunofluorescence assays. Meanwhile, p38-specific inhibitor SB203580 (20 μM) and p65-specific inhibitor PDTC (100 μM) were, respectively, administered as a positive control. In addition, PS-F could significantly inhibit the cytotoxicity of conditioned medium prepared by LPS-stimulated BV-2 microglia (LPS conditioned media) to neuronal PC12 cells and improve cell viability. PS-F inhibits the secretions of neuroinflammatory cytokines by the regulation of NF-κB-signaling pathway. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: Three new coumarin glucosides (1, 3, 4), and a new secoiridoid glucoside (2), together with one known secoiridoid glucoside (5), were isolated from the stems of Hydrangea paniculata. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods, including extensive NMR, MS and CD spectra. At 10μM, compounds 1–5 showed hepatoprotective activities against DL-galactosamine-induced toxicity in HL-7702 cells. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Tripterygium wilfordii, a member of Celastraceae family, has been used as a traditional plant insecticide and a medicinal plant. Phytochemical investigation of the leaves of T. wilfordii has resulted in the isolation of eight sesquiterpene polyol esters triptersinines M–T (1–8) and one sesquiterpene pyridine alkaloid (9). The structures of the compounds were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic data analyses, including UV, IR, MS, and NMR experiments. The inhibitory effects on nitric oxide production in LPS-induced macrophages of 1–9 were also evaluated. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Three novel xanthonolignoid C-glycosides, glomexanthones A–C, with a trans-dihydrobenzofuran on B ring and a 2-hydroxymethyl-5-hydroxyl-2-pentenoic acid moiety in the sugar chain were isolated from an ethanol extract of Polygala glomerata. Their structures and absolute configurations were characterized by extensive NMR, MS, and CD spectroscopic studies. Screening results indicated that compounds 1–3 showed moderate neuroprotective effects on l-Glutamic acid-induced cellular damage in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

To investigate the protective effect and the underlying mechanism of polygalasaponin F (PS-F) against rotenone-induced PC12 cells, the cell viability was evaluated using 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide assay. The cell apoptosis rate was analyzed using flow cytometry. The reactive oxygen species was examined using 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescin diacetate, and the adenosine triphosphate depletion was examined using a luciferase-coupled quantification assay. JC-1 staining was used to detect the mitochondrial membrane potential. Western blotting analysis was used to determine cytochrome c, p53, Bax, Bcl-2, and caspase-3. Treatment of PC12 cells with rotenone (1–10 μmol/l) significantly reduced the cell viability in a concentration-dependent manner. Treatment with PS-F (0.1, 1, and 10 μmol/l) increased the viability of rotenone-induced PC12 cells, decreased rotenone-induced apoptosis, restored rotenone-induced mitochondrial dysfunction, and suppressed rotenone-induced protein expression. PS-F showed a dose-dependent manner in all the treatments. PS-F protects PC12 cells against rotenone-induced apoptosis via ameliorating the mitochondrial dysfunction. Thus, PS-F may be a potential bioactive compound for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Abstract: Four new sesquiterpenes (1–4), together with four known compounds (5–8), were isolated from the stems of Pogostemon cablin (Blanco.) Benth. Their chemical structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, IR, and UV. Hepatoprotective activities of these compounds were investigated, by studying the protective effect on HL-7702 cellular injury induced by dl-galactosamine. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: Four new neolignans, wilfordiols A–D (1–4), together with five known compounds (5–9), were isolated from an aqueous extract of the dried leaves of Tripterygium wilfordii. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic methods, including 1D and 2D NMR, HRESIMS, and CD experiments. The anti-inflammation activities of compounds 1–9 were evaluated by the inhibitory effect on NO production, in vitro. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Seven new carbazole alkaloids, clauemarazoles A–G, together with 19 known analogues were isolated from the stems of Clausena emarginata . Their structures were established on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, and the absolute configurations of compounds 1a , 1b , 5a , and 5b were confirmed by their ECD spectroscopy. Compounds 4 , 13 , 15 , and 17 exhibited inhibitory abilities on LPS-induced NO production. Compounds 10 – 12 , 20 , 22 , and 24 displayed hepatoprotective effects against dl -galactosamine-induced damage in WB-F344 cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seven new carbazole alkaloids, claulansines L-R ( 1 – 7 ), and six known analogues ( 8 – 13 ) were isolated from the stems of Clausena lansium . Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analyses, including UV, IR, and NMR experiments (HSQC, HMBC, and NOE experiment). Compound 7 showed moderate anti-inflammatory activities. Compounds 3 , 5 , 6 , 8 , and 12 exhibited moderate hepatoprotective activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]