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Au cours de la première moitié du XXe siècle, le patronat suisse de l’industrie des machines et métaux renouvèle en profondeur les comptabilités de ses entreprises. Si les rapports publiés tendent désormais à invisibiliser les données de production, en particulier le travail salarié, en interne, les services comptables établissent progressivement des statistiques d’une extrême précision sur le temps de travail et la rentabilité de la production. L’objectif explicite est d’abaisser les coûts et d’augmenter la productivité. Les archives comptables des entreprises révèlent que l’ambition implicite convoite davantage: propriétaires et administrateurs d’entreprises aspirent à transformer les rapports de production en imposant un contrôle accru et une intensification du travail. During the first half of the twentieth century, Swiss industry bosses in the machine and metal industries profoundly renewed their companies’ accounting practices. While published reports tended to obscure production data, particularly labour costs, internally, accounting departments gradually established extremely precise statistics on working time and production profitability. The explicit goal is to reduce costs and increase productivity. However, the accounting archives of companies reveal that the implicit ambition is even more significant: business owners and shareholders aspire to transform production relationships by imposing greater control and intensifying labour.

En prenant pour fil directeur la fonction du travail en tant que quasi-transcendantal dans Les mots et les choses, cette contribution propose une analyse du statut historico-épistémologique accordé par Foucault au marxisme dans le même ouvrage. À partir de la question nodale de la détermination anthropologique de l’histoire à l’œuvre chez Marx, il s’agit de montrer en quoi le diagnostic porté sur l’obsolescence de celui-ci par l’«archéologie des sciences humaines» s’étend au marxisme contemporain, à partir de l’exemple privilégié de la Critique de la raison dialectique de Sartre. Using the function of work as a quasi-transcendental in The Order of Things (1966) as its guiding thread, this article proposes an analysis of the historical-epistemological status accorded by Foucault to Marxism in the same work. Starting from the central question of the anthropological determination of history at work in Marx, the aim is to show how the diagnosis of its obsolescence by the “archaeology of the human sciences” extends to contemporary Marxism, based on the example of Sartre’s Critique of Dialectical Reason (1960).

This article examines the cultural construction of the Italian brigand, a prominent figure in the social imagination of 19th century Europe. The main objective is to establish a connection between the cultural representations of the brigands and the romantic discourse on the « mysteries » of the criminal classes. The article aims to analyse the processes of identification, mediatisation, politicisation and criminalisation linked to brigands and the phenomenon of brigandage. The article offers a contribution to the study of the complex mixture of literary production, criminological discourse and political conflict, which seems to be the privileged instrument for defining the changing representations of this social type. Cet article porte sur la construction culturelle du brigand italien, une figure marquante de l’imaginaire social de l’Europe du xixe siècle. Le principal objectif est d’établir un lien entre les représentations culturelles des brigands et le discours romantique sur les « mystères » des classes criminelles. L’article vise notamment à analyser les mécanismes d’identification, médiatisation, politisation et criminalisation liées aux brigands et au phénomène du brigandage. L’article offre ainsi une contribution à l’étude du mélange complexe d’imaginaire littéraire, de discours criminologique et de conflit politique, qui semble être le vecteur privilégié de définition des représentations changeantes de ce type social.

Contemporary racism has been investigated through Classical Antiquity by several scholars since 1960. This paper provides a narrow approach to racism which stresses comparative history in order to select fruitful contexts and analyse both the textual construction and physical destruction of barbarian otherness., Depuis 1960, divers chercheurs ont étudié le racisme contemporain tout au long de l’Antiquité. La présente contribution propose une approche restreinte qui prône la comparaison historique pour sélectionner des contextes productifs et analyser à la fois la construction textuelle et la destruction physique de l’Autre-barbare., Desde 1960, diversos investigadores han estudiado el racismo contemporáneo a través de la Antigüedad. La presente contribución propone un enfoque restringido que aboga por la comparación histórica para seleccionar contextos productivos y analizar tanto la construcción textual como la destrucción física del Otro-bárbaro., Sanz Casasnovas Gabriel. ¿Racismo en la Antigüedad Clásica? Un enfoque restringido. In: Dialogues d'histoire ancienne, vol. 48, n°1, 2022. pp. 123-147.

Utiliser une scénographie construite par Velázquez et Le Brun trois cents ans plus tard est-il un choix politique fertile ? Le tricentenaire du traité des Pyrénées en 1959 est méconnu car il fut d’emblée oublié. Pourtant, cette célébration fastueuse fut conçue par les diplomates espagnols et français comme représentation totale d’un dégel entre les deux voisins à la fin d’une décennie où, à la faveur de la Guerre Froide, le régime franquiste rompt son isolement. D’où vient l’échec ? Après avoir cerné la résonnance limitée de cet événement dans une première partie, le deuxième temps de l’analyse porte sur les préparatifs de cette représentation ex nihilo. Les leçons tirées par les décideurs dans les décennies suivantes sont étudiées dans la troisième partie. Au cœur de chaque axe, ce travail scrute l’articulation entre volonté de dégel bilatéral et représentation multivectorielle de cette volonté, vécue différemment par les organisateurs, les médias et l’opinion. Les principales sources utilisées sont les archives diplomatiques espagnoles et françaises. Histoire diplomatique, des arts et des représentations se côtoient ici. ¿Es una opción fecunda desde el punto de vista político utilizar una escenografía construida por Velázquez y Le Brun trescientos años después? El tricentenario del Tratado de los Pirineos de 1959 es poco conocido porque fue olvidado de inmediato. Sin embargo, esta suntuosa celebración fue concebida por los diplomáticos españoles y franceses como una representación total de un deshielo entre los dos vecinos al final de una década que permite al régimen franquista romper su aislamiento gracias a la Guerra Fría. ¿De dónde viene el fracaso? Después de haber identificado la repercusión limitada de este evento en la primera parte, la segunda parte del análisis se centra en los preparativos para esta actuación ex nihilo. En la tercera parte se analizan las lecciones aprendidas por los responsables políticos en las décadas siguientes. Dentro de cada eje, el artículo examina el juego entre el deseo de un deshielo bilateral y la representación multivectorial de esta voluntad, vivida de manera diferente por los organizadores, los medios y el público. Las principales fuentes utilizadas son los archivos diplomáticos de España y Francia. Aquí confluyen la historia, las artes y las representaciones diplomáticas. Is using a scenography organised by Velázquez and Le Brun three hundred years later a fertile political choice? The tercentenary of the Treaty of the Pyrenees in 1959 is little known because it was immediately forgotten. However, this sumptuous celebration was conceived by the Spanish and French diplomats as a total representation of a thaw between the two neighbours at the end of a decade when, thanks to the Cold War, Franco broke its isolation. Where does the failure come from? After having identified the limited resonance of this event in the first part, the second part of the analysis focuses on the preparations for this performance ex nihilo. Lessons learned by policymakers in the following decades are explored in part three. At the heart of each axis, this work examines the articulation between the desire for a bilateral thaw and the multivectorial representation of this will, experienced differently by the organizers, the media and the public. The main sources used are the Spanish and French diplomatic archives. Diplomatic history, arts and representations come together here.

De Hugo Chávez à Nicolás Maduro, le Venezuela a engagé depuis 1999 un ensemble de réformes désignées sous le nom de « révolution bolivarienne ». Dans ce cadre, nous nous intéressons à explorer la production de la Grande Mission Logement Venezuela (GMVV) et le cas de l’invasion de la Torre David squattée en 2004 par un premier groupe de sans-abri. Les principales questions : comment l’État « magique » avec sa dépendance historique aux ressources pétrolières peut-il viser une solution aux problèmes de logements rencontrés par la société ? Désossée, abandonnée, toujours saillante, la Torre David est passée d’icône de la modernité à l’écriture d’un avenir « incertain » dans laquelle la société vénézuélienne est plongée. En 2022, la Torre symbolise encore une crise latente qui perdure sans donner d’indices sur son cours final. From Hugo Chávez to Nicolás Maduro, Venezuela has been engaged since 1999 in a set of reforms referred to as the Bolivarian Revolution”. Within this framework, we are interested in exploring the production of the Great Housing Mission Venezuela (GMVV) and the case of the invasion of the squatted Torre David in 2004 by a first group of homeless people. The main questions: how can the “magic” state with its historical dependence on oil resources aim to solve the housing problems faced by society? Boneless, abandoned, still protruding, the Torre David has gone from an icon of modernity to the writing of an “uncertain” future in which Venezuelan society is immersed. Still in 2022, the Torre symbolizes a latent crisis that persists without giving any clues about its final course.

RESUMO Os títulos nobiliárquicos de Pedro Taques de Almeida Paes Leme, de meados do século XVIII até sua morte, em 1777, foram redigidos durante período de intensa redefinição do papel da capitania de São Paulo em relação à Coroa e à América portuguesa como um todo. Após o período de submissão administrativa ao Rio de Janeiro (1748-1765) e em meio às negociações das fronteiras entre as colônias ultramarinas portuguesa e espanhola para a assinatura e implementação do Tratado de Madrid (1750), os paulistas viam-se em posição renovada e almejavam ampliar os reconhecimentos de seus feitos e, assim, as benesses que poderiam emergir. Nessa articulação entre política, território e as antigas e atuais relações com grupos indígenas, Taques escreve centenas de solicitações de reconhecimento de nobreza para as principais famílias paulistas. A análise sistemática da totalidade dos títulos genealógicos remanescentes desse conjunto permite divisar as estratégias narrativas de tais pedidos e os significados que construíram para um grupo específico e limitado dentro dessa população: os “paulistas”. Este artigo apresenta o exame dos textos genealógicos, em sua redação e pela extração de dados quantitativos, circunscrevendo a fixação de certos valores, antecedentes e hábitos que serão atribuídos exclusivamente a esses “paulistas” - e não à totalidade da população desse território -, buscando subverter séculos de lendas e documentos que os classificavam como violentos, cruéis e insubordinados. Ressalto, ainda, como essa operação será fundamental na configuração posterior da mitologia bandeirante, que generaliza a associação entre esses homens e o ímpeto comum dos paulistas. ABSTRACT Pedro Taques de Almeida Paes Leme’s nobility titles, dated from mid-18th century until his death, in 1777, were written during a period of intense redefinition of the captaincy of São Paulo’s relations with the Portuguese Crown and the colony as a whole. After its administrative subordination to Rio de Janeiro (1748-1765) and amidst border negotiations between Spanish and Portuguese America for the signing and implementation of the Treaty of Madrid (1750), the Paulistas (inhabitants of São Paulo) sought to expand the recognition of their conquests and consequently gain more benefits. Articulating politics, territorial definitions, and both past and contemporary relations with indigenous groups, Taques writes hundreds of requests for recognition of nobility for the main families of São Paulo. By systematically analyzing the remaining genealogies, one can observe the narrative strategies employed by such requests and the built-in meanings of a particular and limited group within this population: the “paulistas”. This paper examines these nobility titles in their writing and by extraction of quantitative data, circumscribing the establishment of certain values, backgrounds and habits exclusively to said “paulistas”-and not to all the captaincy population-, subverting century old legends and documents that painted them as a violent, cruel, and insubordinate group. Lastly, this resignification will be instrumental to the 20th century historical construction of the bandeirante mythology, which generalizes the association between these men and a common ethos shared by all paulistas.

Mon mémoire porte sur les représentations des Premiers Peuples dans les manuels scolaires d’histoire francophones, produits et utilisés au Québec entre 1920 et 1960, avec une attention particulière portée à ceux destinés aux jeunes du primaire. Cette recherche est au croisement des études sur le colonialisme québécois, de l’histoire de l’enfance et de l’étude des représentations. Plusieurs théories émanant des études visuelles, de l’altérité et des performances studies sont aussi mobilisées dans mon étude des manuels scolaires d’histoire. En se positionnant à l’intersection de cette mosaïque d’historiographies et d’approches conceptuelles, mon mémoire répond aux questions suivantes : comment sont représentés les Premiers Peuples au Canada dans les manuels d’histoires francophones produits entre les années 1920 et 1960 et dans quelle mesure ces représentations sont en rupture avec la période précédente ? Comment sont mobilisées ces représentations dans l’imaginaire colonial québécois ? De quelle manière est reçue, appropriée et performée l’image coloniale de l’« Indien imaginaire » par les enfants ? Mon étude vient compléter une historiographie qui couvrira, dès lors, toute l’histoire des représentations des Premiers Peuples dans les manuels scolaires d’histoire depuis les débuts de l’instruction publique au Québec. Le premier chapitre explore trois champs historiographiques sur lesquels mon mémoire s’appuie : l’histoire des enfants, le colonialisme d’occupation et les représentations des Premiers Peuples dans la culture populaire nord-américaine. Les chapitres deux et trois sont consacrés, dans l’ordre, à l’analyse des manuels scolaires d’histoire produit entre 1920 et 1950 et ceux entre 1950 et 1960. Je démontre que la figure de l’Indien est mobilisée par les auteurs des manuels des années 1920-1950 pour justifier la dépossession et les violences coloniales du passé, notamment par l’utilisation d’arguments politiques, moraux et généalogiques. Dans la série de manuels des années 1950, nettement plus nationaliste, les auteurs reprennent ces mêmes idées en appuyant toutefois plus fortement sur l’idée de la « mission civilisatrice » au point de nettoyer le récit historique québécois de sa violence originelle. De plus, j’établis que ces manuels montrent la prolongation du colonialisme dans le présent. Les Premiers Peuples ne disparaissent plus du récit après la Conquête, contrairement à ce qui était le cas dans les manuels d’histoire avant 1950, mais ils sont toujours sujets à un discours colonial qui les dénigre, les invisibilise et tente de justifier la dépossession de leurs terres., My master’s thesis examines the representations of First Peoples in French-language history textbooks produced and used in Quebec between 1920 and 1960, with a particular focus on those intended for elementary school children. This research is at the crossroads of studies on Quebec colonialism, childhood history and the study of representations. Several theories emanating from visual studies, othering and performance studies are also mobilized in my study of history textbooks. By positioning itself at the intersection of this mosaic of historiographies and conceptual approaches, my master’s thesis answers the following questions: how are the First Peoples in Canada represented in French-language history textbooks produced between the 1920s and the 1960s and to what extent are these representations at odds with the previous period? How are these representations mobilized in the Quebec colonial imagination? How is the colonial image of the ‘imaginary Indian’ received, appropriated and performed by children? My study contributes to a historiography exploring history of representations of the First Peoples in history textbooks since the beginning of public education in Quebec. The first chapter explores three historiographical fields on which my dissertation draws: children's history, settler colonialism, and representations of First Peoples in North American popular culture. Chapters two and three are devoted, in order, to the analysis of history textbooks produced between 1920 and 1950 and those between 1950 and 1960. I show that the figure of the Indian is mobilized by the authors of the first period’s textbooks to justify the dispossession and colonial violence of the past, notably through the use of political, moral and genealogical arguments. In the latter period’s, more nationalistic series of textbooks, the authors reiterate these same ideas, but with a stronger emphasis on the idea of the ‘civilizing mission’ to the point of cleansing the Quebec historical narrative of its original violence. Furthermore, I argue that these textbooks show the continuation of colonialism in the present. First Peoples no longer disappear from the narrative after the Conquest, as was the case in history textbooks before 1950, but they are still subject to a colonial discourse that denigrates and invisibilizes them, while attempting to justify the dispossession of their lands.

Cette contribution entend analyser les différents récits produits par les acteurs impliqués dans la construction sociale et symbolique du quartier de Thames Town, dans la ville nouvelle de Songjiang, un arrondissement périphérique de Shanghai. Ce quartier résidentiel et touristique, construit entre 2002 et 2006, a fait l’objet de nombreuses analyses et discours du fait des styles architecturaux anglais qui y ont été reproduits. Ainsi, malgré une érection relativement récente, il existe un riche corpus de données historiques qui n’ont pourtant pas ou peu été mobilisées pour analyser les évolutions du quartier et des relations entre les différents acteurs.L’analyse des récits et des représentations produits par le promoteur, les observateurs extérieurs et les usagers permets de révéler les influences réciproques dans les perceptions du quartier et les enjeux qui guident chacune des parties. Plus encore, l’analyse de ces récits et de leur usage permet de montrer que le quartier, au contraire des représentations couramment diffusées d’un espace désancré de la société chinoise, est en réalité intégré dans de multiples histoires et trajectoires. This contribution aims to analyse the different narratives produced by the actors involved in the social and symbolic construction of the neighborhood of Thames Town, in the new city of Songjiang, a peripheral district of Shanghai. Built between 2002 and 2006, this residential and tourist area has been the subject of numerous analyses and discourses due to the English architectural styles that have been reproduced there. In spite of its relatively recent construction, a rich corpus of historical data therefore has not yet been used to analyze changes in the neighborhood and in the relationships between the various actors.The analysis of the narratives and representations produced by developers, outside observers and daily users reveals reciprocal influences in the perceptions of the neighborhood and the issues that guide each of the parties. Moreover, the analysis of these narratives and their use shows that, contrary to the commonly disseminated representations of a disconnected space within Chinese society, in reality, the district is integrated into multiple histories and trajectories.

Alma Karlin (1889–1950), a round-the-world traveller, intellectual, and writer from Celje, Slovenia, arrived in Japan and lived in Tokyo in the early 1920s, an era which historians consider to be an interim period between the initial expansion of the Japanese Empire to mainland Asia and its end in 1945. The writer’s fascination with the land can be inferred, among other things, from a 35-page description of Japan and the Japanese in her most famous book, Einsame Weltreise. Die Tragödie einer Frau (The Odyssey of a Lonely Woman), and passages in Reiseskizzen (Travel Sketches), an earlier work. The article aims to place these travel accounts in the historical and ideological contexts of their time while highlighting some similarities and differences between the representations of the land and its people by Karlin and those by Isabella Bird (1831–1904). Although Karlin makes no explicit reference to the famous British traveller in her writing on Japan, the article demonstrates that she must have known about Bird’s book Unbeaten Tracks in Japan. It is, above all, her decision to introduce her (German) readers to topoi that were typical of Victorian women’s travel writing which suggests that Karlin partly based her image of Japan, if not even the itinerary of her journey there, on Bird’s bestselling work. Nevertheless, Karlin does not seem to have conformed to the then dominant orientalist discourses on Japan, her representations generally showing none of the Western arrogance that was so typical of her fellow travellers of both sexes. Celjska svetovna popotnica, intelektualka in pisateljica Alma Karlin (1889–1950) je japonsko otočje obiskala in v Tokiu prebivala v zgodnjih dvajsetih letih 20. stoletja, ki v zgodovinopisju veljajo za vmesno obdobje med začetkom širjenja japonskega imperija na azijsko celino in njegovim neslavnim koncem leta 1945. Pisateljičino fascinacijo nad deželo je mogoče razbrati tudi iz približno 35 strani dolgega opisa Japonske in Japoncev v njenem najbolj znanem delu Einsame Weltreise. Die Tragödie einer Frau (Samotno potovanje v daljne dežele: tragedija ženske) ter iz odlomkov iz predhodno objavljenih podlistkov z naslovom Reiseskizzen (Popotne skice). Avtor te opise postavi v zgodovinski in ideološki kontekst časa njihovega nastanka, hkrati pa opozori na nekaj vzporednic in nasprotij med reprezentacijami dežele ter njenih prebivalcev izpod peresa Alme Karlin in tistimi slovite britanske popotnice Isabelle Bird (1831–1904). Čeprav v japonskem delu svojega potopisa tega eksplicitno ne omenja, prispevek dokazuje, da je Alma Karlin nedvomno poznala knjižno uspešnico Isabelle Bird Unbeaten Tracks in Japan. Posledično lahko upravičeno sklepamo, da si je svoje podobe Japonske, mogoče celo itinerarij, ustvarila tudi na podlagi tega dela, kar je po avtorjevem mnenju najbolj razvidno iz izbire (klasičnih) tem ženskih potopisov iz viktorijanskega obdobja, ki jih je želela približati svojemu (nemškemu) bralstvu. Kljub temu se zdi, da se Alma Karlin ni podredila tedanjim orientalističnim diskurzom o Japonski, saj v njenih reprezentacijah praviloma ni mogoče zaznati tipične zahodnjaške oholosti, tako značilne za njene popotniške pendante obeh spolov.

RESUMEN A partir del estudio de la Revista de Psiquiatría y Disciplinas Conexas, publicación especializada y con más de veinte años de continuidad (1935-1957) en Chile, se examina la relación entre la categoría de anormalidad y la manera como fue asumida y representada por las páginas de este medio académico. Desde la perspectiva del construccionismo y el análisis de contenido, se revisa su perfil editorial, su vinculación con el contexto de época, el papel asignado a los psiquiatras y la manera cómo dicha revista reprodujo y transmitió identidades estereotipadas. ABSTRACT This paper examines the relationship between the category of abnormality and how it was assumed and represented in the pages of the Revista de Psiquiatria y Disciplinas Conexas, a specialized Chilean publication with over twenty years of continuity (1935-1957). From the perspective of constructionism and content analysis, we review its editorial profile, its link with the context of the time, the role assigned to psychiatrists and the way in which the journal reproduced and transmitted stereotyped identities.

International audience; As major sociocultural phenomena, sport and its Olympic showcase are unable to escape either the heightened subjective (re)interpretation of the past or the social frameworks structuring the extension of memory representations during the final decades of the twentieth century. In order to better understand the phenomenon, this article aims to determine the role and weight of the various actors and institutions of the Olympic Movement in safeguarding the ideology advocated by Pierre de Coubertin. From the 1950s on and at several different levels – individual andcollective – the promotion of a legacy oriented towards the pedagogical principles of Olympism became a recurrent challenge ininstitutional Olympic space. Through the segmentation and diversity of its uses, however, this memory raises the issue of its own instrumentalization and contributes to highlighting discordant heritage schemas within a movement presented as being unitary.

This study uses a post-feminist lens to examine destination-marketing material connected to three sites in Bergslagen, an area located in the central part of Sweden famous for centuries of mining activity. This region continues to have ongoing mining operations, but has also worked at developing cultural and industrial heritage interpretations of its industrial past. A rich history of development based on mines, quarries and smelting huts has created a foundation for possible reinterpretations of history for tourism and became a ground for representation of metanarratives. In this study we analyse three sites located in the area of Bergslagen ˗ Långban, Axmar Bruk (Axmar mill) and Engelsberg Bruk (Engelsberg mill). On-line textual and visual marketing materials used by these destinations allowed for the analysis of representations of the industrial heritage. Using post-feminist theory, we analysed representations of the industrial heritage in the marketing textual and visual materials of these chosen attractions. Our goal was to find the dominant representations as well as to explore what representations were missing from the stories told to the visitors. Our results show that both images and textual material continue to rely heavily on the representations of patriarchal system of Bergslagen and its industrial heritage, whereas the role of female and ‘other’ alternative narratives continue to be excluded. This study contributes to a deeper understanding of how marketing materials remain as facilitators in upholding male and female stereotypes connected to industrial heritage and the conclusions highlight the continued polarisation of gender through contemporary channels of communication. Este trabalho analisa, a partir da teoria pós-feminista, o material de marketing de destino em três lugares da região de Bergslagen (zona centro da Suécia), famosa pela sua atividade secular no campo da mineração. Essa região, na qual há ainda operações de mineração, tem trabalhado no sentido de desenvolver interpretações do seu património cultural e industrial. Trata-se de uma história de desenvolvimento das minas, pedreiras e cabanas de fundição, que criou uma base para possíveis reinterpretações da história do turismo e se tornou um terreno para a representação de metanarrativas. Neste estudo, analisamos três locais na área de Bergslagen ˗ Långban, Axmar Bruk (fábrica Axmar) e Engelsberg Bruk (fábrica Engelsberg). Os materiais de marketing textual e visual on-line utilizados por esses destinos permitiram a análise de representações do património industrial. Utilizando a teoria pós-feminista, analisamos representações do património industrial nos materiais textuais e visuais de marketing das atrações escolhidas. O nosso objetivo é encontrar as representações dominantes e explorar quais as representações que estavam ausentes nas histórias contadas aos visitantes. Os resultados mostram que tanto as imagens quanto o material textual continuam dependendo fortemente das representações do sistema patriarcal de Bergslagen e da sua herança industrial, enquanto o papel das narrativas femininas e de 'outras' alternativas continua excluído. Este estudo contribui para uma compreensão mais profunda de como os materiais de marketing permanecem como facilitadores na defesa dos estereótipos masculinos e femininos conectados ao património industrial e as conclusões destacam a contínua polarização de género através dos canais de comunicação contemporâneos.

This essay analyses the context in which I produced a comparative study, based on primary sources, of the Inquisition in Southern Europe and on other continents from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century. The main questions, methods and arguments I used are discussed here, as well as the study’s publication in several languages and its reception in various countries. The purpose is to reflect on historiography, seen as a collective enterprise moved forward by individual efforts, although always checked and challenged, and on its public impact. I shall focus not only on the continuous process of exchange as the basis of knowledge, but also on changes in time and place that create new needs for historical research and new paradigms for the latter. Este ensaio analisa o contexto de escrita do meu estudo comparativo da Inquisição no sul da Europa e noutros continentes, do século XV ao século XIX, com base em fontes primárias. As principais questões, métodos e argumentos são discutidos aqui, bem como a difusão em diferentes línguas e a recepção em vários países. O objetivo é refletir sobre a historiografia, entendida como um empreendimento coletivo movido por esforços individuais sempre verificados e questionados, mas também sobre o impacto público. Concentro-me no intercâmbio permanente como base do conhecimento, mas também nas mudanças de tempo e de lugar que criam novas necessidades de pesquisa histórica e novos paradigmas. Cet essai analyse le contexte de la rédaction de mon étude comparative de l'Inquisition en Europe du Sud et sur d'autres continents du XVe au XIXe siècle à partir de sources primaires. Les principales questions, méthodes et arguments sont abordés ici, ainsi que la diffusion dans différentes langues et la réception dans plusieurs pays. Il s'agit de réfléchir sur l'historiographie, vue comme une entreprise collective mue par des efforts individuels toujours contrôlés et contestés, mais aussi sur l'impact public. Je mettrai l'accent sur l'échange permanent comme base de connaissance, mais aussi sur les changements de temps et de lieu qui créent de nouveaux besoins de recherche historique et de nouveaux paradigmes.

L’être humain (ne disons pas l’homme) ne peut pas ne pas habiter en poète. Si on ne lui donne pas, comme offrande et don, une possibilité d’habiter poétiquement ou d’inventer une poésie, il la fabrique à sa manière. Habiter, pour commencer. Reprenant à l’hiver 2020 la rédaction en chef de Perspective, à la suite de Judith Delfiner dont nous saluons amicalement le travail décisif, nous nous trouvions, sur le seuil, marqués par l’expérience nouvelle et universelle des confinements. La mesure vi...

“El 2 de octubre no se olvida”. Esa consigna sintetiza la demanda de memoria en torno a uno de los hechos más oscuros de la histo-ria mexicana reciente: la masacre de la Plaza de las Tres Culturas de Tlatelolco, en 1968. El 2 de octubre de 2018, en el marco de la conmemoración del 50 aniversario de estos sucesos, se estrenó Un extraño enemigo, un thriller político, que describe el surgimiento y desarrollo del movimiento estudiantil de 1968 en México. La serie fue producida por Televisa y distribuida mundialmente a través de Amazon Prime Video. En este trabajo se analiza críticamente la representación del movimiento estudiantil cons-truida en la serie y- desde ese enclave- procura explorar cómo el recurso a la representación ficcional del pasado puede vincularse a estrategias más amplias de legitimación cultural y política de la televisión. Se aborda la serie como evento textual, cuyo funcionamiento so-cial se articula en relación con otros textos y discursos (Couldry, 2000). Por una parte, se analizan un conjunto de paratextos promocionales y periodísticos a través de los cuales se posicionaron socialmente los sentidos preferentes de la serie y, por otro lado, se examinan los sentidos sobre el pasado construidos en ella. October 2 is not forgotten.” This slo-gan synthesizes the demand for memory around one of the darkest events in re-cent Mexican history: the massacre in the Plaza de las Tres Culturas de Tlatelolco, in 1968.On October 2, 2018, as part of the commemoration of the 50th anniversary of these events, was released Un extraño enemigo, a political thriller that describes the emergence and development of the 1968 student movement in Mexico. The series was produced by Televisa and dis-tributed worldwide through Amazon Prime Video.In this paper, the representation of the student movement constructed in the series is criti-cally analyzed and - from that - attempts to explore how the use of the fictional representa-tion of the past can be linked to broader strategies of cultural and political legitimation of television.The series is approached as a textual event, whose social functioning is articulated in relation to other texts and discourses (Couldry, 2000). On the one hand, are analyzed a set of promotional and journalistic paratexts through which the preferred meanings of the series were socially positioned and, on the other hand, are examined the meanings about the past constructed in it

Entre las múltiples manifestaciones festivas y culturales de 1921 con las que se conmemoró la Consumación de la Independencia en la Ciudad de México, tiene un particular relieve un concurso organizado por el influyente diario El Universal para elegir y coronar una reina de belleza que fuera “auténticamente” indígena. Espectacular aunque controvertido modo de insistir en el componente autóctono de la nación, este Centenario promovía una política subrayadamente populista. El trabajo enfoca cómo, para adecuarse al modelo de feminidad deseado, se van debatiendo a lo largo del año, tanto desde la prensa como en el discurso antropológico dominante, las modalidades del certamen que culmina en el mes de septiembre a través de espectáculos, veladas y desfiles callejeros. El análisis se basa tanto en los preparativos, en los diversos festejos en torno a “la India Bonita” tratados por la prensa, mostrando también cómo la historiografía en los últimos tiempos ha enfocado diversas facetas de este ejemplo de invención de una tradición. Esta nueva forma de culto de la belleza femenina, asociada en los veinte a la incorporación de las masas indígenas a la unidad nacional, se ha transformado y sobrevive, como en otros países, con diversos nombres Among many celebrations commemoratives of the Mexican Centennial in 1921 in Mexico City, this paper studies how influential El Universal contributed by sponsoring a women’s beauty contest, in search of an “India Bonita”. As she might be a “really” indigenous young girl, it was a spectacular way to construct a positive valuation of Indian things and to promote new revolutionary populist politics. Celebrations should be open to the people, marking the distance between the new post-revolutionary regime and the 1910 Centennial “aristocratic” celebration. Explanations of how the depicted subjects related to the promoted ideals were published all the year long resulting in performances, concerts and street parades during September’s huge celebrations. Our sources rely on El Universal readings and interpretations by researchers that have been valorizing this invention of tradition for last decades. These beauty contests, a new kind of nationalistic mania associated in Mexico’s Twenties with indigenous masses in order to affirm national unity survived, as it did in other countries, under different names.

Publisher Copyright: © 2021 Universidade de Coimbra - Faculdade de Letras. All rights reserved. In the period between the last quarter of the nineteenth century and the early years of the twentieth century, three distinct, yet interwoven, historical processes overlapped in Portugal: a modest industrial growth, the dissemination of photography as a common practice, and the publication of photographic images in the illustrated press. This article analyses how an illustrated magazine, O Occidente, represented Portuguese industry through the printing of photographs or drawings of photographs. It follows a methodology that combines semiotics with content analysis in photojournalism to show that Occidente created a representation of the industry as a modern and innovative sector that illustrated progress in Portugal, that did not coincide with its true state. This essay adds to the debate about the importance of photography as an historical source (and not just an illustrative tool) and to business history, namely the representations created and circulated about Portuguese industry. publishersversion published

En aquest article proposo una lectura d’Au Bonheur des dames d’Émile Zola, atenta a las representacions construïdes al voltant del progrés i les transformacions en la la vida urbana europea decimonònica. Hi desenvoluparé un estudi dels personatges, els vincles que creen, de manera que la botiga, més que com un mer escenari, és un gran protagonista, cor de la metamorfosi de la vida social i material. Hi trobem els qui tenen èxit i els exclosos, un espai per a la «carrera oberta al talent», no només per al burgès, sinó també per als treballadors del comerç que, a diferència dels industrials, podien assolir l’èxit juntament amb el patró. Per acabar, faig una breu referència a la sèrie The Paradise, com una reescriptura de la novel·la de Zola al segle XXI., In this article I propose a reading of Au Bonheur des dames byÉmile Zola, attentive to the representations built around progress and transformationsin nineteenth-century European urban life. A study of the charactersand their associations will be developed, understanding the store asmore than a mere stage, but as a great protagonist, the heart of the metamorphosisof social and material life. They are successful and exclusive,spaces for the “career open to talent”, not only for the bourgeoisie but alsofor trade workers who, unlike the industrialists, could achieve success withemployers. Finally, I make brief reference to the series The Paradise, as arewrite in the 21st century of Zola’s novel., En este artículo propongo una lectura de Au Bonheur des dames de Émile Zola, atenta a las representaciones construidas en torno al progreso ylas transformaciones en la vida urbana europea decimonónica. Se desarrollaráun estudio de los personajes y los vínculos que crean, entendiendo la tienda, más que como un mero escenario, como una gran protagonista, corazón de la metamorfosis de la vida social y material. Hay exitosos y excluidos, espacio para la «carrera abierta al talento», no solo para el burgués, sino también para los trabajadores de comercio que, a diferencia de los industriales, podían alcanzar el éxito junto al patrón. Finalmente, hago breve referencia a la serie The Paradise, como reescritura en el siglo XXI de la novela de Zola.

espanolDurante las ultimas decadas del siglo XIX y las primeras del siglo XX, Falucho, un soldado afrodescendiente martir del Ejercito de los Andes, era uno de los heroes militares mas honrados por el pueblo argentino. En 1897, se le erigio una estatua en Buenos Aires a cuyos pies la ciudadania se congregaba masivamente. Sin embargo, a pesar de la adoracion popular, a lo largo del siglo XX su figura se haria desconocida. Al presente, pocos argentinos reconocen su nombre. Tomando en consideracion un periodo historico amplio –fines del siglo XIX y primera mitad del siglo XX–, en este trabajo proponemos centrarnos en la trayectoria de la figura de Falucho para desentramar algunos de los sentidos que se le otorgo a lo afro y a lo “negro” en la Argentina a traves del tiempo, y como el Estado fue trazando su particular economia politica racial, de genero y de clase, creando representaciones que fueron reproducidas y recirculadas por toda la poblacion. Este recorrido mostrara, ademas, como los afroargentinos luchaban y discutian las formas de su inclusion en la nacion, teniendo en cuenta que la figura de Falucho fue promovida por intelectuales afrodescendientes. EnglishDuring the last decades of the 19th century and the first decades of the 20th century, Falucho, an Afro-descendant soldier and martyr of the Andes Army, was one of the Argentine’s most honored military heroes. In 1897 a statue in Buenos Aires was erected and the citizens massively congregated at its feet. Nevertheless, in spite of popular adoration, throughout the 20th century his figure would become unknown. At present, few Argentines recognize his name. Taking into consideration a broad historical period -late 19th century and first half of the 20th century-, we propose to focus on the trajectory of the Falucho’s figure in order to unravel some of the meanings given to racial differences in Argentina through time, and how the state traced its particular political economy with a racial, gender and class bias, creating representations that were reproduced by the population. We also aim to show how Afro-Argentines fought and discussed the forms of their inclusion in the nation, bearing in mind that the figure of Falucho was in fact promoted by Afro-descendant intellectuals.

Greek novels of love and adventure give a large space to women characters, not only heroines, but also secondary characters and extras. But if their number may appear similar to what it really was in civic societies of the Eastern Roman Empire, a methodical study reveals that this number is underestimated and that it reflects a representation of Greek society which increases the role of public spaces at the expense of private spaces, as well as the place of margins in the world of the Greek cities compared with civic societies. By the same token men are over-represented, on an individual level but even more when groups are considered. To gather information about the status and activities of women is a second step. Elite women as well as women belonging to the working-class are considered. But one of the major interests of the Greek novels remains the accurate description of the cycle of a woman’ s life., Les romans grecs d’amour et d’aventure présentent l'intérêt de faire une large place aux personnages féminins, héroïnes mais également personnages secondaires et figurantes, dont le nombre semble à première lecture assez fidèle à ce qu’il pouvait être dans les sociétés civiques des provinces orientales de l’Empire. En réalité, une étude précise révèle que ce nombre est moins important qu’il n’y paraît et qu’il renvoie à une représentation de la société grecque qui fait une plus large place aux espaces publics qu’aux espaces privés et aux marges du monde des cités qu’aux sociétés civiques. Apparaît ainsi une sur-représentation des hommes, au niveau individuel et plus encore au niveau collectif. Un recensement des informations disponibles concernant les statuts et les activités des femmes vient donc compléter cette première étude. Les femmes appartenant au milieu des élites aussi bien que les femmes des milieux populaires sont prises en considération. Mais l’un des apports les plus notables du roman grec reste de décrire avec une grande précision le déroulement d’une vie de femme grecque., Couraud-Lalanne Sophie. Les femmes du roman grec entre réalités et représentations. In: Dialogues d'histoire ancienne. Supplément n°18, 2019. Femmes grecques de l'Orient romain. pp. 221-251.

Artykuł omawia rozwój symbolicznych znaczeń Auschwitz w Polsce od końca II wojny światowej [do 2015 roku], biorąc pod uwagę kontekst polskiej historii i pamięci, w szczególności pamięci o Zagładzie i debat wokół niej. Analizując różne rodzaje reprezentacji, artykuł rozpatruje w sposób chronologiczny główne symboliki byłego obozu - polską, międzynarodową, uniwersalistyczną i żydowską - oraz wskazuje inne. W artykule wyróżnione zostają okresy rozwoju symboliki Auschwitz w Polsce. Główną tezą artykułu jest, że Auschwitz miał i ma w Polsce równocześnie rozmaite znaczenia. Obecnie, jest on, między innymi, symbolem Holokaustu, ale nie jego głównym symbolem. The article discusses the development of the symbolic meanings of Auschwitz in Poland since the end of the Second World War [until 2015], taking into account the context of Polish history and memory, in particular the memory of the Holocaust and disputes surrounding it. Analyzing various kinds of representations, the article examines chronologically the major symbolisms of the former camp - Polish, international, universalist, and Jewish - as well as pointing to others, and identifying the periods of their development. The article argues that Auschwitz has had various meanings in Poland. At present, it is, among others, a symbol of the Holocaust, but not the symbol thereof.

Lorsque le roi Bochus demande à Sydrac, petit-fils de Noé, « Puet on oublier son païs ? », la réponse du philosophe étend à l’humanité entière le nombre des exilés sur Terre : Syderac respont : L’em puet bien son païs oublier. [...] Car qui se vuelt donner garde au monde, si troeuve que toute la gent qui furent et seront et sont si sont estranges en cest siecle. Car nus n’a païs en li mes que tant seulement herbergier et partir maintenant. La duree de cest siecle se elle estoit cent mille ans...

The ways Britons imagined and represented their British North American colonies after the loss of the thirteen colonies in 1783 is a theme that is largely under researched. Through the study of British newspapers, both London-based and local, this article aims at understanding what images and representations Britons had of their Canadian colonies from the end of the War of Independence to the end of the War of 1812. Such analysis shows British North America offered more than the image of “a few acres of snow”. It also explores the manners in which those images of North America sprang from and contributed to the spreading of the imperial propaganda in the British public sphere. La façon dont les Britanniques imaginaient et représentaient leurs colonies britanniques d’Amérique du Nord après la perte des treize colonies en 1783 est un thème largement sous‑étudié. À travers l’étude de la presse britannique (tant les journaux basés à Londres que la presse locales), cet article cherche à comprendre quelles images et représentations les Britanniques avaient de leurs colonies canadiennes de la fin de la guerre d’Indépendance jusqu’à la fin de la guerre de 1812. Cette analyse montre que les représentations de l’Amérique du Nord britannique ne se limitaient pas à l’idée de « quelques arpents de neige ». Cette recherche explore également la manière dont ces images de l’Amérique du Nord étaient issues de la propagande impériale et comment elles contribuèrent à leur diffusion dans la sphère publique britannique.

In 1907, Luís Filipe, heir apparent of Portugal, visited the Portuguese colonies in Africa. The voyage was covered by the Portuguese illustrated press that, together with news about the journey, published several photographs of the locations visited by the prince. In this paper, I analyse a set of pictures published in the journals O Occidente and Illustração Portugueza and I show how they contributed to a visual narrative of progress and modernity of the Portuguese imperial project that illustrated the civilising mission of the Portuguese Empire. I show how the colonies were presented as Europeanised places, with tokens of the technoscientific presence of the mainland (that, however, did not hide a romantic view of the exoticness of the African landscape), including the imposition of European mores over the natives. I aim to add to the debate about the importance of photography to colonial projects, as a tool of Empire. publishersversion published