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The bioactive compound from the Indonesian Marine Sponge Callyspongia sp.isolated based on bioassay-guided separation with several steps of chromatography has been done. There are 4 major compound known as isocopalane diterpene derivatives together with a plausible new compound, isocopalanol, a polyoxygenated isocopalane diterpene. Isocopalanol has molecular weight [M+H] + 412.576 m/z indicate that the compound has molecular formula C 24 H 44 O 5 determined by LCMS-ESI. This compound has bioactivity IC 50 = 0.1 μg / mL against human pancreatic cancer cell.

In a continuous study on the Indonesian marine sponges, we found aHyrtiossponge during our expedition in Lhok Mata Ie, an isolated place around Aceh Besar, Indonesia in 2017. The bioassay-guided separation with several steps of chromatography was applied to give pure material. Moreover, the spectroscopic analysis revealed the presence of puupehenone (1), a unique class of merosesquiterpene together with its analogs (2-3). Their structures and bioactivity against multidrug-resistantEscherichia coli(MDRE. coli) together with several cell lines are described here.

Polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) compounds, derived from marine organisms, originate from symbiosis between marine sponges and cyanobacteria or bacteria. PBDEs have broad biological spectra, therefore, we analyzed structure and activity relationships of PBDEs to determine their potential as anticancer or antibacterial lead structures, through reactions and computational studies. Six known PBDEs (1–6) were isolated from the sponge, Lamellodysdiea herbacea, 13C NMR data for compound 6 are reported for the first time and their assignments are confirmed by their theoretical 13C NMR chemical shifts (RMSE &lt, 4.0 ppm). Methylation and acetylation of 1 (2, 3, 4, 5-tetrabromo-6-(3′, 5′-dibromo-2′-hydroxyphenoxy) phenol) at the phenol functional group gave seven molecules (7–13), of which 10, 12, and 13 were new. New crystal structures for 8 and 9 are also reported. Debromination carried out on 1 produced nine compounds (1, 2, 14, 16–18, 20, 23, and 26) of which 18 was new. Debromination product 16 showed a significant IC50 8.65 ± 1.11, 8.11 ± 1.43 µM against human embryonic kidney (HEK293T) cells. Compounds 1 and 16 exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus and Gram-negative Klebsiella pneumoniae with MID 0.078 µg/disk. The number of four bromine atoms and two phenol functional groups are important for antibacterial activity (S. aureus and K. pneumoniae) and cytotoxicity (HEK293T). The result was supported by analysis of frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs). We also propose possible products of acetylation and debromination using analysis of FMOs and electrostatic charges and we confirm the experimental result.

The study of Indonesian’s marine sponge Callyspongia Sp. against white spot syndrome virus has been conducted in June 2017. Bioactive metabolite terpene isolated based on methods of bioassay-guided separation. LCMS-ESI spectrum indicate that molecular formula C24H44O5 with molecular weight is 412.576 m/z. FTIR spectrum indicated bioactive metabolite has ether C-O group at 1261 cm-1 and hydroxy group O-H at 3419 cm-1. The spectrum of 1H NMR and 13C NMR indicated that metabolite active compound as polyhydroxy isocopalane. The antiviral activity of isolate compound has been conducted against white spot syndrome virus from Litopenaeus vannamei. The result antiviral activity showed that the compound activity is strong at concentration 60 mg/L with survivability percentage at 34%. The result indicated that polyhydroxy isocopalane has an activity as anti-white spot syndrome activity from Litopenaeus vannamei.

The bioactivity of Indonesian Marine Sponge Endectyon delaubenfelsi has been conducted on July 2018. The active metabolite based on bioassay guided-separation with several steps of chromatography. The FTIR spectrum shows that the active metabolite has N-H amine functional groups at 3434.6 cm−1 C-H methyl was detected at 3090.46 cm−1, and the fingerprint region at 1637.27 cm−1 as C-N imine. Based on the FTIR data shows indicate that the active compound as alkaloid. Metabolite active has activity IC50 = 0.2 ug / mL indicates that the active compound from of Endectyon delaubenfelsi has potential activity as the new model to the drug discovery against PANC-1 cell.

Research of Manzamine C, Indole Alkaloids as cancer cell inhibitors in nutrient starvation, from the Indonesian Marine Sponge Xestospongia muta was done on May 2018. The goal of this study is to determine the cytotoxic activity of metabolite compounds of Xetospongia muta under glucose starvation. The active metabolite isolated using bioassay-guided separation with several steps of chromatography. Interpretation of IR data indicates that the active metabolites have the functional group of secondary NH2 at 3435.56 cm1, CH methyl at 2853.39 cm1, CH methylene at 2769.64 cm1 and CN imine at 1637.27 cm1. The LCMS-ESI analysis showed that the active metabolite has a molecular weight [M+H]+ 347.445 m/z which indicates the active metabolite has a molecular formula C23H29N3. The activity of metabolite compounds against PANC-1 cells showed cytotoxic activity under glucose starvation conditions with values IC50=10 μM, whereas no growth inhibition was observed up to 100 μM under the general culture conditions.