1. Automatic sleep detection using activity and facial electrodes.
- Author
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Virkkala J, Hasan J, Velin R, Himanen SL, Värri A, and Van Someren EJ
- Subjects
- Adult, Algorithms, Biomedical Engineering, Electrodes, Electrooculography instrumentation, Electrooculography statistics & numerical data, Face, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Monitoring, Physiologic, Motor Activity, Polysomnography, Sensitivity and Specificity, Wrist, Young Adult, Electrooculography methods, Sleep physiology
- Abstract
The most commonly applied unobtrusive sleep monitoring method is actigraphy, the measurement of body limb movements. In spite of its wide clinical acceptance, actigraphy has a low specificity for sleep detection leaving room for novel approaches of unobtrusive sleep monitoring. The present study compared sleep detection by a novel single channel electro-oculography (EOG) method and three activity monitors, with the golden standard of polysomnographic sleep analysis as a reference. With standard actigraphy (Actiwatch placed at the left wrist) sleep detection specificity and sensitivity were 42% and 95%. With the Alive Monitor attached on the same wrist, activity-based sleep detection specificity and sensitivity were 40% and 97%. With another Alive Monitor placed over the sternum sleep detection specificity and sensitivity were 21% and 99%. With two self-applied EOG electrodes combined with automatic sleep detection analysis, specificity and sensitivity were 72% and 96%. The results confirm low specificity of actigraphic sleep estimates, and demonstrate that the novel single-channel EOG method provides a substantial improvement in specificity.
- Published
- 2008
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