1. 3D genome organization in the central nervous system, implications for neuropsychological disorders
- Author
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Yan Jiang, Jie Weng, Yuhao Dong, and Daijing Sun
- Subjects
Cell Nucleus ,Central Nervous System ,Genome ,Mechanism (biology) ,Central nervous system ,Neuropsychology ,Computational biology ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Chromatin ,Chromosomes ,Eukaryotic Cells ,22q11 Deletion Syndrome ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Schizophrenia ,Genetics ,medicine ,Trinucleotide repeat expansion ,Molecular Biology ,Genomic organization - Abstract
Chromosomes in eukaryotic cell nuclei are highly compacted and finely organized into hierarchical three-dimensional (3D) configuration. In recent years, scientists have gained deeper understandings of 3D genome structures and revealed novel evidence linking 3D genome organization to various important cell events on the molecular level. Most importantly, alteration of 3D genome architecture has emerged as an intriguing higher order mechanism that connects disease-related genetic variants in multiple heterogenous and polygenic neuropsychological disorders, delivering novel insights into the etiology. In this review, we provide a brief overview of the hierarchical structures of 3D genome and two proposed regulatory models, loop extrusion and phase separation. We then focus on recent Hi-C data in the central nervous system and discuss 3D genome alterations during normal brain development and in mature neurons. Most importantly, we make a comprehensive review on current knowledge and discuss the role of 3D genome in multiple neuropsychological disorders, including schizophrenia, repeat expansion disorders, 22q11 deletion syndrome, and others.
- Published
- 2021