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This report reflects postgraduation activities of college students who graduated in Pennsylvania in 1975. While the report does not attempt to say what the relationship between higher education and postgraduation occupations should be, it does clarify what many of these relationships actually are by indicating the demand for and supply of graduates in various fields of study, various degree levels and by institutional control. Data are included on employment status by major discipline and general degree field, relatedness of employment to major field, and out-migration. (Author/MSE)

Data are tabulated for Pennsylvania academic libraries in three main categories: collections (1974-75), staff salaries (1975-76), and operating expenditures (1974-75). Data on library collections cover number of volumes, microforms, and audiovisual titles. Information on library staff includes number of professional and support staff, and staff status and salaries. Expenditures are tabulated by institutional category and by type of expenditure and institution. (LS)

Population projections developed by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, 1970 to 2000, have been updated to report the latest information on fertility and mortality trends and migration within the State. Methology utilized closely resembles the cohort component procedure, with multiple regression analysis applied to historical information for mortality and fertility rate projections and net migration estimates involving recent economic and labor trends. Statistics are discussed with tables and graphs provided. It is stated tha the population projection for the State indicate modest growth between 1970 and 2000, with the number of children aged 5 to 19 years expected to decline rapidly between 1970 and 1985. Thereafter, it is expected that the State's population will begin to stabilize, increasing only slightly over the next 30 years. Appended material, 82 pages, discusses the computation of fertility rates and presents the following statistics: population projections for the State, 1970 to 2000; population projections for the counties, 1970 to 2000; and population projections for Pennsylvania's 10 State Board of Education higher education planning regions, 1970 to 2000. (LH)

The demand and supply of baccalaureate degree engineers from 1975 to 1983 are assessed, with some analysis of the implications the declining birth rate will have beyond 1983. The study reveals a current (1975) shortage for all types of engineers as well as a considerable long-term shortage to 1983 because of the probable response to the energy crisis. The greatest need, numerically, will be for electric-electronics engineers, mechanical engineers, industrial engineers, and chemical engineers. There will also be a marked increase in demand for highly specialized types, such as energy production, biomedical, health systems, and aquaculture. The long-term decline in the number of college-age youth projected here indicates a severe and deepening shortage of trained engineers unless currently undertapped populations, such as women and minorities, are recruited. Some consideration is also given to the problem of obsolescence and the possible role that industry and the schools of engineering may play in reducing it. Recommendations are made for (1) encouraging more students to major in engineering, (2) placing more emphasis on in-service and continuing education to avoid obsolescence and upgrade personnel quality, and (3) not building more classrooms but making more funds available to upgrade teaching and lab equipment. (Author/LBH)

The Pennsylvania Department of Education's Office of Higher Education authorized this survey of 26,719 graduates of 86 Pennsylvania higher education institutions receiving baccalaureate degrees from December 1973 to August 1974 regarding their postgraduation activities. The study examines (1) how many got jobs; (2) how closely the graduates considered their jobs to be related to their major field of study; (3) which major degree fields led to the most employment success; (4) where graduates were employed geographically in relation to the institution from which they graduated; and (5) whether there were significant differences in postgraduation activities by race, sex, type of institution or higher education planning region. The study is aimed at students as well as counselors, placement personnel, and educational planners. The results intend to help students and institutions better match educational preparation to the job market. (JMF)

This publication provides statistical data and trends for all institutions of higher education in Pennsylvania. All institutions in Pennsylvania responded to this survey. The data were obtained directly from the institutions on schedules supplied by the State Department of Education in cooperation with the National Education Association's annual survey. Part I reports on elementary, secondary, and ungraded teachers prepared in 1974-75; Part II reports on occupational pursuits of elementary, secondary, and ungraded teachers prepared in 1974-75. There are ten tables and four figures. (MM)

Details of relationships between employment demand and the supply of graduates of various degree fields and degree levels from all types of institutions in Pennsylvania in 1977 are presented. Data on 45,078, or 50.5 percent of the higher education graduates at all degree levels, represents graduates' status five to six months after their graduation. All state and community colleges and two-thirds or more of state-aided and private junior colleges were not included. Postgraduate activities for graduates from 23 major disciplines are reported for the following five degree levels: bachelors, masters, doctoral, first-professional, and associate. Approximately 50 statistical tables are included, and some of the findings are summarized in the text. It was found that bachelor degree graduates experienced high employment rates if they had majored in computer sciences, engineering, or the health professions. A weak job market was experienced particularly by bachelor degree graduates in area studies, biological sciences, foreign languages, letters, psychology, social studies, and interdisciplinary studies. At the graduate levels employment was increasingly favorable, and a high percentage of associate degree graduates went on to further education. (SW)

Three lengthy tables and four charts present information on the 1981-82 planned tax effort of each of Pennsylvania's 501 school districts and 67 counties. The tax effort, or "equalized mills," equals each district's budgeted taxes divided by its projected 1981 market value. The report gives a brief illustration of how the tax effort helps establish, through a mathematical formula, each district's basic instruction subsidy from the state for the following year. Included in the tables and charts are data on market value, equalized mills, district and county tax effort rankings, aggregate statewide school taxes from 1977 through 1982, and income from real estate, utility, and per-capita taxes. The data show that real estate taxes account for over 78 percent of budgeted school taxes and that total school district taxes rose to $2.7 billion in 1981-82, almost 9 percent higher than in 1980-81. (Author/RW)

Data on tuition and required fees and room and board charges at Pennsylvania colleges and universities for 1981-82 are presented, along with comparative data for previous years. In general, the tuition and required fees doubled from the academic year 1972-73 to 1981-82. By category these increases ranged from a low of 82.7 percent at state-related commonwealth universities to a high of 128.5 percent at the private state-aided institutions. In many instances, tuition increases lagged behind the consumer price index by one or two years. From 1972-73 through 1981-82, combined room and board charges increased at a smaller rate than tuition and required fees. These increases ranged from 75.6 percent at the state-related commonwealth universities to 107.9 percent at the private state-aided institutions. The data are broken down by institutional type, in-state or out-of-state, and by level (undergraduate, graduate, and first-professional). Data for the specific institutions are also presented. (SW)

Statistical data and trends relating to the enrollment of minorities in higher education in Pennsylvania for the fall 1980 term are examined. There were 49,060 minority students enrolled in 1980 compared to 45,083 minority students in 1978. Minority students comprise 9.6 percent of the total enrollment, and 81.5 percent of all minorities are registered as undergraduates. Minority students make up 6.7 percent of all first-professional students and 6.8 percent of all graduate students. Black students comprise 7.7 percent of the total enrollment and 8.4 percent of the undergraduate enrollment; and 64.7 percent of all black students are full-time, while 68.0 percent of the total student enrollment is full-time. The state-related commonwealth universities enroll the most black students, 10,990 persons, who comprise 8.3 percent of institutions' total enrollment. Data on undergraduate enrollment by major fields of study indicate that: 1.3 percent of all agricultural and natural resources students, 7.3 percent of all architecture and environmental design students, 7.2 percent of all biological science students, 8.0 percent of all business and management students, 6.6 percent of all engineering students, and 6.1 percent of all physical science students are from minority groups. Data also are provided on selected graduate fields of study and the following first-professional fields of study: dentistry, medicine, veterinary medicine, and law. (SW)

Summer school and fall enrollments in Pennsylvania during 1975 are reported and compared with fall enrollments in the United States, 1972-1975. Statistics are offered for: total enrollments; enrollments in branch campuses and other centers; lower division undergraduate, non-bachelor's degree-credit upper-division, first-professional, graduate, and unclassified enrollments in institutions within the state; first-time freshmen enrollments; and full-time equivalent enrollments. (LBH)

Data on professional and support personnel are presented, arranged according to the variables of institution type, occupational activity, employment status, and sex. Variables for data on faculty are institution type, academic area, sex, and employment status (full-time, part-time, and full-time equivalent). Salary and fringe benefits data are given for full-time instructional faculty according to contract length, rank, sex, and institution type. (MSE)

Contents include: (1) bachelor's and higher degrees conferred by institution type (1965-66 to 1974-75), by major and degree level (1974-75), by institution and program level (1974-75), by major and program level and sex (1974-75), and by major and institution and program level (1974-75); (2) associate degrees conferred by institution (1965-66 to 1974-75); and (3) associate and other formal awards based on less than four years of work by level, program, institution, and program length (1974-75). Data are presented in tables and charts, with some narration. (MSE)

Results are presented of a survey conducted by the Pennsylvania Department of Education into the development of teaching skills and abilities of recent graduates of performance based teacher preparation programs and into their perceptions of the characteristics of these programs. The survey instrument was divided into two sections. Section One investigated teacher perceptions of the programs in which they participated (program objectives, methods of instruction, evaluation methods, and program flexibility) with responses measured on a four-point scale. Section Two elicited teacher ratings, on a three-point scale, of the importance, level of skill attainment, and level of use of twenty-two teaching skills and abilities. Data are presented on (1) mean scores for all 1975 and 1976 respondents who had graduated from Pennsylvania colleges durinq the academic year prior to their first teaching position; (2) findings for individual colleges in the 1976 sample; and (3) mean scores on the program characteristics and mean ratings for the twenty-two skill and ability statements. (MJB)

Data on tuition and required fees and room and board charges at Pennsylvania colleges and universities for 1984-1985 and previous years are presented. Tables provide the following information: average in-state undergraduate tuition and required fees by institutional category, 1975-1985; average combined room and board charges by institutional category, 1975-1985; average tuition and required fees by institutional category by program level, 1984-1985; undergraduate and graduate tuition and required fees for 1984-1985; first-professional tuition and required fees by field of study, 1984-1985; and room and board charges at specific campuses, 1984-1985. The data indicate that: average in-state undergraduate tuition and required fees ranged from $977 at the community colleges to $6,162 at the private state-aided institutions; average in-state undergraduate tuition and required fees increased 8.8 percent at private institutions over the 1983-1984 charges; average combined room and board charges ranged from $1,834 at the state universities to $2,898 at the private state-aided institutions; while tuition and fees did not increase at theological seminaries, these institutions had a 9.1 percent increase in average combined room and board charges over the 1983-1984 level. (SW)

Data on Pennsylvania higher education faculty for 1983-1984 and previous years are presented. Tables provide the following information for full-time instructional faculty: mean salaries of faculty employed on a nine-month contract by rank and type of institutional control, 1974-1984; fringe benefits of faculty employed on a nine-month contract, 1975-1984; mean salaries of faculty by rank and institutional category, 1974-1984; mean salaries of faculty by contract length and rank by institutional category, 1983-1984; mean salaries of faculty on a 12-month contract by rank and sex by institutional category, 1983-1984; and expenditures for fringe benefits for faculty by length of contract by type of benefit, 1983-1984. The 1983-1984 data indicate that: since 1974, the mean salary for selected faculty ranks on nine-month contracts rose by 80.1 percent; since the 1982-1983 academic year, the mean salary for selected faculty ranks on nine-month contracts rose by 8.7 percent; faculty on nine-month contracts in the State University System had the highest mean salary of the public institutional faculties; and faculty on nine-month contracts with the private state-aided institutions had the highest mean salary of the private college faculties; and fringe benefit expenditures increased 10.1 percent over the previous year amount. (SW)

Statistical data on Pennsylvania higher education finance for 1982-1983 are presented. Tables include the following information: current funds revenues by institutional control 1973-1983; percent of current funds revenues by source, 1973-1983; current funds expenditures by institutional control, 1973-1983; percent of current funds expenditures by function, 1973-1983; physical plant asset values by type of asset by institutional category, 1982-1983; indebtedness on physical plant for fiscal year (FY) ending 1983 by institutional category; and changes in endowment funds and fund balances for FY ending 1983 by institutional category. The 1982-1983 data indicate that: current funds revenues increased 13.4 percent since 1981-1982; student tuition and fees represented 32.5 percent of all reported current funds revenues while government appropriations represented 15.7 percent; current funds expenditures increased 13.7 percent since 1981-1982; instruction accounted for 27.4 percent of all reported current funds expenditures; hospitals represented 19.0 percent of all current funds revenues and 19.1 percent of current funds expenditures; indebtedness on physical plant increased 21.4 percent during the FY; and the market value of all endowment funds increased 38.6 percent by the end of the FY. (SW)

Data on 1982 summer and fall college enrollments in Pennsylvania are presented, along with brief narrative explanations. Tables are presented on the following: total enrollments in higher education institutions by type of institution, fall 1974-1983; enrollments in institutions by sex, fall 1974-1983; summer school registrations, 1974-1983; total enrollment in colleges and universities by institution, fall 1974-1983; enrollments in institutions by sex and enrollment status, fall 1983; enrollments by level of study by institution, fall 1983; registration in colleges and universities by level of study by institution, summer 1983. Statistics are reported for unclassified students as well as for undergraduates, graduates, and first-professional students. In 1983, the public institutions had an increase of 7,515 students, while the private institutions had an increase of 3,025 students. The specialized associate degree-granting schools and the state school of technology increased their enrollments by 6,107. For the fourth year in a row, there are more female than male students. Since 1974 summer school registrations have increased by 21.8 percent. (SW)

Data on degrees and other formal awards conferred in 1983-1984 in Pennsylvania colleges and universities are presented, including a brief narrative section on trends. Detailed statistical tables cover the following: associate and higher degrees conferred by level of program, 1983-1984; bachelor's degrees conferred in selected major fields of study, 1974-1975 through 1983-1984; associate and higher degrees conferred by sex, 1974-1984; associate and higher degrees conferred by institutional category and level of program, 1974-1984; associate and higher degrees conferred by field of study and level of program and sex, 1983-1984; and degrees and other formal awards conferred by institution by level of program, 1983-1984. A total of 96,801 associate and higher degrees were granted, broken down by level as follows: 21,417 associate, 56,541 bachelor's, 3,812 first-professional, 13,173 master's, and 1,858 doctor's. Additional findings include: 49.5 percent of all degrees were granted to women; 24 percent of all bachelor's degrees were in business and management, up from 13.7 percent in 1974-1975; and the number of associate degrees increased 6,875, up 47.3 percent since 1974-1975. (SW)

This publication presents data concerning individuals who received initial teacher certification for the 1980-81 school year in Pennsylvania. All institutions in Pennsylvania having teacher education programs (a total of 83) responded to the survey. Charts and tables provide statistics on: (1) trends in teacher preparation, employment, and certification from 1971 to 1981; (2) initial certificates issued by type of preparation by institution and by occupation, 1971 to 1981; (3) occupations in 1981 of teachers prepared in 1981, by field of study and by level of teaching; and (4) occupations in 1981 of teachers prepared in 1981 for combined or special education positions. (JD)

Data are presented on salaries, tenure, and fringe benefits of full-time instructional faculty at Pennsylvania colleges and universities for the 1981-1982 school year, and brief narrative descriptions of trends are included. Findings for the different sectors include the following: the mean salaries of full-time instructional faculty for selected ranks and selected institutions increased 84.9 percent from 1972-1973 to 1981-1982; for the public sector, the mean salaries rose by 87.8 percent over the period; although the private sector salaries increased at a slower rate (81.5 percent), the 1981-1982 mean salary represented an increase of 13.2 percent over 1980-1981; in 1972-1973, women comprised 19.9 percent of the full-time instructional faculty on contracts of 9 months; from 1972-1973 to 1981-82 the number of women on 9-month contracts increased by 37.6 percent to where women comprise 24.2 percent of the total; from 1972-1973 to 1981-1982, the mean salaries for men increased by 87.3 percent to $26,877, while the mean salaries for women increased to $21,426 (up 81.2 percent); in 1975-1976, 51.9 percent of the expenditures for fringe benefits for full-time instructional faculty employed on a contract of 9 months were for retirement plans; by 1981-1982, retirement plans accounted for only 39.5 percent of these expenditures; over the 1975-1976 period, medical/dental and all other benefits accounted for an increasingly larger portion of total fringe benefits expenditures; for the 7-year period ending in 1981-1982, expenditures for fringe benefits increased by 1.5 times. (SW)

Financial statistics for Pennsylvania colleges and universities for the fiscal year (FY) ending 1981, for 1971-1972 through 1980-1981, and for 1977-1978 through 1980-1981 are presented, along with narrative descriptions of financial trends at the institutions. Information includes the following: current-funds revenues by institutional control; percent of current-funds revenues by source; current-funds expenditures by institutional control; percent of current-funds expenditures by function; current-funds expenditures per full-time-equivalent enrollment as compared to the Consumer Price Index; total current-funds revenues by institutional category; total current-funds expenditures by institutional category; total current-funds expenditures by function; total current-funds revenues by source; current-funds revenues by source by institutional category; current-funds expenditures by function by institutional category; physical plant fixed assets with beginning and ending values, additions and deductions, and current replacement value by type of asset by institutional category; indebtedness on physical plant for FY ending 1981, by institutional category; statement of changes in endowment funds by book and market value and institutional category for FY ending 1981; and statement of changes of fund balances for FY ending 1981 by type of fund by institutional category. Among the trends are the following: the current-funds revenues for 1980-1981 represent a 143.6 percent increase over the 1971-1972 total; tuition and fees and government funds continue to be the main source of current-funds revenues; and the current-funds expenditures increased by 138.1 percent from 1971-1972 to 1980-1981. (SW)

Statistical data are presented on tuition and required fees and room and board charges at Pennsylvania colleges and universities for 1982-1983. Brief narrative descriptions of trends in these costs are also included. Data are presented on the following: average in-state undergraduate tuition and required fees for academic years 1973-1974 through 1982-1983 by institutional category; average combined room and board charges for academic year 1973-1974 through 1982-1983 by institutional category; average tuition and required fees for the academic year 1982-1983 by institutional category by program level; first-professional tuition and required fees by field of study for the academic year 1982-1983; and room and board charges at institutions of higher education for the academic year 1982-1983. The trend analyses indicated that generally the tuition and required fees doubled from the academic year 1973-1974 to 1982-1983. By category these increases ranged from a low of 96.7 percent at the private junior colleges to a high of 140.3 percent at the theological seminaries. Throughout the period, tuition and required fees at public institutions were about one-half the amount at private institutions. The average combined room and board charges include data for those institutions that reported charges for both room and board. Over the 10-year period, combined room and board charges increased at a smaller rate than tuition and required fees. These increases ranged from 83 percent at the state-related commonwealth universities to 122.4 percent at the private state-aided institutions. (SW)

Data on degrees and other formal awards conferred in 1980 to 1981 in Pennsylvania colleges and universities are presented, including a brief narrative section on trends. Detailed statistical tables cover the following: associate and higher degrees conferred by level of program and sex, 1971-1972; associate and higher degrees conferred as compared to opening fall enrollment, 1971-1972 through 1980-1981; bachelor's degrees conferred in selected major fields of study, 1971-1972 through 1980-1981; associate and higher degrees conferred by racial/ethnic category and by institutional category and level of degree; bachelor's and higher degrees conferred by level of program, institution, sex, major field of study, and institutional category, 1980-1981; associate degrees and other formal awards based on less than 4 years of work by level of award and sex by institution, 1980-1981; associate degrees and other formal awards based on less than 4 years of work by level of program and sex by program, 1980-1981; associate and higher degrees conferred by racial/ethnic category and sex by institutional category and level of degree, 1980-1981; bachelor's, master's, and doctor's degrees conferred by racial/ethnic category and sex by major field of study and level of program, 1980-1981; and first-professional degrees conferred by racial/ethnic category and sex by type of profession, 1980-1981. Trends include the following: the largest number of degrees awarded occurred in 1980-1981 at 91,352; for the last 5 years, data have been stable for first-professional and doctor's degrees while master's degrees have trended downward; the number of women receiving associate and higher degrees has steadily increased from 1972-1973 through 1980-1981, while the number of men receiving degrees has decreased every year since 1973-1974. (SW)

Data on summer and fall 1981 enrollments in Pennsylvania colleges and universities are presented, including a brief narrative section on trends. Detailed statistical tables cover the following: enrollments by enrollment status and by sex, fall 1972-1981; total enrollments by type of institution, fall 1972-1981; enrollments by level of study, fall 1972-1981; summer school registrations, 1972-1981; total enrollments by institution, fall 1972-1981; undergraduate enrollments by sex and enrollment status by institution, fall 1981; first-professional enrollments by sex and enrollment status by institution, fall 1981; graduate enrollments by sex and enrollment status by institution, fall 1981; unclassified enrollments by sex and enrollment status by institution, fall 1981; first-time freshmen enrollments by sex and enrollment status by institution, fall 1981; registrations by level of study by institution, summer 1981; and full-time-equivalent enrollments by level of study by institution, summer 1981. Trends include the following: with the exception of 1978, total enrollments in higher education have continued to rise over the last 10 years; both full- and part-time enrollments have increased; during the last 10 years, the number of female students enrolling in Pennsylvania colleges and universities has risen by 46.2 percent; in 1981 the percentage of females of the total enrollment was 50.8 percent; projections indicate a migration of students away from private institutions and toward the public institutions during the next 10 years; summer registrations have fluctuated considerably over the last 10 years; and undergraduate enrollments are the driving force behind the total enrollment in higher education in Pennsylvania. (SW)

Data on 1982 summer and fall college enrollments in Pennsylvania are presented. Tables are presented on the following: total enrollments in higher education institutions by type of institution, fall 1973-1982; enrollments in institutions by sex, fall 1973-1982; summer school registrations; total enrollments in colleges and universities by institution, fall 1973-1982; enrollments in institutions by sex and enrollment status, fall 1982; enrollments in colleges and universities by level of study by institution, fall 1982; and registrations in colleges and universities by level of study by institution, summer 1982. (SW)

Statistical data on Pennsylvania higher education faculty and staff for 1982-1983 and previous years are presented. Tables provide the following information: mean salaries of full-time instructional faculty employed on a 9-month contract for selected ranks by type of institutional control and by selected institutional categories, 1973-1974 through 1982-1983; fringe benefits of full-time instructional faculty employed on a contract of 9 months, 1975-1976 through 1982-1983; mean salaries of full-time instructional faculty employed on a 9-month contract by rank and sex by institutional category, 1982-1983; mean salaries of full-time instructional faculty employed on a 12-month contract by rank and sex by institutional category, 1982-1983; expenditures for fringe benefits for full-time instructional faculty by rank by type of benefit, 1982-1983; professional and supportive personnel by employment status and sex by occupational activity and institutional category, fall 1982; and professional employees by occupational activity and employment status by institution, fall 1982. (SW)

Statistical data on Pennsylvania higher education finance for 1981-1982 are presented. Tables provide the following information: current-funds revenues by institutional control, 1972-1973 through 1981-1982; percent of current-funds revenues by source, 1972-1973 through 1981-1982; current-funds expenditures by institutional control, 1972-1973 through 1981-1982; percent of current-funds expenditures by function, 1972-1973 through 1981-1982; current-funds expenditures per full-time equivalent enrollment as compared to the Consumer Price Index, 1972-1973 through 1981-1982; total current-funds revenues by source, 1978-1979 through 1981-1982; total current-funds expenditures by function, 1978-1979 through 1981-1982; physical plant fixed assets with beginning and ending values, additions and deductions, and current replacement value by type of asset by institutional category, 1981-1982; indebtedness on physical plant for fiscal year ending 1982 by institutional category; statement of changes in endowment funds by book and market value and institutional category for fiscal year ending 1982; and statement of changes of fund balances for fiscal year ending 1982 by type of fund by institutional category. (SW)