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The problems of studying the relationship between manifestations of perfectionism and emotional burnout are of considerable interest to modern psychology. Prospective participants in such a study are representatives of various professional communities and students as future specialists. The purpose of this work is to consider the manifestations and relationships of emotional burnout, self-esteem, mental states and perfectionism among Russian and Chinese students. A total of 80 people took part in the study (40 Russian and 40 Chinese students). Research Methods applied: 1) multidimensional scale of perfectionism by P. Hewitt and G. Flett, adapted by I.I. Grachev; 2) the burnout questionnaire by K. Maslach adapted by N.E. Vodopyanov; 3) a technique for diagnosing self-assessment of mental states by G. Eysenck. As a result of the use of comparative and correlation types of analysis, intercultural differences and interrelations between the characteristics of perfectionism, self-assessment of the emotional state and characteristics of emotional burnout were found. Respondents from China showed lower results on the "aggressiveness" scale compared to Russian respondents. Russian students showed higher scores on the "anxiety" scale than Chinese students. Meanwhile, Chinese students, compared to Russian respondents, showed higher results in self-confidence and their future. In the course of the study, both groups showed average indicators of rigidity, but the level of rigidity in Russian students was higher than in Chinese students. In conclusion of this scientific study, the main recommendations for the correction of emotional burnout and self-regulation of perfectionism and mental states among students are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discourse of ‘rights defence’ (weiquan), referring to the grassroots’ struggle for legal redress after their lawful interests are encroached upon, has gained increasing popularity in China in the last two decades. Given the ubiquity of the Internet nowadays, rights defence activities also take place online; in a small number of cases, they develop into a form of online activism. But what determines or contributes to the online visibility of some rights defence cases and the invisibility of others? In this paper, we investigate this by examining three highly visible workers’ rights defence campaigns in comparison with three similar cases that received almost no attention. Analysing the variousactorsinvolved, we argue that online rights defence tends to become visible and develop into online activism when one key actor, thestate,which ought to be an impartial source of justice, is perceived to be collusive or to be playing an active role in the encroachment of people's rights and interests. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background: As many students face the enduring challenge of maintaining their motivation to complete homework assignments, there is a critical need to pay close attention to homework motivation management (i.e., students' efforts to sustain or enhance their motivation in order to complete homework assignments that might be boring or difficult). Yet, in spite of research showing that homework motivation has a powerful influence on homework performance and academic achievement, there have been few attempts to systematically investigate models of factors that influence homework motivation management. Purpose: The current investigation examines empirical models of motivation management for Chinese students in the context of math homework, with models informed by key motivation theories, including self-regulation of motivation, expectancy-value, and volitional control. Research Design: The study reported here used cross sectional survey data. Participants: The participants were 1,799 high school students from 46 classes in China. Results: Results from multilevel analyses indicated that, at the class level, motivation management was positively associated with homework interest, but was negatively associated with teacher feedback. At the student level, motivation management was positively related to managing emotion, managing time, students' interest in homework, cognitive reappraisal, expectancy belief, and time on sports. Meanwhile, motivation management was negatively associated with value belief and time on TV. Conclusion: The current investigation found that some results were in line with key motivation theories and related findings with U.S. students (e.g., managing time, and homework interest at the student level). In addition, it suggests that other results may be influenced by cultural and societal differences (e.g., gender, value belief, and teacher feedback). Consequently, it would be informative to pursue this line of research in cross-cultural settings. With respect to promoting student motivation in the homework process, it would be beneficial to pay more close attention to the role of homework interest, expectancy belief, and student initiatives (e.g., managing time, managing emotion, and cognitive reappraisal). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the ways in which perceived constraints and self-efficacies associated with participation in active recreation influenced Hong Kong and Australian university students' interest, intention, and participation in regular active recreation. The study indicated that perceived constraints have weak negative effects whereas self-efficacies have stronger positive effects on students' interest, intention, and participation in regular active recreation. Time efficacy, persistence efficacy, and activity efficacy emerged as important indirect motivators of active recreation engagement. The influences of constraints and self-efficacies on active recreation participation mainly occurred indirectly through adjustments in participation interest and intention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sample survey is made of the overall state of existence of casual workers in hangzhou municipality. emphasis is placed on describing such aspects as the demographic characteristics, work circumstances, state of existence, labor and social guarantees, social relationships, plans for the future, inner feelings, and opinions and appeals of casual workers. casual workers are a special product of the period of transformation of chinese society-one that possesses fairly unique features and formational boundaries. the "casual worker" phenomenon should become a new focus of attention for the government and society. attention should be paid to their social circumstances, their marginalization, their lack of social guarantees, and to solving their specific difficulties so as to lay a broad social foundation for realizing the objective of building a harmonious society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social interest is a cornerstone construct in the Individual Psychology of Alfred Adler (1932). A serious lack of community interest, gemeinshaftsgefühl, is said to injure the self-image and incline the individual toward neurosis (Adler, 1927/1954). Research in North American and European countries has established a connection between personality traits and life satisfaction (Diener, 1984; Diener, Emmons, Larsen, & Griffin, 1985), but the influence of personality on subjective well-being might well be pancultural (Schimmack, Radhakrishnan, Oishi, Dzokoto, & Ahadi, 2002). People with high social interest and a positive attitude toward life have been found to have greater coping resources, less vulnerability to disease (Ryff, 1991) and higher levels of life satisfaction, even in stressful working environments (Kobasa, 1979). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the effects of a parent training program on the interactive skills of parents of children with autism in the People's Republic of China. Twenty-seven families of children with autism in a northeastern city of China were randomly assigned to either the training or the control group. Parents received a total of 20 h of training in a format that included both group and individual sessions. Parents’ interactive skills during free play with their children with autism were examined using videotaped observations at their homes and analyzed using the Maternal Behavior Rating Scales. One-way analysis of covariance indicated that following the training, parents in the training group, compared with those in the control group, were more sensitive to their children's interests, responded to their children's behavior more appropriately, were more accepting of their children and their behavior, showed more enjoyment of interacting with their children, and expressed more warmth toward their children throughout the free play interactions. More research is needed to investigate whether parental responsiveness and affect promote more active engagement by their children in their interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses on the significance of China in its involvement to the improvement projects in Africa. The interest of China is part of a recently more active international strategy based on multipolarity. China showed an attractive alternative in to conditional aid, and earned a valuable support to defend its international interests. The asymmetrical relations differed little from the previous African-Western patterns.

This study investigates the mediating roles of self-efficacy and mathematics anxiety on the effects of mathematics interest on mathematics achievement. A total of 158161 eighth grade students from 4 province of China participated in the large-scale survey. The findings reveal that (1) mathematics interest had a direct and positive effect on students' mathematics achievement; (2) the positive relationship between mathematics interest and mathematics achievement was partially mediated by self-efficacy; (3) self-efficacy and then mathematics anxiety serially mediated the relationship between mathematics interest and mathematics achievement, but the effect of self-efficacy on mathematics anxiety was relatively smaller. Implications for mathematics education and suggestions for future study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]