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The fundamental pillars of nursing science--nursing care, management, and teaching and research--are in constant evolution. The adaptation of Spanish nursing to the European Higher Education Area has promoted nursing research. Over the past few years, several institutions have made official statements concerning the difficulty of finding teaching staff for university nursing degrees. This is closely linked to the production of research, given that minimum criteria must be met for university teacher accreditation. The goal of this study is to analyze scientific production in nursing, nursing research and teaching in The Web of Science in order to establish how this is progressing and to gain further insight into the field of academic nursing. A total of 34,497 documents were analyzed using the Bibliometrix software version 4.1.0. The results reveal an increase in nursing research over time. Most of this is published in English and mainly focuses on specific nursing areas, such as oncology or psychiatry. Spain occupies the eighth place worldwide in nursing research. In spite of this position, the data suggest that other factors are blocking the accreditation of university teachers of nursing in Spain. They also reflect the need to encourage nursing research in this setting in the future.

This paper reports on the first stage of an international comparative study for the project "'Digital educational architectures: Open learning resources in distributed learning infrastructures--EduArc,'" funded by the German Federal Ministry of Education and Research. This study reviews the situation of digital educational resources (or (O)ER) framed within the digital transformation of ten different Higher Education (HE) systems (Australia, Canada, China, Germany, Japan, South Africa, South Korea, Spain, Turkey and the United States). Following a comparative case study approach, we investigated issues related to the existence of policies, quality assurance mechanisms and measures for the promotion of change in supporting infrastructure development for (O)ER at the national level in HE in the different countries. The results of this mainly documentary research highlight differences and similarities, which are largely due to variations in these countries' political structure organisation. The discussion and conclusion point at the importance of understanding each country's context and culture, in order to understand the differences between them, as well as the challenges they face.

Previous studies on health and socio-economic determinants of later-life labour force participation have mainly come from high-income European countries and the United States of America (USA). Findings vary between studies due to different measures of socio-economic status and labour force outcomes. This study investigated longitudinal associations of physical incapacity and wealth with remaining in paid employment after age 60 in middle- and high-income countries. Using harmonised cohort data in the USA, England, Japan, Mexico and China (N = 32,132), multilevel logistic regression was applied for main associations. The age-related probabilities of remaining in paid employment by physical incapacity and wealth were estimated using marginal effects. This study found that physical incapacity predicted lower odds of remaining in paid employment in each country. Wealth was associated with higher odds of remaining in paid employment in the USA, England and Japan, but not in Mexico. Probabilities of remaining in paid employment were high in Mexico but low in China. The absolute difference in the probability of remaining in paid employment between the richest and the poorest groups was greater in the USA than that in any other country. In the USA, England and Japan, the inverse association between physical incapacity and remaining in paid employment could be partially compensated by wealth only when physical incapacity was not severe. National policies, including considering older adults' changing capacities for job placement and prioritising the provision of supportive services for socio-economically disadvantaged older adults, developing pathways for informal workers to access social security and pension coverage, and encouraging employers to hire socio-economically disadvantaged older workers and enhancing their employability, could be facilitated. Future studies, such as exploring health and socio-economic determinants of remaining in part-time and full-time paid employment separately in more countries, and the moderating effects of relevant policies on these associations, are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chinese American adults experience health disparities at the end of life. Culturally tailored advance care planning (ACP) may promote goal-concordant care across the continuum of serious illness. However, seriously ill Chinese Americans' preferences for ACP remain unknown. Objective: To explore barriers and facilitators to ACP among Chinese patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers. Design: Informed by socioecological theory, we conducted an exploratory qualitative study using semistructured interviews that were thematically analyzed. Setting/Participants: We recruited participants at one U.S. comprehensive cancer center. Of 27 eligible patients approached, we recruited 20 patients (74.1%) and 8 accompanying caregivers. Overall, participants were middle aged (55.6 ± 13.5 years), 60.7% female, 85.7% partnered/married, 89.3% college educated, and had low acculturation (mean Suinn-Lew Asian Self-Identify Acculturation = 2.0 ± 1.6/5.0). More patients were privately insured (35%) than self-pay (30%), Medicare (25%), and Medicaid (10%). Caregivers were split between "spouse" and "child." Results: Findings highlight participants' trust in their clinicians and the study institution as primary supports for clinicians to lead ACP. However, participants' preconceptions of clinicians' professional responsibilities and participants' belief in an uncertain future may hinder an open discussion of goals and values for future medical care. A key moderating factor in how participants view ACP may be their level of acculturation to local care, behavioral, and communication norms. Conclusions: Chinese patients may prefer a routinized clinician-led ACP approach that supports their actionable priorities in the present by leveraging patient–clinician trust, gauging acculturation level, and using indirect communication strategies. Future studies should investigate preferred communication strategies to support in-the-moment care planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rapidly changing information technology challenges information technology management throughout the world. In-group collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, and assertiveness dimensions of national culture distinguish Chinese and U.S. culture. Vendor competitiveness, management confusion, incompatibility, poor quality, and training demands describe the challenges. Data from 91 Chinese and 246 American information technology managers revealed that U.S. information technology organizations experience more unexpected work, delays, and costs from management confusion and poor quality. Vendor competitiveness leads to management confusion, incompatibility, and poor quality in both cultures. However, only poor quality leads to training demands in China while management confusion, incompatibility, and poor quality do in the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which examines the coping mechanisms used by information technology (IT) organizations to respond to rapid change IT in the U.S. and China. It analyzes the success of these mechanisms such as vendor support, education and training, endurance, and consultant support in the two cultures. It is found out that national culture can significantly affect the outcome of the use of these coping mechanisms.

This article examines the impact of the policies of U.S. and China on contemporary Taiwanese nationalism and desire for independence. It uses quantitative data from 1995 to 2005. It explains that the military actions of China directed at forcing Taiwan into submission and clear expressions from the U.S. of commitment to defend Taiwan heighten the tendency of Taiwanese to desire statehood. Conversely, changing U.S. support to China on Taiwanese issues and conciliatory exchanges between Taiwan and China dampen Taiwanese nationalism.

To investigate the prevalence and illness beliefs of sleep paralysis (SP) among Chinese patients in a psychiatric out-patient clinic, consecutive Chinese/Chinese-American patients who attended psychiatric out-patient clinics in Boston and Shanghai were asked about their lifetime prevalence, personal experience and perceptions regarding the causes, precipitating factors, consequences, and help-seeking of SR During the 4-month study period, 42 non-psychotic psychiatric out-patients from the Boston site and 150 patients from the Shanghai site were interviewed. The prevalence of SP was found to be 26.2% in Boston and 23.3% in Shanghai. Patients with post- traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) or panic disorder reported a higher prevalence of SP than did patients without these disorders. Patients attributed SP to fatigue, stress, and other psychosocial factors. Although the experience has traditionally been labeled `ghost oppression' among the Chinese, only [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on opium problem encountered by China in the beginning of the twentieth century. The American government, solely on its own initiative, convened an Intentional Opium Commission which met for serious deliberation at Shanghai. China, from February 1 to February 26, 1909. The U.S. government took this action on the strength of its sincere determination to eliminate the oriental opium evil. This commission did some preliminary good work, but the American government later on, after its review, found it necessary as a wholesome movement and further consecrated to a holy zeal, to initiate another International Opium Conference which was held at the Hague, Holland, from December 1, 1911, to January 23, 1912. It was recognized that in the attempted control of narcotic drugs and their use, purely by extremely restricted laws, failed in great measure for the purposes for which these laws were enacted, and that some of the worst evils of narcotic drug usage grew very rapidly and thrived more than ever since our laws went into effect.

Extending from Northern America to Central China the Variscan belt is a Paleozoic Orogen exceptionally well endowed in magmatic-hydrothermal ore deposits, including skarn deposits. Yet, the genesis of fertile skarns and their distinction from barren equivalents in orogenic zones is only poorly constrained. Here, we present innovative U-Pb laser-ablation inductively-coupled-plasma mass-spectrometry geochronology of garnet from different skarns in the Erzgebirge, a classic metallogenic province in central Europe. Garnet ages obtained not only constrain the timing of fertile skarn formation and associated Sn, W, Fe, Zn, Cu and In mineralization, but also clearly distinguish these from barren skarn bodies. We show that barren skarns formed during times of peak regional metamorphism at ∼340 Ma whereas mineralized skarns are temporally associated with late-orogenic magmatism at ∼325-313 Ma as well as post-orogenic magmatism at ∼308-295 Ma. The recognition of discrete mineralization events associated with the largest and economically most important skarn deposits provides valuable insight into the punctuated evolution of magmatic-hydrothermal systems in ancient collisional orogens on a regional scale; this has important implications to direct future mineral exploration. • Origin and genesis of skarns in orogenic zones. • Geodynamic evolution of hydrothermal mineral systems in orogenic belts. • Innovative U-Pb LA-ICP-MS geochronology of garnet. • Implications for exploration targeting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]