1. Hantavirus infection as a risk factor for chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) and its prevalence in endemic areas of Sri Lanka since 2010 according to a retrospective serological analysis.
- Author
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Gamage CD, Nanayakkara S, Sarathkumara YD, Muthusinghe DS, Shimizu K, Arikawa J, Lokupathirage SMW, Nanayakkara N, Gunarathne L, Chandrajith R, Harada KH, Koizumi A, and Yoshimatsu K
- Subjects
- Humans, Chronic Kidney Diseases of Uncertain Etiology, Retrospective Studies, Sri Lanka epidemiology, Prevalence, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Risk Factors, Hantavirus Infections complications, Hantavirus Infections epidemiology, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic complications, Renal Insufficiency, Chronic epidemiology
- Abstract
Background. Chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology (CKDu) is a major public health problem in Sri Lanka, especially among agrarian communities. Although the cause of CKDu is still unknown, hantavirus infection has been proposed as a risk factor. Methods. This study was performed using serological samples collected from two CKDu-endemic areas, Anuradhapura (2010) and Badulla districts (2010 and 2016), and a non-endemic area, Matale (2016) district. The presence of anti-Thailand orthohantavirus IgG antibodies was investigated in serum samples. Hantavirus seroprevalence and demographic data were epidemiologically analysed. Results. Seroprevalence was higher in CKDu patients (40.6-60.0 %) and healthy individuals in CKDu-endemic areas (17.6-25.5 %) than in healthy individuals in non-endemic areas (3.0 %). Statistically significant odds ratios (ORs) for hantavirus infection in CKDu patients were detected in CKDu-endemic areas [ORs: 3.2 and 3.1; 95 % confidence interval (CI): 1.8-5.5 and 1.8-5.2 in Anuradhapura and Badulla districts in 2010; and OR: 4.4, 95 % CI: 2.3-8.5 in 2016 in Badulla district). Furthermore, the OR for hantavirus infection in Badulla district has increased in the last decade from 3.1 (95 % CI: 1.8-5.3) to 4.4 (95 % CI: 2.3-8.5). Conclusion. Hantavirus infection has been prevalent in two distant CKDu-endemic areas since 2010. The observed significant association of hantavirus seropositivity with CKDu indicates a possible role of hantavirus infection in CKDu pathogenesis.
- Published
- 2022
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