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The Bletilla striata polysaccharides (BSP) extracted through alkali-assisted method exhibit significant antioxidant activity, but its bioaccessibility was inadequate due to its tightly filamentous reticulation structure and high molecular weight. The anti-photoaging and anti-melanogenesis effects of degraded BSP (DBSPs) against UVB-induced oxidative stress on the skin were investigated. The molecular weights of the DBSPs were reduced to 153.94 kDa, 66.96 kDa, and 15.54 kDa from an initial value of 298.82 kDa. The degradation treatment altered the branched chain structure of the DBSPs, while the backbone structure, triple-helix structure, and crystallinity remained. DBSPs with a lower molecular weight exhibit better in vitro antioxidant activity. DBSPs did not show cytotoxicity to HSF cells but inhibited B16F10 cell proliferation. The addition of DBSPs protected HSF and B16F10 cells from oxidative stress and reduced ROS levels, B16F10 melanin content, and B16F10 tyrosinase activity after UVB damage, but DBSP-10 particles were slightly less effective due to aggregation. In contrast, DBSP-5 demonstrated effectiveness in reducing MDA levels in cells stressed by oxidative stress, increased total antioxidant capacity, and inhibited melanogenesis in B16F10, suggesting that DBSP-5 has potential as a topical therapeutic agent for the treatment of skin diseases associated with oxidative stress., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Bletilla striata polysaccharides (BSPs) are effective for anti-inflammatory, detumescence, and radicals scavenging, with important applications in the area of food chain, pharmacy science, and health care. In this study, we comprehensively studied the interplay between the polysaccharides' formation, physicochemical properties, rheological properties, and associated antioxidant activities of BSPs from different extraction methods. The crude polysaccharides obtained from Bletilla striata by using the hot water extraction (BSPs-H), alkali-assisted extraction (BSPs-A), boiling water extraction (BSPs-B), and ultrasonic-assisted extraction (BSPs-U) methods showed different molecular weights, monosaccharide compositions, glycosidic bond compositions, and zeta potentials, but with the same IR spectra characteristic and thermal stability. By the above-mentioned four kinds of extraction methods, the resultant BSPs exhibited various degrees of reticular and lamellar structure. All the BSPs solutions exhibited shear-thinning behavior with the increase of the shear rate. Among these BSPs, BSPs-A exhibited better DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging activities and reducing power, whereas BSPs-H showed better hydroxyl radical scavenging activities., (Copyright © 2021. Published by Elsevier Ltd.)

To test a biorefinery concept, the non-wood biomass of Eulaliopsis binata was treated with dilute acid prior to dissolving pulp production at 160 °C for 30 min. The pretreatment liquor (PL) contained 42.04 g/L sugars, of which 81.46% was xylose and only 2.91% was glucose. Furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural in PL were 0.37% and 0.06%, respectively. Chemical or enzymatic hydrolysis of carbohydrates could be omitted when producing bioethanol with PL because 87.32% of the total sugars were in the form of monosaccharides. Membrane filtration with a molecular-weight cut-off of 100 Da was employed to concentrate the sugars and a concentration of 170.49 g/L was achieved. A method of zero release of the PL is proposed, which consists of ethanol production from the concentrated PL and recycling the permeate stream into the pretreatment process., (Copyright © 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

This research established the optimal conditions for alkali-assisted extraction (AAE) of bioactive polysaccharides from Bletilla striata integrated with response surface methodology (RSM) and the genetic algorithm-artificial neural networks (GA-ANN). In comparison with RSM, the ANN model showed a relatively higher determination coefficient in the global output values (RSM: ANN = 0.9270: 0.9742) performing more satisfactorily in the validation. Under the optimum conditions (52 °C; 167 min, and 0.01 mol/L NaOH), the extraction yields, IC 50 of ABTS, and FRAP value were 29.53 ± 0.97 %, 3.41 mg/mL, and 39.11 μmol Fe2+/g, respectively. The results indicated that BSPs-A was mainly composed of glucose and mannose with small amounts of arabinose, galactose, and galacturonic acid, while possessed a molecular weight of about 305.94 kDa (Mw). The structural characterization of BSPs-A was initially characterized by FT-IR, SEM, and Congo red tests, which indicated that BSPs-A possessed a triple helix conformation of typical Bletilla striata polysaccharides. In addition, BSPs-A exhibited excellent antioxidant activity, which was further confirmed by a series of in vitro antioxidant activity assays including DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, and ORAC. After incubation in the BSA-glucose system for 15 days, BSPs-A showed inhibition of the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) formation for the first time. [Display omitted] • The extraction of BSPs was optimized and predicted by RSM and GA-ANN models. • The extraction yield of BSPs-A was up to 29.53 % under the optimum conditions. • BSPs-A exhibited excellent antioxidant and anti-glycation activity. • ANN had a higher determination coefficient (0.9742) than RSM for global optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, we investigated the structural characterization and biological activities of Bletilla striata polysaccharides (BSPs) for their role as antioxidants and anti-melanogenesis agents in skin healthcare protection. Three neutral polysaccharides (BSP-1, BSP-2, and BSP-3) with molecular weights of 269.121 kDa, 57.389 kDa, and 28.153 kDa were extracted and purified. Their structural characteristics were analyzed by ion chromatography, GC–MS, and 1D/2D NMR. The results showed that BSP-1, which constitutes the major part of BSPs, was composed of α-D-Glcp, β-D-Glcp, β-D-Manp, and 2- O -acetyl-β-D-Manp, with the branched-chain accompanied by β-D-Galp and α-D-Glcp. BSP-1, BSP-2, and BSP-3 can enhance the total antioxidant capacity of skin fibroblasts with non-toxicity. Meanwhile, BSP-1, BSP-2, and BSP-3 could significantly inhibit the proliferative activity of melanoma cells. Among them, BSP-1 and BSP-2 showed more significance in anti-melanogenesis, tyrosinase inhibition activity, and cell migration inhibition. BSPs have effective antioxidant capacity and anti-melanogenesis effects, which should be further emphasized and developed as skin protection components. [Display omitted] • Three antioxidant polysaccharides (BSP-1, BSP-2, and BSP-3) were isolated from Bletilla striata. • BSPs can enhance the intracellular T-AOC of skin fibroblasts with non-toxicity. • BSPs have antiproliferative effects on B16F10 cells. • BSP-2 and BSP-3 significantly inhibit melanogenesis, tyrosinase activity and cell migration of B16F10. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polysaccharides as the biopolymers are showing various structural and modulatory functions. Effective separation of carbohydrate structures is essential to understanding their function. In this study, we choose an efficient organic acid in combination with recyclable organic solvent three-phase partitioning technology for the simultaneous extraction of polysaccharides from Ampelopsis japonica (AJPs) to ensure the integrity of linear and branched polysaccharide. The monosaccharide composition, glycosidic linkage information, structural and physicochemical analyses and associations with antioxidant activities were extensively analyzed. Synergistic extraction was compared with the conventional hot water extraction method and the results showed that AJPs-HNP exhibited better elastic properties and excellent antioxidant activity. Correlation analysis confirmed that the antioxidant activity of AJPs was significantly correlated with relative molecular weight, uronic acid content and terminal glycoside linkage molar ratios. The collaborative processing has significantly improved the utilization potential of AJPs and provides a sound theoretical foundation for the effective extraction and separation of polysaccharides. Overall, this work provides systematic and comprehensive scientific information on the physicochemical, rheological and antioxidant properties of AJPs, revealing their potential as natural antioxidants in the functional food and pharmaceutical industries. Scheme 1. LREEs induced G-quadruplex in variants of human telomeric DNA. [Display omitted] • For the first time, AJPs were extracted using the p -TsOH acid-assisted n-butanol system. • This new method improves extraction efficiency and reduces energy consumption. • Physicochemical and structural properties of AJPs were systematically investigated. • Synergistic treatment enhances the viscoelastic and antioxidant activity of AJPs. • Correlation analysis reveals structure-function relationships of AJPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A new TDES catalysis was prepared to pretreat radiata pine. • 98.9% of sugar yield was obtained in the saccharification process. • LCNF was successfully prepared from radiata pine. • LCNF had good properties such as size, fluorescence, and thermal stability. • Effect of LCNF films with regard to barrier performance was investigated. Ternary deep eutectic solvents (TDESs) as a new class of solvents play a key role in fabrication of lignin containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNF), however, current work requires a considerable time and thus limits industrial application of TDES. Herein, a novel strategy was proposed to produce lignin containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNF) by TDESs based on benzyltrimethylammonium chloride (BTMAC), formic acid (FA), and maleic acid (MA). The TDESs could remove 87.80% of lignin and 89.15% of hemicellulose from Radiata Pine while most of the cellulose reserved under optimum pretreatment conditions (TDES = 100 wt%, T = 130 °C, t = 1.5 h). Benefiting from the increase in cellulase accessibility, desired sugar yield of 98.9% was obtained. Moreover, the proposed TDESs could be regarded as a green medium for the production of containing cellulose nanofibrils (LCNF) in which lignin has been esterified. The LCNF displayed a well-individualized structure with a wide size distribution (32.3–146.9 nm), which was closely associated with lignin content. 13C−1H HSQC 2D NMR test was performed to illustrate the molecular − structural features of lignin and polysaccharide in LCNF. In addition, the self-standing LCNF films exhibited excellent UV-blocking, higher thermal stability, and mechanical strength. Most importantly, LCNF films showed strong barrier property to oil and air owing to lower surface free energy and smaller pore structure. Briefly, this work highlights the pretreatment performance of TDESs for cascade utilization of lignocellulosic biomass to high-value products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ideal hair-care product can restore the hydrophobicity and neutralize the static electricity of hair. As an effective ingredient in hair-care products, silicone oil is difficult to form emulsions due to its hydrophobic and oleophobic properties. To overcome these issues, a new system with natural polysaccharide-based particles and cationic conditioning agent as efficient emulsifier for hair-care product has been designed. In this study, a facile emulsifier formed with cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and hexadecyltrimethylammonium chloride (CTAC) was prepared. Compared with commercial emulsifiers, the CNCs/CTAC complex showed significant synergetic effect in preparing and stabilizing silicone oil emulsion. The properties of the gained silicone oil emulsion, deposition of silicone oil onto hair and combing work of hair could be controlled depending on CTAC concentration. Considering the functional properties of CTAC, which can absorb onto the hair to neutralize negative charges, silicone oil emulsion stabilized by CNCs/CTAC complex would be applied to hair-care product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]