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The INFORM project is carried out as a mixed-methods study with both qualitative and quantitative methods, using moderated focus groups and guided individual interviews as well as a standardized online-survey. First, profession-specific online-discussions are carried out with staff working clinically in medical rehabilitation to determine their specific needs in terms of rehabilitation-related skills which are required but may not have been adequately learned during qualification (work package 1). This is followed by focus groups within the interprofessional rehabilitation teams at the rehabilitation facilities to evaluate their common needs regarding interprofessional cooperation as well as implications for joint training offers in medical rehabilitation (work package 2). In order to determine the view of the clinical/administrative management on further training needs of the rehabilitation team or each of the profession-groups, guided individual interviews are conducted with the management (work package 3). Finally, the project will be finished with an anonymous online-survey in which the qualitative results from the focus groups and interviews are to be quantified and verified using a questionnaire which will be distributed among staff from the various health professions in medical rehabilitation (work package 4).

The ability to quickly step is an important strategy to avoid a fall. However, real-world settings often constrain a stepping path. Such constraints necessitate response inhibition to prevent an inappropriate step and select a new course of action to ultimately recover balance. The present study investigated neural mechanisms that underlie this ability to stop a highly automatic balance recovery step. In the field of cognitive neuroscience, response inhibition has typically been researched using focal hand reaction tasks performed by seated participants. This approach combined with neuroimaging has revealed a neural stopping network, which includes the right Inferior Frontal Gyrus (right IFG) as a key node in this network. It is unclear if the same brain-based stopping networks suppress a prepotent balance reaction since compensatory balance reactions are subcortically triggered, multi-segmental responses that are much faster than voluntary reactions. To test this, functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) was used to measure brain activity in 21 young adults (ages 18-30) as they performed a balance recovery task that demanded rapid step suppression following postural perturbation. The hypothesis was that the right IFG would show heightened activity when suppressing an automatic balance recovery step. A lean and-release system was used to impose temporally unpredictable forward perturbations by releasing participants from a supported forward lean. For most trials (80%), participants were told to recover balance by quickly stepping forward. However, on 20% of trials at random, a high-pitch tone was played immediately after postural perturbation signaling participants to suppress a step and fully relax into a catch harness. This allowed us to target the ability to cancel an already initiated step in a balance recovery context. Average Oxygenated hemoglobin (HbO2) changes were contrasted between step and stop trials, 1-6 seconds post perturbation. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA tested for main effects with condition 4 (Step, Stop), and hemisphere (right, left) and for the interaction. Post hoc analysis was performed using paired t-test comparisons between Step and Stop trials for each channel (Bonferroni correction applied). Two-way, repeated measures ANOVA showed no significant interaction (F1, 20 = 1.212, p = 0.284) between factors and no significant main effect for hemisphere (F1, 20 = 0.282, p = 0.601). However, there was a significant main effect for condition where Stop trials produced a greater response compared to Step trials (F1, 20 = 31.617, p < 0.001). Follow-up analysis revealed a significant increase in three of the seven channels on each hemisphere. Consistent with the hypothesis, the results showed a greater prefrontal response during stopping trials, supporting the idea that executive brain networks are active when suppressing a balance recovery step. Contrary to our hypothesis, a similar increased response for stop trials was observed in both hemispheres indicating that step suppression was not limited to right IFG control, at least not as currently measured. This study demonstrates one way in which higher brain processes may help us prevent falls in complex environments where behavioral flexibility is necessary. This study also presents a novel method for assessing response inhibition in an upright postural context where rapid stepping reactions are required.

Selenium methionine (Se Met) is an essential micronutrient required for normal body function and is associated with additional health benefits. However, oral administration of Se Met can be challenging due to its purported narrow therapeutic index, low oral bioavailability, and high susceptibility to oxidation. To address these issues, Se Met was entrapped in z e i n-coated nanoparticles made from chitosan using an ionic gelation formulation. The high stability of both the Se Met and s e l e n o methionine nanoparticles (Se Met-NPs) was established using cultured human intestinal and liver epithelial cells, rat liver homogenates, and rat intestinal homogenates and lumen washes. Minimal cytotoxicity to Caco-2 and HepG2 cells was observed for Se Met and Se Met-NPs. Antioxidant properties of Se Met were revealed using a Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) assay, based on the observation of a concentration-dependent reduction in the build-up of peroxides, hydroxides and hydroxyl radicals in Caco-2 cells exposed to Se Met (6.25–100 M). The basal apparent permeability coefficient (Papp) of Se Met across isolated rat jejunal mucosae mounted in U s s i n g chambers was low, but the Papp was increased when presented in NP. Se Met had minimal effects on the electrogenic ion secretion of rat jejunal and colonic mucosae in U s s i n g chambers. Intra-jejunal injections of Se Met-NPs to rats yielded increased plasma levels of Se Met after 3 h for the Se Met-NPs compared to free Se Met. Overall, there is potential to further develop Se Met-NPs for oral supplementation due to the increased intestinal permeability, versus free Se Met, and the low potential for toxicity.

This scoping review aims to explore medicine and paramedic students’ experiences of sexual harassment during clinical placement. The review will also explore the adverse effects of sexual harassment as a paramedic and medicine student.

the present systematic review aimed to investigate the etiology behind pylephlebitis in terms of pathogens involved and causative infective processes, and to report the most common symptoms at clinical presentation by analyzing data derived from case reports and series systematically as defined by Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

This project consists of a scoping review to assess information available on public health programs for the prevention of pelvic floor disorders (PFD). We will review, collect, and analyze the data available worldwide. This data is often sparse, heterogeneous, published in several languages and scattered amongst different nations making it very complex. The data gathered will be utilized to propose a public health program focused on both prevention and treatment of pelvic floor disorders. We hope to make this program applicable to the Edmonton population provided by the Urogynecologist from the Urogynecology Wellness Clinic, housed at the Lois Hole Hospital for Women in Edmonton, Alberta. This program will lead to the improvement of the quality of life of women living with PFDs and improve women’s health.

Study protocol for three work packages

This will be a scoping review of how prescription warnings in electronic health records affect alert fatigue.

To determine whether scores from the two most widely-used Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) and Standard for Logarithmic Visual Acuity (SLVA) acuity charts are comparable.

This study aims to scope the literature around PrEP/PEP in India. The Objectives of the study are; 1) To review the attitudes towards PrEP/PEP among people at risk of HIV in India 2) To summarize the evidence related to the attitudes towards PrEP/PEP among healthcare professionals in India.

As there are no precise guidelines about the salivary biomarkers correlated with the diagnosis of diabetes, a review was conducted to verify whether saliva analysis can be feasible, and which biomarkers are more reliable, for the diagnosis of this disease.

Exercise immunology is the discipline that seeks to investigate the effects of exercise on the immune system of human beings. With advancing chronological age, the thymus (i.e., the organ responsible for T cell enhancement) involutes, which reduces the efficiency of the immune system, especially T cells. On the other hand, being physically conditioned provides long-term improvement of the immune system, regardless of age. However, it is known that strenuous exercise favors negative changes in the immune system. Thus, it is possible that changes in immunological factors after strenuous exercise depend on chronological age and level of physical conditioning.

This systematic review will synthesise the literature pertaining to psychophysiological measurement of cognitive processing during and after cancer. The following protocol was developed using the preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement

Risk of bias is central to the appraisal of evidence and refers to the internal validity of a study, that is the extent to which a study is impacted by systematic errors. There are various tools for assessing risk of bias. These include the Cochrane Risk of Bias (RoB) 2.0 tool for randomised trials, Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale, Effective practice and Organisation of Care (EPOC) RoB Tool, Critical Appraisal Skills Programme (CASP) checklist, Scottish Intercollegiate Guidelines Network (SIGN) methodology checklist and the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) critical appraisal checklist. However, most risks of bias occur due to limitations of the methods in the study design. There are no known models that play a role to predict an RCTs risk of bias during the design stage, and it is unclear whether an existing risk of bias assessment tool can be modified for this purpose. RCTs are prospective studies which aim to measure the effectiveness of interventions (e.g., pharmaceutical agents, surgical interventions or even therapeutic or preventative therapies). The design involves assigning individuals at random to one or more clinical interventions, which are then followed prospectively, with outcomes of interest and comparisons between the control and intervention groups documented. The Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool is an updated version of the original Cochrane Risk of Bias tool which was one of the most widely utilised tools for assessing risk of bias in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). The RoB 2.0 tool has five domains, which consider both aspects of empirical evidence and theoretical considerations. These domains are: (i) Bias arising from the randomisation process, applying to the whole study; (ii) Bias due to the deviations from intended interventions, applying to the outcome being measured; (iii) Bias due to missing outcome data; (iv) Bias in measurement of the outcome; and, (v) Bias in selection of the reported result, applying to the specific result. RCTs are regarded as the ‘gold standard’ for proving evidence in healthcare interventions. The aim of a RCT is to reduce sources of bias during the study process. The primary goal of random assignment of individuals to interventions is to minimise selection bias by randomly distributing patient variables that may impact outcome between groups. The process of randomisation increases the chances that any variation in observed outcomes across groups is most likely related to the intervention rather than any other cause. Randomisation is critical to reducing bias as it provides an effective measure of the cause-effect relationship between interventions and outcomes by ensuring that only one factor is tested at a time and that no other variables are present that could introduce bias and influence results. Examples of other ways bias can increase could be due to poor blinding or concealment. High risk of bias is considered when the study’s design or methodology could play a significant role in influencing results further leading to inaccurate conclusions. Assessing risk of bias typically occurs during or after study completion. The assessment is usually informally conducted by peer reviewers, who provide their critical evaluation of the study, or formally by systematic reviewers and/or guideline developers, who assess the strength of evidence across multiple studies. During the design stage of an RCT, it is important that researchers are mindful of potential sources of bias that can arise so that adequate strategies can be implemented.

Clinical trials need to ensure that data collected for interventions reflects the population most likely to benefit from these interventions. A recent study of clinical trial participants between 1997 and 2014 across 29 countries found that nearly 86% were identified as White. Another study found that, despite having a higher risk of developing dementia, the Black population are underrepresented in Alzheimer’s disease trials, as only 2% of participants were Black. Lack of diversity is a mirror for broader social and economic inequities, often limiting individual’s access to health care system. While there is growing recognition of equity, diversity and inclusion (EDI) in clinical trials, its current use appears undermotivated due to a lack of understanding of EDI and barriers to prompting EDI. Conceptualizing EDI is vital for addressing disparities in health and understanding how EDI influences clinical practice. Recent guidelines and recommendations from the US National Academics of Science, Engineering and Medicine (NASEM) call for both individual and system-level efforts to drive inclusion and diversity in clinical trials. The past few years have seen a massive growth in global awareness for EDI; fostering conversations that have revealed asymmetries in power and privilege across the fabric of health and research. These global conversations have increased demand for better conceptualization of EDI, understanding the nuances of EDI constructs, measurements, and interpretation of EDI and related findings within the context of clinical trials. Previous studies on this topic fall short of defining the social constructs underpinning EDI, conceptualization and metrics for assessing them.

As the population in the world is getting older, there is a rise in older adults living with cognitive impairments. This causes challenges within the healthcare services as almost 50% of those with cognitive impairments will need help at a nursing home. Despite this, the capacity in nursing homes has been reduced, leading to a nursing home population with higher age, a more complex array of symptoms, and in need of more comprehensive support. In Norway, almost 92% of nursing home residents have a cognitive impairment which is characterized by pronounced symptoms that affect daily activity, physical function, cognition, and behavior. Presently, there are few economical and personal resources used on maintenance of physical activity among nursing home residents . This is partly due to lack of space, lack of knowledge about maintenance of physical function and activity among employees, and the decreased physical function among the residents. It is desirable to achieve increased everyday physical activity through implementation of goal-oriented physical activity that do not require excessive time usage for the employees. Furthermore, the activity should seek to include a purpose for the residents, such as simple everyday chores like setting the table and folding towels. Previous studies have demonstrated that nursing home residents manage to participate in regular activity over a longer period of time and that despite their condition, most residents are able to understand instructions and are motivated to participate in different activities. There are, however, major challenges in facilitating the maintenance of physical activity interventions over a longer period in nursing homes, and we need more knowledge on how to best implement activity in the nursing home service. The aim of this study is therefore to examine how employees at nursing homes in Trondheim municipality experience facilitators, needs, and barriers of physical activity among nursing home residents.

The gap between research evidence and policy-making is a persistent issue, resulting in an inefficient use of resources and an inadequate response to public issues. Knowledge translation aims to bridge this gap by developing evidence-based formats that disseminate, understand and use information in real-world settings. Policy briefs are one such format that can assist policymakers to make evidence-informed decisions, yet there is no standardisation on how and when to conduct policy briefs. With this scoping review we aim to give an overview of recommendations and guidelines regarding the structure, format, lengths, layout and key characteristics of policy briefs to inform policy decision-making from health science academia. Further, we will explore the point in time at which those policy briefs should be developed and how they can be disseminated and evaluated. Relevant literature will be searched in PubMed, Embase as well as through additional manual searches. Eligibility screening will be conducted by two independent reviewers. Data will be extracted and synthesised alongside pre-defined items.

This preregistration describes the protocol for a methodological review of patient and public involvement in the design of external randomised pilot trials.

The main objective of this scoping review was to identify evidence regarding the adjunct of virtual reality (VR) in dentistry in healthy patients (ASA I and II) with dental anxiety. The methodology of this review was based on the PRISMA checklist for scoping reviews (PRISMA-ScR checklist) and JBI guidance. The Population, Concept and Context structure were applied in order to determine eligibility criteria and search terms. A literature search strategy was carried out in PubMed and EMBASE databases on September 2nd 2021. Only studies with an available full text in English were included. Two reviewers performed the article search, selection and screening in a blinded manner. The same reviewers performed the data extraction by means of tables and graphs. In total, 43 studies were included in this scoping review, of which 34 interventional studies (mainly RCTs, CCTs and case series studies) and nine systematic reviews with/without meta-analysis. Nineteen included interventional studies were also involved in the included systematic reviews. VR was applied in pediatric dentistry, oral surgery (tooth extraction), dental caries treatment, periodontology, wound care after burn injury, upper extremity surgery, immunization and medical imaging. While using VR during dental treatment, 21 articles showed a significant reduction in anxiety and pain perception, nine articles reported a reduction in blood pressure and pulse rate, one article reported the decrease of the salivary cortisol levels. The application of VR in dentistry is reported to be user-friendly, mentioned by two articles. Adverse events due to the application of VR in dentistry go from mild nausea (12 studies) to severe dizziness, seizures, eye or muscle twitching, or blackouts triggered by light flashes (one study). No data regarding cost and maintenance were found in the included articles. VR is applied as an adjunct to dental treatment of healthy patients (ASA I and II) in diverse fields in dentistry, but reports in endodontology are lacking. It seems to decrease the patients’ anxiety, pain perception, blood pressure, pulse rate and salivary cortisol level during dental treatment. Taking into account the potential adverse effects and potential cost, it seems to be easy-to-use in dentistry.

This scoping review systematically reviews the literature on the topic of driving following surgery to the upper limb.

A study of handedness among doctors in Nigeria

There are supporting data contained in our research

This is an integrative review study with the objective of analyzing the evidence available in the literature on the use of palliative sedation to control existential suffering in patients with serious illnesses.

See submitted Gut Feelings manuscript or ACTRN12617000795392 for trial background. The aim of the current analysis was to evaluate the effect of psychobiotics on the gut microbiome.

To describe exercise interventions, identify specific components (e.g., dosage) and assess whether the current body of research reaches the suggested quality level of reporting for exercise interventions (in people living with rheumatoid arthritis).

RESUMO Objetivo: mapear as recomendações para o uso do smartphone pelos profissionais de saúde nos serviços hospitalares. Método: protocolo de revisão de escopo conduzido de acordo com a metodologia JBI para revisões de escopo. Os achados serão relatados de acordo com os Itens de Relatório Preferenciais para Revisões Sistemáticas e Extensão de Meta-análises para Revisões de Escopo (PRISMA-ScR). O protocolo está na Open Science Framework. A questão norteadora foi elaborada com base no mnemônico PCC: População (profissionais de saúde), Conceito (smartphone AND guidelines) e Contexto (hospital). Serão utilizadas três bases via Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e cinco bases via Portal de Periódicos da Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior. Dois revisores independentes selecionarão os artigos usando os programas EndNote® e Rayyan®, obedecendo critérios de inclusão e exclusão. Serão consideradas como estratégias adicionais a análise da lista de referências dos estudos incluídos. Os resultados serão apresentados em quadros, fluxograma e discussão narrativa.

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The cornerstone of a strong profession is the research that supports its knowledge base and practice. However, little is known about the range of international occupational therapy research. We aim to explore the range and diversity of the international occupational therapy research base of published peer reviewed literature during the year 2018. We will review sources from i) health-related search engines using search terms associated with occupational therapy practice, and ii) content pages of occupational therapy publications. Data will be extracted and synthesized according to the study’s origin country, publishing research journal, the characteristics of the represented research, and its alignment with World Federation of Occupational Therapists research priorities.

Objective: Map what has been written so far in scientific articles, theses and dissertations on the metabolic/metabolome changes observed in the vaginal environment in the presence of dysbiosis, persistence of Human papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical dysplasia. Methods: In this research, the PubMed search engine and the Scopus and Web of Science databases were used to research the scientific articles, and Google Scholar was used to research theses and dissertations (grey literature). Primary in vivo and in vitro studies about HPV-positive women and/or those with cytology/histology alteration of any age were included in order to evaluate the metabolome and/or metabolites in vaginal dysbiosis, normal microbiota, and cervical cancer development. The scientific articles will be selected using Endnote X9 software, which will help to delete duplicate articles, and the Rayyan software will be used for sorting titles and abstract reading (sorting) and reading full texts (eligibility). The theses and dissertations will be selected using Excel software. The studies will be selected by two evaluators independently, so the discrepancies will be resolved in the consensus meeting and, when necessary, there will be a third evaluator. The data extraction will be structured in Excel software, and it will be presented in table or figures and in the narrative forms. This scoping review will be conducted based on this protocol and will help to identify a scientific literature gap and will guide the conduct of future primary studies.

Empirical studies in music therapy with late life depression have grown over the last few decades documenting their positive impact on depressive symptoms in elderly. However it remains unclear which therapeutic factors account for these changes. Research that focusses on the "how" and "why" music therapy has a positive impact on depressive symptoms is only beginning to emerge. To gain more inside in the therapeutic factors that influence depressive symptoms in elderly, we conducted a scoping review.

This is a protocol for a scoping review to explore the approaches that have been used to influence leisure participation following stroke.

Extracellular vesicles (EV)s are emerging as novel tools for the diagnosis and therapy of a range of diseases and conditions. However, given the large heterogeneity in the methods used for their collection and preparation and the lack of a standardized process for their application, few approaches reached the clinical stage. In this systematic review, we aim at summarizing the existing literature covering the use of EVs for therapeutic purposes in human clinical studies.

The NORHELP-study (Norwegiean Bereavement help study) is a mixed-method study exploring bereaved parents' and adult sibilings' needs for bereavement related help and support after child loss / loss of a sibling on a primary care level, and their experience with the received support. It furthermore explores the care-giver side, in investigating health professionals experiences with providing crisis support and long-term follow up for bereaved after sudden child loss. Thereby, the study seeks to explore to what extend the bereaveds' need for care is consistent with the care they actually received. Ultimately, the study seeks to nvestigate whether there is a connenction between the support received and long-term grief reactions such as complicated grief.

Scoping review to investigate what are the educational technologies on tuberculosis for health professionals, specifically the professional categories of physicians, nurses, licensed practical nurses and community health worker.

In some hospitals, radiographers undertake diagnostic evaluation of the X-rays they acquire. This has the potential to improve image quality as it promotes understanding of how technical factors impact upon the detection of abnormalities and motivates radiographers to produce highly diagnostic exams. Yet while there is comprehensive literature on other benefits of radiographer image interpretation, there is a paucity of literature addressing the impact on image quality. Therefore, there is the need for a scoping review to systematically map the knowledge on this important topic, ascertain the current state of evidence as to whether radiographer commenting can improve X-ray image quality, and identify gaps in research.

Frailty is one of the most important geriatric syndromes featured by a cumulative decline in biological reserves and functional capacities, reducing the individual’s resistance and making him more vulnerable to fractures, falls, hospitalizations and death. This is a scoping review focused on recent evidence on the impact of frailty in older adults, considering the global burden of disease in aging, frailty epidemiology, instrumentation and practical assessment of the frailty phenotype, and a brief approach on the therapeutic management.

A scoping review will be conducted in order to provide an overview of the available evidence related to self-experience approaches in the context of dementia education for informal caregivers and dementia care professionals, as well as to identify barriers and facilitators to the use of these techniques.

Food insecurity (FI), “the state of being without reliable access to sufficient quantity of affordable, nutritious food” (USDA ERS - Measurement, n.d.), is associated with poor dietary quality and poor health outcomes including an increased risk of obesity (Aggarwal et al., 2011). A worldwide public health issue, obesity is interwoven with another global concern, climate change (An et al., 2018; Trentinaglia et al., 2021). Adherence to government recommendations around healthy eating not only incur benefits to health but could reduce an individual’s environmental footprint through associated reductions in greenhouse gas emission (Scheelbeek et al., 2020). The retail space offers an opportunity to promote the purchase and consumption of healthy, environmentally sustainable foods for people living with obesity (PLWO) and FI. The review will explore existing interventions developed to improve dietary quality of PLWO and FI, delivered in food retail settings and examine the extent to which the environmental impact of such interventions has been considered. The review will be conducted in line with the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Manual for Scoping Reviews. A search strategy, developed by experienced librarians at Robert Gordon University and the research team will be run in Medline, Embase, CINAHL, Scopus and Web of Science databases. Titles and abstracts will be screened independently by two reviewers. Studies will be selected for inclusion in line with predetermined criteria. The data will be analysed descriptively and summarised in tabular format. The scoping review aims to establish the content, delivery and the effectiveness of food retail-based interventions aimed at improving the dietary quality and manage weight of PLWO and FI. The review will explore what, if any, role the environmental sustainability of foods plays in the purchasing behaviours of this population. Review findings will be used to help guide intervention development, presented at academic conferences and published in an academic journal.

Mindfulness-based interventions have been reported to have significant physical, mental, and social health benefits. Current research supports the utilization of such practices for the treatment of chronic pain, stress, and illness. Mindfulness-based interventions have also been observed to provide positive benefits for individuals with intellectual and developmental disabilities as well as individuals with chronic mental health diagnoses. However, individuals with physical disabilities are often excluded from this research and have limited access or inclusion in mindfulness-based interventions as they are inherently developed for able-bodied individuals. Nor is there enough research supporting this limitation or efforts to mitigate the significant barrier to such a profound coping mechanism for this population of individuals. Therefore, this protocol is informing on a scoping review of modified mindfulness-based interventions for individuals with physical disabilities.

Every aspect of a person’s life is affected by spinal cord injury. The physical, psychological, cognitive and emotional effects of the injury affect not only the person but also their support network, impacting their ability to participate in meaningful life roles. Life expectancy is also significantly affected by spinal cord injury, with life-limiting comorbidities in addition to the physical and cognitive effects of ageing. Despite an increase in life expectancy for people with spinal cord injury (NSW Agency for Clinical Innovation, 2014) due to improvements in medical treatment, rehabilitation and support services, additional challenges remain. Common concerns about functional independence, engagement in social, leisure and work activities and maintaining quality of life for people with a spinal cord injury may be magnified as they grow older. Currently, medical and psychosocial support is focussed on acute and rehabilitation stages and period of transition back into the community immediately post discharge, and specialist support to age well with a spinal cord injury is rare. This study investigates the effects of ageing on Australians with a spinal cord injury, the supports available and suggested improvements that may facilitate this cohort to optimise their health and wellbeing and continue to engage in meaningful and purposeful life roles as they grow older with a disability. Aims: - Review how the ageing process affects people with SCI from a physical, psychosocial and cognitive perspective. - Identify how different consumers approach the process of aging with a spinal cord injury. - Identify the health, community and aged care services available for this demographic in developing countries - Review the approach and attitudes of health, aged care and community professionals to working with this demographic. Objective: Investigate the experience of aging of this demographic. There is currently limited information on the experience or quality of life of those aging with a SCI. (Jorgensen, Andersson, & Lexell, 2021; Lundstrom, Lilja, Gray, & Isaksson, 2015). With this demographic increasing, it is therefore imperative from an economic and social perspective that further research is undertaken to determine strategies to support and optimise quality of life for this cohort. This scoping review will identify scope of current knowledge wrt to the requirements for people with a SCI to age well, the supports available and identify gaps to be further investigated.

This is a registration of a protocol for a scoping review on strategies for training and involving laypeople in health technology assessment.

This review will focus on the various clinical patient populations in which cross-education and its effects have been utilized and evaluated.

Preregistration of analysis plan

Determine whether treatment effect changes as well as true inter-individual response differences (IIRD) occur in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) as a result of exercise-based cardiac rehabilitation in heart transplant patients.