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Objectives: This study compared the effects of leukocyte platelet-rich fibrin (L-PRF) and advanced platelet-rich fibrin (A-PRF) on patients' quality of life and the healing of palatal wounds after free gingival graft harvesting. Method and materials: After free gingival graft harvesting, palatal donor sites of 36 patients were assigned to one of three groups: L-PRF group, A-PRF group, or palatal stent + periodontal pack group (control group). Wound healing was evaluated by H2O2 test. Pain was evaluated by visual analog scale and number of analgesics consumed. For patient quality of life, the Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) questionnaire was utilized. Results: Complete epithelialization was higher in the control group on day 7 than in the test groups (P < .05). Complete epithelialization was achieved in all groups 14 days postoperatively. Visual analog scale scores for pain and the number of analgesic tablets consumed were similar in all groups (P > .05). OHIP-14 total scores were similar in all study groups at 7 days postoperatively (P > .05). OHIP-14 total and physical pain score was lower in the L-PRF group than the A-PRF group at 14 days postoperatively (P < .05). Conclusion: Aside from the slight superiority of L-PRF over A-PRF, it can be concluded that both PRF procedures have similar effects on palatal wound healing and quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study explores the connection between Behçet's disease (BD), characterized by persistent oral and genital ulcers alongside iritis, and periodontal disease. It examines the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), and nitric oxide (NO) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and saliva. Methods: Forty Behçet's patients with gingivitis or periodontitis and 47 patients with either gingivitis or periodontitis but without BD were studied. Periodontal status was recorded with standard clinical indexes. GCF and saliva samples were obtained. NO, IL-1β and TNF-α levels were analysed. Current Behçet's symptoms and medications usage were recorded. Results: Mean salivary IL-1β was elevated (p =.045), and mean NO level was decreased in BD patients with gingivitis compared to patients without BD (p =.000). In contrast, mean NO level in crevicular fluid was higher in Behçet's patients with periodontitis than in patients without BD (p =.009). Furthermore, among Behçet's patients, those with vascular involvement had lower salivary NO level compared to patients without vascular involvement (p =.000). Conclusions: Based on our findings, the elevated levels of IL-1β in the saliva of Behçet's patients with gingivitis, along with the decreased NO level, indicate an altered inflammatory response in the oral cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: This study aims to assess the general health status and factors affecting the general health status in the 0–14 age group in Turkey. Methods: This cross‐sectional study was conducted using the Turkish Statistical Institute Turkey Health Survey 2022 micro data set. Results: This study included 7019 participants. Household heads described the general health status of 91.3% of children and the dental and gum status of 82.4% of children as very good or good, and 9.2% of children had any chronic disease. Although the median breastfeeding duration was 15 months, there is statistical significant association between sex and general health status (p = 0.014) and sex and duration of breastfeeding (p = 0.006). A statistical difference was found between duration of breastfeeding and general health status (p = 0.009) and dental and gum status (p = 0.001). Conclusion: In 2022, the majority of children in Turkey had very good or good general health and dental and gum status. More than a third of children were breastfed for less than 12 months. Considering the possibility of neglecting oral and dental health problems, it is recommended to prioritize oral and dental health literacy trainings and to continue breastfeeding promotion programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The study aimed to analyze the distribution and frequency of individuals diagnosed with histo-pathologically non-plaque-induced gingival lesions and categorize them according to the non-plaque-induced gingival disease classification published at the 2017 World Workshop of Periodontology. Materials and Methods: Clinical features of the gingival lesion with histopathological diagnosis data in the period 1998-2003 were retrospectively analyzed. The lesions were classified as reactive lesions, malignant neoplasms, premalignant neoplasms, autoimmune disorders, benign neoplasms, hypersensitive reactions, and genetic lesions. Their distribution according to age, gender, histopathological diagnosis, and oral sites was examined. Variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: Among a total of 217 biopsied gingival samples, the most frequent pathologic nature of biopsied non-plaque gingival lesions were reactive lesions (n = 80, 36.87%) and premalignant neoplasms (n = 64, 29.49%). In addition, the 5 most frequent types of all cases included pyogenic granuloma (n = 45, 20.74%), epithelial dysplasia (n = 40, 18.43%), papilloma (n = 33, 15.21%), epithelial hyperplasia (n = 24, 11.06%), and calcifying fibroblastic granuloma (n = 13, 5.99%). Conclusions: In a Turkish population, the most frequently biopsied non-plaque-induced gingival lesions were reactive lesions and premalignant neoplasms. This study shows that the types of lesions that clinicians, in general, especially periodontologists, can expect to encounter in their practice are the most frequently applied gingival lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photobiomodulation is recognized as an effective method for adjunct therapy in periodontal treatments. Our purpose in this study was to investigate the effects of different energy densities of 915 nm diode laser on the viability and viability capacity of human gingival fibroblast cells. Cell samples were examined in five groups, including four irradiation groups with low‐level diode laser 915 nm, 1, 2, 3, 4 J cm−2 and a control group (no Laser irradiation). Cell viability and viability were measured 1, 3 and 5 days after irradiation by MTT and DAPI assay. Statistical differences between groups at any time were analyzed by one‐way ANOVA and a post hoc Turkey's test. The cell viability and viability capacity increased on the third day at an energy density of 3 J cm−2; (P‐value = 0.007) and the fifth day at energy densities of 2, 3 and 4 J cm−2 was recorded compared with the control group (P‐value = 0.000). Also, a significant decrease in the viability and viability of irradiated cells with an energy density of 1 J cm−2 was found (P‐value = 0.033). According to our results, Photobiomodulation with 915 nm diode laser has a positive stimulating effect on the viability and viability capacity of human gingival fibroblast cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of this study was to compare clinical, cytokine and microbiological responses after quadrant‐based scaling and root planing (Q‐SRP), full‐mouth SRP (FM‐SRP) and full‐mouth disinfection (FMD) in patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAgP), which is currently termed as generalized stage‐III and grade‐C periodontitis. Methods: Forty‐two patients with GAgP were randomly assigned into groups as Q‐SRP, FM‐SRP or FMD with chlorhexidine. Clinical parameters were recorded, and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and subgingival plaque samples were collected at baseline, 3 and 6 months after treatment. GCF levels of interleukin (IL)‐1β and IL‐17 were analysed using ELISA. Quantities of six bacterial species were determined using qPCR. Results: Clinical parameters improved significantly in all groups at 3 and 6 months (p < 0.05). Percentage of sites with probing depth >6 mm was lower in the FMD than Q‐SRP group at 3 and 6 months (p < 0.05). FMD showed significantly higher percentage of pocket closure compared with Q‐SRP and FM‐SRP at both 3 and 6 months after treatment (p < 0.05). The IL‐1β levels decreased only in the FMD group (p < 0.05), whereas no changes were found in IL‐17 levels in any group. The levels of five out of six bacterial species decreased at 3 and/or 6 months only in the FMD group (p < 0.05). Conclusions: The FMD treatment appears to offer superior outcome than Q‐SRP and could be the first choice for patients with GAgP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: The aim of this study was to evaluate the people living in Sanliurfa region periodontally status. Materials and Methods: Patients who had a periodontal complaint between January 2019 and October 2019 were included in the study. Then, clinical and radiological examinations of the patients were performed. Age, sex, systemic disease, daily brushing, gingival growth, smoking habit, education level, gingival index, periodontal index, pocket depth, bleeding index, dmft index were evaluated in 31 male and 29 female patients. Results: According to the results obtained; The mean age of the patients admitted to our clinic was 38.91 ± 1.67, 16.7% of the patients had a systemic disease, 13.3% of them were using continuous medication, 18.3% of the patients never brushed their teeth and 58.3% did not brush their teeth once a day, 21.7% twice daily, 1.7% three times a day brushing teeth. Gingival enlargement was observed in 11.7% of the patients Conclusion: When we evaluate the periodontal status of individuals living in Sanliurfa, our results showed that education level and daily brushing rate increase periodontal health. Teaching tooth brushing and oral care methods, encouraging regular dentist control, gaining healthy eating habits and protecting our individuals from bad habits such as smoking have a positive effect on periodontal health. Further research is needed to obtain more accurate results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective Obesity has become an important global health concern as obesity-associated adiposity is supposedly related to systemic immunologic and inflammatory alterations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of obesity on periodontally healthy and diseased tissue according to the changes in malondialdehyde ( MDA), protein carbonyl ( PC) and total antioxidant capacity ( TAOC) levels in gingival crevicular fluid as biomarkers of oxidative stress ( OS). Material and Methods The study sample comprised systemically healthy normal-weight ( n = 45) and obese ( n = 48) adults. Obesity was diagnosed according to body mass index, waist circumference and waist/hip ratio. Periodontal status was evaluated according to plaque index, gingival index, bleeding on probing, probing depth and clinical attachment level. Participants were distributed among six groups according to obesity and periodontal status, as follows: normal weight+periodontally healthy ( NH); normal weight+gingivitis ( NG); normal weight+generalized chronic periodontitis ( NCP); obese+periodontally healthy ( OH); obese+gingivitis ( OG); and obese+generalized chronic periodontitis ( OCP). MDA, PC and TAOC levels were measured using ELISA. Results The MDA and PC levels in gingival crevicular fluid varied among groups, as follows: NCP > NG > NH ( p < 0.01) and OCP > OG > OH ( p < 0.01). Conversely, the levels of TAOC in gingival crevicular fluid varied as follows: NCP < NG < NH ( p < 0.01) and OCP < OG < OH ( p < 0.01). Paired comparisons conducted according to periodontal status showed MDA and PC levels to be higher, and TAOC levels to be lower, in the OCP group than in the NCP group, in the OG group than in the NG group and in the OH group than in the NH group. However, only the differences between the OCP and NCP groups were significant ( p < 0.01). In both obese and normal-weight individuals, clinical assessments showed significant, positive correlations with MDA and PC levels and negative correlations with TAOC levels ( p < 0.01). Conclusion Obesity may influence periodontal tissue destruction and disease severity by increasing the level of oxidative stress in the presence of periodontal disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and objective The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of obesity on reduced and oxidized glutathione ( GSH and GSSG) levels in the gingival crevicular fluid, plasma and saliva of patients with chronic periodontitis and to evaluate the changes after nonsurgical periodontal therapy. Material and methods The study included 60 patients: 30 patients with chronic periodontitis (15 obese patients and 15 normal weight patients) and 30 healthy control subjects (15 obese patients and 15 normal weight patients). Gingival crevicular fluid, plasma and saliva samples were collected, and clinical periodontal measurements were recorded at baseline and at the first month after periodontal therapy from patients with chronic periodontitis. GSH and GSSG levels were analyzed with spectrophotometry. Results The GSH levels in the plasma, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in obese individuals with chronic periodontitis were lower than in normal weight individuals at baseline ( p < 0.01). There was a significant difference in the GSH/ GSSG ratio in plasma and gingival crevicular fluid between the obese and normal weight groups at baseline ( p < 0.01). The GSH levels in plasma, gingival crevicular fluid and saliva were significantly increased in both chronic periodontitis groups after nonsurgical periodontal therapy ( p < 0.01). A significant positive correlation was found between GSH levels in saliva, plasma and gingival crevicular fluid in all groups ( p < 0.001). Conclusions The study revealed that obesity in patients with chronic periodontitis is associated with decreased GSH levels and the GSH/ GSSG ratio. Moreover, nonsurgical periodontal therapy may be helpful for improvement in glutathione values in obese and normal weight individuals with chronic periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective Smoking is an important risk factor for periodontal disease and effects the pathogenesis of the disease. This study evaluated the impact of smoking on gingival crevicular fluid interleukin-8 ( IL-8) and lipoxin A4 (LxA4) levels in patients with and without periodontal disease. Material and Methods A total of 122 participants were grouped as follows: smokers with generalized aggressive periodontitis ( S-GAgP, n = 15); smokers with chronic periodontitis ( S-CP, n = 17); smokers with gingivitis ( SG, n = 15); smokers classified as periodontally healthy ( SH, n = 15); nonsmokers with generalized aggressive periodontitis (N- GAgP, n = 15); nonsmokers with chronic periodontitis (N- CP, n = 15); nonsmokers with gingivitis (NG, n = 15); and nonsmokers classified as periodontally healthy (NH, n = 15). Gingival index, plaque index, probing pocket depth and clinical attachment level were recorded. Gingival crevicular fluid IL-8 and LxA4 levels were analyzed by ELISA. Results Gingival crevicular fluid IL-8 levels varied among groups, as follows: S-GAgP> S-CP> SG> SH and N-GAgP>N- CP>NG>NH. The gingival crevicular fluid IL-8 levels were significantly higher in the S-GAgP group compared with the N- GAgP group and in the S-CP group compared with the N- CP group ( p < 0.05); differences between the SG and NG and the SH and NH groups were not statistically significant ( p > 0.05). Gingival crevicular fluid LxA4 levels also varied among groups, but in an inverse direction when compared with the IL-8 levels, as follows: S-GAgP< S-CP< SG and N-GAgP4 levels in SH and NH groups were below the limits of detection.) The gingival crevicular fluid LxA4 levels were significantly lower in the S-GAgP group than in the N- GAgP group and in the S-CP group than in the N- CP group ( p < 0.05); differences between the SG and NG groups were not statistically significant ( p > 0.05). Conclusion The study findings suggest that the observed increases in gingival crevicular fluid IL-8 levels and decreases in gingival crevicular fluid LxA4 levels reflect changes in immune and inflammatory responses that occur as a result of smoking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective The objective of this study was to evaluate the levels of MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and interleukin-1beta ( IL-1β) in gingival crevicular fluid during the early and late stages of healing in gingival recession sites treated with coronally advanced flap plus platelet-rich fibrin ( CAF+ PRF) compared with CAF plus connective tissue graft ( CAF+ CTG). Material and Methods Twenty-four nonsmoking patients with Miller Class I or Class II localized gingival recession defects in bilateral sites received treatment with either CAF+ PRF ( PRF group) or CAF+ CTG ( CTG group). Gingival crevicular fluid samples were collected at baseline and at 10 d and 1 mo, 3 mo and 6 mo after surgery. The levels of MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and IL-1β in gingival crevicular fluid were measured using a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay and ELISAs. Results Gingival crevicular fluid levels of IL-1β were significantly elevated in the CTG group at 10 d compared with baseline ( p < 0.05). At 10 d after surgery, the levels of TIMP-1 in gingival crevicular fluid showed a significant decrease in the CTG group compared with the PRF group ( p < 0.05). The levels of IL-1β and MMP-8 in gingival crevicular fluid were significantly lower in the PRF group than in the CTG group at 10 d ( p < 0.05). No significant differences were found in all clinical and biochemical parameters at 1, 3, and 6 mo between study groups ( p > 0.05). Conclusion Root coverage with CAF+ PRF has a significant effect on increasing gingival crevicular fluid TIMP-1 levels and suppressing gingival crevicular fluid MMP-8 and IL-β levels at 10 d. Gingival crevicular fluid levels of MMP-8, MMP-9, TIMP-1 and IL-1β did not seem to be affected by the technique at later phases of wound healing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background Humic acid is a soil extract found widely around the world. This product includes some trace elements important for human's health. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the morphometric and histopathological changes associated with an experimental periodontitis model in rats in response to systemic administration of humic acid. Material and Methods Thirty-eight male Wistar rats were divided into five experimental groups: non-ligated ( NL, n = 6) group; ligature-only ( LO, n = 8) group; ligature + systemic administration of humic acid (20, 80 and 150 mg/kg body weight per day for 15 d respectively) (S-20, S-80 and S-150) groups. 4/0 silk ligatures were placed at the gingival margin of lower first molars of the mandibular quadrant. The animals were killed at the end of 15 d. Changes in alveolar bone levels were clinically measured, using a stereomicroscope (× 25), as the distance from the cementoenamel junction to the alveolar bone crest. Tissues were histopathologically examined to assess the differences of osteoclast numbers, osteoblastic activity and inflammatory cell infiltration among the study groups. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay interleukin ( IL)-1β and IL-10 levels in serum and gingival homogenates were evaluated. Results At the end of 15 d, the alveolar bone loss was significantly higher in the LO group compared to the NL, S-80 and S-150 groups ( p < 0.05). In addition, the alveolar bone loss in the S-80 group was significantly lower than the LO and S-20 groups ( p < 0.05). The osteoblastic activity in the S-80 and S-150 groups was significantly higher than the other groups ( p < 0.05). The osteoclast number in the LO group was significantly higher than the NL, S-80 and S-150 groups ( p < 0.05). Inflammatory cell infiltration was significantly higher in LO and S-20 groups than the other groups ( p < 0.05). The highest serum and gingival homogenate IL-10 levels were determined in the S-80 group ( p < 0.05). The serum and gingival homogenate IL-1β levels in the LO group were significantly higher than the other groups ( p < 0.05). Both 80 and 150 mg/kg dosages of humic acid significantly reduced the periodontitis-related bone loss and inflammation, but the differences between these two groups were not statistically significant ( p > 0.05). Conclusions Within the limits of this study, it can be suggested that humic acid, when administered systemically as an 80 mg/kg dose, may prevent alveolar bone loss and reduce inflammation in the rat model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective It has previously been shown that both cyclosporine A and tacrolimus cause gingival overgrowth in the rat. We proposed that sirolimus may play an important role in decreasing the severity of gingival overgrowth. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the gingival changes induced by immunosuppressants, in the presence and absence of sirolimus, using histopathology and stereological methods. Material and Methods Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were distributed into six treatment groups, each containing six rats, as follows: (i) cyclosporine A for 8 wk; (ii) tacrolimus for 8 wk; (iii) sirolimus for 8 wk; (iv) cyclosporine A + sirolimus for 8 wk; (v) tacrolimus + sirolimus for 8 wk; and (vi) distilled water for 8 wk. Histomorphometric analyses included measurements of epithelial thickness and connective tissue width and height. Stereological analyses included measurements of volumetric densities of fibroblasts (Vf), collagen fibers (Vcf) and blood vessels (Vbv). Results Connective tissue width and height were significantly increased in cyclosporine A, tacrolimus and cyclosporine A + sirolimus groups compared with the control group ( p < 0.05), and epithelial thickness was significantly increased in the cyclosporine A group and tacrolimus group compared with the control group ( p < 0.05). Vf was significantly increased in the cyclosporine A group and the tacrolimus group compared with the control group ( p < 0.05), whereas Vcf and Vbv were significantly increased in the cyclosporine A, tacrolimus and cyclosporine A + sirolimus groups compared with the control group ( p < 0.05). Conclusion The results of the study suggest that sirolimus seems not to be associated with gingival overgrowth, and combined usage of sirolimus and immunosuppressants decreases the severity of gingival overgrowth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective L-plastin, an actin-bundling protein, is exclusively expressed in leukocytes and plays a crucial role in immune-mediated events. Periodontitis is a common infectious inflammatory disease that destroys the tooth-supporting tissues. Recent findings using proteomic technologies have demonstrated that L-plastin is one of the few molecules consistently present in the inflammatory exudate of the gingiva in periodontal disease, but not in health. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate in detail the local and systemic role of this molecule in different forms of periodontitis. Material and Methods A total of 61 subjects who met the inclusion/exclusion criteria were recruited, including 21 with chronic periodontitis, 20 generalized aggressive periodontitis and 20 nonperiodontitis control subjects. Gingival tissue biopsies, gingival crevicular fluid, as well as serum and saliva, were obtained. Immunohistochemistry and quantitative real-time PCR were employed to evaluate the localization and m RNA expression, respectively, of L-plastin. L-plastin levels in gingival crevicular fluid, saliva and serum were measured using ELISA. Statistical analysis was performed using nonparametric methods. Results Subjects with chronic periodontitis and generalized aggressive periodontitis exhibited significantly higher tissue L-plastin gene expression and gingival crevicular fluid levels than did subjects in the control group but there was no significant difference between the two forms of periodontitis. Within gingival tissue, L-plastin was confined to the inflammatory infiltrate. There was no statistically significant difference between serum and salivary L-plastin levels among the three study groups. Conclusion The elevated gingival tissue expression and gingival crevicular fluid levels of L-plastin in both forms of periodontitis may denote the localized involvement of this novel molecule in the pathogenesis of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aimed to biochemically measure the production of nitric oxide in gingival crevicular fluid and immunohistochemically measure the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the gingiva of patients with sickle cell disease. Additionally, we aimed to obtain insight into the immunopathology of sickle cell disease by comparing inducible nitric oxide synthase levels in patients with sickle cell disease and controls using gingiva and gingival crevicular fluid. Materials and Methods: The study included 20 sickle cell disease patients and 20 healthy controls. Immunohistochemical analysis was used to measure inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in gingiva and nitric oxide levels in gingival crevicular fluid were spectrophotometrically measured. Results: Nitric oxide levels in the patients and controls did not differ significantly (21.2±4.5 and 23.1±2.3 μM L-1, respectively, p>0.05). There weren't any statistically significant differences in infiltrated inflammatory cells, density of inflammatory cells that stained with inducible nitric oxide synthase, or nitric oxide expression in gingiva between the patient and control groups (p>0.05). Conclusion: To the best of our knowledge this is the first study to examine the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in the gingiva and gingival crevicular fluid in patients with sickle cell disease. Using the gingiva and gingival crevicular fluid we were unable to observe sickle cell disease-associated inducible nitric oxide synthase expression and a difference in nitric oxide levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral Diseases (2010) , 60-67 To investigate the levels of antimicrobial peptide hCAP-18/LL-37 protein and mRNA expression in gingival tissues with different periodontal disease. Ten patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis, 10 patients with chronic periodontitis, and 10 healthy controls were included in this study. Periodontal parameters including probing depth, clinical attachment level, plaque index, and papilla bleeding index were assessed in study subjects. hCAP-18/LL-37 mRNA analysis by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry were performed in 19 samples provided enough RNA in terms of concentration and integrity. This study demonstrated that hCAP-18/LL-37 was a product of neutrophils. Tissue samples of chronic periodontitis patients had significantly higher immunostaining of hCAP-18/LL-37 on neutrophils infiltrating in both epithelium and connective tissue compared with controls. hCAP-18/LL-37 mRNA expression levels in tissue samples of chronic periodontitis patients seemed to be upregulated compared with controls. While two generalized aggressive periodontitis patients showed downregulated hCAP-18/LL-37 mRNA expression levels, one generalized aggressive periodontitis patient showed slightly increased hCAP-18/LL-37 mRNA level compared with controls. hCAP-18/LL-37 has an important role in innate response during periodontal inflammation. Local deficiency in hCAP-18/LL-37 might be a confounding effect in the pathogenesis of generalized aggressive periodontitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article reviews the evolution of the history related to an unusual type of generalized gingival swelling we first described in a single adult British patient; then recognized by us and others in small cohorts in Turkey; later found in several countries worldwide. We finally recognized it to represent the oral manifestations of plasminogen deficiency (hypoplasminogenaemia). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The aim of the present study was to investigate the total proteoglycan (PG) and chondroitin-4-sulfate (C4S) levels in gingival tissue samples obtained from patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) and chronic: periodontitis (CP) before therapy (baseline) and 1 month alter completion of non-surgical periodontal therapy. Methods: Gingival tissue samples were obtained from 10 AgP and 10 CP patients before initiation of treatment (baseline) and 1 month after non-surgical periodontal treatment. The control group comprised 10 systemically and periodontally healthy subjects. Total PG and C4S levels were determined by biochemical techniques. PG levels were analyzed using a modified Bitter and Muir method. C4S assay was carried out using chondroitin sulphate lyase AC and chondroitin-6 sulphate sulphohydrolase enzymes. The results were tested statistically using parametric tests. Results: The clinical periodontal parameters demonstrated significant decreases in the periodontitis groups (P <0.05) after treatment, and there was no significant difference between AgP and CP groups at baseline and after treatment (P >0.05). At baseline, total PG and C4S levels in both of the periodontitis groups were significantly lower than that of the control group (P-:0.05). One month after the non-surgical periodontal treatment, total PG levels in the periodontitis groups were comparable to the control group (P >0.05), whereas C4S levels in the AgP group were significantly lower than the other study groups (P <0.05). In the CP group, total PG and C4S levels increased significantly (P = 0.001 and P = 0.006, respectively) after non-surgical periodontal treatment, but they did not increase in the AgP group (P >0.05). Conclusion: The significant increases observed in total proteoglycan and chondroitin-4-sulfate levels after non-surgical periodontal treatment in the CP group but no: in the AgP group may suggest that healing patterns differ between the two periodontitis types in terms of PG and C4S composition of extracellular matrix. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hereditary gingival fibromatosis (HGF) is a rare genetic disorder featured by nonsyndromic pathological overgrowth of gingiva. The excessive gingival tissues can cause dental, masticatory, and phonetic problems, which impose severe functional and esthetic burdens on affected individuals. Due to its high recurrent rate, patients with HGF have to undergo repeated surgical procedures of gingival resection, from childhood to adulthood, which significantly compromises their quality of life. Unraveling the genetic etiology and molecular pathogenesis of HGF not only gains insight into gingival physiology and homeostasis but also opens avenues for developing potential therapeutic strategies for this disorder. Recently, mutations in REST (OMIM *600571), encoding a transcription repressor, were reported to cause HGF (GINGF5; OMIM #617626) in 3 Turkish families. However, the functions of REST in gingival homeostasis and pathogenesis of REST -associated HGF remain largely unknown. In this study, we characterized 2 HGF families and identified 2 novel REST mutations, c.2449C>T (p.Arg817*) and c.2771&#95;2793dup (p.Glu932Lysfs*3). All 5 mutations reported to date are nonsenses or frameshifts in the last exon of REST and would presumably truncate the protein. In vitro reporter gene assays demonstrated a partial or complete loss of repressor activity for these truncated RESTs. When coexpressed with the full-length protein, the truncated RESTs impaired the repressive ability of wild-type REST, suggesting a dominant negative effect. Immunofluorescent studies showed nuclear localization of overexpressed wild-type and truncated RESTs in vitro, indicating preservation of the nuclear localization signal in shortened proteins. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated a comparable pattern of ubiquitous REST expression in both epithelium and lamina propria of normal and HGF gingival tissues despite a reduced reactivity in HGF gingiva. Results of this study confirm the pathogenicity of REST truncation mutations occurring in the last exon causing HGF and suggest the pathosis is caused by an antimorphic (dominant negative) disease mechanism.

Background: Antibiotic use in research volunteers partaking in dental studies varies widely, as inclusion and exclusion criteria used in participant selection lack strict rules., Aim: We aimed to investigate the most appropriate ending time of amoxicillin therapy in healthy subjects before their recruitment and participation in oral histology trials. A cross-sectional design study was conducted in Istanbul, Turkey, between October 2018 and June 2019., Subjects and Methods: Study participants who had undergone a previous course of amoxicillin were divided into three groups according to the amount of time since their last antibiotic dose: group I, within 1 month; group II, within 4-6 months; and group III, within 7-12 months. Periodontal parameters were measured, and smear samples were obtained from buccal mucosa and keratinized gingiva. Gingival biopsies were taken from the upper premolars. Genetic damage and histopathological damage were analyzed with Feulgen reaction and with hematoxylin-eosin staining. Data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, and the Pearson Chi-square tests., Results: There were no significant differences in the periodontal parameters and sociodemographic characteristics between the groups (P > 0.05). Higher genetic and histopathological damage scores were observed in group I, which were significantly different compared to the other groups (P < 0.05). No significant differences were observed between groups II and III (P > 0.05)., Conclusions: When selecting healthy participants for oral histology trials, at least 3 months should pass after the final dose of amoxicillin is taken to avoid negative effects on gingival tissue and smear samples., Competing Interests: None

The article focuses on a study related to oral mucosal lesions in children of Turkey. The study states that 28 percent of lesions are found on tongue followed by gingiva with 21 percent and labial mucosa with 18 percent. The study highlights that the prevalence of oral disease in older children is higher than the younger children. The study concludes that the range of oral mucosal alterations diagnosed encourages dermatologist and pedodontist to investigate children's mouths.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the oral health of Turkish patients with Behçet's disease (BD) and whether it is associated with the disease course., Methods: One hundred and twenty patients with BD, 35 patients with recurrent aphthous stomatitis (RAS) and 65 healthy Turkish controls (HC) were included in the study. Oral health was investigated by indices applied in a BD out-patient clinic., Results: The mean scores of plaque, sulcus bleeding and gingival indices, probing depth and the number of extracted teeth were observed to be higher in patients with BD and RAS compared to HC (P<0.05). In the linear regression analysis, plaque index score was associated with the presence of oral ulcers and male gender. An elevated plaque index score was observed to be a significant risk factor for increased severity score in patients with BD in the logistic regression analysis (P = 0.034)., Conclusions: Oral health is impaired in BD and associated with disease severity. Improvement of the oral health of BD patients may affect their disease course, leading to a better prognosis.