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Researchers and practitioners have unanimously acknowledged the impact of legacy media coverage of past pandemics as well as COVID-19 and its importance for health-related risk communication. Therefore, this study provides scholars and health communication practitioners with a deeper understanding of the patterns, main themes, and limitations of media reporting and peer-reviewed research in the early stages of the COVID-19 pandemic in different national media environments. Because the objective is to evaluate patterns, this paper focuses on early quantitative and automated content analyses for theoretical contribution, geographic diversity, methodological rigor, and inclusion of risk and crisis communication theory. It also assesses whether authors deduced implications, for both theory and practice of health-related risk and crisis communication. We conducted a content analysis of 66 studies in peer-reviewed journals from the beginning of the pandemic until April 2022. The findings demonstrate that early quantitative analyses of the news coverage of COVID-19 are often not theory-driven, apply heterogeneous forms of framing analysis, and lack references to risk and crisis communication theory. Consequently, only few implications for health communication practice during pandemics were drawn. However, there is evidence of improvement in geographic scope compared to previous research. The discussion addresses the importance of developing a consistent approach to framing analyses of risk and crisis media coverage and the importance of well-designed cross-cultural research in a global pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the media coverage of the first wave of the COVID-19 crisis. The analysis of 213 items from leading TV channels and newspapers revealed four main themes characterising the: coverage of the establishment's preparations, coverage of morbidity, criticism of the establishment, and information provision. By and large, the media acted as a 'mobilized press', encouraging the public to follow guidelines, but criticism of certain sectors of the public and individuals was almost absent. The article demonstrates that the phenomenon of 'rallying around the flag' is common in both security and health crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Along with the direct trauma of their experience, many rape victims also suffer secondary victimization due to the tendency of others to blame victims for their assault, particularly in cases of acquaintance rape. We explored the role of news media coverage in promoting victim blaming tendencies. In Study 1, a content analysis of articles reporting sexual assaults from two newspapers revealed a tendency for media to overreport stranger rapes and underreport acquaintance rapes, perpetuating the stranger rape as "real rape" prototype. More victim blaming language was also used in reports of acquaintance rape than stranger rape. Perceivers responded to these differences; a high victim blaming news article resulted in greater victim blaming compared to an article low in victim blame content (Study 2 and 3), and exposure to a high blaming article produced greater victim blaming in a subsequent unrelated case of rape and increased endorsement of rape myths (Study 3). These findings demonstrate the importance of the media in shaping public perception of rape victims, particularly in cases of acquaintance rape, and suggest that news media, legislators, and other visible communicators can change the culture of victimization through intentional efforts to delegitimize rape stereotypes in their reporting and dialogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Newspapers that address mental disorders affect health care positively or negatively and can affect the public's perspective with the way they explain mental disorders. To examine the representation of news about mental disorders published in Turkish newspapers. Using the document analysis method, 230 news about mental disorders published in the six most read newspapers in 2022 were examined. It has been concluded that the descriptive characteristics of individuals with mental disorders are often stated, schizophrenia and psychotic disorders are mentioned most, mental disorders are associated with delinquency and violent behaviour, these people are mostly represented by being detained as a result of the events, and negative concepts are frequently used in newspaper reports. Five sub-themes were determined under the main theme of "Negative Concepts": "Exaggerated Discourses", "Stigmatizing Discourses", "Discourses Targeting Mental Health", "Discourses That May Cause Negative Emotions", "Discourses Containing Misdescription". Newspaper items about mental disorders are represented as stigmatizing and misleading by using negative concepts. The sensitivity of media workers, the development of mental health policies and cooperation with mental health workers contribute to the recovery process of individuals with mental disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Populism’s increasing prominence in politics raises questions about its definition and usage. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative text analysis, this article addresses how populism is portrayed in the Portuguese press, its associations, and discrepancies with academic discourse. Over a ten-year period (2012-2021), this study examines two media outlets to assess populism’s presence in the press before Chega’s parliamentary entry. Populism is often tied to international figures, in opinion pieces, under a negative tone, and typically associated with ideological positioning. The haziness and conceptual imprecision of populism extend beyond academia halls, although the media is significantly aligned with scholarly definitions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reports on early results of a research project examining popular support for media freedoms in sub-Saharan Africa. Using data from the Afrobarometer surveys, as well as other sources, we specifically examine cross-national variation in support for media freedoms, seeking to account for the national-level factors that affect that variation. Our findings suggest the importance of two factors in particular. The first is the level of polarization in society. Using a novel measure of this factor, we find that higher levels of polarization are associated with lower levels of support for media freedoms. The second factor is the level of professionalism characterizing the media sector. We find that lower levels of media professionalism drive down support for media freedoms. Further research will explore these through the use of multilevel analysis that incorporates investigation of individual-level factors shaping support for media freedoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Political polarization surrounding the COVID-19 health crisis has been on the rise since the beginning of the pandemic. We combine prior research on motivated reasoning, selective exposure, and news framing to understand the association between partisan media use and social distancing behavior related to COVID-19. To do so, we collected media content data and national survey data during the onset of the pandemic. We employed structural topic modeling (STM), dependency parsing, word co-occurrence, and manual coding to examine the media coverage. Next, we analyzed survey data collected with a Qualtrics panel from a sample of U.S. residents for factors explaining social distancing behaviors. Results reveal coverage from the right leaning outlets downplayed the virus and highlighted the consequences of lockdowns on the economy. Our survey findings show that even after accounting for a range of demographic, political orientation, and COVID-19 awareness variables, conservative media use was linked, although modestly, with a lower likelihood of social distancing behavior. Our findings echo past research on media framing of pandemics and their association with public attitudes and behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People were confronted with a barrage of negative news during the COVID-19 crisis. This study investigated how anticipated psychological impact predicted decisions to read personalized and factual COVID-19 news. First, participants chose, based on headlines, whether they wanted to read news articles (or not). Then, all headlines were rated on a set of motivational dimensions. In order to test confirmatory hypotheses, the data were divided into an exploration (n = 398) and validation data set (n = 399). Using multilevel modeling, we found robust support for four preregistered hypotheses: Choice for negative COVID-19 news was positively predicted by (a) personal versus factual news; (b) the anticipated amount of knowledge acquisition; (c) the anticipated relevance to one's own personal situation; and (d) participant's sense of moral duty. Moreover, exploratory findings suggested a positive relationship between headline choice and anticipated compassion, a negative relationship with anticipated inappropriateness and gratitude, and a quadratic relationship with anticipated strength of feelings. These results support the idea that negative content offers informational value, both in terms of understanding negative events and in terms of preparing for these events. Furthermore, engagement with negative content can be motivated by moral values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mortality salience refers to a state of conscious awareness of death and the inevitable conclusion of life, associated with psychological terror. The COVID-19 pandemic generated increased awareness of illness and death, and effectuated changes in death cognitions and people's experiences around psychological or sociocognitive domains of media and life goals. To understand these changes, this study administered the Multidimensional Mortality Awareness Measure (Levasseur et al., 2015) to 103 emerging adults in India, post which 6 participants proceeded for a semi-structured interview exploring pandemic experiences, news consumption and goal prioritization, to examine specific areas in relation to death cognition. The thematic analysis demonstrates psychological effects, and discusses developments in health and death-related psychological processes. Focus on career goals and health maintenance, cautious news consumption and disadvantageous impacts on mental health are seen, significant in navigating healthcare measures for emerging adults, as we move forward into this 'new normal'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how news images of refugees in the context of the war in Ukraine mobilize intergroup relations. A visual rhetorical analysis is used to examine the rhetorical strategies employed in news images of Ukrainian refugees in a mainstream Finnish national newspaper from February 25 to May 31, 2022. The data consisted of 465 images. The study constructed four humanizing visual rhetorical strategies based on the visual expression in news images: maternalizing, fragilizing, agonizing, and activizing. The rhetorical strategies constructed four subject positions for Ukrainian refugees: vulnerable victims, innocent victims, suffering Ukrainians, and persistent/resilient Ukrainians. All rhetorical strategies implicitly communicated the subject position of evil to Russia. The paper contributes to the current knowledge of the humanization of refugees in media discourse and the potential of media images to mobilize intergroup relations. Methodologically, the paper elaborates visual rhetorical analysis as a means of social psychological study of refugee discourse in the context of war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How a health emergency is defined and presented through the news media matters for public understanding and health outcomes. Previous studies have endeavored to identify the patterns of news sourcing in crisis coverage, specifically the interplay between political sources and health expert sources, but yielded inconclusive results. This study analyses the types and roles of actors (those entities mentioned in a story) and sources cited in news coverage of COVID-19 by surveying social media posts published by 15 UK news outlets coverage across Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram between 1 January to December 31 2020. Overall, the findings show the prominence of political sources in UK news and that the most frequently named sources were representatives of the UK government. Moreover, when stories involved political actors, they were more likely to be given a voice as a source. This demonstrates how COVID-19 was a generalized crisis for the UK, which cascaded beyond health and into other economic, social, and cultural domains. The data show some variations in sourcing patterns between the different social media platforms. The analysis suggests that this may reflect the conventions of presenting news on each platform, with some tending toward the model of consensus by prioritizing political and government sources, and others contributing to a sphere of legitimate controversy by giving voice to a wider range of sources. This is distinctive and opens up the possibility for further research on how journalists adapt stories for social media and the consequences for public health communication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this work is to observe and analyze the way in which in the mid-20th century a part of Latin American Catholic religiosity was represented in the comics format. Through the indentification, Reading and analysis of the issues of the comic strips Vidas Ejemplares y Patronos y Santuarios, carried out jointly by the Buena Prensa publishing houses and the Editores-Impresores Novaro workshops around various personalities --religious and secular--, to virgins and holy places of Latin America, we want to explain the reasons for the production of a Project with these religious characteristics and that was distributed in several Latin American countries. In this sense, we want to show that more tan meaning a comercial bet behind the product, which undoubtedly existed, there was also an ideological reason for the reaffirmation of Latin catholicity between members of the Society of Jesus in Mexico and the director of the publishing house most successful in the production of comics or historietas in Latin America: the Editores-Impresores Novaro workshops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the interactions and public perceptions of Pierre Loti and Edmond Rostand, focusing on their social engagements, literary contributions, and the reception of their works. It delves into their unique relationship, particularly during their time in the Basque Country, and analyzes the media portrayal of these two iconic figures, highlighting instances of ridicule and infantilization in press coverage.

Media reporting greatly influences the civilians’ mentality, which further exacerbates or mitigates outbreaks of infectious diseases, prolongs or shortens the pandemic process. Adopting corpus linguistic methods and Discursive news values analysis (DNVA) framework, this study examined the news values through key words, naming strategies and photographs in monkeypox-themed news reporting in Spanish and the US media, to analyse how they constructed the monkeypox pandemic in their news reporting, sold it to the public and exacerbated the pandemic in the two societies. The results show that the Spanish media constructed the monkeypox pandemic predominantly as an international medical event, distancing the monkeypox pandemic from the Spanish indigenous context and depriving the domestic audiences from the sense of urgency to take prevention actions. On the other hand, the US media mainly packaged the monkeypox pandemic as a political event which isolated this public health crisis from the life of the common people and hindered the US citizens’ understanding of the requisite medical information about the monkeypox virus. It is concluded that the lack of indigenous focus of the Spanish media, and the excessively politicised focus of the US media are important factors that lead to the exacerbation of the monkeypox epidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This systematic review of more than 300 Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly (JMCQ) articles on media law since 1924 documents what a vital scholarly outlet the journal has been and continues to be for research on freedom of the press and speech. While defamation law remains a popular topic, journalism and mass communication scholars have expanded their focus to a wider range of media law issues, including privacy, copyright, student speech, journalistic privilege, free press v. fair trial, advertising, and issues involving other media. JMCQ has been refreshingly open to international and comparative law, moving away from a U.S.-centric approach to media freedom. The review highlights a decline in the number of media law articles published in recent years, possibly due to competition from alternative journals, manuscript length limitations, and the APA-style requirement. Nevertheless, media law scholarship remains essential, offering invaluable insights into the evolving legal landscape of media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the history of press freedom in India and its current state under right-wing nationalism. It highlights the regulatory controls placed on the press, such as the Press (Objectionable Matter) Act 1951, and the establishment of the Press Council of India. The article also explores the challenges faced by the press during the 1975 emergency, the rise of right-wing populism, and the impact of social media on media landscapes. It emphasizes the strategies used by the right-wing media to discredit mainstream media and suppress critical voices. The article concludes by discussing the threats faced by journalists and the decline of press freedom in India. [Extracted from the article]

This study aimed to examine the extent and nature of Australian news media coverage of commercial industry activities that explicitly speak to Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander contexts. We undertook content and framing analysis of Australian newspaper and online media articles published between January 2018 and March 2022 that included terms related to 'Indigenous', 'commercial' and 'health'. Analysis focused on the nature of coverage, framing of responsibility, patterns over time and stakeholder representation. Forty-six media articles were included in the analysis. Half of these articles related to the actions of three companies (Woolworths, WAM Clothing and Rio Tinto). Most articles described negative health and well-being impacts of commercial activity, while four described positive impacts. The most common voice represented in media articles was from industry (n = 25). Aboriginal or Torres Strait Islander voices were represented in 21 articles. This analysis highlights how commercial activities in Australia are reported to negatively influence Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander health and well-being, and that industry voices are more commonly represented in the media related to these issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the influence of media on stigma and public support for policy interventions that address opioid-related problems. Data from a survey of 997 U.S. adults indicate that media exposure to opioids and relevant topics significantly influenced stigma and support for punitive and public health-oriented policies, even after direct and indirect experiences with opioid misuse were controlled for. However, differences emerged in terms of what led people to endorse each type of policy intervention. When people attributed opioid misuse to individual-oriented causes after media exposure, they were more likely to support punitive policies. When people recognized pharmaceutical-oriented causes, they tended to support public health-related policies. In addition to causal attributions, emotions (fear, anger, and sympathy) served as mediators with different effects on stigma and policy support. Although exposure to opioid-related stories positively influenced all three emotions, media influence was most likely to elicit sympathy, which was negatively associated with social stigma. However, people who felt anger tended to stigmatize individuals with opioid use disorder and not to support either of the policy interventions. The overall findings suggest that communication efforts addressing the opioid situation should find frames that reduce social stigma and encourage support for public health-related policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to know the visual composition and content of the advertisements in the digital press of the Community of Madrid. For this purpose, a study of the online advertising of the four most read newspapers in this community is carried out, to study the origin of advertising, the formats and typology of the creatives, the sectors of activity advertised, the geographical nature and the discriminating power of online advertising. In conclusion, the online advertising of the digital press of the Community of Madrid is characterized by maintaining a classic nuance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Awareness and knowledge of aphasia amongst the general public and news items about aphasia remain limited. Written media is reportedly an important means of hearing about aphasia and encourages the public to donate to health-related charities. The extent and nature of the written media coverage of aphasia has been infrequently investigated. This study aims to investigate the quantity and nature of aphasia-related news items in the written media in 2019 in comparison to the years 1999 and 2009 and compared to news coverage of Parkinson's disease. Written news databases of English-language national and regional newspapers were searched for the terms "aphasia" and "dysphasia" for the year 2019. The results were compared to previous analyses for the years 1999 and 2009 and also to news items on Parkinson's disease. The number of news items on aphasia in 2019 has hardly changed from 2009 although personal stories were more frequently reported. About a third of items did not provide details of aphasia but inaccurate definitions had decreased since 2009. Recovery continues to be described as "complete" or "full", thereby fitting the typical illness narrative. Speech and language therapy involvement was rarely noted. Aphasia was reported in news items almost 69 times fewer than Parkinson's disease, despite similar prevalence. Despite the increasing focus both in research and health services on aphasia and its effects, there has been limited change in the written news coverage over the last two decades. This mirrors the recent survey showing no increase in public knowledge of aphasia over 16 years. Strategies, both small and local and large and far-reaching, are suggested to increase the written news media coverage (and thereby public knowledge) of aphasia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to determine the resolution of defamation disputes by the PRESS after the SKB of the ITE Law. This study uses normative legal research methods, which is focused on examining positive legal research related to the criminal act of press insult and / or defamation in Law Number 40 of 1999. The protection of press freedom in a democratic country is indeed important, especially in the rapid growth of the Indonesian press in the technological era. The history of press freedom from struggle to reform is reflected in Press Law No. 40/1999. The presence of the media must be based on the spirit of idealism, not just political or economic motivation. However, complaints related to the decline in the quality of journalists are increasingly common. The signature of the decree on June 23, 2021 by the Minister of Communication and Information, the Attorney General, and the Chief of National Police for guidelines for the implementation of the historic ITE Law, shows commitment in regulating the digital era. The decree is expected to help the public understand the rules amid challenges and discussions on the implementation of the ITE Law in the digital era. The conclusion obtained is that the Joint Decree provides guidance for the general public and media institutions, as a guideline for law enforcement in the Ministry of Communication and Information, the Attorney General's Office, and the National Police of the Republic of Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes descriptions of Ukrainian refugees in the aftermath of the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Findings of previous research on news media descriptions of refugees point to problematic descriptions of refugees that downgrade their deservingness of refuge and treat refugee status as an inherent feature of fleeing individuals instead of as contingent on external circumstances. However, there is a widespread perception that Ukrainian refugees are being reported on in a more positive light. We therefore examine how news media describe these refugees. Our corpus includes English media news coverage from February 25, 2022, to March 25, 2022, the initial period of the invasion. A discursive psychological analysis of news interactions where hosts elicit information from correspondents about current ongoings with Ukrainian refugees shows that Ukrainian refugees are constructed as vulnerable, and their actions are treated as reasonable given the situation. These descriptions construct Ukrainian refugees as those who are only contingently refugees and legitimate help‐giving by other parties. Our findings, therefore, highlight distinct, previously unanalyzed ways that refugees are constructed: contingent refugees. We discuss implications of our findings for understanding refugee inclusion and exclusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study sought to determine the extent to which the message or messenger is more important for news media portrayal of gun violence prevention. Exploratory analyses also examined factors related to Fox News and MSNBC credibility. Participants (N = 3,500) were US adults matched to the 2010 US Census on several demographic variables. Two mock headlines were presented: "Gun violence is result of mental health problems" and "Storing firearms in a safe can help prevent suicides." Headlines were reported to be from either Fox News or MSNBC. Participants then rated accuracy of the headline and credibility of the news source. Headline content did not predict perceived accuracy of the headline. Perceived credibility of the messenger was associated with perceived accuracy for both mock headlines. Exploratory analyses indicated several demographic factors related to Fox News and MSNBC credibility. Regardless of the content of a headline, the degree to which participants perceived it as accurate was associated with how credible they believed the source to be. These findings highlight the importance of credible media portrayal of accurate information on gun violence prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While scholars have long examined media bias, few studies have systematically examined how media represents health within American urban neighborhoods. Drawing on a qualitative analysis of 10 years of news articles of one Ohio neighborhood, the authors apply a social determinants of health (SDOH) lens to the coverage of one urban newspaper. The study's aim is to understand what a SDOH approach might tell us about local and ongoing coverage of historically challenged neighborhoods. Findings reinforce those of previous studies from health communication and media studies which document a disproportionate emphasis on crime, but also push the conversation further to show how the health aspects of housing and food instability, unemployment, and non-crime safety concerns, are often elided in news coverage. The authors argue that the SDOH lens affords journalists a framework for ensuring that their reporting adequately captures the drivers of poor health in American urban neighborhoods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lebanon's October 2019 uprising brought to the forefront women's rights, to the extent that various groups and media called it a women's uprising. This study questions the accuracy of media's portrayal of the protests as a women's uprising by investigating women's participation in the uprising. It analyzes data from a survey of media uses and participation in the protests and discusses feminist activists' observations regarding this media narrative. Findings revealed that men and women largely followed and trusted the same media platforms, and both were equally interested in the protests, but slightly more men than women participated in street protests. However, feminist activists relay a different picture of the uprising and its outcomes as related to women's rights. Overall, the media portrayal, while not entirely inaccurate, is problematic and does not transparently reflect the unfair reality of Lebanese women's subjugation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic testing (GT) for health purposes has grown exponentially in the past decade, with the ability to prescribe precision medicine regiments as well as preventative and preparatory actions. White and English-speaking populations have largely benefited from GT, leaving other groups, like Latinx populations, behind. Explanations for this disparity have cited a lack of awareness and knowledge of GT for health purposes but have generally only been studied in clinical settings. Mass and news media have virtually ignored this disparity. English-language news coverage of GT for health purposes has linked coverage to views of genetic determinism. Spanish-language news coverage of GT for health purposes has cited no published data, thus the current study is the first to characterize health-focused articles on GT from two U.S. Spanish-language news outlets, Telemundo and Univision. From March 2008 to August 2020, we identified only 49 published stories on health-focused stories on GT. Stories focused mostly on cancer and fertility types of GT and often did not attribute an author to the story. Spanish-language coverage is limited and may be contributing to the lack of knowledge of GT for health purposes. We offer potential future research opportunities in genomics from a mass media perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Declining levels of trust in the media in Western democracies have drawn the attention of political scientists, but much less attention has been paid to East Asia. This paper sets out to examine the logic behind media trust in three different types of regimes in East and Southeast Asia: countries with, partial, and no press freedom, respectively. Our findings show that while respondents' trust in government and support for socioideological control of the government have consistent and significant associations with their media trust across all 12 countries, Internet usage, online political participation, support for media censorship, and patriotic belief have different associations with the variable being studied as the degree of press freedom varies. The findings indicate that citizens are well aware of the role mass media plays in the political system and thus their trust in the media reflects the expectation‐perception gap of the government‐media relationship accordingly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We examine how local news monopolies affect misperceptions about the size of the immigrant population in Germany. We propose a theoretical framework in which het- erogeneous information from different local news outlets diffuses through social interactions. We posit that indirect exposure to information from multiple sources leads to more accurate beliefs in competitive markets. To causally identify the effect of local news monopolies on misperceptions, we exploit overlapping newspaper coverage areas as a source of exogenous variation in the number of available outlets. We estimate that local news monopolies increase misperceptions about the size of the local immigrant population by about four percentage points. We demonstrate that the effect of media monopolies hinges on social interactions. For individuals with fewer close social contacts, misperceptions remain unaffected by local news monopolies. Our results suggest that consolidation in the market for news decreases constituents' knowledge about critical policy issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La prensa en papel se ha visto afectada por la aparición de los medios digitales, por la bajada de audiencia, de venta de ejemplares y de ingresos publicitarios. Estos cambios han impactado en su modelo de negocio y perspectivas de futuro, dando si cabe un mayor poder a los ingresos procedentes de la venta de los espacios publicitarios. El objetivo principal de esta investigación es profundizar sobre los cambios que se han producido en los precios de los anuncios publicitarios de la prensa impresa en la última década (2013-2022) y analizar los futuros escenarios comerciales a los que se enfrenta el medio en los próximos años. Para ello, se ha empleado una metodología mixta. La parte cuantitativa se centra en el análisis de los precios de compra de los anuncios, mientras que la parte cualitativa se focaliza en las opiniones de los profesionales del sector que trabajan diariamente en la selección de los emplazamientos publicitarios para las marcas. Los resultados ponen de manifiesto un precio cada vez menor por el espacio publicitario en la prensa impresa, sobre todo en los diarios nacionales, a pesar de un aumento de las tarifas oficiales de los soportes. Asimismo, muestran un escenario comercial centrado en la especialización, la credibilidad y la seriedad del medio frente a la venta masiva de publicidad. Las conclusiones ponen de manifiesto las dificultades de la supervivencia del medio impreso con el sistema de financiación actual, pero les abre una vía para la realización de estrategias comerciales que refuercen las características que lo diferencian del online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines how public perception of threat and efficacy (on self and others) influence their tendency to take preventive action against the Zika virus by surveying 1,152 U.S. adults in Texas and Florida. Findings show that individuals were likely to take protective actions when they: (1) saw a high risk of the disease (high threat) and were confident about their ability to reduce the danger (high efficacy); and (2) perceived others as having a high risk (high threat), but lacked the ability to reduce the danger (low efficacy). Further, the study discusses practical implications for the design of public health campaigns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early care and education (ECE), or the care young children receive before entering formal schooling, can take multiple forms and is delivered in different settings, such as a center, church, or public school. Federal and state governments regularly fund ECE programs and policies through the Child Care and Development Block Grant Act (CCDBG). Many families, however, face significant challenges in access, cost, and quality of ECE programs, and ECE professionals report substantial challenges in the workplace (e.g., inadequate training) and beyond (e.g., low wages). Policies addressing issues related to ECE were proposed in 2021, but stalled on the U.S. federal policy agenda. In this study, we examine the ECE content of local television news coverage both for its representations of and for its potential influences on ECE policy agendas. We use data from local stations affiliated with the major networks (ABC, NBC, CBS, and FOX) in media markets across the U.S., airing before and during the pandemic. We analyze elements of coverage that could affect public recognition of ECE-related issues, including how problems were framed (e.g., news coverage highlighting scandals or adverse events at ECE facilities) and solutions identified (e.g., public policy). We find that during 2018 and 2019, more coverage highlighted scandalous activity than public policy. The reverse was true, however, during the early period of the pandemic (from mid-March through June of 2020). Researchers and health professionals were seldom included in stories in either sample, and very few stories offered context about the benefits of ECE for health and well-being. These coverage patterns have implications for the public's understanding of ECE policy and the perceived need for reform. Policymakers, advocates, and researchers looking to advance support for ECE should consider ways to use local television news to present health and policy-relevant information to broad segments of the public. Highlights: Local tv news coverage related to early care and education (ECE) inconsistently highlighted policy, a potential solution to issues of access, affordability, and quality faced by individuals and families. In 2018 and 2019, local tv news coverage of ECE frequently highlighted scandalous and adverse events occurring near or with staff from ECE facilities. Such coverage – focused on the individual problems associated with ECE - may lead viewers to question the safety and legitimacy of childcare offerings in their community and limit perceptions of systemic issues. During the first stage of the COVID-19 pandemic – March through June of 2020 – local tv news coverage of ECE frequently highlighted the policy response to COVID-19 and related provisions for early care and education. Researchers and advocates working to advance ECE-related policy should consider the opportunity to partner with local tv news to build awareness of the need for policy reform. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We all know more or less that this social and criminal phenomenon is happening near us. Sometimes we hear from the mass media, or from television, such as the 5 p.m. TV news, that a criminal group has trafficked teenage girls or young men whom they have convinced to go abroad for a job for a very well paid job....how much importance do we give to this news... here is a question that I don't know how many of us ask ourselves. But, when the information begins to come from narrower circles, for example, from the circle of friends of the son or daughter at home, only then do we start to worry, only then do we begin to realize how important it is to know this criminal and social phenomenon. in order to observe how aware we are of the devastating effects of this criminal social phenomenon, to observe how well known are the causes, the methods of manipulation, the ways of actually overcoming the traumas that occurred as a result of such experiences, we resorted to the realization of this study carried out in the city of Constanța, Dobrogea area. Is society sufficiently informed about human trafficking? Is society involved in reducing this phenomenon? Can there be further legislative improvements regarding human trafficking? Are the essential questions that have been the basis of the research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia's measles-rubella (MR) vaccination campaign faced public refusal due to religious objections. The government then lobbied the religious organization to issue a decree to permit the consumption of the MR vaccine, which would enhance public approval. Media outlets, including religious and mainstream media, played a crucial role in promoting the decree and the vaccine. Learning from this MR vaccination campaign in 2018, this study examined how the mainstream and alternative or religious media framed the MR vaccination and how it changed before and after the decree. A content analysis was performed on 234 news articles from Indonesian religious and mainstream media. Mainstream media positively framed MR vaccines, which were further amplified after the decree was issued. In contrast, religious media consistently depicted the opposing sides of the vaccine and its campaign. Both media types also predominantly cited the government and religious leaders in their articles. While the mainstream media agenda aligns with the national agenda to promote the MR vaccine, religious media still emphasizes the risk of the vaccine. The prevalence of religious leaders in alternative media also suggests that the public, including religious leaders, may not necessarily accept the decree. Hence, more effort should be devoted to encouraging the media and religious leaders to accept the vaccine, as they may act as opinion leaders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the foremost organ of the French satirical and illustrated press, the weekly Le Rire captivated a broad reading public in the final decade of the nineteenth century. At the crossroads of commercial entertainment and mass media, Le Rire sought to champion caricature and comic illustration as art forms worthy of serious merit and to make humor a powerful tool for political, cultural, and social commentary. This article aims to assess the periodical's impact in its time, and furthermore, contends that Le Rire was a determinative force in reshaping public mores toward comedy and satire, carrying the legacy of nineteenth-century developments in the history of French caricature into novel modes of expression and consumption at the turn of the twentieth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The news media has consistently promoted weight loss as a solution to the "obesity epidemic", despite research refuting the connection between fatness and health. In this paper, I examine the framing of weight loss in news articles during lockdown months of 2020, addressing whether healthist ideologies about weight loss persisted or declined during the pandemic. Most articles reflected a healthism lens, encouraging weight loss to achieve good health and to prevent COVID-19. However, some articles rejected weight loss or utilized a Health at Every Size perspective. This study has implications for research on body surveillance, neoliberalism, public health, and media reporting about weight loss and COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Transvaginal mesh (mesh) surgeries have been used to treat stress urinary incontinence (incontinence) and/or pelvic organ prolapse (prolapse). In Australia, as in many other countries, the harms caused by mesh eventually prompted individual and collective attempts to achieve redress. The rise of mesh surgery as a procedure, the experience of mesh‐affected women and the formal inquiries and legal actions that followed all occurred in social, cultural and discursive contexts. One strategy to understand these contexts is to track how the mesh and key actors in the mesh stories have been portrayed in mass media sources. We conducted a media analysis of the most highly read Australian newspapers and online news media platforms, focusing on how mesh and the interaction of stakeholders in mesh stories were presented to the Australian public. Method: We searched systematically in the top 10 most‐read print and online media outlets in Australia. We included all articles that mentioned mesh, from the date of first use of mesh in Australia to the date of our final search (1996–2021). Result: After early scant media reporting focusing on the benefits of mesh procedures, major Australian medicolegal processes created a hook to shift reporting about mesh. The news media then played a significant role in redressing women's experienced epistemic injustice, including by amplifying previously ignored evidence of harm. This created an opportunity for previously unreported suffering to be revealed to powerful actors, in settings beyond the immediate control and epistemic authority of healthcare stakeholders, validating women's testimony and creating new hermeneutic resources for understanding mesh. Over time, media reports show healthcare stakeholders responding sympathetically to these new understandings in public discourse, contrasting with their statements in earlier media coverage. Conclusion: We argue that mass media reporting, in synergy with medicolegal actions and the Australian Senate Inquiry, appears to have provided women with greater epistemic justice, giving their testimony privileged epistemic status such that it was considered by powerful actors. Although medical reporting is not recognised in the hierarchy of evidence embedded in the medical knowledge system, in this case, media reporting appears to have contributed to shaping medical knowledge in significant ways. Patient or Public Contribution: We used publicly available data, print and online media outlets, for our analysis. Therefore, this manuscript does not contain the direct contribution of patients, service users, caregivers, people with lived experience or members of the public. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Press representations of autism and autistic people both reflect and help shape public attitudes towards autism and neurodiversity and may establish critical barriers to social integration for autistic individuals. This study examined such representations in UK newspapers in the period 2011–2020 using a corpus-based approach. It also considered how press representations changed over time and differed with regard to reporting style (tabloids vs broadsheets) and political orientation (left- vs right-leaning). We created the Autism UK Press Corpus, which included all documents (~24K) referring to autism in 10 national newspapers. We used document counts (normalised by newspaper size) to assess the 'newsworthiness' of autism. We also employed a synergy of corpus-based and critical-discourse-analysis methodologies to study lexicogrammatical patterns and uncover explicit and implicit attitudes towards autism. Our results showed that the coverage of autism increased slightly over time, especially in broadsheets and left-leaning newspapers. Newspapers emphasised adversities associated with autism, often used negative language, and tended to focus on boys. These representations shifted gradually towards more difference-based descriptions and included more diverse age/gender groups, especially in broadsheets and left-leaning newspapers. We discuss the broad implications of these findings for the autism community and those interested in a more inclusive society. Any thriving society must recognise, accept and celebrate all of its diverse talent. But how accepting is British society towards autism and autistic people? This research addressed this question through the lens of the press since the press both reflects and helps shape public attitudes towards various social categories. We used specialised 'corpus-based' methods to carry out a large-scale study, which examined all articles referring to autism or autistic people in 10 national British newspapers in the period 2011–2020. We first investigated how often newspapers referred to autism. We found that the coverage of autism increased slightly over the years, suggesting that autism was becoming an increasingly newsworthy topic. Furthermore, the rise in autism coverage differed considerably between individual newspapers: it was more pronounced in the broadsheets than tabloids, and in left-leaning than right-leaning newspapers. But what was the focus of these articles? We found that newspapers emphasised the adversities associated with autism and portrayed autism with a lot of negative language. Newspapers also tended to focus on autistic children, and particularly on boys. There were some signs of change in more recent years, with some newspapers now representing autism as a difference and, in addition, referring to more diverse groups of autistic people. However, these changes tended to be confined to broadsheets and left-leaning newspapers. Our findings suggest that representations of autism in the contemporary British press are skewed towards stereotypically negative views, which may well hinder the acceptance of autism and the fostering of a more inclusive society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explored how national news media use and social media use were related to indirect experience of COVID-19 that was associated with higher personal risk perception. Based on a survey of 358 college students, we found that national news media use was unrelated to indirect experience, and its relationship to risk perception was limited to the societal level. Instagram use, in contrast, was related to indirect experience and in turn related to higher personal risk perception. However, without the mediating role of indirect experience, Instagram use was related to lower personal risk perception. Drawing upon these findings, we discuss the importance of social networks (i.e., individuals to whom people are connected in everyday life) in studies of risk perception. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Globally, adherence to COVID‐19 health and safety protocols played a crucial role in preventing the spread of the virus. Thus, this study analyzed online news articles reporting adherence to COVID‐19 health and safety protocols in the Philippines. Design: Manifest content analysis. Sample: News articles (n = 192) from three major online news portals in the Philippines. Measurement: Published online news articles were collected during the peak of the COVID‐19 pandemic (March 2020 to March 2021). Bengtsson's content analysis approach was used to analyze the data. Member‐checking and intercoder reliability validated the study's results. Results: Three main themes emerged: (a) adherence, (b) non‐adherence, and (c) partial adherence. The subthemes were labeled who, what, when, where, and why. The same behavior, social distancing, was the most adhered to and non‐adhered COVID‐19 health protocol. This protocol has the highest occurrences in political protest, religious‐related activities, and self‐initiated quarantine. Leisure activities both showed non‐adherence and partial adherence. Conclusions: Online news articles depicted Filipinos' adherence to health and safety protocols. Their adherence was primarily determined by one's group or community, social norms, and values. The government and its public health agencies should strengthen current efforts and continuously re‐evaluate existing policies to modify ineffective and confusing safety health protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present Meteor, a new inventory for European news sources (i.e. EU + UK, CH, NO, IL): https://wp3.opted.eu/. This inventory will facilitate researchers' efforts to select sources across platforms and gather related textual data. It contains the names of print and online news sources, social media accounts, news blogs, and alternative news media sources, as well as rich meta-information for each entry (e.g. language, audience size, topical focus, ownership structures, access to full-text archives, secondary data, related research). Meteor accounts for the fuzziness of hybrid media systems through an interlinked knowledge graph. Entries are submitted by researchers, validated, continuously updated, and openly accessible to the public. Our inventory allows users to find various European news sources based on a wide range of criteria, putting scholars in a better position to navigate the European media landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyses how international advocacy campaigns approach and define media freedom, and what influences this process. It does this through a two-year case study of the Media Freedom Coalition—an intergovernmental partnership of over 50 countries—that included 55 interviews with key stakeholders, observations, and document analysis. This revelatory case sheds light on how norms of media freedom are constructed and contested on the international stage, and their implications for journalists, media freedom and geo-politics. We show that the Coalition adopted a state-centric, accountability-focused, and negative understanding of media freedom. This discourse legitimized a narrow, reactive, and "resource-light" approach to supporting media freedom, focused on "other" countries. We argue that critical norm research provides a helpful prism for understanding this Coalition's operations, and the global politics of media freedom more generally. These findings have important implications for understandings of "norm entrepreneurship," "media imperialism," and "media freedom" itself. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present online intervention promoted family-based prosocial values—in terms of helping family members—among young adults to build resistance against fake news. This preregistered randomized controlled trial study is among the first psychological fake news interventions in Eastern Europe, where the free press is weak and state-sponsored misinformation runs riot in mainstream media. In this intervention, participants were endowed with an expert role and requested to write a letter to their digitally less competent relatives explaining six strategies that help fake news recognition. Compared to the active control group there was an immediate effect (d = 0.32) that persisted until the follow-up four weeks later (d = 0.22) on fake news accuracy ratings of the young, advice-giving participants. The intervention also reduced the bullshit receptivity of participants both immediately after the intervention and in the long run. The present work demonstrates the power of using relevant social bonds for motivating behavior change among Eastern European participants. Our prosocial approach with its robust grounding in human psychology might complement prior interventions in the fight against misinformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As artificial intelligence (AI) technologies become more ubiquitous for streamlining and optimizing work, they are entering fields representing organizational logics at odds with the efficiency logic of automation. One such field is journalism, an industry defined by a logic enacted through professional norms, practices, and values. This paper examines the experience of technologists developing and employing natural language generation (NLG) in news organizations, looking at how they situate themselves and their technology in relation to newswork. Drawing on institutional logics, a theoretical framework from organizational theory, we show how technologists shape their logic for building these emerging technologies based on a theory of rationalizing news organizations, a frame of optimizing newswork, and a narrative of news organizations misinterpreting the technology. Our interviews reveal technologists mitigating tensions with journalistic logic and newswork by labeling stories generated by their systems as nonjournalistic content, seeing their technology as a solution for improving journalism, enabling newswork to move away from routine tasks. We also find that as technologists interact with news organizations, they assimilate elements from journalistic logic beneficial for benchmarking their technology for more lucrative industries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The media maps are fundamental tools for the study and analysis of communication prosses in a region. In Hispano-American case the available examples are few and incomplete. The objective of this research is the construction of an unpublished current map of the dominance of the Hispano American Press, to this end, we methodologically resort to precise identification of media outlet based on a review of scientific publications in Communication journals indexed on Web of Science y Scopus. The research findings identified 2403 media outlets, from them, almost nine of ten are traditional, which means that the new digital native media still don't achieve academic visibility. The countries with more media are Argentina, Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador, and Chile. Even if the media map is consider as a partial approximation for the media chosen by the science community, product of its particular interest, it offers a successful approach by having some correlation with the socioeconomic indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

News bias has a detrimental impact on how the general public and specific individuals perceive the news information, resulting in a significant impact on Jordanian politics. Mainstream media sources continue to be the main sources of information about current events in Jordan, despite the internet's many advancements in the domains of communication. The widespread usage of news polarisation and the interference of the government through laws and policies are two additional reasons why it is regarded as good journalism in Jordan. Through a descriptive and comparative content analysis, this research applies theoretical fieldwork of communication and aims to comprehend and assess how the Al Hamzeh issue was framed in the Jordanian online news agencies, Al Ghad and Al Rai. The results of this study show that the official online news agency Al Rai gave more attention in its coverage of the Al Hamzeh issue than the independent online news Al Ghad. Al Ghad and Al Rai news pieces extensively implement the five different types of news frames in both their headlines and body copy. Additionally, the wording employed in the chosen news stories had a strong slant. The outcome regarding the independent news agency, Al Ghad, interpret contradiction anent news independence in Jordan. This study advances development of knowledge in the areas of press freedom, foreign policy, and communication. This study clarifies the understanding of Jordan's media landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Private hospitals, despite their enormous weight in the economy and society, have traditionally had little presence in the press. In the present study, we will analyse the impact of the creation of Xanit Hospital Internacional within the Malaga private hospital panorama in the local press. Objetive: To analyse whether such a relevant and significant event as the creation of the Xanit hospital has helped them to achieve a greater media presence. Methodology: We will analyse all the news about the 6 main private hospitals in the province of Malaga in the 3 most important newspapers in the province over a period of 5 years. Results: Private healthcare centres have increased their presence in the local press, with Xanit Hospital Internacional being the one with the highest number of press appearances, even though it is not the most important private hospital in the province. Conclusions: The repercussion of the hospitals in the local press is low, and with low impact news. However, the creation of Xanit has led to a slight increase in this trend. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the role of literacy concepts (information, news, media, and digital literacies), as an intervention strategy, in improving fake news knowledge, detection skills, and curtailing the tendency to share fake news among social media users. In doing so, this study used the inoculation theory and message interpretation process (MIP) theory to provide a useful explanation for literacy concept intervention. An experiment was carried out to test the effects of literacy intervention on the treatment group which were later compared with the results deduced from the control group who did not receive any intervention. It was found that participants in the experimental group demonstrated a higher knowledge of fake news, better ability to detect fake news and shared more accurate news articles, as compared to their counterparts who were in the control group. Implications for research and practice were discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our study examined the relationship between media portrayals of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement in hard and fake news in varying media modalities (print versus video) and participant attitudes toward African Americans. We also examined sociodemographic factors that may be related to susceptibility of fake news. Participants were primed with either hard or fake news (print or video) prior to completing the online questionnaire. Participants included 385 college students from a large southeastern public university. The findings revealed a direct effect of fake news on attitudes toward African Americans but only if the news was from a printed media modality. Hard news also had a positive impact on participant attitudes if from a printed media modality. These findings may help explain why information learned via fake news is persistent over time. Biological sex and political affiliation were associated with the impact of media priming on participants, with male and Republican participants being more susceptible to the effects of fake news. The results of this study should be helpful to those involved in policy making regarding social media and fake news and are timely considering that the BLM movement is growing stronger and the increase in fake news is ongoing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article compares the discursive construction of news values in English news reporting of China Daily and CNN about the COVID-19 vaccine, to reveal how the two media packaged the vaccine and improved the acceptance of the international community towards the vaccines made in the respective countries. Adopting corpus linguistic methods and Discursive news values analysis (DNVA) framework, this study examines news values through keywords, nomination strategies, and photographs. The results show that the two media outlets constructed the news value of Eliteness dominantly through a systematic combination of words and images, albeit in different ways. China Daily prominently consists of references to China's international communications in the production and application of the COVID-19 vaccine, at the same time packaging the COVID-19 vaccine as foreign aid to enhance diplomatic relations as well as protect and promote the order of the international community. In contrast, CNN chiefly demonstrates references to domestic medical experts and the well-known manufacturers of the COVID-19 vaccine, packaging the COVID-19 vaccine as the US' medical/commercial product. The respective ways in which they portray the COVID-19 vaccine have helped to bolster the acceptance of each country's vaccine by the international community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]