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Background: Despite the advantages of vaccination in preventing maternal and fetal problems, there were many concerns in the medical community regarding vaccine safety for pregnant women, and this has put obstetricians in a challenging situation when it comes to advising their pregnant patients on whether to obtain the vaccine Aim: This study was performed to define the level of acceptance of COVID-19 vaccination and assess the impact of COVID-19 attitudes and knowledge on vaccine acceptance between pregnant and lactating Syrian women who are seeking prenatal care services at the clinics in Azraq refugee camp in Jordan. Method: A quantitative, cross-sectional study utilizing a non-probability convenience sample. A validated and reliable self-administered questionnaire consisting of four sections was used. Results: A total of 412 pregnant/lactating women was recruited The acceptance rate of the COVID-19 vaccine among participants was 86.5%. There was a significant positive moderate association between respondents' attitudes and knowledge around the COVID-19 vaccine and their acceptance of the vaccine (r =.468, p <.001, r =.357, p <.001), respectively. Conclusion: To effectively mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic and achieve collective protection, decision-makers must intensify the efforts in promoting the importance of maternal vaccination, especially in vulnerable communities that suffer the most from pandemic outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychiatric nurses are challenged with high levels of stress, which, in turn, lower their professional quality of life (ProQoL) and job satisfaction and increase their intention to leave jobs in psychiatric settings. An adequate level of ProQoL improves patient care provision. The purpose of this study is to assess the levels, relationships, and predictors of the professional quality of life of Jordanian psychiatric nurses and their job satisfaction and intention to leave their job. A descriptive cross-sectional design was used to collect data using the Professional Quality of Life Scale-5 from a convenience sample. Data were collected from 144 psychiatric nurses working in the largest psychiatric hospitals run by Ministry of Health, military, and university-affiliated hospitals. The results showed that the mean scores for compassion satisfaction (CS), burnout (BO), and secondary traumatic stress (STS) were 35.21, 27.0, and 26.36, respectively. The mean scores for intention to leave and job satisfaction were 2.33 and 3.7, respectively. The income level, educational level, intention to leave, and job satisfaction significantly differed in the CS dimension. Nurses' age, intention to leave, and job satisfaction significantly differed in BO. Nurses' age, years of experience, frequent C-shifts worked, and work affiliation were different in STS. Burnout, STS, and educational level predicted CS. CS, STS, job satisfaction, and level of education predicted BO. BO, CS, and frequently working night C-shifts predicted STS. Due to the presence of nurses reporting low levels of ProQoL, job satisfaction, and intension to leave, more studies are needed to assess the factors that affect ProQoL among psychiatric nurses and to evaluate interventional programs that improve the quality of life of psychiatric nurses. This is important in retaining nurses and increasing their job satisfaction. There is a need for interventions that enhance ProQoL. Also, longitudinal studies that measure ProQoL overtime are recommended. This study was not registered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why you should read this article: • To enhance your understanding of the relationships between workplace stressors and job performance • To familiarise yourself with validated scales that can be used to measure stress, resilience and job performance • To consider measures that could be implemented to mitigate stressors, increase resilience and foster effective coping mechanisms among nurses. Background: Nurses are a crucial part of healthcare organisations, constituting around half of the global healthcare workforce. Therefore, it is important to examine the factors that may affect their job performance, which is central to the delivery of effective healthcare services. Aim: To examine the relationships between stress, resilience and job performance within the nursing context in Jordan. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive correlational design was used. A self-administered questionnaire comprising stress, resilience and job performance scales was completed by a convenience sample of 207 nurses working in five hospitals in the northern and middle regions of Jordan. Results: Overall, respondents self-reported moderate stress levels, normal resilience levels and moderate job performance. The study identified: a moderate positive correlation between stress and resilience; a weak negative correlation between stress and job performance; and a weak positive correlation between resilience and job performance. Conclusion: It is essential that nurse managers, leaders and policymakers implement measures to mitigate the stressors encountered by nurses, increase resilience and foster effective coping mechanisms. Such measures could enhance nurses’ resilience and job performance, ultimately improving patient care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In general, undergraduate university students in the north of Jordan have a low level of physical activity. Objectives: To examine the physical activity level, perceived barriers and benefits to physical activity, and the contributing factors among university students in north of Jordan. Methods: A cross-sectional study design was used, and data was collected from 235 university students through a self-reported questionnaire. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was utilized to calculate the amount of physical activity, while the exercise benefits and barriers scale (EBBS) was used to measure the perceived benefits and barriers of physical activity. Results: According to the findings, less than half of the students (48.1%) reported engaging in physical activity. Several factors were found to be significantly related to higher levels of physical activity, including being younger, single, having a normal body weight, and reporting excellent health status. Logistic regression analysis revealed that overweight (OR = −0.068, 95% CI 0.025–0.183) and obese (OR = −0.250, 95% CI 0.068–0.924) were less likely to be physically active, while those who rated their health as excellent had higher rates of physical activity (OR = 3.590, 95% CI 1.263–10.201). The students agreed most strongly with the perceived benefit item "Exercise improves the way my body looks," while the perceived barrier item they identified most strongly with was "There are too few places for me to exercise." Conclusion: This study provides important data for health promotion programs aimed at supporting physical activity among university students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The significance of physical activity in preventing and treating chronic illnesses has long been established. However, there are limited studies focusing on the physical activity among old people with chronic illnesses in Jordan. Purpose: This study aimed to explore the association between physical-activity level, chronic illnesses, and multimorbidity among people 60 years old and above in Jordan. Methods: A crosssectional design was used in the northern region of Jordan. A survey was conducted among 200 old people aged 60 years and above. The survey included sociodemographic data and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ). The statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient, and logistic-regression analysis. Results: Approximately 41% of old people had a sufficient level of physical activity. Gender, level of schooling, smoking, heart conditions, diabetes, and multimorbidity were significantly associated with physical activity. In the logistic-regression analysis, gender (OR 0.221, 95% CI 0.096-0.507), heart condition (OR 0.093, 95% CI 0.011-0.760), and diabetes (OR 0.312, 95% CI 0.120-0.810) were found to be significantly associated with physical activity among old people. Conclusion: This study revealed a low physical activity among old people. It is important to develop policies that support regular physical activity for old people with chronic illnesses. Implications for Nursing: Community-based healthpromotion programs should be developed to encourage regular physical activity among older people with chronic illnesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The work environment is considered an important factor for the success of any healthcare organization that keeps upstanding and can compete with others to achieve the organization and employee's goals. This study aims to examine the effect of the workplace environment on the structural empowerment of registered nurses in governmental hospitals. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive survey study. The sample consisted of 405 nurses from three Jordanian governmental hospitals. Data were collected using an online self-reported questionnaire that was distributed to the participants. The questionnaire included sections on demographic characteristics, the structural empowerment scale, and the work environment scale. Data collection took place between 1 January 2023 and 15 February 2023. Results: The participants demonstrated various levels in their perceptions of the working environment. They demonstrated a moderate perception level toward stress and work pressure, role clarity, peer cohesive subscale, and for working environment scale while they reported a low perception level on ethical, autonomy, work practices, managerial support, commitment, and social responsibility subscales. However, the nurses' work environment overall score was found to be at a moderate level (3.15 out of 5 ± 0.61). Furthermore, their structural empowerment level was found to be at a moderate level (19.40 out of 30 ± 3.68). Conclusions: Highly empowered nurses' work environments display higher structural empowerment. Applying structural empowerment in work environments is very important to improve nurses' performance, ensure the highest level of patient care quality, and achieve organizational goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aims: Neonatal jaundice is a common cause of hospitalisation. This study aimed to identify maternal and neonatal factors associated with neonatal jaundice among hospitalised neonates in north Jordan. Methods: This was a case control study involving 312 mothers and their neonates (106 cases, 206 controls), recruited from two governmental hospitals in north Jordan. A structured interview was used to collect data. Neonatal medical records were accessed for clinical data. Results: Maternal factors associated with higher risk of jaundice included having higher education, being employed and having had a caesarean section. Neonatal factors associated with higher risk of jaundice included being preterm, receiving <5 feeds per day and having ABO incompatibility. Conclusions: Using evidence-based guidelines for the assessment and management of risk factors helps to reduce the prevalence of jaundice requiring hospitalisation among neonates. Raising mothers' awareness of neonatal jaundice through interventions and education sessions during antenatal care, in particular for high-risk mothers, is also likely to help reduce its prevalence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The magnitude of postpartum depression in Jordan during the COVID-19 pandemic is under-documented, and little is known about its potential social, demographic, and clinical correlates. This study aimed to explore the prevalence and related factors of postpartum depression among Jordanian mothers with a history of COVID-19 during pregnancy or after childbirth. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was carried out in March-June 2021 among a convenient sample of 109 women with a history of COVID-19 during pregnancy or after childbirth, who were at a leading hospital equipped to care for COVID-19 cases in North Jordan. An online survey using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) was used to collect information from mothers with a history of COVID-19-positive tests. Results: Among the total number of women who participated in the study (n = 109), 73 women had postpartum depression. The prevalence of postpartum depression in the present study was 67%. In addition, the study found a positive statistically significant correlation between EPDS scores and being a smoker, delivery method, experiencing severe COVID-19 symptoms, and being hospitalized. Conclusions: During the COVID-19 pandemic, women had a high level of postpartum depression. It would be necessary to follow further the confirmed cases of COVID-19, and mothers should be screened for depressive symptoms during pregnancy and followed up for antenatal and postnatal care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports have highlighted the role of supportive work environments in several nurse outcome measures, indicating a need for effective leadership styles that improve the nurse working environment. Authentic leadership is a relatively new concept in Arab work culture. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between authentic leadership demonstrated by nurse managers and work engagement among Jordanian registered nurses. A cross-sectional correlational design was employed. A sample of 238 registered nurses working in a public hospital in Jordan was collected. Data collection was performed by using the staff demographics questionnaire, the authentic leadership questionnaire (ALQ), and the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES)-17 items. Descriptive statistics, independent samples t-tests, one-way ANOVA, Pearson correlation, and hierarchical multiple regression analysis were employed to analyze the data. The results showed a statistically significant positive correlation between authentic leadership and work engagement in the hierarchical regression analysis (B = 0.34, t = 5.54, p < 0.001). After controlling demographic variables, authentic leadership accounted for 11% of the additional variance above and beyond the 5% accounted for age, educational level, and work experience (change of R 2 = 0.11, p < 0.01). Nurses whose managers demonstrate higher levels of authentic leadership report more work engagement (r = 0.37, p < 0.001). Considering the role of authentic leadership in promoting nurses' work engagement, it would be beneficial to develop authentic leadership behaviors for nurse managers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The global refugee crisis, exacerbated by the Syrian war, has placed tremendous strain on Jordan's healthcare system and infrastructure, notably impacting nurses working in refugee camps. The aim to identify factors influencing nurses' Quality of life at work (QWL) and understand their significance in crisis healthcare environments. Methodology: A cross-sectional study was conducted in multiple healthcare facilities within Syrian refugee camps. A convenient sample of 166 nurses participated, and data were collected using the Brook's Quality of Nursing Work Life Survey. Data analysis included descriptive and inferential (one-way ANOVA) statistics. Significance level was set at 0.05. Results: Nurses in this study generally reported a moderate QWL, with an average score of 152.85, indicating that their overall work experience falls into the moderate range. The study found that nurses perceived their work-life/home-life balance (mean score 25.79), work design (mean score 35.71), work context (mean score 71.37), and work world (mean score 19.96) at levels indicative of moderate satisfaction. There were no statistically significant differences in QWL among participating nurses, suggesting that factors other than demographic characteristics may play a more influential role in determining nurses' QWL in the unique context of refugee caregiving. Conclusion: This study underscores that working within refugee healthcare missions and recommends targeted interventions to enhance their well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vaccination against COVID-19 is pivotal in curbing the spread of the virus among school children. However, there is a dearth of studies exploring parents' attitudes and acceptance levels regarding immunizing their children against COVID-19 in Jordan. Purpose: This study aimed to assess parents' attitudes and key concerns toward administering COVID-19 vaccines to their school-aged children in Jordan. Additionally, it sought to identify the differences in parents' attitudes based on sociodemographic variables. Methods: The cross-sectional and correlational study was conducted in AL-Mafraq governance within Northeastern Badia schools from March to May 2022 and involved 498 eligible parents. Stratifying the parent population based on school districts, data were conveniently collected using the Parent Attitude about Childhood Vaccines (PACV) scale. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 17 facilitated data analysis, incorporating descriptive and inferential statistics at a significance level of 0.05, with a 5% margin of error. The independent t-test and One-Way ANOVA were employed to depict differences between studied variables. Results: The result showed that out of 600 distributed questionnaires, 498 were returned, resulting in a response rate of 83%. Findings revealed parental reluctance toward administering COVID-19 vaccination to their children. Notably, 65.9% of parents expressed concern about potential serious side effects, while 57.8% of parents harbored anxieties about vaccine safety and efficacy. Marital status emerged as a significant factor, with widowed parents exhibiting a more favorable attitude (p<0.05). Conclusion: Parents in Jordan are hesitant about COVID-19 vaccination for their school-aged children. Addressing these concerns necessitates educational campaigns through various channels, including social media and authorized TV and radio, to reassure parents about vaccine effectiveness and safety. This proactive approach is crucial to fostering broader acceptance and ensuring the success of vaccination initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Limited research exists on the knowledge and attitudes of Jordanian community residents toward people with dementia (PwD). As the prevalence of dementia is anticipated to increase, there is a critical need for informed knowledge and positive attitudes toward dementia in the Jordanian community. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate people's knowledge of and attitudes toward PwD and identify the predictors of dementia knowledge and attitudes. Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional research design and utilized a self-administered questionnaire as the primary data collection method. The study employed the Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS) to evaluate the knowledge of the participants, and the Dementia Attitudes Scale (DAS) was utilized to assess their attitudes in the Jordanian community. Multiple regression analysis was performed to find relevant factors influencing knowledge of and attitude toward dementia. Results: The study's 346 participants revealed limited knowledge about dementia, with an average ADKS score of 17.21 out of 30. However, participants showed a positive attitude toward dementia, as evidenced by a mean DAS score of 88 out of 140. Statistical analysis demonstrated significantly higher knowledge scores among employed individuals (P <.05), while females exhibited significantly higher attitude scores (P <.05). Participants with experience in geriatric clinical practice, dementia education or training, informal caregiving experience, and a desire to learn more about dementia also exhibited significantly higher knowledge and attitude scores (P <.05). Conclusion: The study offers preliminary insights into the knowledge and attitudes toward dementia in the Jordanian population. The findings underscore the importance of continuing education and training to increase knowledge and understanding of dementia. Improving dementia care and support in Jordan requires enhancing knowledge and attitudes toward dementia. The study findings were presented to policymakers, with recommendations for strategic planning and the development of awareness programs. Future research can build upon these findings and promote evidence-based practices in dementia care and community awareness programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Nursing research studies investigating the relationship between spiritual wellbeing and health-related quality of life are lacking among Arab hemodialysis patients in Jordan or any other Arab country. The purpose of this study was to explore the associations between spiritual wellbeing, its religious and existential wellbeing dimensions, and health-related quality of life among Jordanian Muslim hemodialysis patients. Design: A cross sectional, quantitative correlational study. Methods: A convenience sample of 150 Jordanian hemodialysis patients completed a structured, self-administered questionnaire. Descriptive, bivariate, and multivariate regression models were used. Findings: The Jordanian hemodialysis patients had a moderate level of spiritual wellbeing and religious wellbeing, a low level of existential wellbeing, and a poor health-related quality of life. The findings revealed a significant moderate positive correlation between the spiritual wellbeing and its dimensions, and health-related quality of life. The existential wellbeing was the strongest predictor, with a large, positive, and significant effect after controlling for other spiritual, demographic and medical-related variables. Conclusion: Overall, the study suggests Jordanian hemodialysis patients use their religious and spiritual beliefs and practices as a coping mechanism, especially as sources of satisfaction, peace, comfort, strength and support, to help improve their health-related quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The spread of microorganisms is caused by direct or indirect contact, respiratory droplets, and airborne transmission. Knowledge and compliance with standard precautions are crucial in preventing infection in the hospital. Objectives: To assess the level of knowledge and compliance with standard precautions among registered nurses who work in military hospitals and the factors affecting compliance with standard precautions. Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted. Four hundred and eight registered nurses at three Jordanian Royal Medical Services hospitals completed an online self-report questionnaire using a convenience sampling technique. The statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 25 was used to analyze the data. Results: The level of knowledge of standard precautions among nurses was excellent, with an overall mean score of 15.59 ± 2.22 out of 20; around half (54%) of them had an excellent level. Nurses' compliance with standard precautions was intermediate, with an overall mean score of 59.65 ± 14.57 out of 80. Forty-seven percent of nurses had a high degree of compliance. Compliance with standard precautions was correlated positively with age, working experience in years, total knowledge score, training in standard precautions, and availability of personal protective equipment, and negatively with exposure to sharp injuries. Conclusion: Nurses play a key role in preventing and managing hospital infections through their responsibility for a large proportion of patient treatment and care. Therefore, efforts should be made to improve nurses' perceptions of the basic elements of standard precautions. Even so, results showed that compliance with standard precautions was intermediate. This highlights the need to take the necessary measures to raise the level of compliance. Even so, results showed that compliance with standard precautions was intermediate. This highlights the need to take the necessary measures to raise the level of compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Few longitudinal studies have focused on patients' cancer pain experience when receiving care in a multidisciplinary pain management clinic (MPMC). This study aimed to evaluate the experiences of a cohort of cancer patients newly engaged in a MPMC. Methods: This study was based on a longitudinal approach in which data were collected over a 6 months period at the King Hussein Cancer Centre in Jordan. The study adopted the Arabic version of the Brief Pain Inventory to identify the level and prevalence of cancer pain, and to identify the impact of receiving care at the MPMC on patients' pain experience. Data were collected over four time points, and the period between these points ranged from 2 to 3 weeks. Results: The majority of patients demonstrated improvement in their pain after receiving treatment at the MPMC, while a third still experienced severe pain. Significant improvement was reported at T1, and no further decline in pain was noted after this point. This indicates that exposure to the intervention provided by the MPMC generated, on average, an improvement in patients' pain experience. Conclusion: The MPMC may be an effective pain management strategy in the treatment of cancer pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Creative art therapy is a psychotherapeutic approach used to enhance the mental health status of patients. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of creative art therapy on the levels of depression, anxiety, and stress in Jordanian patients following stroke. Methods: One-group pretest–posttest design was used; it included four sessions of creative art therapy which were conducted as two sessions for two weeks. This study recruited 85 participants who were within three months poststroke diagnosis. The Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale was used to assess the levels of psychological reactions pre and post creative art therapy intervention. Results: The data showed that there was a statistically significant improvement in the levels of depression (t = 37.98; p <.001), anxiety (t = 20.59, p <.001), and stress (t = 35.52, p <.001) post-intervention. There was a statistically significant improvement in the study-related psychological aspects following creative art therapy. Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest that creative art therapy is a valuable method to complement other types of treatments among patients with stroke, resulting in positive patient mental health outcomes. Creative art therapy could be used as a psychotherapeutic approach to manage mental health complexities among patients with stroke. Health policymakers are invited to use the findings of this study to establish tailored counselor services using this new psychotherapeutic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Workplace violence has become an alarming phenomenon facing healthcare systems worldwide. Emergency nurses were the most victimized from workplace violence incidents. There is a crucial need for conducting qualitative research addressing the unique contextual factors associated with workplace violence against emergency nurses in Jordan. Purpose: This study aimed to explore circumstances that Jordanian emergency nurses, who were victims of workplace violence from clients and/or their relatives, perceive as provocative for workplace violence events. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological method was used. Purposive sampling was utilized to recruit participants (n=15), who were victims of workplace violence, and working in eight emergency departments distributed over all regions of Jordan. Semi-structured face-to-face interviews were conducted. All interviews were recorded and transcribed into Arabic. The Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was used to manually analyse the gathered data. Member checking, prolonged engagement with data, stepwise replication, and personal journaling were used to enhance the rigor of the study. Results: Findings of this study resulted in four superordinate themes that represents the main individual, social, and organisational factors contributing to workplace violence in Jordanian emergency departments. These themes include aggressors' misconceptions and misbehaviours with four subordinate themes, inappropriate Jordanian social customs with two subordinate themes, organisational circumstances of emergency department with two subordinate themes, and escalator nurses with three subordinate themes. Conclusion: This study highlighted how specific social, cultural, legal, and administrative aspects of Jordanian society were inappropriately employed so as to lead to spread of the workplace violence. This study has provided insight into the need for change at personal level of emergency nurses, social level of Jordanian public, and organizational level of hospital administration and environment in order to mitigate workplace violence incidence in emergency departments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Oral anticoagulation is the most common method to decrease the risk of stroke in people with atrial fibrillation. Purpose: To assess the knowledge of Jordanian nurses about anticoagulation therapy, the effectiveness of educational courses in increasing their knowledge, and the factors that affect nurses' changing knowledge following completion of an educational course. Method: A pre/posttest quasi‐experimental design was used. A total of 123 nurses participated in the study, identified by convenience sampling and recruited from five governmental hospitals in Jordan. To assess changes in knowledge between pre‐and posttest, a questionnaire based on European cardiovascular nurses' knowledge of anticoagulation therapy was used. An educational course was given to improve participants' knowledge of anticoagulation therapy. The participants' knowledge was assessed before and after the educational course. For data analysis, Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 23 was used. Results: Nurses' knowledge of anticoagulants was poor; however, a significant improvement was achieved following the educational course (M = 25.5, SD = 3.41), as compared to before conducting it (M = 12.2, SD = 5.3, t = 42.54, p < 0.001). Having an academic degree was found to affect the change in knowledge scores among participants (t = −3.52, p = 0.001). Conclusion: The educational course was effective in improving the nurses' knowledge. Baccalaureate degree holders achieved more improvement in their knowledge scores. Post‐graduate education for nurses would help to improve their knowledge of anticoagulants. Revision of nursing curricula may be deemed necessary to improve the quality of education for nurses during their degree work, especially regarding anticoagulants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Inappropriately selected models of nursing care delivery and emotional exhaustion of nurses at work not only affect the nurses' health, but also the health of their patients. Purpose: To examine the relationship between nursing care delivery models, nurses' emotional exhaustion, and quality of nursing care. Methods: A cross-sectional survey that used a convenience sampling technique was employed. A total of 160 participants completed the study. Participants provided information about nursing care delivery models, nurses, emotional exhaustion, and quality of nursing care. Results: Participants had a moderate level of emotional exhaustion. No statistically significant difference in the scores of quality of nursing care and emotional exhaustion were found according to the type of care delivery model (P >.05). Emotional exhaustion was significantly and negatively correlated with the (nursing staff characteristics) subscale of quality of nursing care (r = −.183, P =.021). There was a significant difference in emotional exhaustion in regard to shift duty, marital status, education level, years of experience, salary, and working area). Only marital status significantly predicted emotional exhaustion (t = 2.57, B = −8.98, P =.011). Conclusions: Quality of nursing care was associated with nurses' emotional exhaustion rather than models of nursing care delivery. As nurses' emotional exhaustion could negatively affect the quality of nursing care, addressing the emotional exhaustion of nurses is important to improve patient outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The purpose of this study was to examine the relationships between structural empowerment, psychological empowerment, and organizational commitment in Jordanian staff nurses. Background: Empowering nurses is one of the most effective strategies for increasing efficiency. Therefore, studying the contribution of structural and psychological empowerment to organizational commitment will provide a base for future interventions to improve nurses' working environment. Materials and Methods: This cross‐sectional study used snowball sampling to recruit staff nurses working in Jordanian public and private hospitals. The sample consisted of 180 nurses. Data were collected using three valid and reliable self‐reporting questionnaires that were distributed in electronic format. Results: Nurses reported a moderate level of both structural and psychological empowerment, and a high level of organizational commitment. Significant positive relationships were found between structural empowerment and psychological empowerment and organizational commitment (r =.62, p <.001) and (r =.57, p <.001) respectively. Conclusion: Staff nurses reported moderate levels of both structural and psychological empowerment, and have a high level of organizational commitment. Positive relationships between structural empowerment, psychological empowerment, and organizational commitment were found among Jordanian staff nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of healthcare workers toward COVID-19 preventive measures and related factors. Methods: Descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional design was used. A convenience sample of 140 Jordanian healthcare providers working in COVID-19 units from governmental hospitals completed the study during February–March 2021. A self-reported measure with three domains: knowledge (e.g., COVID-19 transmissions), attitudes (e.g., COVID-19 vaccination), and practices (e.g., handwashing) were used. An independent t-test was performed to assess the difference in knowledge, attitude, and practice depending on demographic and work-related variables, while Pearson r and multiple linear regression were performed to identify the relationships between the study variables and the predictors of COVID-19 preventive practices. Results: The majority of the participants had good knowledge (81.4%), good attitude (87.1%), and satisfactory practice (77.9%). Knowledge was significantly associated with attitude and practice (p <.01), and attitude was significantly associated with practice (p <.01). There was a statistically significant difference in knowledge, attitude, and practice depending on the existence of infection control policy, availability of PPE, and receiving infection control training (p <.05). Predictors of COVID-19 practice included knowledge and attitude, PPE availability, and receiving training on infection control (p <.05). Conclusion: This result might suggest that there are some gaps between knowledge, attitudes, and practices of COVID-19 preventive measures. Lack of PPE and inadequate infection control training could contribute to this gap. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Public awareness and attitudes toward cancer and cancer patients are highly important in enhancing the effectiveness of cancer screening and early diagnosis programmes. This study aimed to explore the public attitudes toward cancer and cancer patients in Jordan. Method: A cross-sectional design was used to conduct this online survey study in Jordan between March 20th and April 20th 2020.The sample was conveniently selected, and 1157 participants were included from the public. The Public Attitudes toward Cancer Questionnaire was employed. Results: Descriptive statistics, unpaired t-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression were utilized. The mean age was 44.2 years (SD = 20.1), and 53% were female. The total mean attitude score was 38.2 (SD = 4.3). Based on the results, having a family member or a friend with cancer (P = 0.003), willingness to be informed about cancer diagnosis (P = 0.001), informing a friend about cancer diagnosis (P = 0.021), and willingness to participate in screening and early detection programmes (P < 0.001) were significant predictive positive attitudes towards cancer and cancer patients. In addition, being married predicted more negative attitudes compared with being single (P = 0.001). Conclusion: This study demonstrated that Jordanians had positive attitudes toward cancer and cancer patients and most were willing to be informed about cancer diagnosis. This calls for healthcare providers to adopt shared decision models when devising health care plans for cancer patients, with more involvement on the parts of both patients and family members rather than adopting a paternal approach. Policy makers and managers should consider positive attitudes when developing healthcare programmes to enhance public participation in early cancer detection and screening programmes so as to reduce cancer mortality and morbidity rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Little is known about how Jordanian undergraduate medical and nursing students perceive Alzheimer's disease (AD) care. This study aimed to investigate nursing and medical students' AD knowledge, attitudes, and associated factors with their knowledge to inform reforms to multidisciplinary AD education undergraduate programs in Jordan. Cross-sectional research was carried out using a self-administered questionnaire. Students' knowledge was measured using the Alzheimer's Disease Knowledge Scale (ADKS) and attitudes were measured using the Dementia Care Attitude Scale (DCAS). The survey was completed by 423 nursing and medical students. The overall mean score on the ADKS for students' AD knowledge was 17.50 (SD=3.08) out of 30 and the DCAS for students' attitudes toward AD was 26.76 (SD=6.19) out of 40. Medical students had a higher level of AD knowledge and a lower level of positive attitude than nursing students (p<0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim and Objective: This study investigated the effects of social support, parenting stress and maternal self‐efficacy on postpartum depression among adolescent mothers in Jordan. Background: Adolescent pregnancy may have serious health, social and economic consequences for young women, families and communities. In Jordan, the incidence of adolescent pregnancy has increased from 5% in 2012 to 15% in 2018. Little attention has been given to postpartum depression among adolescent mothers in Arab and Middle Eastern countries. Method: In a cross‐sectional design using convenience sampling, 200 women aged less than 20 years, six to eight weeks postpartum and who could speak and read Arabic were interviewed in a participating health clinic. The interview occurred before or after a woman's scheduled clinic appointment and included socio‐demographic data, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS), Maternity Social Support Scale (MSSS), Parenting Stress Scale (PSS) and Perceived Self‐efficacy Scale (PSES). Data collection took place between December of 2018 and April of 2019. Reporting followed the STROBE guidelines. Results: Results revealed that 28.5% of adolescent mothers had probable postpartum depression. Mothers who reported high social support, high parenting stress, low self‐efficacy, financial stress and marital conflict had significantly higher EPDS scores than those who did not report these stressors. Conclusion: Prevalence of postpartum depression reported in this study warrants immediate action on early assessment, detection and intervention. High levels of social support may feel overwhelming for young mothers and contribute to high parenting stress, low maternal self‐efficacy and marital conflict. Relevance to clinical practice: Adolescent mothers are at increased risk of PPD compared to mothers over 20 years of age. Perceived quality rather than availability of social support needs to be considered. Young mothers require education and early intervention prevention strategies to better prepared them for motherhood and manage stressors associated with their changing social role. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

-Why you should read this article: • To refresh your knowledge about routes of infection and risk factors in toxoplasmosis • To learn about toxoplasmosis knowledge and practices among pregnant women in Jordan • To understand the preventive practices required from pregnant women to avoid toxoplasmosis Background: Toxoplasmosis is a common zoonotic infection which, in pregnant women, can result in miscarriage, stillbirth or child disability. Prevention and education play a crucial role in reducing the risks of infection and complications. Aim: To assess the knowledge and practices of pregnant women in Jordan in relation to toxoplasmosis and its prevention. Method: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted in a convenience sample of 583 pregnant women visiting a health centre, hospital or private gynaecology clinic in the Jordanian governorate of Mafraq. The governorate has the second-largest population of Syrian refugees in Jordan. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data on participants' knowledge and practices. Results: Of the 583 participants, 75% had never heard of toxoplasmosis. Participants demonstrated, to varying degrees, some adequate knowledge of toxoplasmosis prevention and some adequate use of preventive practices. None of the sociodemographic characteristics of participants was predictive of their level of knowledge of toxoplasmosis, except nationality: Syrian women had a statistically significant lower level of knowledge than Jordanian women. Conclusion: There are gaps in knowledge and practices among pregnant women in Jordan in relation to toxoplasmosis and its prevention. Improved health education, particularly for female Syrian refugees living in Jordan, could enhance knowledge and practices, thereby reducing the risks of infection and complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Predicting nurse turnover is important to prevent expensive and avoidable staff loss. One factor that may influence nurse turnover is nurse managers' leadership styles. Three main leadership styles have been identified: transactional, in which leaders give contingent rewards; transformational, in which leaders inspire and motivate; and passive-avoidant, in which leaders are absent. Aim: To assess the effect of nurse managers' leadership styles on predicted nurse turnover in Jordanian hospitals. Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional, and correlational study design was used. The Multifactor Leadership Questionnaire (MLQ-5X) was used to assess nurses' perceptions of their nurse managers' leadership styles, while the Anticipated Turnover Scale was used to assess nurses' intention to leave the job. The questionnaires were distributed to 280 nurses in three public sector hospitals and one university-affiliated (teaching) hospital in the north of Jordan. Results: Responses were received from 250 nurses working in a variety of clinical areas, yielding a response rate of 89%. The respondents perceived that the transactional leadership style was the most common among their nurse managers, followed by the transformational style and passive-avoidant style. It was also identified that, on average, respondents had a slight intention to leave their jobs. The transformational leadership style was found to reduce predicted nurse turnover, while the passive-avoidant and transactional leadership styles had no significant effect on this. Conclusion: Understanding the effect of nurse managers' leadership styles on predicted nurse turnover may improve retention. Therefore, nurse managers should undertake training programmes on effective leadership to improve nurses' job satisfaction and reduce turnover. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim: To investigate the relationship between marital violence and Jordanian nurses' physical and mental health. Background: Despite the negative impact of marital violence on female nurses' health, few studies have investigated its physical and mental aspects. Method: A descriptive correlational design was used to investigate the relationship between marital violence and the physical and mental health of female Jordanian nurses. One hundred ninety‐eight female Jordanian nurses from five governmental hospitals were recruited. The Women Abuse Screening Test was used to measure forms of violence, and the SF‐36 V2 instrument was used to examine physical and mental health. The prevalence of violence was calculated, and the linear relationship between violence and physical and mental health was measured using Pearson correlation. Results: Female nurses reported a high percentage of different forms of violence. The study results revealed a negative relationship between violence and mental health and physical health. Conclusion: Jordanian female nurses suffered hazardous physical and mental health consequences of violence that adversely affect their entire life. Implications for nursing policy and education: Nursing educators should establish clear guidelines and training policies on marital violence for nurses through creation of an effective and cooperative networking and resources. Also, nursing/health policymakers should create responsive healthcare environment through raising the awareness on marital violence against nurses and providing counselling services for emergency and concurrent cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessing self-care is important aspects among patients with heart failure. However, few studies were conducted to assess self-care among patients with heart failure in Jordan. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the most and the least performed maintenance self-care behaviors and to examine the relationship between maintenance self-care behaviors and selected sociodemographics. A cross-sectional design utilizing a convenience sample of 226 patients with heart failure was used. The maintenance self-care mean was 53.89 and considered below the clinical target level (≥70). Asking for low salt item and performing physical exercises were the most performed self-care behaviors, while "trying to avoid getting sick" and "checking ankles for swelling" were the least performed self-care behaviors. Limited self-care behaviors indicated the need to implement cardiac education that may improve self-care behaviors. Cardiac education should target mainly patients with low income, low educational level, elderly, living alone, unemployed, and who are using traditional treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to explore the association between fruit and vegetable intake, high fat, body mass index (BMI) score, physical activity, and the occurrence of prostate cancer among Jordanian men. A case-control study was conducted in three large referral hospitals. The sample included 165 prostate cancer patients in the case group and 177 healthy participants in the control group. The results showed that smoking (odds ratio [OR] = 0.32; 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.18, 0.57]), a history of prostate infection (OR = 0.21; 95% CI = [0.11, 0.38]), high-fat intake (OR = 0.44; 95% CI = [0.23, 0.85]), and increased mean of BMI (OR = 1.08; 95% CI = [1.02, 1.13]) increased the likelihood of developing prostate cancer. Healthy diet and giving up smoking are recommended, as they may contribute to a reduction in the incidence of prostate cancer. More randomized clinical trials in this area are needed to strengthen the available evidence and reduce the effects of confounding variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves survival after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of a basic life support (BLS) educational course given to 110 middle school children, using a pretest posttest design. In the pretest, students were asked to demonstrate BLS on a manikin to simulate a real-life scenario. After the pretest, a BLS training course of two sessions was provided, followed by posttest on the same manikin. Students were assessed using an observational sheet based on the American Heart Association's BLS guidelines. In the pretest, students showed significant weakness in the majority of guidelines. In the posttest, they demonstrated significant improvement in their BLS skills. BLS training in the middle school was effective, considering the lack of previous skills. It is recommended that BLS education be compulsory in the school setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Headache is considered one of the most common complaints affecting all ages: children, adolescents, and adults. A school-based, cross-sectional study was conducted to assess primary headache among high school students aged 16–18 in Grades 11–12, over a period of 3 weeks (May 2017). A questionnaire was designed, in accordance with the International Headache Society's criteria. The Pearson's χ2 test was computed to show the differences between the variables. Nearly two thirds of the students reported having headache (19.0% tension-type headache, 8.8% migraine, and 39.0% unknown type). Nearly a quarter sought help for headache, and the most frequently used analgesic was acetaminophen (82.2%) followed by aspirin (5.1%). The current study revealed that the prevalence of headache and migraine was initially high and increased with age. Moreover, headache is one of the major public health problems among high school students. An education program conducted by school nurses and other health-care providers regarding headache and migraine is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ovarian cancer accounts for 3% of all female cancers and has a high mortality rate among gynecological malignancies. Early diagnosis carries a high survival rate of 93%. So, this study was carried out to assess the knowledge and awareness of Jordanian women about ovarian cancer symptoms and risk factors. A cross-sectional survey design was used; 896 women completed the survey. The mean of total symptoms recognized was low at level of 3.2 (SD = 2.7) out of 10. The three highest known symptoms among women were as follows: extreme fatigue (43.2%), back pain (42.4%), and persistent pain in pelvic area (40.7%). The most commonly known risk factor was smoking (68.4%), followed by having ovarian cyst(s) (59.7%). Hence, with the absence of an effective screening program, a national awareness campaign is urgently needed to improve the public’s understanding of symptoms and risk factors and increasing women’s confidence in symptom recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Asthma is a chronic illness of the airways that can cause a persistent cough. The illness affects a significant population of young people worldwide and can affect their ongoing quality of life. Aim To explore Jordanian adolescents' knowledge and attitudes to asthma. Method A cross-sectional research design was used with a convenience sample of 302 adolescents from six schools in northern Jordan, who completed a self-reported knowledge and attitude survey. Results Although the adolescents had an adequate knowledge level about asthma, several areas of knowledge deficit were identified and some negative attitudes were demonstrated. No significant association was found between adolescents' level of knowledge and their attitudes to adolescents with asthma. Conclusion Jordanian adolescents need more educational programmes about living with life-changing chronic illnesses such as asthma, and about how the knowledge and positive attitudes of peer groups can normalise the illness for the affected person, enhancing their quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nonfatal injuries are considered as one of the major public health hazards affecting schoolchildren, and the majority of these injuries occur at school or in the home. A cross-sectional study was conducted over a period of 3 months, March–May 2015. The participants were 4,355 Jordanian schoolchildren in Grades 7–12. The Pearson χ2 test was computed, and the odds ratio was used to determine the magnitude of various risk factors for nonfatal injuries among schoolchildren. The overall incidence of nonfatal injury was 33.9%. The group most likely to sustain nonfatal injuries was boys, aged 12–15, in Grade 7, whose parents had a low level of education or a high family income. Injury prevention in schools and at homes is a cornerstone for protection or reducing the incidence of injuries. School nurses have a duty to follow up and examine the accident reports and evaluate whether safety policies are applied and are effective in different school settings. Furthermore, health and education authorities should develop a national program for preventing injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Older adults are at a higher risk of being diagnosed with long-term conditions than those in other age groups. The aim of this study was to examine long-term conditions associated with, and predictive of, primary health care (PHC) service use among older adults living in the Irbid Governorate of Jordan over the previous one, six and 12 months. Cross-sectional data were collected from 190 adults aged 60 years and above. Face-to-face interviews were conducted within the catchment areas associated with three comprehensive healthcare centres. Results show that rates of PHC service use among older adults with long-term conditions are high, with heart conditions, diabetes and hypertension the most consistent predictors of service use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To determine what secondary schoolchildren in Jordan want from overweight and obesity intervention strategies and prevention programmes. Method A school-based, cross-sectional study using a quantitative design was carried out during October 2014. The participants were secondary schoolchildren in grades 11 and 12. Data were analysed using SPSS program version 17. Percentages, standard deviations and means were computed. Findings The main suggestions were for programmes at school, during school hours (n=962, 85.4%), followed by one that involved family and friends (n = 951, 84.5%), and a programme at a convenient time free of charge (n=919, 81.6%). The students also suggested many strategies to tackle overweight and obesity, such as: taking more physical exercise (n = 925, 82.1%), increasing consumption of more fruit and vegetables (n = 712, 63.2%) eating less fast food (n = 689, 61.2%). Conclusion Schools, families, health providers and community organisations should encourage students to adopt healthy lifestyles, and facilitate their selection and participation in health programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Breakfast is considered to be the most important meal of the day. It provides the essential nutrients needed for the day's activities. Aims To determine the prevalence of breakfast consumption and to assess the nutritional status of students aged 12-18 years. Methods A school-based study carried out between September and October 2014 involved 1,303 school students from grades 7 to 12, aged 12 to 18 years, who completed a questionnaire on breakfast consumption. The chi-square test was used. An odds ratio and 95% confidence interval determined the predictive factors for skipping breakfast. Results The prevalence of breakfast consumption was 52.3%, statistically decreasing with age. Adjusted logistic regression analysis reflected a statistically high consumption among 12-15 year olds, those with highly educated mothers and those with low family income. Conclusion For the target groups at risk, a community and school-based health education programme, conducted by school nurses and other healthcare providers, would be beneficial. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a cross-sectional study to investigate the workplace violence against emergency department staff (EDS) working at hospitals in Jordan. Workplace violence against EDS is the most common and widespread phenomena of violence, and patients and their relatives are identified as the main perpetrators of this violence. EDS should be trained to deal with violent incidents and legislation related to workplace violence should be instituted and developed.

Background: Disordered eating attitudes and behaviours are linked to poor physical and psychological outcomes. Aim: To examine the individual, psychological, and socio‐cultural factors associated with disordered eating attitudes among Jordanian adolescents. Methods: A stratified sampling method was used to select school students aged 15 to 18 years from three governates in Jordan in 2013/2014. Participants filled out questionnaires on socio‐demographic variables, the Eating Attitudes Test (EAT‐26; to discriminate adolescents with disordered eating); the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ; used to measure psychological factors associated with disordered eating); Body Mass Index was calculated and obesity evaluated according to international cut off points (to categorize normal weight, overweight, and obese adolescents, and these categories were used as individual factors associated with disordered eating). Results: A total of 963 (460 boys and 503 girls) participated in the study. Disordered eating (EAT score ≥ 20) was present in 389 (40.4%); body shape dissatisfaction (BSQ scores ≥110) was present in 161 (16.8%). Overweight and obesity were found in 332 (34.5%) participants. Unhealthy weight loss behaviours (such as self‐induced vomiting, substance abuse, and smoking) were very common. Multivariate logistic regression analysis demonstrated that female sex, urban residence, distorted perceptions of weight, BMI (excess weight), body dissatisfaction, and socio‐cultural variables (parents, peers and mass media) were significantly associated with disordered eating. Conclusion: Jordanian urban adolescents seem to embrace Western norms to fit in with the demands of Western culture. Socio‐cultural factors, particularly mass media, play a significant role in changing adolescents' norms. Prevention and intervention programs are needed to control these disorders. SUMMARY STATEMENT: What is already known about this topic? Worldwide, disordered eating among adolescents is a significant health issue with serious physical, psychological, and social consequences.Studies on the factors that lead to the development of disordered eating in Jordanian adolescents are limited What this paper adds? The rate of disordered eating in this study indicated that adolescents are being exposed to greater pressures to fit in with "Western" norms more than previously.Sociocultural factors appear to play a significant role in changing adolescents' norms.Adolescents who engage in dieting or weight loss behaviours might not necessarily be overweight and may in fact even be normal weight. The implications of this paper: School nurses have multiple opportunities to facilitate early detection, initiate prevention programmes, and develop culturally sensitive interventions.Offering school nurses an effective assessment tool like EAT‐26 will allow them to accurately assess students, identify those at risk, and develop appropriate prevention strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Schoolchildren demonstrated inadequate knowledge about the causes of epilepsy. • The most common source of students' knowledge about epilepsy was from the media. • The students' feeling of responsibility or thinking they were doing their best for the patient by contacting the parents. • Most of students said that a person with epilepsy should be able to marry and have children. • Schoolchildren who already had first aid training presented more positive attitudes than those who had not. The purpose of this study was to assess knowledge, attitudes, and practice toward epilepsy among Jordanian schoolchildren. A cross-sectional design was used, utilizing a self-administered questionnaire to assess students' knowledge, attitudes, and practices in eight schools in a single province in Jordan. The results showed students' age ranged from 12 to 18 years (mean = 15.19, SD = 1.8). Students demonstrated inadequate knowledge and negative attitudes toward people with epilepsy. None of the participating students had received first aid or seizure management training in or out of school. The conclusion state that students demonstrated poor knowledge and negative attitudes toward people with epilepsy. They had no form of education or training regarding epilepsy management or first aid, indicating a need to launch education sessions as part of the school curriculum and to introduce straightforward activities in the school health education program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Nurses are a crucial part of healthcare organisations, constituting around half of the global healthcare workforce. Therefore, it is important to examine the factors that may affect their job performance, which is central to the delivery of effective healthcare services., Aim: To examine the relationships between stress, resilience and job performance within the nursing context in Jordan., Method: A cross-sectional descriptive correlational design was used. A self-administered questionnaire comprising stress, resilience and job performance scales was completed by a convenience sample of 207 nurses working in five hospitals in the northern and middle regions of Jordan., Results: Overall, respondents self-reported moderate stress levels, normal resilience levels and moderate job performance. The study identified: a moderate positive correlation between stress and resilience; a weak negative correlation between stress and job performance; and a weak positive correlation between resilience and job performance., Conclusion: It is essential that nurse managers, leaders and policymakers implement measures to mitigate the stressors encountered by nurses, increase resilience and foster effective coping mechanisms. Such measures could enhance nurses' resilience and job performance, ultimately improving patient care., Competing Interests: None declared, (© 2023 RCN Publishing Company Ltd. All rights reserved. Not to be copied, transmitted or recorded in any way, in whole or part, without prior permission of the publishers.)

Background: Pain is the most common symptom experienced by both cancer and non-cancer patients. A wide variety of barriers may hinder the optimal treatment of cancer and noncancer pain that are related to the health care system, health care providers, and patients., Purpose: To explore the barriers to pain management as perceived by patients with cancer and noncancer chronic diseases., Method: A descriptive, cross-sectional correlational design was employed to recruit a sample of 200 patients (n = 100 patients with cancer, n= 100 patients with noncancer) from two hospitals in Jordan. Patients filled out an Arabic version of Barriers Questionnaire II (ABQ-II)., Results: Harmful effects of medications were the greatest barrier to effective pain management, while fatalism had the lowest mean scores. Age was negatively correlated with physiological effects (r = -0.287, p < .01), communication (r = -0.263, p < .01), harmful effects (r = -0.284, p < .01), and the overall barrier score (r = -0.326, p < .01) among noncancer patients with chronic disease and (p > .05) for patients with cancer. Patients with cancer had higher mean scores (M = 2.12, SD = 0.78) in the fatalism subscale than those with noncancer chronic disease (M = 1.91, SD = 0.68), while patients with noncancer chronic disease had significantly higher mean scores (M = 2.78, SD = 0.78) in the communication subscale than patients with cancer (M = 2.49, SD = 0.65), (t = -2.899, p = .005)., Conclusion: To improve the quality of care for patients who are in pain, it is recommended to address pain management barriers as they arise., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2024. Published by Elsevier Inc.)

Background: After the COVID-19 pandemic, the online style of instruction started to replace the traditional style in Jordan., Aims: This study aims to (1) assess the nursing students' perceived obstacles to online learning in Jordan; (2) explore significant relationships between participants' characteristics and their perceived obstacles; and (3) assess for significant differences in the perceived obstacles based on participants' characteristics., Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive design was utilized in this study. A convenient sample of 325 nursing students responded to a self-reported questionnaire utilizing Google Forms. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the dataset using the SPSS software., Results: The mean scores of the obstacles to online learning were 2.94 (SD = 0.95) for the academic obstacles subscale, 2.90 (SD = 0.83) for the technological obstacles subscale, and 3.25 (SD = 1.00) for the administrative obstacles subscale. Significant associations were found between participants' characteristics and perceived obstacles to online learning. For instance, the type of university was significantly associated with academic ( r  = -0.32, p < 0.01), technological ( r  = -0.21, p < 0.01), and administrative obstacles ( r  = -0.32, p < 0.01). Furthermore, significant differences were found in the perceived obstacles based on the participants' demographic and studentship-related characteristics., Conclusions: According to their perceptions of online learning, nursing students in Jordan face three types of obstacles: academic, technical, and administrative. Decision-makers should intervene to enhance the online learning experience by overcoming the reported obstacles., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 Haitham Khatatbeh et al.)

Aims: This study evaluates the epidemiology of headache and migraine among adolescents aged 12 to 15., Methods: A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted to collect and analyze data from students in grades 7-10 over the course of one month, using a simple random sampling method. The overall number of participants in this study was 692, with an average age of 13.9 years (SD = 1.3). Descriptive measures and Fisher's exact test were computed. Multivariate regression was calculated to assess the predictors of headache and migraine. Findings . Approximately one-half of the students reported having headaches: tension-type headaches (10.3%), migraines (4.8%), and other headache types (31.5%). Moreover, girl students in the age group of 14-15 reported more headaches and migraines., Conclusion: The prevalence of headache and migraine in Jordan is high and increasing as students grow older. Health education programs led by school nurses and other healthcare practitioners are urgently needed., Competing Interests: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2023 Mohammed Albashtawy et al.)

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms in Jordanian midwives and identify associated factors., Design: Setting and participants: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted with a sample of 321 registered midwives from 18 public hospitals in Jordan that provide antepartum, intrapartum, postpartum care, and family planning services. The survey included the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and demographic and professional data forms., Findings: High rates of depression (76.2%); anxiety (85.3%) and stress (66.8%) symptoms were reported among midwives in Jordan. Midwives aged between 22 - 30 years reported more depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms than midwives in the other age groups. Married midwives had higher depression symptoms than single midwives. Midwives with < 10 years in practice had higher depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms compared to midwives with ≥ 10 years in practice. Midwives providing care for > 10 women per shift had higher anxiety and stress symptoms than midwives caring for five or less women per shift. Midwives who rotated between shifts had higher depression and stress symptoms than midwives who did not rotate., Conclusions: Rates of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms reported by Jordanian midwives were higher than rates reported by midwives in other countries. The high rates of distress highlight the urgent need for national strategies to support the emotional wellbeing and retention of midwives within Jordanian settings., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2022 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

The purpose of this study was to ascertain elementary schoolteachers' perceptions of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in northern Jordan. This study utilized a descriptive cross-sectional research design using a self-reporting questionnaire to gather data from elementary schoolteachers in northern Jordan from February to June 2019. The results indicate that elementary schoolteachers in northern Jordan have negative perceptions regarding ADHD and its causes, treatment, and diagnosis. The lack of professional pre-service training and education about children's behavioral problems overall, but especially regarding ADHD knowledge and management of children with ADHD was found to be deficient among our sample of elementary schoolteachers. The pronounced lack of research on teacher management of ADHD in children in Jordan may have contributed to these findings. Structured educational and training programs addressing children with ADHD should be implemented to enhance teachers' knowledge about ADHD and to improve their role in helping the affected children and their families., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC part of Springer Nature.)

Background: Phlebitis is one of the most common complications of peripheral intravenous catheter (PIVC) that can lead to many complications, including higher medical costs and longer hospital stays., Objective: To identify the incidence of phlebitis associated with PIVC and determine its risk factors among hospitalized pediatric patients., Methods: An observational and cross-sectional design was used. Data such as patient's demographics, medical diagnosis, place of admission, and other PIVC characteristics were recorded. In addition, observations of PIVC sites over 12-hour intervals were conducted to measure PIVC complications using the Visual Infusion Phlebitis (VIP) scale., Sample and Setting: Over a period of six months, a sample consisting of 307 children from five governmental hospitals that are located in north and middle Jordan were targeted. The sample consists of patients under 12 years old with PIVCs who were hospitalized in pediatric departments., Results: PIVC catheterization has been associated with several complications such as phlebitis (N = 164; 53.4%), extravasation (N = 107, 34.9%), pain (N = 37; 12.1%), leakage (N = 37; 12.1%), and obstruction (N = 26; 8.5%). The main risk factors for phlebitis were: children admitted to wards, PIVC inserted by novice nurse, catheter inserted in the lower limbs, and catheter with contaminated dressing., Conclusion: This study enriches knowledge of PIVC complications and risk factors of phlebitis to help nurses avoid complications and initiate prompt treatment, leading to decrease financial burden as well as patient pain and discomfort., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that there is no conflict of interest regarding the publication of this article., (Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Background: Implementation of isolation precautions from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has been justified through research and clinical evidence. However, nurses' understanding and compliance with these precautions is still unknown. The aim of this study was to assess nurses' knowledge and practices in relation to isolation precautions in Jordan., Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive design was used. The study took place in 8 hospitals in Jordan. A self-reported questionnaire and an observational checklist were developed based on the CDC (2007) isolation precautions guidelines., Results: A total of 247 questionnaires were returned out of 400, for a response rate of 61.7%. The results show that most nurses (90%) have good knowledge of isolation precautions. However, only 65% of nurses reported good compliance with isolation precautions. The results of a t test revealed that nurses with Bachelor's degrees perform better in knowledge examinations than nurses with 2-year diplomas (P < .001). However, there was no significant difference in knowledge and self-report practices scores based on nurses' previous training and existence of isolation guidelines in their units or wards (P > .05). The results of the checklists confirm that there is a low compliance with standard isolation practice. In addition, the checklist shows that a high percentage of units and wards do not use isolation signs (46.4%) and posters (34.5%)., Conclusions: This study revealed that educating nurses about isolation is not enough strategy to improve their compliance. It is important to adapt other strategies, such as supporting nurses by giving them a manageable workload, and providing more supplies and reminders of isolation precautions in the hospitals., (Copyright © 2018 Association for Professionals in Infection Control and Epidemiology, Inc. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)