Author: "Pierre Gallian" / Topic: medicine - Searchworks@Jio Institute Digital Library Search Results

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1. Exploring cell-free assays for COVID-19 serosurvey

Author: Lucia Inchauste, Elif Nurtop, Nadège Brisbarre, Laetitia Ninove, Pierre Gallian, Xavier de Lamballerie, and Stéphane Priet
Subjects: Medicine, Science
Abstract: Abstract Serosurveys to monitor immunity toward COVID-19 in the population are primarily performed using an ELISA to screen samples for SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, followed by confirmation by a virus neutralization test, which is considered the Gold Standard. However, virus neutralization test may not be feasible for some laboratories because of the requirement for specific facilities and trained personnel. In an attempt to address this limitation, we evaluated three cell-free methods as potential alternatives for assessing SARS-CoV-2 seroprevalence in human population from plasma. We report the establishment of two inhibition ELISAs designed to detect anti-Spike RBD IgG antibodies and a microsphere quantitative suspension array technology assay, based on the Luminex xMAP platform, to measure the presence of antibodies against various SARS-CoV-2 antigens, including anti-RBD. These methods were also compared to a commercial chemiluminescent immunoassay designed for anti-RBD antibodies detection and to the combined ELISA + virus neutralization test strategy. These cell-free assays performed equally to estimate the percentage of positive and negative samples and could be used to determine the prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 antibodies in human population, at least in cohort with high-expected prevalence, without the use of seroneutralization assay.
Published: 2024
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2. Orthopoxvirus Seroprevalence and Infection Susceptibility in France, Bolivia, Laos, and Mali

Author: Léa Luciani, Nathanaël Lapidus, Abdennour Amroun, Alessandra Falchi, Chanthala Souksakhone, Mayfong Mayxay, Audrey Dubot-Pérès, Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel, Issa Diarra, Ousmane Koita, Pierre Gallian, and Xavier de Lamballerie
Subjects: Orthopoxvirus, vaccinia virus, cowpox virus, monkeypox virus, seroprevalence, sexually transmitted infections, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: To determine a demographic overview of orthopoxvirus seroprevalence, we tested blood samples collected during 2003–2019 from France (n = 4,876), Bolivia (n = 601), Laos (n = 657), and Mali (n = 255) for neutralizing antibodies against vaccinia virus. In addition, we tested 4,448 of the 4,876 samples from France for neutralizing antibodies against cowpox virus. We confirmed extensive cross-immunity between the 2 viruses. Seroprevalence of antibodies was
Published: 2022
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3. Inflammatory markers and auto-Abs to type I IFNs in COVID-19 convalescent plasma cohort studyResearch in context

Author: Fabrice Cognasse, Hind Hamzeh-Cognasse, Mickael Rosa, Delphine Corseaux, Brigitte Bonneaudeau, Chloe Pierre, Julie Huet, Charles Antoine Arthaud, Marie Ange Eyraud, Amélie Prier, Anne Claire Duchez, Theo Ebermeyer, Marco Heestermans, Estelle Audoux-Caire, Quentin Philippot, Tom Le Voyer, Olivier Hequet, Anne-Marie Fillet, Patricia Chavarin, Dominique Legrand, Pascale Richard, France Pirenne, Pierre Gallian, Jean Laurent Casanova, Sophie Susen, Pascal Morel, Karine Lacombe, Paul Bastard, and Pierre Tiberghien
Subjects: Transfusion, Endothelial cells, Convalescent plasma, COVID-19, Inflammation, Adverse events, Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Summary: Background: COVID-19 convalescent plasma (CCP) contains neutralising anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies that may be useful as COVID-19 passive immunotherapy in patients at risk of developing severe disease. Such plasma from convalescent patients may also have additional immune-modulatory properties when transfused to COVID-19 patients. Methods: CCP (n = 766) was compared to non-convalescent control plasma (n = 166) for soluble inflammatory markers, ex-vivo inflammatory bioactivity on endothelial cells, neutralising auto-Abs to type I IFNs and reported adverse events in the recipients. Findings: CCP exhibited a statistically significant increase in IL-6 and TNF-alpha levels (0.531 ± 0.04 vs 0.271 ± 0.04; (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.07371–0.4446; p = 0.0061) and 0.900 ± 0.07 vs 0.283 ± 0.07 pg/mL; (95% [CI], 0.3097–0.9202; p = 0.0000829) and lower IL-10 (0.731 ± 0.07 vs 1.22 ± 0.19 pg/mL; (95% [CI], −0.8180 to −0.1633; p = 0.0034) levels than control plasma. Neutralising auto-Abs against type I IFNs were detected in 14/766 (1.8%) CCPs and were not associated with reported adverse events when transfused. Inflammatory markers and bioactivity in CCP with or without auto-Abs, or in CCP whether or not linked to adverse events in transfused patients, did not differ to a statistically significant extent. Interpretation: Overall, CCP exhibited moderately increased inflammatory markers compared to the control plasma with no discernible differences in ex-vivo bioactivity. Auto-Abs to type I IFNs detected in a small fraction of CCP were not associated with reported adverse events or differences in inflammatory markers. Additional studies, including careful clinical evaluation of patients treated with CCP, are required in order to further define the clinical relevance of these findings. Funding: French National Blood Service—EFS, the Association “Les Amis de Rémi” Savigneux, France, the “Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale (Medical Research Foundation)–REACTing 2020”.
Published: 2023
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4. Risk for Hepatitis E Virus Transmission by Solvent/Detergent–Treated Plasma

Author: Pierre Gallian, Sébastien Lhomme, Pascal Morel, Sylvie Gross, Carole Mantovani, Lisette Hauser, Xavier Tinard, Elodie Pouchol, Rachid Djoudi, Azzedine Assal, Florence Abravanel, Jacques Izopet, and Pierre Tiberghien
Subjects: hepatitis E virus, HEV, viruses, transmission, solvent/detergent–treated plasma, plasma, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Hepatitis E has emerged as a major transfusion-transmitted infectious risk. Two recipients of plasma from 2 lots (A and B) of pooled solvent/detergent–treated plasma were found to be infected by hepatitis E virus (HEV) that was determined to have been transmitted by the solvent/detergent–treated plasma. HEV RNA viral loads were 433 IU in lot A and 55 IU in lot B. Retrospective studies found that 100% (13/13) of evaluable lot A recipients versus 18% (3/17) of evaluable lot B recipients had been infected by HEV (p50,000 IU were infected, most likely by the HEV-containing solvent/detergent–treated plasma, versus only 7% with a transfused HEV RNA load
Published: 2020
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5. Zika Virus Circulation in Mali

Author: Issa Diarra, Elif Nurtop, Abdoul Karim Sangaré, Issaka Sagara, Boris Pastorino, Souleymane Sacko, Amatigué Zeguimé, Drissa Coulibaly, Bakary Fofana, Pierre Gallian, Stephane Priet, Jan Felix Drexler, Anna-Bella Failloux, Abdoulaye Dabo, Mahamadou Ali Thera, Abdoulaye Djimdé, Bourèma Kouriba, Simon Cauchemez, Xavier de Lamballerie, Nathanaël Hozé, and Ogobara K. Doumbo
Subjects: Zika virus, seroprevalence, Mali, viruses, arbovirus, vector-borne infections, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: The circulation of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Mali has not been clearly characterized. Therefore, we conducted a serologic survey of 793 asymptomatic volunteers >15 years of age (2016), and 637 blood donors (2013) to assess the seroprevalence of ZIKV infection in 2 ecoclimatic regions of Mali, tropical savannah and warm semiarid region, using ELISA and seroneutralization assays. The overall seroprevalence was ≈12% and increased with age, with no statistical difference between male and female participants. In the warm semiarid study sites we detected immunological markers of an outbreak that occurred in the late 1990s in 18% (95% CI 13%–23%) of participants. In tropical savannah sites, we estimated a low rate of endemic transmission, with 2.5% (95% CI 2.0%–3.1%) of population infected by ZIKV annually. These data demonstrate the circulation of ZIKV in Mali and provide evidence of a previously unidentified outbreak that occurred in the late 1990s.
Published: 2020
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6. Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients, France

Author: Sebastien Lhomme, Laurent Bardiaux, Florence Abravanel, Pierre Gallian, Nassim Kamar, and Jacques Izopet
Subjects: hepatitis E, blood transfusion, solid organ transplant patients, hepatitis E virus, viruses, France, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: The rate of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E virus (HEV) in transplant recipients is unknown. We identified 60 HEV-positive solid organ transplant patients and retrospectively assessed their blood transfusions for HEV. Seven of 60 patients received transfusions; 3 received HEV-positive blood products. Transfusion is not the major route of infection in this population.
Published: 2017
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7. Hepatitis E Virus Infections in Blood Donors, France

Author: Pierre Gallian, Sébastien Lhomme, Yves Piquet, Karine Sauné, Florence Abravanel, Azzedine Assal, Pierre Tiberghien, and Jacques Izopet
Subjects: hepatitis E, hepatitis E virus, HEV, viruses, HEV RNA, viremia, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: We screened plasma samples (minipools of 96 samples, corresponding to 53,234 blood donations) from France that had been processed with solvent–detergent for hepatitis E virus RNA. The detection rate was 1 HEV-positive sample/2,218 blood donations. Most samples (22/24) from viremic donors were negative for IgG and IgM against HEV.
Published: 2014
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8. Emergence of Toscana Virus in Europe

Author: Rémi N. Charrel, Pierre Gallian, José-María Navarro-Marí, Loredana Nicoletti, Anna Papa, Mária Paz Sánchez-Seco, Antonio Tenorio, and Xavier de Lamballerie
Subjects: Toscana virus, phlebovirus, emergence, Europe, meningitis, perspective, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: Toscana virus (TOSV) is an arthropodborne virus first identified in 1971 from the sandfly Phlebotomus perniciosus in central Italy. Many case reports in travelers and clinical research and epidemiologic studies conducted around the Mediterranean region have shown that TOSV has a tropism for the central nervous system (CNS) and is a major cause of meningitis and encephalitis in countries in which it circulates. In central Italy, TOSV is the most frequent cause of meningitis from May to October, far exceeding enteroviruses. In other northern Mediterranean countries, TOSV is among the 3 most prevalent viruses associated with meningitis during the warm seasons. Therefore, TOSV must be considered an emerging pathogen. Here, we review the epidemiology of TOSV in Europe and determine questions that should be addressed in future studies. Despite increasing evidence of its major role in medicine as an emerging cause of CNS infections, TOSV remains an unstudied pathogen, and few physicians are aware of its potential to cause CNS infections.
Published: 2005
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9. Seroprevalence of Toscana Virus in Blood Donors, France, 2007

Author: Nadège Brisbarre, Houssam Attoui, Pierre Gallian, Paola Di Bonito, Colomba Giorgi, Jean-Francois Cantaloube, Philippe Biagini, Mhammed Touinssi, Francois Jordier, and Philippe de Micco
Subjects: Viruses, Toscana virus, blood donors, France, sandflies, vector-borne infections, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Published: 2011
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10. Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Sheltered Homeless Persons, France

Author: Mamadou Kaba, Philippe Brouqui, Hervé Richet, Sekené Badiaga, Pierre Gallian, Didier Raoult, and Philippe Colson
Subjects: Hepatitis E virus, homeless persons, HEV transmission, autochthonous hepatitis, injection drug use, France, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract: To determine the prevalence of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection among sheltered homeless persons in Marseille, France, we retrospectively tested 490 such persons. A total of 11.6% had immunoglobulin (Ig) G and 2.5% had IgM against HEV; 1 person had HEV genotype 3f. Injection drug use was associated with IgG against HEV.
Published: 2010
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11. Parvovirus 4 in Blood Donors, France

Author: Mhammed Touinssi, Nadège Brisbarre, Christophe Picard, Coralie Frassati, Bertrand Dussol, Rathviro Uch, Pierre Gallian, Jean-François Cantaloube, Philippe de Micco, and Philippe Biagini
Subjects: PARV4, Parvovirus 4, blood donors, viruses, France, letter, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Published: 2010
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12. Human Parvovirus 4 in Kidney Transplant Patients, France

Author: Philippe Biagini, Bertrand Dussol, Mhammed Touinssi, Philippe Brunet, Christophe Picard, Valérie Moal, Mourad Belhouchet, Pierre Gallian, Jean-François Cantaloube, Houssam Attoui, Yvon Berland, and Philippe de Micco
Subjects: PARV4, blood, transplant, kidney, hemodialysis, blood donors, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Published: 2008
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13. Transfusion-associated Hepatitis E, France

Author: Philippe Colson, Carole Coze, Pierre Gallian, Mireille Henry, Philippe de Micco, and Catherine Tamalet
Subjects: hepatitis E virus, transfusion, nosocomial infection, HEV RNA, immunosuppressive therapy, letter, Medicine, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Published: 2007
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14. Convalescent plasma therapy for B-cell–depleted patients with protracted COVID-19

Author: Stanislas Faguer, Pierre Tiberghien, Etienne Crickx, Fanny Pommeret, David Veyer, Claire Rouzaud, Fabrice Camou, Olivier Hermine, Elie Azoulay, Pierre Gallian, Cécile Pouderoux, Deborah Eshagh, Jonathan London, Fatiha Merabet, Philippe Petua, David Boutboul, Laure Anne Raillon, Valérie Zeller, Hélène Péré, Benjamin Planquette, Jérôme Pacanowski, Adrien Joseph, Marc Michel, Martin Martinot, Matthieu Mahévas, Lucienne Chatenoud, Karine Lacombe, Anne Lise Beaumont, David Ghez, Amani Ouedrani, Tali Anne Szwebel, Arsène Mekinian, Florence Ader, Thomas Hueso, Marc Garnier, and Sébastien Clerc
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Clinical Trials and Observations, Immunology, Pneumonia, Viral, Context (language use), 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Biochemistry, Immunoglobulin G, Serology, 03 medical and health sciences, Betacoronavirus, 0302 clinical medicine, Agammaglobulinemia, medicine, Humans, Adverse effect, Pandemics, COVID-19 Serotherapy, Autoimmune disease, B-Lymphocytes, biology, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Brief Report, Bacterial pneumonia, Immunization, Passive, COVID-19, Cell Biology, Hematology, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, Pneumonia, 030104 developmental biology, biology.protein, Antibody, business, Coronavirus Infections
Abstract: There is a Blood Commentary on this article in this issue., Key Points As a proof of concept, COVID-19 convalescent plasma represents an interesting approach in B-cell–depleted patients with protracted COVID-19.COVID-19 convalescent plasma induces a decrease in temperature and inflammatory parameters within 1 week associated with oxygen weaning., Anti-CD20 monoclonal antibodies are widely used for the treatment of hematological malignancies or autoimmune disease but may be responsible for a secondary humoral deficiency. In the context of COVID-19 infection, this may prevent the elicitation of a specific SARS-CoV-2 antibody response. We report a series of 17 consecutive patients with profound B-cell lymphopenia and prolonged COVID-19 symptoms, negative immunoglobulin G (IgG)-IgM SARS-CoV-2 serology, and positive RNAemia measured by digital polymerase chain reaction who were treated with 4 units of COVID-19 convalescent plasma. Within 48 hours of transfusion, all but 1 patient experienced an improvement of clinical symptoms. The inflammatory syndrome abated within a week. Only 1 patient who needed mechanical ventilation for severe COVID-19 disease died of bacterial pneumonia. SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia decreased to below the sensitivity threshold in all 9 evaluated patients. In 3 patients, virus-specific T-cell responses were analyzed using T-cell enzyme-linked immunospot assay before convalescent plasma transfusion. All showed a maintained SARS-CoV-2 T-cell response and poor cross-response to other coronaviruses. No adverse event was reported. Convalescent plasma with anti–SARS-CoV-2 antibodies appears to be a very promising approach in the context of protracted COVID-19 symptoms in patients unable to mount a specific humoral response to SARS-CoV-2., Visual Abstract
Published: 2020

15. Zika Virus Circulation in Mali

Author: Abdoulaye Dabo, Simon Cauchemez, Souleymane Sacko, Bourema Kouriba, Abdoulaye Djimde, Jan Felix Drexler, Anna-Bella Failloux, Pierre Gallian, Abdoul Karim Sangaré, Ogobara K. Doumbo, Issa Diarra, Drissa Coulibaly, Amatigue Zeguime, Xavier de Lamballerie, Nathanaël Hozé, Elif Nurtop, Bakary Fofana, Boris Pastorino, Stéphane Priet, Issaka Sagara, Mahamadou Ali Thera, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Malaria Research and Training Center [Bamako, Mali], Université de Bamako, Ministère de la Santé et des Affaires Sociales du Mali [Bamako, Mali], Université des Sciences, des Techniques et des Technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, German Center for Infection Research, Partnersite Munich (DZIF), Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs - Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), BUISINE, Soline, Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université des sciences, des techniques et des technologies de Bamako (USTTB), Institut Pasteur [Paris], and Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), Male, Epidemiology, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, vector-borne infections, lcsh:Medicine, Blood Donors, Zika Virus Circulation in Mali, Mali, Asymptomatic, Arbovirus, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, Zika virus, Serology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Seroepidemiologic Studies, medicine, Seroprevalence, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, viruses, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, mosquitoes, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, education.field_of_study, biology, seroprevalence, Transmission (medicine), Zika Virus Infection, Research, lcsh:R, Outbreak, Zika Virus, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, arbovirus, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Female, medicine.symptom
Abstract: International audience; The circulation of Zika virus (ZIKV) in Mali has not been clearly characterized. Therefore, we conducted a serologic survey of 793 asymptomatic volunteers >15 years of age (2016), and 637 blood donors (2013) to assess the seroprevalence of ZIKV infection in 2 ecoclimatic regions of Mali, tropical savannah and warm semiarid region, using ELISA and seroneutralization assays. The overall seroprevalence was ≈12% and increased with age, with no statistical difference between male and female participants. In the warm semiarid study sites we detected immunological markers of an outbreak that occurred in the late 1990s in 18% (95% CI 13%-23%) of participants. In tropical savannah sites, we estimated a low rate of endemic transmission, with 2.5% (95% CI 2.0%-3.1%) of population infected by ZIKV annually. These data demonstrate the circulation of ZIKV in Mali and provide evidence of a previously unidentified outbreak that occurred in the late 1990s.
Published: 2020

16. International Forum on the Collection and Use of COVID‐19 Convalescent Plasma: Responses

Author: Richard Gammon, Pierre Gallian, J. N. S. Leung, David J. Roberts, Karin van den Berg, James Daly, Robby Nur Aditya, Michel Toungouz Nevessignsky, Rekha Hans, Paula Verónica Cini, Pierre Tiberghien, Levent Sagdur, Nil Banu Pelit, Gopal Kumar Patidar, Nancy M. Dunbar, Eilat Shinar, Ivan Hung, Carlos Alberto Gonzalez, Richard Schäfer, Rita A. Reik, Hua Xu, Ru Yang, Khuloud Al Maamari, Salwa Hindawi, Naomi Rahimi-Levene, Patricia Scuracchio, Rahul Chaurasia, Sinyoung Kim, Marion Vermeulen, Hans Vrielink, Lise Sofie H. Nissen-Meyer, Mark H. Yazer, Melissa Lopez, Jarkko Ihalainen, Silvano Wendel, Vincenzo De Angelis, Pampee P. Young, Ratti Ram Sharma, Cynthia So-Osman, Antti Vierikko, Hem Chandra Pandey, Ai Leen Ang, Yan Qiu, Angelo Ostuni, Renée Bazin, Cheuk-Kwong Lee, Giuseppe Marano, Zaid Al-Hinai, Roberta Fachini, Pascal Morel, Marina Izak, Lise J Estcourt, Pierluigi Berti, Tanya Nadia Glatt, David Martin Ferrari, Thierry Burnouf, Veronica C. Hoad, Maha A. Badawi, Levent Tufan Kumaş, Magdy El Ekiaby, Vernon J. Louw, Darrell J. Triulzi, Arwa Z. Al-Riyami, Divjot Singh Lamba, Suchet Sachdev, Kiat Hoe Ong, Dana V. Devine, Sheila Maclennan, and Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille)
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Convalescent plasma, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Hematology, General Medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Virology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Medicine, International Forum, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

17. A Report of Zika Virus Seroprevalence in Republic of the Congo

Author: Jan Felix Drexler, Xavier de Lamballerie, Laetitia Ninove, Stéphane Priet, Pierre Gallian, Yannick Dimi, Amelia Dzia-Lepfoundzou, Nanikaly Moyen, Elif Nurtop, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine, Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Centre, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Établissement Français du Sang Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS Alpes-Méditerranée), Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Centre National de Transfusion Sanguine [Brazzaville, Congo] (CNTS), Institute of Virology [Berlin, Germany] (Charité), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, BUISINE, Soline, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU AMU), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Blood Donors, Antibodies, Viral, Microbiology, Arbovirus, Virus, Zika virus, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Virology, Epidemiology, medicine, Humans, Seroprevalence, education, [SDV.MP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, education.field_of_study, biology, Zika Virus Infection, Transmission (medicine), Outbreak, 030108 mycology & parasitology, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, Infectious Diseases, Congo, History, 16th Century, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Africa, Female, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, seroepidemiology, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology
Abstract: International audience; Zika virus (ZIKV) is an arthropod-borne RNA virus (arbovirus), belonging to the Spondweni serogroup. ZIKV was first described in Africa in 1947 and remained sporadic until Micronesia outbreak in 2007, which was followed by outbreaks in the Pacific Islands, Latin America, and the Caribbean. Subsequent to the epidemics, ZIKV revealed its severity as virus was sexually transmissible, and it was associated with serious fetal and neurological complications. ZIKV originated from Africa; however, little is known about the epidemiology of the virus in African populations. Following a recent study in Cameroon that evidenced low ZIKV epidemiology associated with a presumptive (peri-)sylvatic transmission, we performed a seroepidemiological study in Republic of the Congo, neighbor of Cameroon. To accomplish this, 386 serum specimens from volunteer blood donors collected in 2011 from rural and urban areas of Republic of the Congo were tested with ZIKV-specific methodology; primary screening with anti-NS1 ZIKV IgG ELISA followed by confirmation with cytopathic effect (CPE)-based virus neutralization test (VNT). ZIKV seropositivity was determined as low as 1.8%, varying slightly between urban and rural areas (1.7% and 3.6%). These results demonstrate that the majority of the population of Republic of the Congo is immunologically naïve against ZIKV with a presumptive (peri-)sylvatic transmission cycle, which emphasizes the importance of surveillance studies in Africa.
Published: 2020

18. Transfusion-Transmitted Hepatitis E Virus Infection in France

Author: Jacques Izopet, Elodie Pouchol, Sylvie Gross, Vincent Mallet, Anne-Marie Roque-Afonso, Nassim Kamar, Sébastien Lhomme, Rachid Djoudi, Azzedine Assal, Philippe Bierling, Lina Mouna, Pierre Gallian, Pierre Tiberghien, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Laboratoire Virologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Virologie [Villejuif], Hôpital Paul Brousse, Etablissement Français du Sang [Créteil], Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine [Bordeaux] (EFS Bordeaux Nouvelle Aquitaine), Département de Néphrologie et Transplantation d'organes [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Urologie - Néphrologie - Dialyse - Transplantations - Brûlés - Chirurgie plastique - Explorations fonctionnelles et physiologiques [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université Paris Descartes, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Physiopathologie du système immunitaire (Inserm U1223), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Service d'hépatologie médicale [CHU Cochin], Hôpital Cochin [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS BFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Ecole des Ingénieurs de la Ville de Paris, Réponses cellulaires aux microorganismes pathogènes, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de médecine moléculaire de Rangueil (I2MR), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-IFR150-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and CCSD, Accord Elsevier
Subjects: Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], medicine.medical_treatment, Clinical Biochemistry, MESH: Blood Donors / statistics & numerical data, Blood Donors, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease_cause, Severity of Illness Index, Gastroenterology, Organ transplantation, chemistry.chemical_compound, MESH: Aged, 80 and over, 0302 clinical medicine, Hepatitis E virus, Risk Factors, MESH: Risk Factors, MESH: Child, Transfusion transmitted infection, Child, MESH: Blood Safety / statistics & numerical data, Whole blood, Aged, 80 and over, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, MESH: France / epidemiology, MESH: Middle Aged, Immunosuppression, Hematology, Middle Aged, Hepatitis E, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], MESH: Transfusion Reaction / diagnosis, Immunosuppressive drug, MESH: Young Adult, Acute Disease, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, MESH: Acute Disease, Female, France, Transfusion-transmitted infection, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, Blood Safety, MESH: Hepatitis E / diagnosis, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Severity of Illness Index, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Aged, Retrospective Studies, MESH: Adolescent, MESH: Hepatitis E / epidemiology, MESH: Humans, business.industry, MESH: Chronic Disease, MESH: Hepatitis E / transmission, Ribavirin, MESH: Transfusion Reaction / epidemiology, Biochemistry (medical), Transfusion Reaction, MESH: Adult, MESH: Retrospective Studies, medicine.disease, MESH: Male, chemistry, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Chronic Disease, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, MESH: Female, 030215 immunology
Abstract: International audience; There is growing concern regarding the risk of transfusion- transmitted (TT) hepatitis E. Since the first described case in 2006, several TT hepatitis E have been reported to the French hemovigilance network. We performed a retrospective analysis of all cases of TT hepatitis E reported between 2006 and 2016. Transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E with high imputability according to phylogenetic analysis occurred in 23 patients aged 8 to 88 years and involved mostly solid organ recipients (n = 9) or patients with malignant hematological diseases (n = 9, including 4 hematopoietic allograft recipients). Involved blood products were plasma (n = 7), among which 6 had undergone pathogen reduction with solvent/detergent (n = 4) or amotosalen + ultra-violet A (UVA) (n = 2 from 1 donation) treatments, red blood concentrates (n = 7), apheresis platelets concentrates (n = 3) and whole blood pooled platelets concentrates (n = 6), among which one had underwent amotosalen + UVA treatment. Median hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA dose infused was 5.79 [4.36-10.10] log IU. HEV infection progressed to chronic hepatitis E in 14 (61%) immunocompromised patients, 2 of whom had advanced liver fibrosis at diagnosis. Chronic hepatitis E patients cleared HEV with ribavirin treatment (n = 10), after immunosuppressive drug reduction (n = 3), or spontaneously (n = 1). One additional organ transplant recipient with associated co-morbidities died with ongoing HEV infection and multiple organ failure. The other 8 (34.8%) patients with TT hepatitis E cleared HEV within 6 months with ribavirin treatment (n = 3), reduced immunosuppression (n = 1) or spontaneously (n = 4). Red cells, platelets, and plasma transfusions may be associated with TT hepatitis E that can evolve to chronic hepatitis E in immunocompromised patients. Hepatitis E virus has emerged in France as a clinically significant TT infection risk.
Published: 2019

19. Cluster of COVID-19 in northern France: A retrospective closed cohort study

Author: Nathalie Jolly, Christèle Huon, Laura Tondeur, Bernadette Crescenzo, Sarah Temmam, Sandie Munier, Camille Besombes, Isabelle Staropoli, Timothée Bruel, Isabelle Cailleau, Rebecca Grant, Pierre Gallian, Simon Cauchemez, Marie-Noëlle Ungeheuer, Yoann Madec, Sylvie van der Werf, Bruno Hoen, Ludivine Grzelak, Marc Eloit, Sandrine Fernandes Pellerin, Olivier Schwartz, Caroline Demeret, Kuang-Yu Chen, Arnaud Fontanet, Lucie Kuhmel, Epidémiologie des Maladies Emergentes - Emerging Diseases Epidemiology, Pasteur-Cnam Risques infectieux et émergents (PACRI), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM)-HESAM Université - Communauté d'universités et d'établissements Hautes écoles Sorbonne Arts et métiers université (HESAM), Sorbonne Université (SU), Centre de Recherche Translationnelle - Center for Translational Science (CRT), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Investigation Clinique et d’Accès aux Ressources Biologiques (Plate-forme) - Clinical Investigation and Access to BioResources (ICAReB), Direction de la recherche médicale de l'Institut Pasteur, Centre Médical de l'Institut Pasteur (CMIP), Découverte de pathogènes – Pathogen discovery, Biologie des ARN et virus influenza - RNA Biology of Influenza Virus, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génétique Moléculaire des Virus à ARN - Molecular Genetics of RNA Viruses (GMV-ARN (UMR_3569 / U-Pasteur_2)), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity (CNRS-UMR3569), Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, École nationale vétérinaire - Alfort (ENVA), Funding: Institut Pasteur, CNRS, Université de Paris, Santé publique France, Labex IBEID (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), REACTing, EU grant Recover, INCEPTION project (PIA/ANR-16-CONV-0005)., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), European Project: 101003589, H2020-SC1-PHE-CORONAVIRUS-2020,RECOVER(2020), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers [CNAM] (CNAM), Institut Pasteur [Paris], Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Université de Paris (UP), Virus et Immunité - Virus and immunity, Université de Paris (UP), École nationale vétérinaire d'Alfort (ENVA), demeret, caroline, Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID, Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs - - INCEPTION2016 - ANR-16-CONV-0005 - CONV - VALID, Rapid European COVID-19 Emergency Response research - RECOVER - - H2020-SC1-PHE-CORONAVIRUS-20202020-02-14 - 2022-02-13 - 101003589 - VALID, Centre Médical de l'Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), and Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, medicine.medical_specialty, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Attack rate, Ageusia, Disease cluster, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, Herd immunity, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Internal medicine, Case fatality rate, medicine, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, 030212 general & internal medicine, medicine.symptom, business, 030304 developmental biology, Cohort study
Abstract: SummaryBackgroundThe Oise department in France has been heavily affected by COVID-19 in early 2020.MethodsBetween 30 March and 4 April 2020, we conducted a retrospective closed cohort study among pupils, their parents and siblings, as well as teachers and non-teaching staff of a high-school located in Oise. Participants completed a questionnaire that covered history of fever and/or respiratory symptoms since 13 January 2020 and had blood tested for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The infection attack rate (IAR) was defined as the proportion of participants with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection based on antibody detection. Blood samples from two blood donor centres collected between 23 and 27 March 2020 in the Oise department were also tested for presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies.FindingsOf the 661 participants (median age: 37 years), 171 participants had anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The overall IAR was 25.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 22.6-29.4), and the infection fatality rate was 0% (one-sided 97.5% CI = 0 - 2.1). Nine of the ten participants hospitalised since mid-January were in the infected group, giving a hospitalisation rate of 5.3% (95% CI = 2.4 –9.8). Anosmia and ageusia had high positive predictive values for SARS-CoV-2 infection (84.7% and 88.1%, respectively). Smokers had a lower IAR compared to non-smokers (7.2% versus 28.0%, P InterpretationThe relatively low IAR observed in an area where SARS-CoV-2 actively circulated weeks before confinement measures indicates that establishing herd immunity will take time, and that lifting these measures in France will be long and complex.FundingInstitut Pasteur, CNRS, Université de Paris, Santé publique France, Labex IBEID (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), REACTing, EU grant Recover, INCEPTION project (PIA/ANR-16-CONV-0005).Research in contextEvidence before the studyThe first COVID-19 cases in France were reported on 24 January 2020. Substantial transmission has occurred since then, with the Oise department, north of Paris, one of the heaviest affected areas in the early stages of the epidemic in France. As of 13 April 2020, 98,076 cases had been diagnosed in France, including 5,379 deaths.Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with COVID-19 have been widely reported, but this has largely been centred on cases requiring medical care. What remains unclear at this stage is the extent to which SARS-CoV-2 infections may be asymptomatic or present as subclinical, non-specific symptoms. While extensive contact tracing has identified asymptomatic infections using RT-PCR testing, serologic detection of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies is needed to determine the real infection attack rate and the proportion of all infections that are asymptomatic or subclinical.Added value of this studyUsing a combination of serologic assays with high sensitivity and specificity for anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, we conducted a retrospective closed cohort study. In a high school linked to a cluster of COVID-19 in the Oise department, we showed an overall infection attack rate (IAR) of 40.9% in the high school group, and 10.9% in parents and siblings of the pupils. The proportion of infected individuals who had no symptoms during the study period was 17.0%.Implications of all of the available evidenceThe relatively low IAR in this area where SARS-CoV-2 actively circulated before confinement measures were introduced indicates that establishing herd immunity will take time, and that the lifting of these measures in France will be long and complex.
Published: 2021

20. Preventing transfusion-transmitted malaria in France

Author: Claude Maugard, Pierre Tiberghien, Pascal Morel, Sandrine Houzé, Valérie Barlet, Céline Narboux, Pierre Gallian, Olivier Garraud, Sophie Le Cam, Etablissement Français du Sang Provence-Alpes Côte-d'Azur et Corse (EFS), and Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille)
Subjects: Transfusion transmitted malaria, medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, MEDLINE, Hematology, General Medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Malaria, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Blood Transfusion, France, Intensive care medicine, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2021

21. SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody testing in Europe: towards harmonisation of neutralising antibody titres for better use of convalescent plasma and comparability of trial data

Author: Marieke Hoogerwerf, Pierre Gallian, C. Ellen van der Schoot, Joaquin Mendoza, Salvador Oyonarte, Ria Lassaunière, Maurice Steenhuis, Fiona Brouwer, Hubert Schrezenmeier, Anders Fomsgaard, Piet Maes, Nadège Brisbarre, Johan Reimerink, Marta Romano, Mutien Garigliany, Abdennour Amroun, Isabelle Leparc Goffart, Hendrik B. Feys, Katarina Resman Rus, Chantal Reusken, Dung Nguyen, Daniel Desmecht, Bram Van Holm, Tatjana Avšič-Županc, Eva Zusinaite, Sophie Le Cam, Peter Simmonds, Heli Harvala, Elise Wouters, Gunnveig Grødeland, Christophe Martinaud, Cyril Barbezange, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Landsteiner Laboratory, and AII - Inflammatory diseases
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, 2019-20 coronavirus outbreak, Convalescent plasma, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Epidemiology, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Neutralising antibody, standardisation, Antibodies, Viral, MESH: Antibodies, Neutralizing, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Virology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, MESH: COVID-19, Humans, MESH: SARS-CoV-2, neutralising antibodies, COVID-19 Serotherapy, Science & Technology, MESH: Humans, Plasma samples, biology, business.industry, SARS-CoV-2, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Immunization, Passive, COVID-19, standardisation, COVID-19, Antibodies, Neutralizing, 3. Good health, Europe, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, Immunology, convalescent plasma, biology.protein, MESH: Immunization, Passive, MESH: Europe, Antibody, business, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, Rapid Communication, MESH: Antibodies, Viral
Abstract: We compared the performance of SARS-CoV-2 neutralising antibody testing between 12 European laboratories involved in convalescent plasma trials. Raw titres differed almost 100-fold differences between laboratories when blind-testing 15 plasma samples. Calibration of titres in relation to the reference reagent and standard curve obtained by testing a dilution series reduced the inter-laboratory variability ca 10-fold. The harmonisation of neutralising antibody quantification is a vital step towards determining the protective and therapeutic levels of neutralising antibodies. ispartof: EUROSURVEILLANCE vol:26 issue:27 ispartof: location:Sweden status: published
Published: 2021

22. Risk for Hepatitis E Virus Transmission by Solvent/Detergent-Treated Plasma

Author: Xavier Tinard, Rachid Djoudi, Azzedine Assal, Florence Abravanel, Carole Mantovani, Pierre Tiberghien, Sébastien Lhomme, L. Hauser, Sylvie Gross, Pierre Gallian, Pascal Morel, Jacques Izopet, Elodie Pouchol, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), and Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), infectious dose, Epidemiology, viruses, retrospective study, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Detergents, 030231 tropical medicine, lcsh:Medicine, hepatitis E virus, medicine.disease_cause, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Hepatitis E virus, Humans, Medicine, lcsh:RC109-216, Solvent detergent plasma, 030212 general & internal medicine, plasma, Retrospective Studies, Risk for Hepatitis E Virus Transmission by Solvent/Detergent–Treated Plasma, business.industry, Transmission (medicine), Research, Infectious dose, lcsh:R, transmission, virus diseases, Hepatitis E, medicine.disease, Virology, 3. Good health, zoonoses, Infectious Diseases, HEV, Solvents, RNA, Viral, blood donors, Infectious risk, solvent/detergent–treated plasma, France, business, Viral load
Abstract: International audience; Hepatitis E has emerged as a major transfusion-transmitted infectious risk. Two recipients of plasma from 2 lots (A and B) of pooled solvent/detergent-treated plasma were found to be infected by hepatitis E virus (HEV) that was determined to have been transmitted by the solvent/detergent-treated plasma. HEV RNA viral loads were 433 IU in lot A and 55 IU in lot B. Retrospective studies found that 100% (13/13) of evaluable lot A recipients versus 18% (3/17) of evaluable lot B recipients had been infected by HEV (p50,000 IU were infected, most likely by the HEV-containing solvent/detergent-treated plasma, versus only 7% with a transfused HEV RNA load
Published: 2020

23. Collecting and evaluating convalescent plasma for COVID‐19 treatment: why and how?

Author: Pierre Gallian, Karine Lacombe, Xavier de Lamballerie, Yazdan Yazdanpanah, Pierre Tiberghien, Pascal Morel, Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS BFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), CHU Saint-Antoine [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), REACTing [Paris], Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Bodescot, Myriam, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), and Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])
Subjects: [SDV.MHEP.HEM] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, medicine.medical_specialty, Convalescent plasma, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Blood Safety, infectious disease, Pneumonia, Viral, Disease, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Immunopathology, antibody, Pandemic, medicine, Humans, In patient, Intensive care medicine, Pandemics, COVID-19 Serotherapy, plasma, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Blood Specimen Collection, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, business.industry, Immunization, Passive, COVID-19, [SDV.MHEP.HEM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, Hematology, General Medicine, 3. Good health, Infectious disease (medical specialty), convalescent plasma, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Viral spread, Coronavirus Infections, business, 030215 immunology
Abstract: International audience; Plasma provided by COVID-19 convalescent patients may provide therapeutic relief as the number of COVID-19 cases escalates steeply worldwide. Prior findings in various viral respiratory diseases including SARS-CoV-related pneumonia suggest that convalescent plasma can reduce mortality, although formal proof of efficacy is still lacking. By reducing viral spread early on, such an approach may possibly downplay subsequent immunopathology. Identifying, collecting, qualifying and preparing plasma from convalescent patients with adequate SARS-CoV-2-neutralizing Ab titres in an acute crisis setting may be challenging, although well within the remit of most blood establishments. Careful clinical evaluation should allow to quickly establish whether such passive immunotherapy, administered at early phases of the disease in patients at high risk of deleterious evolution, may reduce the frequency of patient deterioration, and thereby COVID-19 mortality.
Published: 2020

24. Seroprevalence of hepatitis E virus among blood donors on Corsica, France, 2017

Author: Jacques Izopet, Lisandru Capai, Simon Cauchemez, Pierre Gallian, Sylvie Gross, Stéphane Priet, Rémi N. Charrel, Frédéric Bosseur, Xavier de Lamballerie, Alessandra Falchi, Nathanaël Hozé, Rachid Djoudi, Jacques Chiaroni, Laboratoire de Virologie [UNIV Corse-Inserm] (EA7310), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sciences pour l'environnement (SPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), Etablissement Français du Sang Provence-Alpes Côte-d'Azur et Corse (EFS), Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Dubois Frid, Caroline
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Veterinary medicine, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Seroprevalence, Corsica, medicine.disease_cause, 0302 clinical medicine, Hepatitis E virus, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Prevalence, 030212 general & internal medicine, education.field_of_study, MESH: IgG titres, biology, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Hepatitis E, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Female, France, Antibody, Viral hepatitis, Adult, MESH: Hepatitis E virus, medicine.medical_specialty, IgG titres, Adolescent, Population, Blood donors, Virus, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Immunity, Virology, medicine, Humans, Hepatitis Antibodies, MESH: Corsica, education, Aged, business.industry, Research, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, MESH: Blood donors, MESH: Seroprevalence, MESH: Epidemiology, 030104 developmental biology, Immunoglobulin G, biology.protein, business
Abstract: Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is an emerging zoonotic pathogen and an important cause of acute viral hepatitis in European countries. Corsica Island has been previously identified as a hyperendemic area for HEV. Aim Our aim was to characterise the prevalence and titres of IgG antibodies to HEV among blood donors on Corsica and establish a model of the annual force of infection. Methods Between September 2017 and January 2018, 2,705 blood donations were tested for anti-HEV IgG using the Wantai HEV IgG enzyme immunoassay. Results The overall seroprevalence was 56.1%. In multivariate analysis, seroprevalence was higher in men than in women (60.0% vs 52.2%; p Conclusion We confirmed the high HEV seroprevalence on Corsica and identified three aspects that should be further explored: (i) the epidemiology in those younger than 18 years, (ii) common sources of contamination, in particular drinking water, that may explain the wide exposure of the population, and (iii) the actual protection afforded by the low IgG titres observed and the potential susceptibility to secondary HEV infection.
Published: 2020

25. Cluster of COVID-19 in Northern France: A Retrospective Closed Cohort Study

Author: Olivier Schwartz, Yoann Madec, Timothée Bruel, Camille Besombes, Nathalie Jolly, Christèle Huon, Laura Tondeur, Rebecca Grant, Marie-Noëlle Ungeheuer, Sandie Munier, Bruno Hoen, Sylvie van der Werf, Sandrine Fernandes Pellerin, Sarah Temmam, Ludivine Grzelak, Pierre Gallian, Marc Eloit, Isabelle Cailleau, Caroline Demeret, Simon Cauchemez, Kuang-Yu Chen, Arnaud Fontanet, Lucie Kuhmel, Bernadette Crescenzo, and Isabelle Staropoli
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, biology, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), business.industry, Attack rate, Disease cluster, biology.organism_classification, Herd immunity, Informed consent, Family medicine, Case fatality rate, medicine, business, Sida, Cohort study
Abstract: Background: The Oise department in France has been heavily affected by COVID-19 in early 2020. Methods: Between 30 March and 4 April 2020, we conducted a retrospective closed cohort study among pupils, their parents and siblings, as well as teachers and non-teaching staff of a high-school located in Oise. Participants completed a questionnaire that covered history of fever and/or respiratory symptoms since 13 January 2020 and had blood tested for the presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The infection attack rate (IAR) was defined as the proportion of participants with confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection based on antibody detection. Blood samples from two blood donor centres collected between 23 and 27 March 2020 in the Oise department were also tested for presence of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. Findings: Of the 661 participants (median age: 37 years), 171 participants had anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies. The overall IAR was 25.9% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 22.6-29.4), and the infection fatality rate was 0% (one-sided 97.5% CI = 0 - 2.1). Nine of the ten participants hospitalised since mid-January were in the infected group, giving a hospitalisation rate of 5.3% (95% CI = 2.4 –9.8). Anosmia and ageusia had high positive predictive values for SARS-CoV-2 infection (84.7% and 88.1%, respectively). Smokers had a lower IAR compared to non-smokers (7.2% versus 28.0%, P
Published: 2020

26. Comparing two blood culture systems for the detection of bacterial contamination in platelet concentrates

Author: Didier Raoult, Jacques Chiaroni, Gregory Dubourg, Yasmine Chetouane, Kahina Chetouane, Pierre Gallian, and Laurence Camoin-Jau
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Time to detection, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, 030106 microbiology, Immunology, Hematology, Buffy coat, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Contamination, Microbiology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Blood culture, In patient, Platelet, Detection rate, business
Abstract: BACKGROUND The transfusion of platelet concentrates (PCs) contaminated with bacteria may cause serious, and even fatal, septic reactions in patients. The aim of this study was to compare the VersaTREK with the BACTEC FX automated culture systems for screening bacterial contamination, directly after the delay of 24 hours of preparation to obtain the final pooled buffy coat PCs, to prevent transfusion-transmitted bacterial infections. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS Seven bacterial strains were each inoculated into five replicate pooled buffy coat PCs at approximately 100 colony-forming units/unit, and 5- or 10-mL samples were inoculated into duplicate aerobic culture bottles. The time and detection rates were compared between BACTEC FX, as a reference method, and VersaTREK. RESULTS Time to detection was significantly shorter using VersaTREK for most species detected by both systems for the volumes tested. Of 70 VersaTREK cultures, 69 (98.57% detection rate) were positive after 24 hours of incubation with the 5-mL sample. In contrast, the BACTEC FX system detected all positive samples in PCs for the volume of 10 mL, although seven samples were false negatives for the 5-mL volume. CONCLUSION The VersaTREK system compared favorably to the BACTEC FX system for 5-mL volumes (p < 0.05) and could be considered a potential method for detecting bacterial contamination in PC samples directly after 24 hours of preparation of the final pooled buffy coat PCs.
Published: 2018

27. Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients, France

Author: Nassim Kamar, Sébastien Lhomme, Laurent Bardiaux, Florence Abravanel, Pierre Gallian, Jacques Izopet, LAB'URBA (LAB'URBA), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Etablissement français du sang [Pyrénées-Méditerranée] (EFS Pyrénées-Méditerranée), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Institut de médecine moléculaire de Rangueil (I2MR), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées- Institut Fédératif de Recherche Bio-médicale Institution (IFR150)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Department of Multiorgan Transplantation, CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)- Institut Fédératif de Recherche Bio-médicale Institution (IFR150)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Département de Néphrologie et Transplantation d'organes [CHU Toulouse], Pôle Urologie - Néphrologie - Dialyse - Transplantations - Brûlés - Chirurgie plastique - Explorations fonctionnelles et physiologiques [CHU Toulouse], and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)
Subjects: Microbiology (medical), medicine.medical_specialty, Blood transfusion, Genes, Viral, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], viruses, medicine.medical_treatment, Population, lcsh:Medicine, hepatitis E virus, blood transfusion, medicine.disease_cause, Organ transplantation, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Hepatitis E virus, Research Letter, medicine, Humans, solid organ transplant patients, lcsh:RC109-216, 030212 general & internal medicine, education, Phylogeny, education.field_of_study, Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Solid Organ Transplant Recipients, France, business.industry, lcsh:R, virus diseases, Organ Transplantation, Viral Load, Hepatitis E, medicine.disease, Virology, digestive system diseases, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, hepatitis E, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, France, business, Solid organ transplantation, Viral load, Hepatitis E virus infection
Abstract: International audience; The rate of transfusion-transmitted hepatitis E virus (HEV) in transplant recipients is unknown. We identified 60 HEV-positive solid organ transplant patients and retrospectively assessed their blood transfusions for HEV. Seven of 60 patients received transfusions; 3 received HEV-positive blood products. Transfusion is not the major route of infection in this population.
Published: 2017

28. Seroprevalence Study of Anti-HEV IgG among Different Adult Populations in Corsica, France, 2019

Author: Shirley Masse, Christine Isnard, Brigitte Peres, Cécile Souty, Rémi N. Charrel, Lisandru Capai, Thierry Blanchon, Xavier de Lamballerie, Alessandra Falchi, Pierre Gallian, EA Bioscope Corse Méditerranée : Dynamique des infections virales en milieu insulaire, Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Etablissement Français du Sang Provence-Alpes Côte-d'Azur et Corse (EFS), Institut Pierre Louis d'Epidémiologie et de Santé Publique (iPLESP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), and BUISINE, Soline
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), hyperendemic, IgG, viruses, 030106 microbiology, medicine.disease_cause, Microbiology, Article, Immunoglobulin G, corsica, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Hepatitis E virus, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Virology, medicine, Seroprevalence, hepatitis, 030212 general & internal medicine, Risk factor, lcsh:QH301-705.5, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, 2. Zero hunger, Hepatitis, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, seroprevalence, business.industry, virus diseases, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Hepatitis E, 3. Good health, lcsh:Biology (General), risk factor, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, biology.protein, Age stratification, hepatitis E, France, business, Demography
Abstract: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. In France, hyperendemic areas including Corsica have an anti-HEV Immunoglobulin G (IgG) prevalence higher than 50%. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG in three adult populations in Corsica and the risk factors associated with antibody detection. Between 2017 and 2019, a total of 930 individuals, including 467 blood donors, 393 students or university staff members and 70 patients from general practice, were tested for the presence of anti-HEV IgG using the Wantai HEV IgG enzyme immunoassay kit and filled a questionnaire. The association between seropositivity and potential risk factors was tested with univariate and multivariate analyses. Out of the 930 samples, 52.3% (486/930) were seropositive&mdash, 54.4% (254/467) among blood donors, 47.6% (187/393) among university students and 64.3% (45/70) among patients of general practice. Three main risk factors were identified: (i) skinning and butchering (Adjusted Odds Ratio aOR = 2.76, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] [1.51&ndash, 5.37], p-value &lt, 10&minus, 3), (ii) consumption of a local pork live raw sausage (fittonu) (aOR = 1.95 95% CI [1.45&ndash, 2.64], p-value = 10&minus, 5), and (iii) increasing age (p-value = 0.003). Seropositivity rates between the different populations were homogeneous after age stratification. This cross-sectional study indicates a high anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence in the Corsican adult population, not significantly different between women and men and increasing with age. This serosurvey also showed homogeneity regarding the exposure to HEV among three different types of populations. Finally, we confirmed the endemicity of Corsica with respect to HEV and identified a strong association between consumption of figatellu/fittonu and the practice of skinning and butchering with the detection of anti-HEV IgG.
Published: 2019
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29. GloPID-R report on chikungunya, o'nyong-nyong and Mayaro virus, part 2: Epidemiological distribution of o'nyong-nyong virus

Author: M. G. Rosa-Freitas, Sébastien Boyer, A. J. Rodriguez-Morales, Jan Felix Drexler, Thomas Jaenisch, Patrícia Brasil, Johan Neyts, François Simon, Anna-Bella Failloux, de Lamballerie X, Lisa F. P. Ng, Michael A. Drebot, Pierre Gallian, Guilherme S. Ribeiro, Maria Rios, Amadou A. Sall, Chantal Reusken, Marc Lecuit, Scott C. Weaver, Michael P. Busch, Nikos Vasilakis, André Siqueira, A. Vega Rua, Angelle Desiree LaBeaud, Mawlouth Diallo, Michael S. Diamond, Alain Kohl, Ricardo Lourenço-de-Oliveira, Laura Pezzi, Graham Simmons, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Laboratoire de Virologie [UNIV Corse-Inserm] (EA7310), Université Pascal Paoli (UPP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Stanford School of Medicine [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment [Bilthoven] (RIVM), Erasmus University Medical Center [Rotterdam] (Erasmus MC), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Humboldt University Of Berlin, Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), The University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB), Institut Pasteur de Dakar, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées, Heidelberg University Hospital [Heidelberg], Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Arbovirus et Insectes Vecteurs - Arboviruses and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP), Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz / Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), University of California [San Francisco] (UC San Francisco), University of California (UC), Washington University in Saint Louis (WUSTL), Public Health Agency of Canada, MRC - University of Glasgow Centre for Virus Research, Université Paris Descartes - Paris 5 (UPD5), CHU Necker - Enfants Malades [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Biologie des Infections - Biology of Infection, Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Imagine - Institut des maladies génétiques (IHU) (Imagine - U1163), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Catholic University of Leuven - Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KU Leuven), Agency for science, technology and research [Singapore] (A*STAR), Universidade Federal da Bahia (UFBA), U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Universidad Tecnológica de Pereira [Colombie] (UTP), Institut Pasteur de la Guadeloupe, Publication fees were covered by the Global Research Collaboration for Infectious Disease Preparedness (GloPID-R)., Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pascal Paoli (UPP), Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institut Pasteur [Paris], Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (FIOCRUZ), University of California [San Francisco] (UCSF), University of California, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Paris (UP), Virology, and DEMESLAY GOUGAM, MARIE
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, GloPID-R chikungunya, o'nyong-nyong and Mayaro virus Working Group, Genes, Viral, Iron, 030106 microbiology, Prevalence, Alphavirus, medicine.disease_cause, Disease Outbreaks, 03 medical and health sciences, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Virology, Environmental health, medicine, Seroprevalence, Animals, Humans, O'nyong-nyong Virus, Serologic Tests, Chikungunya, Phylogeny, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Pharmacology, Molecular epidemiology, Alphavirus Infections, Outbreak, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Geography, Infectious disease (medical specialty), [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Africa, Chikungunya Fever, Chikungunya virus
Abstract: The GloPID-R (Global Research Collaboration for Infectious Disease Preparedness) chikungunya (CHIKV), o'nyong-nyong (ONNV) and Mayaro virus (MAYV) Working Group has been established to identify gaps of knowledge about the natural history, epidemiology and medical management of infection by these viruses, and to provide adapted recommendations for future investigations. Here, we present a report dedicated to ONNV epidemiological distribution. Two large-scale ONNV outbreaks have been identified in Africa in the last 60 years, interspersed with sporadic serosurveys and case reports of returning travelers. The assessment of the real scale of ONNV circulation in Africa remains a difficult task and surveillance studies are necessary to fill this gap. The identification of ONNV etiology is made complicated by the absence of multiplex tools in co-circulation areas and that of reference standards, as well as the high cross-reactivity with related pathogens observed in serological tests, in particular with CHIKV. This is a specific obstacle for seroprevalence studies, that necessitate an improvement of serological tools to provide robust results. The scarcity of existent genetic data currently limits molecular epidemiology studies. ONNV epidemiology would also benefit from reinforced entomological and environmental surveillance. Finally, the natural history of the disease deserves to be further investigated, with a specific attention paid to long-term complications. Considering our incomplete knowledge on ONNV distribution, GloPID-R CHIKV, ONNV and MAYV experts recommend that a major effort should be done to fill existing gaps. ispartof: ANTIVIRAL RESEARCH vol:172 ispartof: location:Netherlands status: published
Published: 2019

30. Chikungunya, a risk factor for Guillain-Barré syndrome

Author: Bruno Hoen, Benoit Tressières, Sophie Stegmann-Planchard, Annie Lannuzel, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, André Cabié, Pierre Gallian, Aissatou Signate, Cédric Laouénan, Unité de Maladies Infectieuses [CH Louis-Constant Fleming, Saint Martin], Centre Hospitalier Louis Constant Fleming, Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centre d'investigation clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus [Marseille], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA)-Unité d'Arbovirologie [Marseille], Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées-Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées, Department of neurology, CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe], Environnement, Santé, Sociétés (ESS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modèles et méthodes de l'évaluation thérapeutique des maladies chroniques (U738 / UMR_S738), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7), Service de Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [Fort-de-France, Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Hôpital Pierre Zobda-Quitman [CHU de la Martinique], CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique [Fort-de-France, Martinique], Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales, Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire de Besançon (CHRU Besançon)-Hôpital Saint-Jacques, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Laboratoire Chrono-environnement - CNRS - UBFC (UMR 6249) (LCE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France]-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and BUISINE, Soline
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Microbiology (medical), Pediatrics, medicine.medical_specialty, case-control study, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030231 tropical medicine, Guillain-Barre Syndrome, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Risk Factors, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, medicine, Humans, Chikungunya, Risk factor, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, West indies, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Guillain-Barre syndrome, Zika Virus Infection, business.industry, Case-control study, Outbreak, Odds ratio, medicine.disease, Guillain-Barré syndrome, Confidence interval, 3. Good health, 030104 developmental biology, Infectious Diseases, Case-Control Studies, chikungunya infection, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Chikungunya Fever, business, Chikungunya virus
Abstract: In a matched case-control study where 24 cases developed Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS) during the 2014 chikungunya outbreak in the French West Indies and 72 controls were blood donors during the same period, chikungunya infection was a risk factor for GBS (odds ratio, 8.3; 95% confidence interval, 2.3–29.7; P = .001).
Published: 2019

31. Viral load and clinical manifestations of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 infections

Author: Jacques Izopet, Sébastien Lhomme, Florence Abravanel, Chloé Dimeglio, Pierre Gallian, Azzedine Assal, Pierre Tiberghien, Laboratoire Virologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse], Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Etablissement Français du Sang, 20, Avenue du Stade de France, 93218 La Plaine Saint-Denis Cedex, France, Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS BFC), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Etablissement Français du Sang Nouvelle Aquitaine [Bordeaux] (EFS Bordeaux Nouvelle Aquitaine), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS BFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), LAB'URBA (LAB'URBA), Université Paris-Est Marne-la-Vallée (UPEM)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12), Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]), Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), URA 1164, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU AMU), Établissement Français du Sang Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS Alpes-Méditerranée), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan ex IFR 30 et IFR 150 (CPTP), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (HOTE GREFFON), and Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-France-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-France-Comté])-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)
Subjects: [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], viruses, medicine.disease_cause, Gastroenterology, MESH: Genotype, Hepatitis E virus, Genotype, Blood plasma, MESH: Viral Load / statistics & numerical data, MESH: Hepatitis E / blood, Asymptomatic Infections, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, MESH: France / epidemiology, 0303 health sciences, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Hepatitis E virus / genetics, MESH: Asymptomatic Infections / epidemiology, Middle Aged, Viral Load, Hepatitis E, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, subgenotype distribution, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, RNA, Viral, blood donors, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, MESH: RNA, Viral / blood, France, MESH: Hepatitis E virus / pathogenicity, medicine.symptom, Viral hepatitis, Viral load, Adult, symptomatic patients, MESH: Humans Immunoglobulin G / blood, medicine.medical_specialty, hepatitis E virus, Asymptomatic, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, Internal medicine, MESH: Hepatitis E / virology, medicine, Humans, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: Hepatitis E / epidemiology, Hepatitis, Hepatology, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, MESH: Blood Donors, MESH: Adult, medicine.disease, Immunoglobulin G, business
Abstract: International audience; A fraction of plasma donations undergoes hepatitis E virus (HEV) RNA screening since late 2014 in France. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of HEV RNA as well as the viral load and the evolution of genotype distribution over a 3-year period (2015-2017) in asymptomatic blood donors in comparison with symptomatic patients routinely diagnosed. The overall detection rate of HEV RNA in plasma donations was 0.10% during the 3-year period, with a median viral load of 717 IU/mL (range
Published: 2019

32. Assessing Zika Virus Transmission within Households during an Outbreak in Martinique, 2015-2016

Author: Minerva Cervantes, Sylvie Abel, Henrik Salje, Simon Cauchemez, Alice Monthieux, Fatiha Najioullah, Raymond Césaire, Cédric Laouénan, Mathilde Pircher, Pierre Gallian, André Cabié, Alessio Andronico, Isabelle Calmont, Anthony Cousien, Xavier de Lamballerie, Sandrine Pierre-François, Quirine A. ten Bosch, Modélisation mathématique des maladies infectieuses - Mathematical modelling of Infectious Diseases, Institut Pasteur [Paris]-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CHU de la Martinique [Fort de France], Centre d'Investigation Clinique Antilles-Guyane (CIC - Antilles Guyane), CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française]-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Infection, Anti-microbiens, Modélisation, Evolution (IAME (UMR_S_1137 / U1137)), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC), AP-HP - Hôpital Bichat - Claude Bernard [Paris], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Laboratoire de Virologie-Immunologie [Fort de France, Martinique] (EA 4537), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Martinique [Fort-de-France, Martinique], Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, This work was supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Programme through ZIKAlliance (grant 734548), the Investissements d’Avenir program, the Laboratoire d’Excellence Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases program (ANR-10-LABX-62-IBEID), the Models of Infectious Disease Agent Study of the National Institute of General Medical Sciences, the AXA Research Fund, the INCEPTION project (PIA/ANR-16-CONV-0005). The CARBO cohort was fund by the French Ministry of Health (Soutien Exceptionnel à la Recherche et à l’Innovation) and the protocol was prepared with the help of the INSERM Research and Action Targeting Emerging Infectious Disease (REACTing) network., ANR-10-LABX-0062,IBEID,Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases(2010), ANR-16-CONV-0005,INCEPTION,Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs(2016), European Project: 734548,ZIKAlliance(2016), Institut Pasteur [Paris] (IP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-CHU Pointe-à-Pitre/Abymes [Guadeloupe] -CHU de Fort de France-Centre Hospitalier Andrée Rosemon [Cayenne, Guyane Française], Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Sorbonne Paris Cité (USPC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Salje, Henrik [0000-0003-3626-4254], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, Dubois Frid, Caroline, Integrative Biology of Emerging Infectious Diseases - - IBEID2010 - ANR-10-LABX-0062 - LABX - VALID, Institut Convergences pour l'étude de l'Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs - - INCEPTION2016 - ANR-16-CONV-0005 - CONV - VALID, and A global alliance for Zika virus control and prevention - ZIKAlliance - 2016-10-01 - 2019-09-30 - 734548 - VALID
Subjects: Male, asymptomatic infections, Practice of Epidemiology, Epidemiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], law.invention, Zika virus, Disease Outbreaks, 0302 clinical medicine, law, Aedes, Pregnancy, Risk Factors, household transmission, Credible interval, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Pregnancy Complications, Infectious, 0303 health sciences, education.field_of_study, Family Characteristics, biology, Zika Virus Infection, 3. Good health, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Transmission (mechanics), Female, medicine.symptom, Martinique, endocrine system, Population, Mosquito Vectors, Asymptomatic, final size model, 03 medical and health sciences, Disease Transmission, Infectious, Seroprevalence, Animals, Humans, education, 030304 developmental biology, business.industry, Outbreak, biology.organism_classification, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, business, Demography
Abstract: Since 2015, Zika virus (ZIKV) has caused large epidemics in the Americas. Households are natural targets for control interventions, but quantification of the contribution of household transmission to overall spread is needed to guide policy. We developed a modeling framework to evaluate this contribution and key epidemic features of the ZIKV epidemic in Martinique in 2015–2016 from the joint analysis of a household transmission study (n = 68 households), a study among symptomatic pregnant women (n = 281), and seroprevalence surveys of blood donors (n = 457). We estimated that the probability of mosquito-mediated within-household transmission (from an infected member to a susceptible one) was 21% (95% credible interval (CrI): 5, 51), and the overall probability of infection from outside the household (i.e., in the community) was 39% (95% CrI: 27, 50). Overall, 50% (95% CrI: 43, 58) of the population was infected, with 22% (95% CrI: 5, 46) of infections acquired in households and 40% (95% CrI: 23, 56) being asymptomatic. The probability of presenting with Zika-like symptoms due to another cause was 16% (95% CrI: 10, 23). This study characterized the contribution of household transmission in ZIKV epidemics, demonstrating the benefits of integrating multiple data sets to gain more insight into epidemic dynamics.
Published: 2019

33. International Forum on Occult hepatitis B infection and transfusion safety

Author: Kate I Tettmar, Jun Nyun Kim, Sylvie Gross, Erhard Seifried, Padraig Williams, Fiona Boland, Aneta Kopacz, Louise Pomeroy, Magdy El Ekiaby, Pierre Gallian, Patricia E. Hewitt, Marta Bes, W. C. Tsoi, Sze Sze Chua, Eun Young Oh, Niamh O'Flaherty, Miquel Lozano, Roberta Fachini, Veronica C. Hoad, Michael Schmidt, Maria Piron, Richard Charlewood, Rikizo Taira, Lisa Jarvis, Clive R. Seed, Patricia Carminato, Philip Kiely, Jean-Pierre Allain, Silvia Sauleda, Sheila F. O'Brien, Magdalena Łętowska, Margaret Fearon, Syria Laperche, Ai Leen Ang, Sally Lam, Peter Flanagan, Snežna Levičnik Stezinar, Susan L. Stramer, Patricia Scuracchio, S. Wendel, Marion Vermeulen, Masahiro Satake, K. L. Davison, Polona Nograšek, Giles Delages, Piotr Grabarczyk, Juraj Petrik, Keiji Matsubayashi, So-Yong Kwon, Division of Transfusion Medicine, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), 1National Institute of Blood Transfusion (INTS) - Department of Blood-borne agents, National Reference Center for Hepatitis B and C and HIV in Transfusion, Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Groupe de Recherche sur le Handicap Ventilatoire (GRHV), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), Institute for Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire (UNH), Scottish National Blood Transfusion Service, Department of Immunohaematology, Institute of Haematology and Transfusion Medicine, Institute for Transfusion Medicine and Immunohaematology [Frankfurt/Main], Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, and Dept. of Cellular Therapeutics / Cell Processing (GMP)
Subjects: medicine.medical_specialty, business.industry, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], MEDLINE, Occult hepatitis B infection, Hematology, General Medicine, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Internal medicine, Medicine, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2019

34. Persisting higher prevalence of hepatitis A virus RNA in blood donors, France, 2018

Author: Rachid Djoudi, Pascal Morel, Elodie Pouchol, Valérie Barlet, Julie Figoni, Sylvie Gross, Claude Maugard, Henriette de Valk, Benoit Flan, Sophie Le Cam, Lina Mouna, Pierre Gallian, Catherine Visse, Anne-Marie Roque-Afonso, Pierre Tiberghien, Céline Ricard, Etablissement Français du Sang Provence-Alpes Côte-d'Azur et Corse (EFS), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Hôpital Paul Brousse, Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LFB Biomédicaments, Infectious Disease Department [Saint Maurice], Agence Nationale de la Santé Publique [Saint-Maurice] (ANSP), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Paul Brousse, Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS BFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)
Subjects: food-borne infections, Letter, sequence analysis, Epidemiology, Hepatitis A virus RNA, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], viral infections, Blood Donors, Disease Outbreaks, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Virology, hepatitis A virus, Prevalence, Medicine, media_common.cataloged_instance, Humans, 030212 general & internal medicine, European Union, European union, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, 0303 health sciences, Whole Genome Sequencing, 030306 microbiology, business.industry, capacity building, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, RNA, Hepatitis A, Sequence Analysis, DNA, medicine.disease, Hepatitis a virus, 3. Good health, HAV, Europe, Molecular Typing, Population Surveillance, surveys and questionnaires, foodborne diseases, surveillance, RNA, Viral, France, business
Abstract: Introduction Sequence-based typing of hepatitis A virus (HAV) is important for outbreak detection, investigation and surveillance. In 2013, sequencing was central to resolving a large European Union (EU)-wide outbreak related to frozen berries. However, as the sequenced HAV genome regions were only partly comparable between countries, results were not always conclusive. Aim The objective was to gather information on HAV surveillance and sequencing in EU/European Economic Area (EEA) countries to find ways to harmonise their procedures, for improvement of cross-border outbreak responses. Methods In 2014, the European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC) conducted a survey on HAV surveillance practices in EU/EEA countries. The survey enquired whether a referral system for confirming primary diagnostics of hepatitis A existed as well as a central collection/storage of hepatitis A cases’ samples for typing. Questions on HAV sequencing procedures were also asked. Based on the results, an expert consultation proposed harmonised procedures for cross-border outbreak response, in particular regarding sequencing. In 2016, a follow-up survey assessed uptake of suggested methods. Results Of 31 EU/EEA countries, 23 (2014) and 27 (2016) participated. Numbers of countries with central collection and storage of HAV positive samples and of those performing sequencing increased from 12 to 15 and 12 to 14 respectively in 2016, with all countries typing an overlapping fragment of 218 nt. However, variation existed in the sequenced genomic regions and their lengths. Conclusions While HAV sequences in EU/EEA countries are comparable for surveillance, collaboration in sharing and comparing these can be further strengthened.
Published: 2019

35. An Innovative Multiplexed And Flexible Molecular Approach For The Differential Detection Of Arboviruses

Author: Jean-Charles Brès, Emilie Blanc, Albert Meyer, François Morvan, Robin Reynier, Philippe Van de Perre, Jean-François Cantaloube, Chantal Fournier-Wirth, Fanny Leon, Yannick Simonin, Lilian Bruyère-Ostells, Pierre Gallian, Jean-Jacques Vasseur, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Myrielle Dupont-Rouzeyrol, Sara Salinas, Vincent Foulongne, Antoine Biron, Pathogénèse et contrôle des infections chroniques (PCCI), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Montpellier (CHU Montpellier ), Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron [Pôle Chimie Balard] (IBMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Dengue et Arbovirose (URE-DA), Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Établissement Français du Sang Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS Alpes-Méditerranée), Centre National de Référence (CNR) des Arbovirus - Laboratoire coordonnateur : Equipe Résidente de Recherche d'Infectiologie Tropicale (ERRIT), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées Hôpital d’Instruction des Armées Laveran, Supported by institutional funding from Etablissement Français du Sang (C.F.-W.) and Institut Pasteur de Nouvelle-Calédonie (M.D.-R.)., Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Montpellier (UM), Etablissement français du don du sang [Montpellier], Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Montpellier] (CHRU Montpellier), Laboratoire Parole et Langage (LPL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE, Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Centre National de Référence des Arbovirus [Marseille], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA)-Unité d'Arbovirologie [Marseille], Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées-Hôpital d'Instruction des Armées Laveran, Service de Santé des Armées-Service de Santé des Armées, and Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, viruses, Dengue virus, Biology, Nucleic Acid Testing, medicine.disease_cause, Genome, Sensitivity and Specificity, Virus, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Zika virus, Dengue, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, medicine, Humans, Multiplex, Chikungunya, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, Zika Virus Infection, Nucleic Acid Hybridization, virus diseases, Zika Virus, Dengue Virus, biology.organism_classification, Virology, 3. Good health, Patient management, 030104 developmental biology, 030220 oncology & carcinogenesis, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Molecular Medicine, Chikungunya Fever, Chikungunya virus, Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction
Abstract: International audience; Nucleic acid testing during the preseroconversion viremic phase is required to differentially diagnose arboviral infections. The continuing emergence of arboviruses, such as Zika virus (ZIKV), dengue virus (DENV), and chikungunya virus (CHIKV), necessitates the development of a flexible diagnostic approach. Similar clinical signs and the priority to protect pregnant women from ZIKV infection indicate that the differential diagnosis of arboviruses is essential for effective patient management, clinical care, and epidemiologic surveillance. We describe an innovative diagnostic approach that combines generic RT-PCR amplification and identification by hybridization to specific probes. Original tetrathiolated probes were designed for the robust, sensitive, and specific detection of amplified arboviral genomes. The limit of detection using cultured and quantified stocks of whole viruses was 1 TCID50/mL for DENV-1, DENV-3, and CHIKV and 10 TCID50/mL for DENV-2, DENV-4, and ZIKV. The assay had 100% specificity with no false-positive results. The approach was evaluated using 179 human samples that previously tested as positive for the presence of ZIKV, DENV, or CHIKV genomes. Accordingly, the diagnostic sensitivity for ZIKV, DENV, and CHIKV was 87.88% (n = 58/66), 96.67% (n = 58/60), and 94.34% (n = 50/53), respectively. This method could be easily adapted to include additional molecular targets. Moreover, this approach may also be adapted to develop highly specific, sensitive, and easy to handle platforms dedicated to the multiplex screening and identification of emerging viruses.
Published: 2019

36. Lower prevalence of antibodies neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 in group O French blood donors

Author: Pascal Morel, Xavier de Lamballerie, Boris Pastorino, Laetitia Ninove, Pierre Gallian, Jacques Chiaroni, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Etablissement Français du Sang Provence-Alpes Côte-d'Azur et Corse (EFS), Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and ANR-20-COVI-0073,COVIDonneur,Contribution de la population des donneurs de sang aux études sur le SARS-CoV-2 : Epidémiologie, histoire naturelle, sciences humaines et sociales et thérapeutique(2020)
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, MESH: Coronavirus Infections, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Blood Donors, MESH: Hospitalization, Antibodies, Viral, MESH: Antibodies, Neutralizing, Seroneutralisation, Seroepidemiologic Studies, MESH: Incidence, Young adult, MESH: Middle Aged, MESH: Risk, biology, Incidence, Mortality rate, Incidence (epidemiology), Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Hospitalization, Intensive Care Units, MESH: Young Adult, Blood Group Antigens, MESH: Betacoronavirus, Female, France, medicine.symptom, Antibody, Coronavirus Infections, Adult, Risk, MESH: Pandemics, medicine.medical_specialty, Pneumonia, Viral, 030106 microbiology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Asymptomatic, Article, Virus, Betacoronavirus, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Virology, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Seroprevalence, Pandemics, Pharmacology, MESH: Humans, MESH: Seroepidemiologic Studies, MESH: Blood Group Antigens, SARS-CoV-2, business.industry, MESH: Blood Donors, COVID-19, Outbreak, MESH: Adult, Antibodies, Neutralizing, MESH: Male, MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity, MESH: France, 030104 developmental biology, MESH: Pneumonia, Viral, biology.protein, MESH: Intensive Care Units, Blood groups, business, MESH: Female, MESH: Antibodies, Viral
Abstract: We investigated the distribution of antibodies neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 according to age, sex or blood group in French blood donors. In 464 samples collected before the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 (2017 and 2018), our virus neutralization assay had a 100% specificity. It was used to test 998 samples collected from blood donors during the last week of March or the first week of April 2020. As expected at this stage of the outbreak, the prevalence was low (2.7%) and, importantly, criteria for blood donation imply that the vast majority of seropositives had asymptomatic or pauci-symptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections. Seroprevalence values did not differ significantly among age groups (but were slightly higher in donors, Highlights • Antibodies neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 are fond with similar prevalence in men and women among French blood donors. • Virus infection may occur at similar incidence in men and women, while severe forms are more frequent in men. • Blood group O persons are less at risk of being infected by SARS-CoV-2 than other blood groups persons.
Published: 2020

37. Hepatitis A: an epidemiological survey in blood donors, France 2015 to 2017

Author: Lina Mouna, Elodie Pouchol, Pierre Gallian, Catherine Visse, Benoit Flan, Elisabeth Couturier, Françoise Wind, Rachid Djoudi, Valérie Barlet, Sylvie Gross, Henriette de Valk, Sophie Lecam, Anne-Marie Roque-Afonso, Pierre Tiberghien, Céline Ricard, Cécile Fabra, Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Etablissement français du sang - Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes (EFS), Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule (I2BC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Etablissement Français du Sang [Nantes], Etablissement Français du Sang Hauts-de-France - Normandie (EFS Hauts-de-France - Normandie), Etablissement Français du Sang [Occitanie] (EFS Occitanie), LFB Biomédicaments, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (INVS), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS BFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Pathogénèse et traitement de l'hépatite fulminante et du cancer du foie, Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Etablissement Français du Sang (EFS Haut de France), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)
Subjects: Male, food-borne infections, Epidemiology, viruses, Virologie, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], CNR des Virus des hépatites à transmission entérique, Blood Donors, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Disease Outbreaks, Men who have sex with men, Blood donations, 0302 clinical medicine, Surveys and Questionnaires, Genotype, France 4 AP-HP, Medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, Marseille, Hepatitis A, virus diseases, Middle Aged, Hepatitis a virus, 3. Good health, Hôpital Paul Brousse, France 3 Etablissement Français du Sang Auvergne Rhône Alpes, outbreaks, Female, France, Rapid Communication, Saint Denis-La, laboratory surveillance, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Adolescent, viral infections, Villejuif, Beynost, 03 medical and health sciences, hepatitis A virus, Virology, Humans, INSERM U1993, Homosexuality, Male, 2 Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE: Aix-Marseille Univ -IRD 190 -Inserm 1207 -IHU Méditerranée Infection), sexually transmitted infections, Aged, business.industry, men who have sex with men - MSM, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Outbreak, France 5 Etablissement Français du Sang, medicine.disease, business
Abstract: International audience; Since mid-2016, hepatitis A virus (HAV) outbreaks, involving predominantly men who have sex with men (MSM), have affected countries in Europe and overseas. In France, HAV screening of blood donations in 2017 revealed a HAV-RNA prevalence ca fivefold higher than during 2015-16 (4.42/106 vs 0.86/106; p = 0.0005). In 2017, despite a higher male-to-female ratio (5.5 vs 0.7) and the identification of MSM-associated outbreak strains, only one of 11 infected male donors self-reported being a MSM. Since mid-2016, outbreaks involving mainly men who have sex with men (MSM) have been reported in European countries and overseas [1-6]. The outbreaks were associated with three genotype IA hepatitis A virus (HAV) strains: VDR_521_2016, RIVM_HAV16-090 and V16-25801. In this study, we report epidemiological and clinical findings pertaining to HAV infected blood donors before and during the recent outbreak in France.
Published: 2018

38. Zika virus epidemiology in Bolivia : A seroprevalence study in volunteer blood donors

Author: Xavier de Lamballerie, Thomas Jaenisch, Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel, Stéphane Priet, Laetitia Ninove, Boris Pastorino, Pierre Gallian, Elif Nurtop, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Jan Felix Drexler, Yelin Roca, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centro Nacional de Enfermedades Tropicales [Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia] (CENETROP), Institute of Virology [Berlin, Germany] (Charité), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], German Centre for Infection Research [Berlin, Germany] (DZIF - Charité), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Section Clinical Tropical Medicine [Heidelberg], Department of Infectious Diseases [Heidelberg, Germany], Heidelberg University Hospital [Heidelberg]-Heidelberg University Hospital [Heidelberg], Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), European Project: 734548,ZIKAlliance(2016), European Project: 653316,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,EVAg(2015), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programmes ZIKAlliance and EVAg under grant agreements No 734548 and 653316, Dubois Frid, Caroline, A global alliance for Zika virus control and prevention - ZIKAlliance - 2016-10-01 - 2019-09-30 - 734548 - VALID, and European Virus Archive goes global - EVAg - - H20202015-04-01 - 2019-03-31 - 653316 - VALID
Subjects: RNA viruses, Male, Volunteers, 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Disease Vectors, Dengue virus, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Mosquitoes, Geographical locations, Zika virus, Dengue fever, Dengue, 0302 clinical medicine, Aedes aegypti, Aedes, Seroepidemiologic Studies, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Epidemiology, Medicine and Health Sciences, Mass Screening, Enzyme-linked immunoassays, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, biology, Zika Virus Infection, lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Eukaryota, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Insects, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Infectious Diseases, Geography, Medical Microbiology, Viral Pathogens, Viruses, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Female, Pathogens, Chikungunya virus, Research Article, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Bolivia, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, Arthropoda, Adolescent, lcsh:RC955-962, Alphaviruses, Immunology, 030231 tropical medicine, Mosquito Vectors, Research and Analysis Methods, Blood donors, Microbiology, Virus, Togaviruses, Young Adult, 03 medical and health sciences, Environmental health, parasitic diseases, medicine, Animals, Humans, Seroprevalence, Immunoassays, Microbial Pathogens, Biology and life sciences, Flaviviruses, Organisms, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Immunity, lcsh:RA1-1270, South America, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Invertebrates, Insect Vectors, Health Care, Species Interactions, 030104 developmental biology, Immunologic Techniques, Chikungunya Fever, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, People and places
Abstract: Background Zika virus (ZIKV), was widely reported in Latin America and has been associated with neuropathologies, as microcephaly, but only few seroprevalence studies have been published to date. Our objective was to determine the seroprevalence amongst Bolivian blood donors and estimate the future potential circulation of the virus. Methodology A ZIKV seroprevalence study was conducted between December 2016 and April 2017 in 814 asymptomatic Bolivian volunteer blood donors residing in various eco-environments corresponding to contrasting entomological activities. It was based on detection of IgG to ZIKV using NS1 ELISA screening, followed by a seroneutralisation test in case of positive or equivocal ELISA result. Conclusions/Significance Analysis revealed that ZIKV circulation occurred in tropical areas (Beni: 39%; Santa Cruz de la Sierra: 21.5%) but not in highlands (~0% in Cochabamba, La Paz, Tarija). It was modulated by Aedes aegypti activity and the virus spread was not limited by previous immunity to dengue. Cases were geo-localised in a wide range of urban areas in Santa Cruz and Trinidad. No differences in seroprevalence related to gender or age-groups could be identified. It is concluded that ZIKV has been intensely circulating in the Beni region and has still a significant potential for propagating in the area of Santa Cruz., Author summary Zika virus (ZIKV) is a virus of African origin, transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, and related to dengue and yellow fever virus. It was originally believed to be responsible for a mild febrile illness in Africa and South-east Asia. However, in recent years, ZIKV has been responsible for outbreaks in the Pacific Islands before massively spreading in Latin America and the Caribbean. On this occasion, ZIKV has unexpectedly been associated with non-vector transmission (i.e., sexual and mother-to-foetus transmission) and with severe complications such as foetal abnormalities (e.g. microcephaly) and Guillain-Barré syndromes. Little is known about the actual proportion of the populations infected by ZIKV in Latin America. Here, we report a seroprevalence data in this region, after studying 814 asymptomatic Bolivian volunteer blood donors residing in various eco-environments corresponding to contrasting entomological activities. We conclude that ZIKV has been circulating in Bolivian tropical areas but not in highlands, and that the epidemic has not been limited by previous immunity against dengue. Specific attention should be paid to the region of Santa Cruz, where the seroprevalence is still limited, but the density of Aedes aegypti populations makes plausible further spreading of the disease.
Published: 2018

39. Combination of ELISA screening and seroneutralisation tests to expedite Zika virus seroprevalence studies

Author: Christophe N. Peyrefitte, Audrey Dubot-Pérès, Paola Mariela Saba Villarroel, Xavier de Lamballerie, Laetitia Ninove, Yelin Roca, Stéphane Priet, Elif Nurtop, Gilda Grard, Bouba Gake, Pierre Gallian, Jan Felix Drexler, Boris Pastorino, Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Centro Nacional de Enfermedades Tropicales [Santa Cruz de la Sierra, Bolivia] (CENETROP), Charité - UniversitätsMedizin = Charité - University Hospital [Berlin], Centre Pasteur du Cameroun, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Antenne Marseille] (IRBA), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, This work was partially supported by the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation Programme under ZIKAlliance Grant Agreement no. 734548 and the European Virus Archive EVAg, European Union- Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement no. 653316., European Project: 734548,ZIKAlliance(2016), European Project: 653316,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,EVAg(2015), Dubois Frid, Caroline, A global alliance for Zika virus control and prevention - ZIKAlliance - 2016-10-01 - 2019-09-30 - 734548 - VALID, and European Virus Archive goes global - EVAg - - H20202015-04-01 - 2019-03-31 - 653316 - VALID
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, viruses, Antibodies, Viral, Zika virus, Dengue fever, MESH: Antibodies, Neutralizing, Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral, Seroepidemiologic Studies, MESH: Martinique, Combination strategy, Mass Screening, Cytopathic effect, [SDV.MP.VIR] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, MESH: Immunoglobulin G, education.field_of_study, Microscopy, biology, Zika Virus Infection, MESH: Neutralization Tests, MESH: Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, 3. Good health, Infectious Diseases, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, MESH: Microscopy, Population, Virus Neutralization, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, MESH: Zika Virus, Sensitivity and Specificity, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Zika Virus Infection, Neutralization Tests, Virology, medicine, Seroprevalence, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, Martinique, Serologic Tests, MESH: Mass Screening, education, Igg elisa, Seroepidemiology, MESH: Seroepidemiologic Studies, MESH: Humans, MESH: Serologic Tests, Correction, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, MESH: Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral, Antibodies, Neutralizing, MESH: Sensitivity and Specificity, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Immunoglobulin G, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Virus neutralization test, MESH: Antibodies, Viral
Abstract: International audience; Here we propose a strategy allowing implementing efficient and practicable large-scale seroepidemiological studies for Zika Virus (ZIKV). It combines screening by a commercial NS1 protein-based Zika IgG ELISA, and confirmation by a cytopathic effect-based virus neutralization test (CPE-based VNT). In post-epidemic samples from Martinique Island blood donors (a population with a dengue seroprevalence above 90%), this strategy allowed reaching specificity and sensitivity values over 98%. The CPE-based VNT consists of recording CPE directly under the optical microscope, which is easy to identify with ZIKV strain H/PF/2013 at day 5 pi. Overall, considered that CPE-based VNT is cost effective and widely automatable, the NS1 protein-based Zika IgG ELISA+CPE-based VNT combination strategy represents a convenient tool to expedite ZIKV seroprevalence studies.
Published: 2018

40. Rapid identification of microorganisms from platelet concentrates by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry after short-term incubation on liquid medium

Author: Laurence Camoin-Jau, Christophe Flaudrops, Didier Raoult, Grégory Dubourg, Jacques Chiaroni, Pierre Gallian, Yasmine Chetouane, Eric Chabrière, Unité de Recherche sur les Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales Emergentes (URMITE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-IFR48, Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Institut des sciences biologiques (INSB-CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and INSB-INSB-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Blood Platelets, Male, Time Factors, Microorganism, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Immunology, Bacillus cereus, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Bacterial growth, medicine.disease_cause, Sample preparation in mass spectrometry, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Escherichia coli, Chromatography, biology, Bacteria, Chemistry, Providencia stuartii, Hematology, Contamination, biology.organism_classification, 3. Good health, Bacterial Typing Techniques, Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization, Female, Software
Abstract: Background Platelets (PLTs) are especially affected by the risk of bacterial contamination. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) is an accurate method for the routine identification of bacterial isolates in microbiology laboratories. We directly applied the MALDI-TOF method to bacterial detection in PLTs. In this study, we evaluated the sensitivity, specificity, and speed of a direct MALDI-TOF approach compared to the conventional method BACTEC. Study design and methods Eight bacteria associated with PLT contamination, cited by the ISBT on transfusion-transmitted infectious diseases, were spiked into PLTs for a final concentration of approximately 100 CFU/bag (n = 5 for each strain). The PLTs were then agitated for 24 hours. One milliliter of PLTs was incubated in a shaker incubator for 8 hours at 37°C with 1 mL of trypticase soy broth (TSB). The spectra were analyzed using the MALDI Biotyper software. As a control, 8 mL of PLTs incubated into BACTEC bottles and a positive bottle were subcultured to ensure identification of bacterial growth. Results Regardless of the strain of PLTs tested, MALDI-TOF analysis made detection and early identification possible at 8 hours. Analysis by BACTEC of PLTs infected with Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, and Providencia stuartii made early identification possible. For the remaining bacteria, the detection time by BACTEC was significantly longer than 8 hours. Conclusion We demonstrated the possibility of detecting bacteria in PLTs using a standardized culture step in TSB with MALDI-TOF, regardless of the strain, with the same specificity and analytical sensitivity and with a time to results of 12 hours. This direct method presented rapid and reliable results.
Published: 2017

41. Hepatitis E Virus Infections in Blood Donors, France

Author: Jacques Izopet, Florence Abravanel, Yves Piquet, Pierre Tiberghien, Pierre Gallian, Karine Sauné, Sébastien Lhomme, Azzedine Assal, Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Ecole des Ingénieurs de la Ville de Paris, Laboratory of Virology, Toulouse University hospital, Centre de Physiopathologie Toulouse Purpan (CPTP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Virology, University Hospital, URA 1164, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Unité de Thérapie Cellulaire, Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]), etablissement francais du sang, and Hôpital Henri Mondor
Subjects: Male, Epidemiology, viruses, lcsh:Medicine, Blood Donors, medicine.disease_cause, Blood donations, Hepatitis E virus, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Genotype, Odds Ratio, Prevalence, Geography, Medical, Dispatch, [SDV.MHEP.HEM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, Middle Aged, Viral Load, Hepatitis E, Hepatitis E Virus Infections in Blood Donors, France, Hepatitis E virus RNA, 3. Good health, blood transfusions, Infectious Diseases, RNA, Viral, Female, France, Viral load, Adult, Microbiology (medical), Viremia, hepatitis E virus, Biology, lcsh:Infectious and parasitic diseases, medicine, Humans, lcsh:RC109-216, plasma, Aged, viremia, lcsh:R, HEV RNA, medicine.disease, Virology, solvent–detergent, HEV, Immunology, hepatitis E
Abstract: International audience; We screened plasma samples (minipools of 96 samples, corresponding to 53,234 blood donations) from France that had been processed with solvent-detergent for hepatitis E virus RNA. The detection rate was 1 HEV-positive sample/2,218 blood donations. Most samples (22/24) from viremic donors were negative for IgG and IgM against HEV.
Published: 2014

42. Virus de l’hépatite E, implications en transfusion sanguine

Author: Rachid Djoudi, Y. Piquet, A. Assal, Jacques Izopet, Jacques Chiaroni, Pierre Tiberghien, and Pierre Gallian
Subjects: Blood transfusion, biology, Zoonotic Infection, Transmission (medicine), business.industry, viruses, medicine.medical_treatment, Biochemistry (medical), Clinical Biochemistry, virus diseases, RNA virus, Hematology, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease_cause, Hepatitis E, medicine.disease, Virology, digestive system diseases, Hepatitis E virus, Genotype, Immunology, medicine, biology.protein, Antibody, business
Abstract: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus transmitted by the fecal-oral route. Autochthonous hepatitis E occurring in developed countries is caused by genotypes 3 and 4 and is a zoonotic infection. Humans are infected mostly after ingestion of undercooked meat from infected animals. Most HEV 3 and 4 infections are clinically inapparent. However, genotype 3 (HEV 3) can lead to chronic hepatitis in immuno-compromised patients such as organ-transplant recipients and patients with haematological malignancies. In Europe, HEV 3 is implicated in transfusion-transmitted HEV infection. In France, as observed in several European countries, prevalence of HEV RNA and specific IgG antibodies are high indicating that viral circulation is important. The systematic HEV NAT screening of blood donations used for preparation of solvent detergent plasma indicate that 1 to 2218 donation is infected by HEV RNA. The need or implementation's impacts of safety measures to prevent HEV transmission by blood transfusion are under reflexion by French's health authorities. The HEV NAT screening is the only available tool of prevention. Alternative strategies are under investigation including individual or mini pool NAT testing all or part of blood donations.
Published: 2014

43. Hepatitis E and blood donation safety in selected European countries: a shift to screening?

Author: Anna Rita Ciccaglione, Dragoslav Domanovic, Richard S. Tedder, Christoph Niederhauser, Hans L. Zaaijer, Benoit Flan, Constatina Politis, Pierre Gallian, Guy Rautmann, Patricia E. Hewitt, Maria São José Nascimento, Wahiba Oualikene-Gonin, Fiona Boland, Joan O'Riordan, Cornelia Adlhoch, Lene Holm Harritshøj, Paul Strengers, Silvia Sauleda Oliveras, Johannes Blümel, Centre for Virology, department of infection, University College of London [London] (UCL), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Groupe de Recherche sur le Handicap Ventilatoire (GRHV), Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro [Portugal] (UTAD), Technological Educational Institute of Athens (TEI ), LFB Biomédicaments, AII - Infectious diseases, AII - Amsterdam institute for Infection and Immunity, Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), CHU Rouen, Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institute for Research and Innovation in Biomedicine (IRIB), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), and Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Pediatrics, Blood transfusion, Epidemiology, medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], viruses, DONORS, Blood Donors, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease_cause, 0302 clinical medicine, Hepatitis E virus, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Medicine, Mass Screening, 030212 general & internal medicine, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, POPULATION, PLASMA, Transmission (medicine), SEROPREVALENCE, virus diseases, E VIRUS-INFECTION, Hepatitis E, 3. Good health, PREVALENCE, Europe, Infectious Diseases, blood donation, RNA, Viral, Viral hepatitis, Life Sciences & Biomedicine, 0605 Microbiology, medicine.medical_specialty, TRANSMISSION, Blood Safety, HEV INFECTION, Euroroundup, hepatitis E virus, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 03 medical and health sciences, TRANSFUSION, Virology, Environmental health, Seroprevalence, Humans, Blood Transfusion, Mass screening, Europe/epidemiology, Hepatitis E/blood, Hepatitis E/diagnosis, Hepatitis E/epidemiology, Hepatitis E/prevention & control, Hepatitis E/transmission, Hepatitis E virus/genetics, Hepatitis E virus/isolation & purification, RNA, Viral/blood, Transfusion Reaction, screening, transfusion, transmission, Science & Technology, business.industry, Public health, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, medicine.disease, digestive system diseases, RNA, business, 1199 Other Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract: The public health implications of hepatitis E virus (HEV) in Europe have changed due to increasing numbers of hepatitis E cases and recent reports of chronic, persistent HEV infections associated with progression to cirrhosis in immunosuppressed patients. The main infectious risk for such immunosuppressed patients is exposure to undercooked infected pork products and blood transfusion. We summarised the epidemiology of HEV infections among blood donors and also outlined any strategies to prevent transfusion-transmitted HEV, in 11 European countries. In response to the threat posed by HEV and related public and political concerns, most of the observed countries determined seroprevalence of HEV in donors and presence of HEV RNA in blood donations. France, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom (UK) reported cases of transfusion-transmitted HEV. Ireland and the UK have already implemented HEV RNA screening of blood donations; the Netherlands will start in 2017. Germany and France perform screening for HEV RNA in several blood establishments or plasma donations intended for use in high-risk patients respectively and, with Switzerland, are considering implementing selective or universal screening nationwide. In Greece, Portugal, Italy and Spain, the blood authorities are evaluating the situation. Denmark decided not to implement the HEV screening of blood donations.
Published: 2017

44. Comparison of hepatitis E virus nucleic acid test screening platforms and RNA prevalence in French blood donors

Author: Azzedine Assal, Pierre Gallian, Isabelle Dupont, Anne Couchouron, Cécile Fabra, Yves Piquet, Pierre Tiberghien, Rachid Djoudi, Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté])-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), and Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS BFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030106 microbiology, Immunology, MEDLINE, Blood Donors, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Viral genetics, Hepatitis E virus, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, RNA, Nucleic acid test, Hematology, Virology, Hepatitis C, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, RNA, Viral, business, Nucleic Acid Amplification Techniques
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2017

45. Epidemiology of Chikungunya Virus Outbreaks in Guadeloupe and Martinique, 2014: An Observational Study in Volunteer Blood Donors

Author: Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, Rachid Djoudi, Xavier de Lamballerie, Rémi N. Charrel, Pierre Gallian, Pascale Richard, Françoise Maire, Jacques Chiaroni, Pierre Tiberghien, Olivier Flusin, Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane - UFR des sciences médicales (UAG UFR SM), Université des Antilles et de la Guyane (UAG), Etablissement français du sang [Fort-de-France, Martinique] (EFS Martinique), French National Reference Centre for Arboviruses, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées [Brétigny-sur-Orge] (IRBA), Unité des Virus Emergents (UVE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Anthropologie bio-culturelle, Droit, Ethique et Santé (ADES), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-EFS ALPES MEDITERRANEE-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), European Project: 653316,H2020,H2020-INFRAIA-2014-2015,EVAg(2015), European Project: ENIVD, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), IRBA Armed Forces Biomedical Research Institute, Dubois Frid, Caroline, European Virus Archive goes global - EVAg - - H20202015-04-01 - 2019-03-31 - 653316 - VALID, European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control - ENIVD - INCOMING, and Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées (IRBA)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Male, Volunteers, RNA viruses, Viral Diseases, Physiology, Attack rate, medicine.disease_cause, Antibodies, Viral, Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Vascular Medicine, Geographical locations, 0302 clinical medicine, Seroepidemiologic Studies, [SDV.MHEP.MI]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Medicine and Health Sciences, Medicine, Chikungunya, Prospective Studies, Guadeloupe, [SDV.MHEP.ME] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Islands, education.field_of_study, [SDV.MHEP.ME]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Emerging diseases, Incidence (epidemiology), lcsh:Public aspects of medicine, Hematology, Middle Aged, 3. Good health, Body Fluids, Blood, Infectious Diseases, Medical Microbiology, Viral Pathogens, Viruses, [SDV.MHEP.MI] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Infectious diseases, Female, Chikungunya infection, Pathogens, Anatomy, Martinique, Chikungunya virus, Research Article, Neglected Tropical Diseases, Adult, lcsh:Arctic medicine. Tropical medicine, lcsh:RC955-962, Alphaviruses, 030231 tropical medicine, Population, Context (language use), Blood donors, Microbiology, Togaviruses, 03 medical and health sciences, Young Adult, Seroprevalence, Humans, Viremia, Blood Donation, education, Microbial Pathogens, Aged, Retrospective Studies, Caribbean, Biology and life sciences, business.industry, Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health, Organisms, Outbreak, lcsh:RA1-1270, Tropical Diseases, Virology, Health Care, 030104 developmental biology, [SDV.SPEE] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, North America, Chikungunya Fever, [SDV.SPEE]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Santé publique et épidémiologie, Blood groups, People and places, business
Abstract: Background During Dec-2013, a chikungunya virus (CHIKV) outbreak was first detected in the French-West Indies. Subsequently, the virus dispersed to other Caribbean islands, continental America and many islands in the Pacific Ocean. Previous estimates of the attack rate were based on declaration of clinically suspected cases. Methods/Principal findings Individual testing for CHIKV RNA of all (n = 16,386) blood donations between Feb-24th 2014 and Jan-31st 2015 identified 0·36% and 0·42% of positives in Guadeloupe and Martinique, respectively. The incidence curves faithfully correlated with those of suspected clinical cases in the general population of Guadeloupe (abrupt epidemic peak), but not in Martinique (flatter epidemic growth). No significant relationship was identified between CHIKV RNA detection and age-classes or blood groups. Prospective (Feb-2014 to Jan-2015; n = 9,506) and retrospective (Aug-2013 to Feb-2014; n = 6,559) seroepidemiological surveys in blood donors identified a final seroprevalence of 48·1% in Guadeloupe and 41·9% in Martinique. Retrospective survey also suggested the absence or limited "silent" CHIKV circulation before the outbreak. Parameters associated with increased seroprevalence were: Gender (M>F), KEL-1, [RH+1/KEL-1], [A/RH+1] and [A/RH+1/KEL-1] blood groups in Martiniquan donors. A simulation model based on observed incidence and actual seroprevalence values predicted 2·5 and 2·3 days of asymptomatic viraemia in Martiniquan and Guadeloupian blood donors respectively. Conclusions/Significance This study, implemented promptly with relatively limited logistical requirements during CHIKV emergence in the Caribbean, provided unique information regarding retrospective and prospective epidemiology, infection risk factors and natural history of the disease. In the stressful context of emerging infectious disease outbreaks, blood donor-based studies can serve as robust and cost-effective first-line tools for public health surveys., Author Summary Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an emerging mosquito-borne arbovirus responsible of a large outbreak since December 2013 in the Americas from French islands in the Caribbean. Documentation of the epidemic was based on the survey of clinically suspected cases, providing limited information on the incidence of the disease overtime and the herd immunity of the general population at the end of the outbreak. Our study improved blood donors specimen collection and data obtained from the Nucleic Acid Testing (NAT) screening implemented during the outbreak in order to prevent CHIKV transmission by blood products. After an 11 month follow up, we determine for Martinique and Guadeloupe islands the CHIKV-RNA positive rate: 0.42% and 0.36% respectively and the final IgG seroprevalence: 41.2% and 48.1%. Using a simulation model, we estimate the CHIKV duration of asymptomatic viremia to be between 2.3 and 2.5 days. Our findings will help in the comprehension of the natural history of infection and provide helpful data for prevention of Transfusion transmitted infections. Our study provides evidence that monitoring of Chikungunya infection based on NAT screening of voluntary blood donors can be implemented rapidly and provides real-time epidemiological information. This should be of specific relevance to the case of epidemics caused by viral infections with high numbers of asymptomatic forms such as observed with the currently emerging Zika virus.
Published: 2017

46. Zika virus in asymptomatic blood donors in Martinique

Author: Pascale Richard, André Cabié, Rémi N. Charrel, Boris Pastorino, Laure Paturel, Pierre Gallian, Xavier de Lamballerie, Isabelle Leparc-Goffart, and Pierre Tiberghien
Subjects: Adult, Male, Microcephaly, Immunology, Blood Donors, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Dengue virus, medicine.disease_cause, Biochemistry, Asymptomatic, Donor Selection, Zika virus, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, medicine, Humans, Seroprevalence, Martinique, 030212 general & internal medicine, biology, Zika Virus Infection, Transmission (medicine), business.industry, Zika Virus, Cell Biology, Hematology, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease, Virology, 3. Good health, Flavivirus, Female, medicine.symptom, business
Abstract: Zika fever is an Aedes-borne disease caused by a flavivirus (Zika virus, ZIKV, genus Flavivirus). During the past years ZIKV spread in Polynesia, South-America and the Caribbean. Most ZIKV infections are asymptomatic or result in mild febrile disease with rash and conjunctivitis. Attention was recently drawn to non-vectored ZIKV transmission, including sexual, probable blood-borne and mother-to-fetus transmission, and to severe forms such as Guillain-Barre syndrome, acute neurological infections and fetal abnormalities (including microcephaly). Many aspects of Zika fever natural history remain unknown, e.g. the proportion of asymptomatic cases and the duration of viremia. Estimating the prevalence of Zika infections is difficult because a large proportion of infected individuals do not seek medical attention and seroprevalence studies are hampered by antigenic cross-reactivity with other flaviviruses, e.g. dengue virus. Here, we present a study of ZIKV infection in blood donors from Martinique island (French West Indies, Caribbean region), with novel epidemiological, biological and clinical information that refine the picture of Zika fever in adults.
Published: 2017
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47. Vox Sanguinis International Forum on donor notification and counselling strategies for markers of transfusion-transmissible infections: summary

Author: E. Zhiburt, D. Teo, Pierre Gallian, Patricia E. Hewitt, W. C. Tsoi, Mark Bigham, Rachid Djoudi, Miquel Lozano, Senarath Banda Abeykoon Jayasekara, Salwa Hindawi, J. N. S. Leung, Margaret Fearon, D. Kessler, Geneviève Woimant, J. Chay, T. Huang, Harumichi Matsukura, Suchet Sachdev, P. J. M. van den Burg, A. G. Bokhorst, N. Shantseva, Celso Bianco, N. Moleli, Neelam Marwaha, Yoshihiko Tani, S. Oyonarte, R.R. Sharma, Kenji Tadokoro, Cheuk-Kwong Lee, Department of Hemotherapy and Hemostasis, University Clinical Hospital, Institute for Study of Earth, Oceans and Space, University of New Hampshire (UNH), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Hôpital Saint-Vincent de Paul, National Changhua University of Education (NCUE), Tohoku National Fisheries Research Institute, National Fisheries Research Institute, Department of Biological Environment, Akita University, Institute of Biomedical sciences, Academia Sinica, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM), and National Changhua University of Education
Subjects: Genotyping, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, MESH: Phenotype, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Antigen, MESH: Genotyping Techniques, Genotype, MESH: Gene Frequency, Medicine, Multiplex, Allele, Allele frequency, High prevalence, MESH: Humans, MESH: Blood Group Antigens, business.industry, MESH: Alleles, MESH: Blood Donors, Allele frequencies, Hematology, General Medicine, MESH: Mali, MESH: Male, 3. Good health, Immunology, Africa, business, MESH: Female, 030215 immunology
Abstract: International audience; We determined the frequencies of clinically relevant blood group alleles in 300 blood donors from Mali. Multiplex test based on xMAP technology was used to investigate six blood group systems (RH, KEL, MNS, FY, JK, DO, HPA) and complementary analysis were conducted for MNS and RH systems. Polymorphisms that affect the specificity of molecular tests leading to discrepant genotype results are discussed. Antigen expressions were predicted showing that 50% of donors expressed at least one traditional low prevalence antigen, and 11.6% lacked the ability to express at least one high prevalence antigen compatible with Dob-, HPA1a-, S-s-U-, Jsb-, RH:-31 and/or RH:-34 phenotypes.
Published: 2016

48. Organizing the Donation of Convalescent Plasma for a Therapeutic Clinical Trial on Ebola Virus Disease: The Experience in Guinea

Author: Maya Ronse, Bienvenu Salim Camara, Kadio Jean Jacques Olivier Kadio, Jean Pe Kolie, Patricia Chavarin, Achille Diona Guemou, Almudena Mari-Saez, Pierre Gallian, Alexandre Delamou, Maaike De Crop, Chantal Jacquot, Nyankoye Haba, Jan Jacobs, Catherine Lazaygues, Lutgarde Lynen, Anja De Weggheleire, Johan van Griensven, Auvergne-Loire Regional Blood Bank (EFS Auvergne-Loire), Saint-Etienne, Ministère de la santé, Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, ESTHER Phase 2 Project (INT 108), Lux-Development SA (LuxDev), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux (LIEC), and Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Blood transfusion, medicine.medical_treatment, Blood Donors, Context (language use), 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, medicine.disease_cause, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Virology, medicine, Humans, media_common.cataloged_instance, Blood Transfusion, Survivors, 030212 general & internal medicine, European union, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, media_common, Clinical Trials as Topic, Ebola virus, business.industry, [SDV.MHEP.HEM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Hematology, Plasmapheresis, Articles, Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola, 3. Good health, Surgery, Clinical trial, Infectious Diseases, Donation, Needs assessment, Emergency medicine, Female, Guinea, Parasitology, business
Abstract: Although convalescent plasma (CP) transfusion was prioritized among potential Ebola treatments by the World Health Organization, there were concerns on the feasibility of its implementation. We report on the successful organization of donor mobilization and plasma collection as part of the Ebola-Tx clinical trial from November 2014 to July 2015 in Conakry, Guinea. Project implementation registers, tools and reports, mission reports, and minutes of research team meetings were used to reconstruct the sequence of events on how donor mobilization was organized, plasmapheresis was set up, and how effective this approach was in collecting CP. An initial needs assessment of the Guinean National Blood Transfusion Center resulted in targeted training of staff on site, resulting in autonomy and independent production of CP within 3 months. The Conakry Ebola Survivors Association played a direct role in donor mobilization and organization of CP donations. A total of 98 Ebola survivors were screened for plasma donation, of which 84 were found eligible for plasmapheresis. Of these, 26 (30.9%) were excluded. The remaining 58 donors made a total of 90 donations, corresponding to 50.9 L of CP. This sufficed to treat the 99 eligible patients enrolled in the trial. Within a poor resource emergency context, transfusion capacity could be rapidly improved through the strengthening of local capacities and gradual transfer of skills coupled with active involvement of Ebola survivors. However, large-scale plasma collection or multisite studies may require further adaptations of both strategy and logistics. The Ebola-Tx trial was funded by the European Union and others.
Published: 2016

49. A nationwide survey of hepatitis E virus infection in French blood donors

Author: Jacques Izopet, Karine Sauné, Dominique Legrand, Pierre Tiberghien, B. Pelletier, Pierre Gallian, Pascal Morel, Catherine Arnaud, Jean Michel Mansuy, Chloé Dimeglio, Virology, University Hospital, Institut Hospitalier Universitaire Méditerranée Infection (IHU Marseille), Emergence des Pathologies Virales (EPV), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Marseille (APHM)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Etablissement Français du Sang - Alpes-Méditerranée (EFS - Alpes-Méditerranée), Etablissement Français du Sang, Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse UMR5219 (IMT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Virology, Toulouse University hospital, Centre de Nouméa, Biogéodynamique Supergène et Géomorphologie Tropicale, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Laboratoire des sciences et techniques de l'information, de la communication et de la connaissance (Lab-STICC), École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Etablissement Français du Sang [La Plaine Saint-Denis] (EFS), Interactions hôte-greffon-tumeur, ingénierie cellulaire et génique - UFC (UMR INSERM 1098) (RIGHT), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté]), Laboratoire de Virologie [Toulouse], CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Université européenne de Bretagne - European University of Brittany (UEB)-École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Brest (ENIB)-Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Télécom Bretagne-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-École Nationale Supérieure de Techniques Avancées Bretagne (ENSTA Bretagne)-Institut Mines-Télécom [Paris] (IMT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Etablissement français du sang [Bourgogne-Franche-Comté] (EFS BFC)-Université de Franche-Comté (UFC), Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC), Laboratoire Virologie [CHU Toulouse], Institut Fédératif de Biologie (IFB), and Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse)-Pôle Biologie [CHU Toulouse]
Subjects: Male, 0301 basic medicine, Veterinary medicine, Cross-sectional study, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Blood Donors, medicine.disease_cause, Immunoglobulin G, 0302 clinical medicine, Hepatitis E virus, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Surveys and Questionnaires, Epidemiology, Prevalence, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, biology, Middle Aged, Hepatitis E, 3. Good health, [SDV.MP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology, [SDV.MP.VIR]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Microbiology and Parasitology/Virology, Female, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, France, Adult, medicine.medical_specialty, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Risk Assessment, Statistics, Nonparametric, 03 medical and health sciences, Wild boar, biology.animal, Internal medicine, Disease Transmission, Infectious, medicine, Humans, Seroprevalence, Hepatitis Antibodies, Chi-Square Distribution, Hepatology, business.industry, medicine.disease, Cross-Sectional Studies, 030104 developmental biology, Immunology, biology.protein, business
Abstract: Most cases of hepatitis E viral (HEV) infection in developed countries are autochthonous. Nevertheless, the reported seroprevalence of HEV varies greatly depending on the geographical area and the performance of the immunoassay used. We used validated assays to determine the prevalence of anti-HEV immunoglobulin G (IgG) and IgM among 10,569 French blood donors living in mainland France and three overseas areas. Epidemiological information was collected using a specific questionnaire. We found an overall IgG seroprevalence of 22.4% (8%-86.4%) depending on the geographical area (P < 0.001). The presence of anti-HEV IgG was associated with increasing age (P < 0.001) and eating pork meat (P = 0.03), pork liver sausages (P < 0.001), game meat (P < 0.01), offal (P < 0.001), and oysters (P = 0.02). Conversely, drinking bottled water was associated with a lower rate of anti-HEV IgG (P = 0.02). Overall IgM seroprevalence was 1% (0%-4.6%). The frequency of anti-HEV IgM was higher in donors living in a high anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence area (1.9% versus 0.7%, P < 0.001) and in those eating pork liver sausage (1.4% versus 0.7%, P < 0.01), pâte (1% versus 0.4, P = 0.04), and wild boar (1.3% versus 0.7%, P < 0.01). Conclusion: HEV is endemic in France and hyperendemic in some areas; eating habits alone cannot totally explain the exposure to HEV, and contaminated water could contribute to the epidemiology of HEV infection in France. (Hepatology 2016;63:1145–1154)
Published: 2016

50. Analysis of hepatitis C virus strains circulating in Republic of the Congo

Author: François Jordier, Jean-François Cantaloube, Philippe Biagini, Jacques Chiaroni, Amelia Bokilo, Pierre Gallian, Philippe de Micco, and Houssam Attoui
Subjects: 0303 health sciences, biology, Molecular epidemiology, Hepacivirus, Hepatitis C virus, Hepatitis C, medicine.disease, biology.organism_classification, medicine.disease_cause, Virology, 3. Good health, Serology, 03 medical and health sciences, Flaviviridae, 0302 clinical medicine, Infectious Diseases, Immunology, Genotype, medicine, Seroprevalence, 030211 gastroenterology & hepatology, 030304 developmental biology
Abstract: The aim of this study was to assess the seroprevalence, viremia, genotype distribution, and demographic history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) in the Republic of the Congo. Testing was carried out on sera samples collected in 2005 from 807 Bantus belonging to the Kongo, Teke, and Ngala subgroups and 80 Pygmies. Positive HCV serology was found in 50 (5.6%) individuals including31 (60%) who were viremic. Seroprevalence increased with age with a cutoff at 50 years:2.8% 50. Twenty-one strains belonged to four described subtypes, that is, 4c in eight cases, 4h in two, 4k in three, and 4r in eight. Ten strains could not be assigned to any known subtype and may represent six new variants, that is, subtype 4 in five cases and subtype 2 in one. Evolutionary analysis of subtype 4c and 4r sequences indicated a period of enhanced transmission in the mid-twentieth century probably due to iatrogenic causes. This study underlines the high genetic diversity of strains in the Republic of the Congo with nine subtypes 4 and one subtype 2.
Published: 2010

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