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The increase in the human population has an impact on the expansion of the agricultural and plantation sectors. This causes a decrease in the amount of forest area which results in conflicts between humans and elephants. The purpose of the study was to determine the people's perception of the Sumatran elephant conflict and to determine the existence of male Sumatran elephants. The research was conducted in August 2022 at CRU Sampoiniet, Ie Jeureungeh village, Aceh Jaya district, Aceh province. The research method is descriptive qualitative and focal animal sampling. Data was collected by means of interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of the study revealed that the conflict between wild elephants had decreased since the existence of the CRU Sampoiniet who helped overcome the wild elephant conflict in the village area of ​​Ie Jeureungeh, however, currently there are still some minor disturbances and have an impact on the surrounding community. Some people want the environment around their plantations to be bordered by elephants through electric fences. Based on the results of observations, there are two types of feed provided by the manager and consumed by the tame elephants, namely sensitive plant (Mimosa pudica), cogon grass (Imperata cylindrica).

Tuberkulosis paru (TB paru) adalah penyakit infeksi, yang terutama menyerang penyakit parenkim paru yang disebabkan oleh Mycobakterium tuberkulosis. Prinsip dari Obat Anti Tuberkulosis (OAT) adalah komponen terpenting dalam pengobatan TB. Pengobatan TB merupakan salah satu upaya paling efisien untuk mencegah penyebaran lebih lanjut kuman TB. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk Mengetahui rasionalitas penggunaan antituberkulosis pada pasien TB Paru berdasarkan Kemenkes (2011) meliputi tepat diagnosis, tepat indikasi penyakit,tepat pemilihan obat, tepat dosis, tepat cara pemberian, tepat interval waktu pemberian, tepat lama pemberian, waspada efek samping, dan tepat pasien di Puskesmas Sriwijaya Kabupaten Lampung Tengah. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian non eksperimental dengan pengumpulan data secara retrospektif.Hasil penelitian didapatkan 100% tepat diagnosis, 100% tepat indikasi penyakit, 100% tepat pemilihan obat, 100% tepat dosis, 100% tepat cara pemberian,100% tepat interval waktu pemberian,100% tepat lama pemberian, 100% waspada efek samping, dan 100% tepat pasien.

Antioksidan merupakan senyawa yang mampu menunda, memperlambat, atau menghambat reaksi oksidasi. Antioksidan alami yaitu jenis antioksidan yang berasal dari tumbuhan dan hewan. Salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai antioksidan alami adalah daun bidara (Ziziphus spina-christi L.). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui aktivitas antioksidan dari ekstrak perkolasi dan ekstrak infusa daun bidara (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Hasil yang diperoleh di uji aktivitas antioksidannya dengan metode DPPH. Hasil rendemen yang didapat dari ekstraksi perkolasi yaitu 4,59% sedangkan hasil rendemen dari teknik Infusa yaitu 11,19%. Analisis fitokimia pada daun bidara (Ziziphus spina-christi L.) dengan teknik perkolasi maupun infusa memiliki kandungan senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin dan tanin. Hasil uji aktivitas antioksidan didapatkan IC50 pada perkolasi sebesar 134,58 ppm dan infusa sebesar 110,15 ppm sehingga dapat digolongkan sebagai antioksidan dengan kategori sedang. Hasil statistik aktivitas antioksidan menunjukkan adanya perbedaan yang bermakna (P < 0,05) antara teknik ekstraksi perkolasi dengan infusa.

Jerawat merupakan peradangan menahun pada lapisan folikel pilosebaceous kulit yang disertai penyumbatan dan penimbunan bahan keratin. Jerawat disebabkan oleh bakteri Staphylococcus aureus. Bunga telang memiliki khasiat sebagai antijerawat. Zat aktif pada bunga telang dapat diperoleh dengan ekstraksi menggunakan metode perkolasi dengan pelarut 96%. Metode perkolasi lebih efektif karena tidak menggunakan pemanasan sehingga senyawa kimia yang bersifat termolabil yang akan diambil tidak terurai atau rusak. Pada uji fitokimia menunjukan bahwa didalam ekstrak bunga telang positif mengandung alkaloid, flavonoid, tanin, saponin, dan fenolik. Ekstrak bunga telang yang diperoleh dibuat dalam sediaan masker gel peel-off dengan konsentrasi 1%, 3%, 5%. Evaluasi masker gel peel-off meliputi uji organoleptis, uji homogenitas, uji pH, uji daya sebar, uji waktu mengering, uji viskositas, dan uji iritasi kulit. Uji daya hambat ekstrak bunga telang menggunakan metode difusi sumuran. Aktivitas zona hambat yang terbentuk pada konsentrasi 1% sebesar 8,95 mm, konsentrasi 3% sebesar 11,77 mm, konsentrasi 5% sebesar 13,57 mm termasuk dalam kategori sedang dan kuat. Hasil uji antibakteri dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukan adanya perbedaan zona hambat yang signifikan yaitu nilai (P=0,05) antara seluruh konsentrasi masker gel peel-off ekstrak bunga telang. Semakin tinggi konsentrasi masker gel peel-off maka semakin luas diameter zona hambat. Masker gel peel-off bunga telang efektif dalam menghambat bakteri Staphylococcus aureus.

Background : The prevalence of hyperlipidemia in Indonesia is increasing from year to year, in 2008 it was recorded at 35.1%. Then in 2013 it increased to 35.9%(WHO, 2013). Increased hyperlipidemia triggers Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD)(Ghanaei et al., 2019). NAFLD conditions cause liver cell damage, causing increased levels of liver enzymes such as SGOT and SGPT (Prahastuti et al., 2020). According to Pradana et al. (2017) it is said that red spinach leaf extract has antioxidant activity that is able to inhibit the incision of the oxidation chain reaction because it contains flavonoid compounds, quercetin, tannins, and saponins which have the potential as a preventive therapy for fatty liver. Objective: To determine the effect of red spinach (Amaranthus tricolor L.) leaf extract on SGOT and SGPT levels in white rats (Rattus norvegicus) fed a high-fat diet. Research Methods: The research method uses a literature study. The database in the literature study was obtained from Google Scholar, PubMed and NCBI which was taken by Population, Intervention, Comparation, Output, Study, and Time (PICOST) from 5,166 journals and finally 8 journals were obtained. Results: Literature from 8 journals is known to have 8 that discuss red spinach leaf extract. Conclusion: From the literature obtained, there was an effect of giving red spinach leaf extract (Amaranthus tricolor L.) on the levels of SGOT and SGPT given a high-fat diet. The dose is 200mg/kgBB and 400mg/kgBB with a duration of administration of 7 to 29 days. Keyword : High fat diet, Red Spinach Extract, Hyperlipidemia, NAFLD, SGOT, SGPT, White Rat

The goals of this study was to investigate the impact of Edmodo to enhance students’ motivation in learning writing. The participants of the research consist of 36 students studying in university in the 2018-2019 academic years. In the research designed in the descriptive qualitative design, the class observation was carried out in the writing lesson, and it was observed that the writing class using Edmodo increased the students’ performance and achievement to the lesson. The findings of this study found that students actively participated in writing class. Their high curiosity was proved by the participation of their writing week by week. This research also indicated that most students were willing to use Edmodo and felt that this online platform was proper to post their writing and freely receive feedback privately without being exposed to their friends. Keywords: Edmodo, Learning Tool, Students’ Motivation, Tertiary Education, Online Platform

Diabetes merupakan gejala yang timbul pada seseorang yang mengalami peningkatan kadar gula darah akibat kekurangan hormon insulin secara absolut atau relative dan berlangsung menahun, bahkan seumur hidup. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui rasionalitas penggunaan antidiabetes pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe II komplikasi hipertensi di Rumah Sakit Pertamina Bintang Amin yang ditinjau dari segi tepat dosis, tepat obat, tepat cara pemberian, tepat indikasi, tepat pasien, tepat diagnosis, tepat interval waktu pemberian dan waspada efek samping. Penelitian ini merupakan jenis penelitian non-eksperimental, karena tidak memberikan perlakuan apapun pada subyek penelitiannya dan menggunakan data retrospektif yaitu lembar rekam medis pasien diabetes melitus tahun 2020. Data yang diperoleh sebanyak 30 rekam medis yang kemudian dibandingkan dengan literatur PERKENI (Perkumpulan Endokronologi Indonesia) pedoman penggelolaan dan pencegahan diabetes tipe II dewasa 2019. Rasionalitas penggunaan obat antidiabetes pada pasien diabetes melitus tipe II komplikasi hipertensi di Rumah Sakit Pertamina Bintang Amin tahun 2020 yang memenuhi kategori kerasionalan tepat indikasi, tepat dosis, tepat diagnosis, tepat indikasi, tepat pasien, tepat cara pemberian, tepat interval sebesar 100%. Golongan obat antidiabetes yang sering digunakan yaitu glimepiride sebanyak 4 kasus (12,12%), gliquidon sebanyak 9 kasus (27,27%), metformin sebanyak 19 kasus (57,57%), dan pioglitazone sebanyak 1 kasus (3,03%).

The problem of maternal mortality and morbidity in Indonesia is still become a big problem. In fact, the maternal mortality rate in Indonesia is still the highest in Asean. The factors above are the direct causes of maternal mortality. The causes of this death can be minimized by antenatal care which monitors the condition of the mother's pregnancy regularly to predict the risks that may arise so that preventive measures can be taken. The design used correlational research with a cross-sectional approach. The population in this research was all pregnant women aged 20-35 years who did antenatal care at Polindes Jatinom Kecamatan Kanigoro Kabupaten Blitar as many as 12 pregnant women. The sampling technique used accidental sampling. The sample was some of the pregnant women aged 20-35 years who did antenatal care at the time of the research as many as 12 pregnant women. Results: The result showed 67% was in the category of very satisfied and 75% of pregnant women had high motivation towards antenatal care. There was a correlation between the satisfaction of pregnant women on antenatal care services by midwife and motivation to do antenatal care proven by the results of the Spearman Rank statistical test which showed the value of sig = 0,000. Midwives are expected to maintain and keep the quality of service, especially in providing antenatal care to pregnant women so that the needs of mothers during antenatal care are always satisfied.

Tanaman yang memiliki daya antibakteri salah satunya adalah bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea L.). Sediaan farmasi yang telah banyak digunakan sebagai antibakteri untuk menjaga kesehatan dan kebersihan tangan yang praktis dan mudah dibawa salah satunya yaitu gel hand sanitizer. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui daya hambat ekstrak bunga telang dan keefektivitasan sediaan gel hand sanitizer dalam menghambat pertumbuhan bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Ekstraksi bunga telang menggunakan metode perkolasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Pengujian daya hambat bakteri pada ekstrak bunga telang menggunakan metode disk dan pada sediaan gel hand sanitizer menggunakan metode sumuran. Konsentrasi ekstrak bunga telang yang digunakan yaitu 1%, 5%, 10%, 20%, dan 40%. Uji daya hambat pada konsentrasi 1% tidak terbentuk zona hambat terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus dan Escherichia coli. Pada sediaan gel hand sanitizer konsentrasi yang digunakan adalah 10% dengan rata-rata zona hambat 9,5500 mm efektivitas sebesar 88,55% terhadap bakteri Staphylococcus aureus serta 8,6250 mm efektivitas sebesar 85,65% terhadap bakteri Escherichia coli.

Bunga telang (Clitoria ternatea L.) mengandung senyawa metabolit sekunder seperti flavonoid, tanin, alkaloid dan saponin sebagai antibakteri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk memformulasikan dan menguji aktivitas antibakteri terhadap S. aureus dalam bentuk sediaan sabun cair antiseptik etanol bunga telang. Metabolit sekunder bunga telang diperoleh melalui ekstraksi menggunakan metode perkolasi dengan pelarut 96%. Ekstrak etanol bunga telang yang diperoleh dibuat dalam sediaan sabun cair antiseptik dengan konsentrasi 5%, 10%, dan 15%. Evaluasi sediaan sabun cair antiseptik meliputi uji organoleptik, uji pH, uji tinggi busa, uji bobot jenis, uji kadar air, dan uji kadar alkali bebas. Uji daya hambat dengan metode sumuran menggunakan media MHA. Zona hambat yang terbentuk pada konsentrasi 5%, 10%, dan 15% berturut-turut sebesar 9,04 mm, 12,23 mm, dan 14,36 mm. Hasil uji antibakteri dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan adanya zona hambat yang signifikan yaitu nilai (p

Perineal wound pain is very likely to cause problems for the postpartum mothers. In the process of childbirth often occurs perineal wound, for some cases, it will heal permanently, but if the wound is wide enough can be sutured to the perineum. Perineal repair not only giving some benefits, but also can cause pain. One way to deal is by applying non-pharmacological pain management, the way is by giving cold compresses in the form of ice bags, it will result smaller risk. The purpose of this study was to provide cold compress therapy in scars to reduce pain. Methods: Posttest only control group design. The population in this study was 30 postpartum mothers in Kanigoro Health Centers by using purposive sampling. The sample was 16 respondents. The independent variable was cold compress, while the dependent variable was pain in the perineal wound. The instrument used Standart Operating Prosedure. Results: Fisher Exact Probability Test shows p = 0.003 (a = 0.05). It could be concluded that giving cold compress could reduce the problem in perineal wound for postpartum mothers in the Kanigoro Health Center area. Along with this study, respondents are expected to actively ask questions, learn about problems during and after giving birth, especially not only learn about the technique of giving cold compresses to the perineum, but also about the provided comments.

Objective The purpose of increasing knowledge, maternal attitudes about cervical cancer and the inspection of Visual Acetate. Methods This is Quasi Experimental research method with non-randomized prepost-test group design. Subjects were conducted in the Papuan smear examination. Selection of samples used was purposive sampling technique with 25 respondents for each audio-visual and leaflet group. Health education uses audio-visual media and leaflets. Data was processed using Wilcoxon, and Mann–Whitney test. Results Health education using audio visuals and leaflet information were able to provide knowledge levels, attitudes, and visual acetic acid inspection measures (p = 0.00 and 0.00) both before and after treatment. There are differences in KAA between audio-visual and leaflet group for KAA p Conclusion Study proves use of effective audio-visual media for health education activities in increasing knowledge, maternal attitudes about cervical cancer and visual acetic acid) inspection measures.

The hospital institution is one of the most important public institutions that play an important and vital role in achieving development and social balance. The aim: of this study is to determine the effect of leadership on job satisfaction, on the Commitment of nurses and on empowerment, and determine the effect of empowerment on job satisfaction and determine the effect of commitment on job satisfaction in hospital PKU Muhammadiyah Gamping. This study is a qualitative research survey study, a sample of 57 nurses working in the hospital was obtained. A questionnaire tool was used to collect the information with nurses is presented using a Likert scale size guide. This study uses SPSS validation test and conducting path analysis. The findings of this study have shown that factors that can affect nurses’ job satisfaction are leadership and empowerment, commitment. The findings suggest that nursing leaders in hospital acute settings can enhance the nursing work environment by practicing appropriate leadership styles and empowering strategies, including greater participation of nursing staff in the decision making process. Ultimately, more effective nursing management should result in improved nursing staff retention, job satisfaction, and work commitment.

Jerawat atau acne vulgaris adalah kelainan pada kulit yang biasa terjadi pada usia remaja maupun dewasa. Jerawat disebabkan oleh bakteri Propionibacterium acnes. Biji pepaya memiliki khasiat sebagai anti jerawat. Zat aktif pada biji pepaya dapat diperoleh dengan ekstraksi menggunakan metode maserasi dengan pelarut etanol 96%. Pada uji fitokimia menunjukkan bahwa didalam ekstrak biji pepaya positif mengandung senyawa alkaloid, flavonoid, saponin dan tanin. Ekstrak biji pepaya yang diperoleh dibuat dalam sediaan krim dengan konsentrasi 5%, 7,5% dan 10%. Evaluasi krim meliputi uji organoleptis, uji daya sebar, uji pH, uji homogenitas, uji iritasi kulit, dan uji kesukaan. Hasil uji evaluasi sesuai kriteria sediaan krim yang baik dan uji kesukaan paling banyak diperoleh sediaan yang paling baik yaitu 5%. Uji daya hambat krim ekstrak biji pepaya menggunakan metode difusi sumuran. Aktivitas zona hambat krim ekstrak etanol yang terbentuk pada konsentrasi 5% yaitu sebesar 8,15 mm dengan efektivitas sebesar 53,9%. Hasil uji antibakteri dianalisis menggunakan ANOVA. Hasil analisis statistik menunjukkan adanya perbedaan zona hambat yang signifikan yaitu (P

Obesitas didefinisikan sebagai akumulasi lemak yang tidak normal atau berlebihan yang dapat mengganggu kesehatan. Obesitas terjadi karena adanya peningkatan kolesterol plasma, Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL), trigliserida dan penurunan kadar High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) atau kombinasi dari beberapa abnormalitas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemberian ekstrak daun bayam merah (Amaranthus tricolor L.) terhadap indeks Lee dan massa lemak abdominal tubuh tikus putih wistar yang diinduksi diet tinggi lemak. Metode dalam penelitian ini adalah melakukan telaah artikel sesuai dengan issue yang akan diteliti. Dilakukan sesuai dengan analisis PICOST yaitu population, intervention, comparison, output, studi dan times dari 328 jurnal terpilih 6 jurnal. Literature dari 6 jurnal terdapat 2 jurnal yang membahas tentang ekstrak daun bayam merah (Amaranthus tricolor L.) (34%), 6 jurnal membahas diet tinggi lemak (100%), 1 jurnal membahas indeks Lee (50%) dan 1 jurnal membahas massa lemak abdominal (50%). Pemberian ekstrak daun bayam merah (Amaranthus tricolor L.) berpengaruh terhadap indeks Lee dan massa lemak abdominal tikus putih yang diinduksi diet tinggi lemak.

Various research results reveal that early age is a golden period for the development of children in which 50% of the intelligence development occurs at the age of 0-4 years and 30% in the following 8 years. Early childhood education also needs to be considered since education plays an important role in the process of growth and development of the children. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of playing ball stimulation to the gross motor development in children aged 24-36 months.This study used a pre-experimental design with posttest only control group design. The population was 150 children in all Posyandu in the working areas of the PKM Kanigoro. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The independent variable was playing ball stimulation, while the dependent variable was gross motor development. The instrument used KPSP.The results of Wilcoxon Signed Rank statistical test showed p = 0.005 (α = 0.05), indicated that playing ball stimulation could improve gross motor skills development of children. It is expected that the parents of the respondents more active in asking questions, watching carefully on how to provide stimulation to the children, especially in stimulating ball games, so that it could help them in increasing their children gross motor skills. The results of this study can also be used as an input for health workers to further improvement of counseling during posyandu activities, so that the gross motor development of children continues to increase well.

Age of child is a very prone age to the transmission of the disease tubercolosis. The rate of transmission and danger of high transmission is in the age of 0-6 years and the age of 7-14 years. The age of children is very prone to contracting tubercolosis when infected they are easily affected by the disease tubercolosis. Consciousness, the participation of students is needed prevention efforts, eradication of Tubercolosis disease. There are still many early childhood children understanding of the disease Tubercolosis, the devotion of the knowledge of early childhood to better understand, applying that the importance of prevention of the disease tubercolosis. To the mother and father of teachers, to provide supervision and education to students in the school Keywords: Tuberculosis, disease, interception

This study uses a case study research method with a qualitative study design. The aims of the study were to find out the domains of Acehnese language shifts in Langsa and the reasons why Acehnese teenagers are shifting their language. Five districts in Langsa, one of the cities in Aceh, Indonesia, became the research location. They were Langsa Kota, Langsa Barat, Langsa Timur, Langsa Baroe and Langsa Lama. The respondents were Acehnese young adults within the age range of 18 to 21 years old. There were 10 respondents from each district, making a total of 50 respondents. The instruments used in this study were observations, a questionnaire, and interviews. Simple statistics were used to analyse the questionnaire, meanwhile the data analysis for the observations and interviews followed an interactive model from Miles and Huberman, namely: data reduction, data display, verification of data, and conclusions. The results showed that the domains of education (30 respondents) and of friendship (27 respondents had the largest number of shifters. Meanwhile, the family domain had the least shifts, so it was concluded that shifts rarely occurred in this domain. Finally, there are three fundamental factors that influenced the shift: environment, habitual usage, and choice of language.

Toilet learning in children is an attempt to train children to be able to control in defecating and urinating. The aim of this research was to determine the effectiveness of stimulation to the toilet learning ability of toddler. The research usedPre-Experimental One-Group Pre-test-post test design. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The statistical test used wilcoxon signed rank test. The population was 14 toddler of PosyanduBendowulungKabupatenBlitar. The result showed that there was an effect of stimulation to the ability of toilet learning of 1 to 3 years old toddler. The Statistical test result using Wilcoxon sign rank test obtained p value = 0,000 (

The high infant mortality rate due to improper umbilical cord care is increasing. Improper umbilical cord caring behavior is still found in postpartum primigravida, so it is necessary to increase postpartum knowledge of the importance of treating the umbilical cord in the right way to prevent infection. This study design is Quasy-eksperimental one group Pre-post-test-design. Population of this research is Primigravida Nifas Mother one day 2-7 days in BPM Nihayatur Rohmah. The sample in this research is 15 respondents by using total sampling.Data analysis using Wilcoxon test. Results of research on the ability of postpartum primigravida mother in caring for the correct umbilical cord before counseling 6,7% in the able category and after getting counseling there is a 93,3% increase that is 100% in the category capable. Based on the results of the study is expected to respondents more active again in increasing interest by increasing information about caring for the correct umbilical cord to prevent the occurrence of infection

The implementation of efficient hole blocking layers (BLs) is of vital importance to achieve high efficiency in solar cells using organolead trihalide materials as the solar light absorber. BLs permit electronic charge separation and avoid the recombination of charges by blocking the hole transfer to the anode. In this study, BLs have been prepared by aerosol spray pyrolysis and spin-coating using various solution compositions. The morphological, optical, microstructural and crystalline properties as well as the phase composition of these layers have been characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and optical measurements. Their blocking ability has been evaluated by cyclic voltammetry. A strong relationship has been found between these properties and the solar cell J–V characteristics and performances. Overall, we figured out that the sprayed BLs were thin, highly compact, covering, and conformal. No cracks or pinholes were found because the precursor underwent degradation and con...

Synthesis of silver-alginate nanocomposite colloidal as an antibacterial material has been done. The colloidal is prepared through a chemical reduction method assisted by microwave irradiation with alginat as a reducing agent and stabilizer. Silver nitrate is used as a precursor and NaOH as an accelerator. The formation of silver-nanoparticles was indicated using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer based on localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) phenomenon. The shape and size of silver nanoparticles were characterized using TEM. Effect of storage in ambient temperature of silver-alginate nanocomposites colloidal was carried out during 14 weeks. Investigation of antibacterial activity of silver-alginate nanocomposite was carried out using diffusion method. The results showed that, the concentration of NaOH, irradiation time, AgNO3 concentration affect to the absorption band of the LSPR which related with the number of nanoparticles produced. Based on the TEM images, the size of silver nanoparticles increased with increasing concentration of AgNO3. Silver-alginate nanocomposites was stable for 12 weeks based on the absorption band of the LSPR. The greater the concentration of silver nanoparticles in silver-alginate nanocomposites, tends to the higher their antibacterial properties.

Breastmilk has advantages and privilages as a source of nutrients compared to other nutrient sources. However, the breastfeeding process often fail. The main cause of the failure is a problem in the breast. One of them are blisters on the nipples. Nipple blisters dominantly caused by breast feeding preparationespecially on breast feeding techniques and breastcare. The purpose of this study was to determine how is the preparation of breastfeeding lowers the incidence of nipple blisters of postpartum mother in Sub-district Health Centers Gandusari Kec.Gandusari Kab. Blitar. Methods: with posttest only control group design. The population in this study was 50 postpartum mother in Health Centers. The sample was 16 respondents by using purposive sampling. The independent variable was the preparation of breastfeeding, the dependent variable was the sore nipple blisters. The instrument used SOP. Result: the statistical Fisher Exact Probability Test showed p=0,003 (a=0,05). It could be concluded that the preparation of brestfeeding could reduce the incidence of nipple blisters postpartum mother in Sub-district Health Centers Gandusari. By this research, it was expected the respondents to actively ask, observing carefully about breasfeeding preparation especially breaastfeeding techniques and treatments given. So, breastfeeding in infants couldbe succeed. As for the profession of midwifery results of this study could be used as the input in motivating postpartum mother, so that it could perform the appropriate techniques of breastfeeding and breastcareto avoid nipple blisters.

Jambi City is the capital of Jambi Province and the largest city in the province. However, the area of Green Open Space (GOS) in Jambi City was decreasing year by year. Continuous development in Jambi City must be balanced with the existence of adequate GOS. This study aims to identify the existence of public GOS in Jambi City and analyze the needs of public GOS in Jambi City based on population and oxygen needs. The study was conducted in March-October 2019 in Jambi City. The data collected consists of primary data obtained through field observations in public GOS and secondary data relating to population data, public GOS area, number of vehicles, and temperature changes. The data were analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis. The results showed that the public GOS in Jambi City in 2018 reached 167,18 ha. The need for public GOS in Jambi City based on the need for population growth in 2035 is 1.414,01 ha. The need for public GOS in Jambi City based on oxygen demand that in line with the population growth in 2035 is 4.169,91 ha.Keywords: green open space, Jambi City, needs analysis

A synthesis is presented in this research, microspheres carbon by mixing Pluronic F127 triblock copolymer, which was used as a main pore size direction, gelatine as a codirecting agent, Sucrose becomes the main ingredient of carbon precursor and H2SO4 be a catalyst. The mixture solution carried out at hydrothermal reactor followed by evaporation, partial carbonization, and pyrolysis under nitrogen flow. After being microspheres carbon have activated by KOH solution at room temperature for 24 h using a variation of the KOH concentration at 5, 10, 15 and 20 (%w/v), respectively. Activated Microspheres carbon have characterized by SEM and FTIR. In this study, it was found that carbon mass after activation is increased due to the deposition of potassium and a free water molecule. The morphology of microspheres carbon after activation process observed as soccer balls-like with pore size 0.5-15 µm with numerous of carbonyl and hydroxyl group. In this study, it was found that the greater the activator concentration, the greater the adsorption capacity, due to potassium deposition and water molecules. Maximum adsorb capacity is at 20% KOH concentration at 35 minutes. Microspheres for drug delivery systems are interesting to study.

This research aims to analyze TPACK items using the Rasch model in terms of validity, reliability, item difficulty and bias items. The method used is descriptive quantitative with 34 pre-service chemistry teachers in semester VI consisting of 26 female students and 8 students from Sebelas Maret University (UNS). The instrument used in this study was the matter of Teachnological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) which was adapted from the PPG Teachnological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK), which consisted of 30 multiple choice questions. The results showed that: 1) the validity of the suitability level of items was 27 questions that were fit and 3 questions that were not fit. 2) the results of raw variance data of 33.5% indicate that the requirements for Raw variance explained by measures of at least 20% can be met and the variance that cannot be explained by the instrument of 8.2% also meet the criteria ie, not to exceed 15%. 3) Reliability of pre-service chemistry teachers is 0.52 in the weak category, item reliability is 0.90 in the good category and reliability between pre-service chemistry teachers and items 0.64 in the sufficient category. 4) The level of difficulty of the questions is very difficult, difficult, easy, very easy and is dominated by questions that are categorized as difficult. 5) there are no questions that have a probability of less than 5% so there are no biased items. In conclusion, TPACK item analysis using the Rasch model is valid, reliable, item difficulty is very good and there are no biased items. So the questions that have been analyzed can be used to measure TPACK on pre-service chemistry teachers.

Betel leaves are plants that contain essential oils that consist of bethephenol, chavicol, cavibetol, estrogen, eugenol, and karvarool wherein biochemical substances in a betel leaf (Piperbetle Linn) has the power to kill bacteria and fungi, also an antioxidant which accelerate the wound healing process. Method: The study used True Experimental Design, Post Test Only Control Group Design. The population in this study was 18 puerperal women in the village Ringginanyar. The sampling technique used purposive sampling. The number of sample was 16 puerperal women in the village Ringginanyar. This research was conducted on 20 July 2015–02 August 2015. The statistical test used Mann Whitney U - Test . Result:The results showed that the perineal wound healing time women without treatment with betel leaf the majority (62.5%) experiencing perineal wound healing on day 8, while women do treatment using betel leaves the vast majority (62.5%) experiencing perineal wound healing on day 5. Based on the findings of Mann Whitney U test -Test seen that sig value (0.00 ) <  ( 0.05 ) it could be concluded that there were differences in perineal wound healing time between groups used betel leaf and groups that did not use betel leaves .

One important problem is preparing children to cope with disasters that live in disaster-prone areas in Indonesia. This research aims to describe the impact of culture-based parenting in disaster-prone environments. The research used qualitative ethnographic research methods. The location of research in Wintaos Hamlet, Girimulyo village, Kec. Panggang, Gunung Kidul. Data analysis of ethnographic qualitative research was collected when data was collected. The population in Research is several pairs of parents. The results showed that grandparents' culture-based parenting was carried out by parents in an earthquake-prone environment, has shaped the personality of children to be more independent, honest, socializing well, responsible, have good social interaction and there is the cultivation of religious values. When symptoms of natural disasters such as tectonic earthquake, children have learned ways to save themselves and others. The conclusion of this study is that the impact of culture-based parenting in a disaster-prone environment shapes the personality of children who are independent, responsible, high sensitivity in helping to save themselves, family and others.

The well-ordered mesoporous silicate (SBA-15) was synthesized via soft-templating route using block copolymer P-123 as directing agent and tetraethoxysilane as the silica source. The ordered mesoporous carbon (CMK-3) was synthesized via a hard casting route using SBA- 15 as nano-template and sucrose as carbon source. The character of mesoporous structure of the samples was investigated by scanning electron microscopy, FTIR and element analysis. The loading release performance using SBA-15 and CMK-3 was investigated by ibuprofen molecule as the drug model. The results illustrated a unique trend of impregnation phenomenon from both of SBA-15 and CMK-3 which was closely related to the mesoporous structure of the materials. When the mesoporous carbon SBA-15 and CMK-3 were loaded by ibuprofen molecule, the agglomeration of ibuprofen did not appear on the outer surface of carbon with the increase of ibuprofen concentration. Our results indicated that mesoporous structure could influence the phase transformation behavior of ibuprofen, which can effectively decrease the drug release time of drug in delivery system.

Most studies on community perceptions toward malaria have been undertaken in high-endemic countries, and studies from low-endemic countries have only recently been published. Similar information is also needed for hypoendemic countries such as Indonesia, to cope with the persistence of foci-endemic malaria in these regions. An applied qualitative method, Rapid Assessment Procedures, was employed during a 3-month intensive data collection period in Jepara district, Central Java province. Data were retrieved from 38 free-listings, 28 in-depth interviews, seven focus group discussions and unstructured observation. Qualitative thematic content analysis was applied. In this community, malaria (known as katisen or panas tis) was considered a common but minor illness. Insufficient understanding of malaria signs and symptoms in the subvillages likely leads to delay in illness recognition and treatment; not surprisingly self-treatment is common and the dosage most likely below the recommended dose. The health center was used but when it did not work, most people would shift back to traditional services due to cost considerations. Low understanding and acceptance of the causal link between the mosquito and malaria, likely leading to poor comprehension of preventive activities, as well as confusion of malaria with dengue fever, were identified. In conclusion, this study highlights a consistent gap between the common understanding and the biomedical description of malaria. If case management continues to be the main strategy in malaria control program, the emic perspective of the people must be well-integrated into the program. Likewise, interventions to improve home-treatment should also be developed.

The God creates human body with versatility, in which there is a correlation between the length of particular part of the body and height. Height is one of the four major biological profiles in forensic anthropology to identify a subject. The toe is apart of the body located on the lower limb where there is a toe bone (os phalanx) which is a long bone. An athlete has more nutritional intake and physical activity than non-athletes. The Javanese ethnic is the largest ethnic group in Indonesia. Height may vary based on the respective ethnicity. Senior High School 3 Purwokerto is a high school that has a class of football athletes and non-athletes class. To identify the correlation between the length of toes and height of athletes football and non-athletes of Javanese male students in Senior High School 3 Purwokerto. Analytical observational with cross sectional study design. The research subjects were taken by using simple random sampling method with the total of subjects 72 students. Data was analyzed using parametric correlation Pearson, nonparametric spearman and regression analysis. The result shows that There is a relation on several toes with height on both of the football athletes and non-athletes namely right big toe, right index toe, right middle toe, right fourth toe, left big toe, left index toe, left middle toe and left fourth toe, ranging from low to strong correlation (r = 0, 200-0, 799).There is a relationship between the length of toes and height of football athletes and non athletes of Javanese male in Senior High School 3 Purwokerto.