43 results on '"Brown, Sally"'
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2. Seeing the Strange in the Familiar: Unpacking Racialized Practices in Early Childhood Settings
- Author
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Brown, Sally, Souto-Manning, Mariana, and Laman, Tasha Tropp
- Abstract
In this article, three educators share case studies describing racial biases and segregationist practices in early schooling. The authors draw upon critical race theory as a lens and employ critical discourse analysis to uncover classed and raced biases within and across three early childhood contexts. While the cases are situated in specific public school settings--a parent teacher association (PTA) fundraiser, a mandated literacy program, and a read-aloud--they shed light onto a variety of contexts as these are all common phenomena in many American elementary schools. Together, the cases illustrate how racism has been normalized through familiar practices in early childhood settings. Through description and reflection, the authors suggest ways to start seeing the strange in the familiar, unpacking racialized practices across three settings, and advocating new ways of thinking about these common practices leading to change and transformation. (Contains 1 figure and 1 note.)
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Benchmarking and Threshold Standards in Higher Education. Staff and Educational Development Series.
- Author
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Staff and Educational Development Association, Birmingham (England)., Smith, Helen, Armstrong, Michael, Brown, Sally, Smith, Helen, Armstrong, Michael, Brown, Sally, and Staff and Educational Development Association, Birmingham (England).
- Abstract
This book explores the issues involved in developing standards in higher education, examining the practical issues involved in benchmarking and offering a critical analysis of the problems associated with this developmental tool. The book focuses primarily on experience in the United Kingdom (UK), but looks also at international activity in this area. The 19 essays are organized in four sections: benchmarking rationales and threshold standards; operational issues; UK perspectives on the development and use of benchmarks; and international perspectives. Titles are: "Historical and Contextual Perspectives on Benchmarking in Higher Education" (Michael Armstrong); "How Can Threshold Standards Assure and Enhance Quality?" (Sally Brown); "Benchmarking Theory--A Framework for the Business World as a Context for its Application in Higher Education" (Alex Appleby); "Benchmarks and Templates--Some Notes and Queries from a Sceptic" (Sinclair Goodlad); "Describing Higher Education--Some Conflicts and Conclusions" (Jenny Moon); "Institutional Comparisons--Reality or Illusion?" (Harvey Woolf); "Benchmarking across Subjects in an Institution" (J.P. Margham and S. Jackson); "The Business Approach to Benchmarking--An Exploration of the Issues as a Background for Its Use in Higher Education" (David Yarrow); "UK Experiences in the Development of Benchmarking and Threshold Standards" (Ian Haines); "Benchmarking in Law" (John Bell); "Collaborative Accreditation--Benchmarking in a Professional and Academic Partnership To Recognize Programmes of Continuing Professional Development: A Case Study" (Sally Gosling); "Benchmarking, Assessment, and the Multidisciplinary Curriculum" (Rebecca Johnson); "Towards Multidisciplinary Benchmarking" (Stuart Billingham); "International Benchmarking--Fact or Fantasy?" (Helen Smith); "The United States' Perspective on, and Experiences of, Performance Indicators and Threshold Standards--How Is Quality Determined?" (T. Dary Erwin); "Assuring Standards in New Zealand's Universities" (David Woodhouse); "Benchmarks and Threshold Standards--A New Zealand Polytechnic's Perspective on the Approach" (Nick Zepke, Guyon Neutze, and Linda Leach); "Approaches to Degree Standards and Quality Assurance in Post-Apartheid South African Higher Education--Comparative Perspectives" (Digby Warren); and "How Can Benchmarking Work to Best Effect in Higher Education?" (Sally Brown). (Most selections contain references.) (CH)
- Published
- 1999
4. The National Curriculum and Testing: Enlightened or Imported?
- Author
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Brown, Sally
- Abstract
Examines Scotland's increasingly standardized national curriculum and testing reforms. Discusses centrally determined innovations, relationships between curriculum and assessment, reforms' effects on classroom, and teachers' role. Compares elements of encroaching "market model" reforms in England, Wales, and United States, suggesting that Scotland's more enlightened educational features should be retained. (TES)
- Published
- 1990
5. Story Nights: an apprenticeship into literacy through bilingual story reading.
- Author
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Brown, Sally
- Subjects
MEXICANS ,LIMITED English-proficient students ,BILINGUAL education ,TEACHERS ,TEACHER education ,EDUCATION - Abstract
This article documents an extended Mexican family’s social practices surrounding literacy as they engage with bilingual children’s literature in a unique context that draws from both home and school without the pressures of curriculum mandates. The research is situated within the southeastern United States where English-dominant practices permeate the school and community. Sociocultural and third space theories provide a framework for understanding the complexities surrounding language use and literacy development. Findings indicate the new space, Story Nights, provides for the development of connections to Mexican culture and a notion of community-based literacy learning. The author makes recommendations for classroom teachers, teacher education programs, and educational policy to be more inclusive of Latino/Latina English learners. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Lead in Urban Soils: A Real or Perceived Concern for Urban Agriculture?
- Author
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Brown, Sally L., Chaney, Rufus L., and Hettiarachchi, Ganga M.
- Subjects
LEAD in soils ,URBAN agriculture ,SOIL pollution ,BIOACCUMULATION ,BIOAVAILABILITY ,METROPOLITAN areas - Abstract
Urban agriculture is growing in cities across the United States. It has the potential to provide multiple benefits, including increased food security. Concerns about soil contamination in urban areas can be an impediment to urban agriculture. Lead is the most common contaminant in urban areas. In this paper, direct (soil ingestion via outdoor and indoor exposure) and indirect (consumption of food grown in Pb-contaminated soils) exposure pathways are reviewed. It is highly unlikely that urban agriculture will increase incidences of elevated blood Pb for children in urban areas. This is due to the high likelihood that agriculture will improve soils in urban areas, resulting in reduced bioavailability of soil Pb and reduced fugitive dust. Plant uptake of Pb is also typically very low. The exceptions are low-growing leafy crops where soil-splash particle contamination is more likely and expanded hypocotyl root vegetables (e.g., carrot). However, even with higher bioaccumulation factors, it is not clear that the Pb in root vegetables or any other crops will be absorbed after eating. Studies have shown limited absorption of Pb when ingested with food. Best management practices to assure minimal potential for exposure are also common practices in urban gardens. These include the use of residuals-based composts and soil amendments and attention to keeping soil out of homes. This review suggests that benefits associated with urban agriculture far outweigh any risks posed by elevated soil Pb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. An Analysis of the Discourse and Actions of Reading Conferences With English Learners: A Situated Perspective.
- Author
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Brown, Sally
- Subjects
QUALITATIVE research ,COMPREHENSION ,READING ,MONOLINGUALISM ,EUROPEAN Americans ,TEACHERS - Abstract
In this article the author shares examples of reading conferences with 10 English learners over the course of a semester. The reading conferences are conducted by four monolingual, European-American teachers at a primary school in the Southeastern United States. Sociocultural and identity theories are used as a theoretical frame for the research study. Observations of the reading conferences reveal several themes inhibiting the literacy learning of English learners: lack of self-correction opportunities, unbalanced instruction, metalanguage, text difficulty, and book levels. In addition, the conferences with English learners are compared to native-speaking students in a cross-case analysis. Transcripts illustrate the complex factors affecting the learning and identity formation process for English learners. The author offers suggestions for reframing reading conferences with English learners. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Becoming Literate: Looking Across Curricular Structures at Situated Identities.
- Author
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Brown, Sally
- Subjects
- *
EDUCATION & globalization , *DIVERSITY in education , *EARLY childhood education , *LIMITED English-proficient students , *EDUCATION & society , *UNITED States education system - Abstract
The United States is becoming more multilingual with globalization. Public schools continue to enroll increasing numbers of students who speak a language other than English. This adds to the rich diversity of classrooms while at the same time offers challenges for educators. This collaborative-ethnographic style research study investigates the ways in which identities are constructed for and by an English language learner (ELL) as she uses language at school. The author explores classroom reading events and the ways one ELL negotiates these events with her peers in an English dominant classroom. Results reveal the fluidity of identities across classroom curricular structures at school. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. "Culture Is the Way They Live Here": Young Latin@s and Parents Navigate Linguistic and Cultural Borderlands in U.S. Schools.
- Author
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Brown, Sally and Souto-Manning, Mariana
- Subjects
- *
HISPANIC American students , *BILINGUALISM , *MULTICULTURALISM , *AMERICANISMS - Abstract
Throughout the United States, deficit perspectives contribute to Latino students' failure in terms of school success. This happens because many educators still regard bilingualism as a deficit. We examined the discourse of one family to better understand how deficit, assimilationist discourse affected them and their two children. We came to understand that, influenced by deficit messages, parents celebrated accelerated English acquisition. Implications for teachers include the recognition and support of linguistic and cultural diversity in the classroom. We suggest a sociocultural perspective that embraces the culture and humanity of every student and helps support the maintenance of multiple cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2008
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Expanding Volunteer Vacation Participation An Exploratory Study on the Mini-Mission Concept.
- Author
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Brown, Sally and Morrison, Alastair M.
- Subjects
TOURISM ,VOLUNTEER tourism ,VACATIONS ,BABY boom generation ,SOCIAL services ,EDUCATIONAL programs ,MEDICAL assistance - Abstract
There has been a considerable growth in the volunteer vacation concept in the U.S. since around the mid-1980s. The increased demand has been attributed to an increased sense of global awareness among the Baby Boom generation, along with a growing willingness to make a contribution to other societies while on vacation. This study consisted of two parts, the first of which was an identification and description of some of the major organizations in the U.S. providing volunteer vacation opportunities. Next the concept of the mini-mission or `mission lite' was described as a potential means for tour operators to build volunteering into itineraries. An exploratory study was conducted to determine the potential demand for the mission lite concept, which could be instrumental in significantly expanding participation in volunteer vacations in the future. A survey was conducted among a sample of members of the Ambassadair Travel Club, the largest organization of its type in the U.S. The study's results indicated considerable potential demand for adding a volunteer component as part of the overall vacation experience. The activities in which the respondents had the greatest interest in participating on volunteer vacations were arts and crafts, chaperoning orphans, educational activities, building projects, physical fitness activities, and medical assistance. There appeared to be certain characteristics of those who are likely to be more interested in volunteer vacation participation. These included people who volunteer in theft home communities, and those with higher levels of education, especially postgraduate degrees. Additionally, those who vacation more frequently and with higher household incomes may be more likely to participate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Collaborative Inquiry: The Quest To Improve Classroom Instruction.
- Author
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Brown, Sally and Sharkey, Nan
- Subjects
- *
ACTION research in education , *COLLABORATIVE learning , *CLASSROOM environment , *ENGLISH language education in elementary schools , *PHONICS , *ORTHOGRAPHY & spelling , *CURRICULUM change - Abstract
The article presents a collaborative action research project between a classroom researcher and a university researcher, designed for 7- and 8-year-old second graders in the U.S. to improve English teaching and learning especially with English language learners. The researchers videotaped and audio-recorded classroom events related to literacy development and identified existing curricular structures. The district-mandated phonics/spelling program, data examples from two Latino English language learners, and instructional changes are also analyzed.
- Published
- 2009
12. The ABCs of PBMs.
- Author
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Brown, Sally Sue
- Subjects
- *
PHARMACEUTICAL policy , *DRUGS , *DRUGSTORES , *EXECUTIVES - Abstract
Discusses the role of private pharmacy benefit manager to reduce drug costs in the U.S. Information on ways in which pharmacy benefit managers can make money; Criticisms against pharmacy benefit manager; Factors to consider by states when contracting with pharmacy benefit managers.
- Published
- 2003
13. State Trends.
- Author
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Voit, Bill, Brown, Sally Sue, Postlewaite, Charlotte C., and Richards, Scott
- Subjects
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STATE governments , *TAX laws , *DRUG laws , *PHARMACEUTICAL policy , *DISTANCE education - Abstract
Presents issues concerning state governments in the U.S. as of September 2003. Opposition of states to proposed changes to the federal tax code; Revision of Maine's prescription drug laws; Proliferation of virtual education in Florida.
- Published
- 2003
14. COMPOST AND MULCH AID DROUGHT SURVIVAL.
- Author
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Brown, Sally
- Subjects
- *
WATER supply management , *WATER conservation , *COMPOST & the environment , *ORGANIC wastes as fertilizer , *ORGANIC wastes as soil amendments , *SOIL management , *CROPS , *DROUGHT tolerance , *SEWAGE sludge as fertilizer - Abstract
The article offers information on using compost and organics as water conservation and soil improvement practices for agricultural purposes in the U.S. Topics discussed include impact of climatic changes to water scarcity, role of composting in water management, and water resources management. Also mentioned are role of organics in improving water-soil interactions, using biosolids as a fertilizer, and drought survival practices. INSET: RECYCLING EVERY DROP OF ORGANICS.
- Published
- 2014
15. WASTEWATER TREATMENT FACILITIES AS RENEWABLE RESOURCE CENTERS.
- Author
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Brown, Sally
- Subjects
- *
SEWAGE disposal plant design & construction , *SUSTAINABLE design , *PUBLIC health , *WATERBORNE infection , *WATER purification , *WATER pollution prevention , *PREVENTION , *LAW - Abstract
The article reports on the transformation of wastewater treatment facilities into renewable resource centers in the U.S. in 2012. It says that the development is a great achievement, particularly when it comes to the protection of the public from waterborne diseases. It notes that the improvement is associated to the introduction of stricter rules by the government such as the Clean Water Act in the 1970s.
- Published
- 2012
16. TRENDS IN CLASS A BIOSOLIDS PRODUCTION.
- Author
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Brown, Sally
- Subjects
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SEWAGE disposal plants , *SEWAGE sludge , *WASTE recycling , *COST control , *CITIES & towns , *MARKETS - Abstract
Part II. Discusses trends in Class A biosolids production. Techniques reported by municipal wastewater treatment plants across the United States for creating a consumer friendly product that brings cost savings and pathogen reduction; Importance of reducing transportation costs associated with beneficial use of the biosolids without increasing processing costs; Production of Class A cake as an initial step towards developing local markets.
- Published
- 2005
17. BIOSOLIDS AND GLOBAL WARMING: EVALUATING THE MANAGEMENT IMPACTS.
- Author
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Brown, Sally and Leonard, Peggy
- Subjects
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GLOBAL warming , *GLOBAL temperature changes , *GREENHOUSE effect , *CARBON , *GREENHOUSE gases - Abstract
Evaluates the impact of biosolids and global warming management program based on a case study of King County, Washington. Details on the cause of global warming; Effects of biosolids and carbon balance in the environment; Determination on the amount of greenhouse gases that would be generated by landfillled biosolids and its entry into the atmosphere.
- Published
- 2004
18. ASSESSING IMPACT TO WILDLIFE AT BIOSOLIDS REMEDIATED SITES.
- Author
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Brown, Sally, Chaney, Rufus L., Sprenger, Mark, and Compton, Harry
- Subjects
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SOIL remediation , *BIOTIC communities , *RISK assessment , *EARTHWORMS , *LEAD in soils - Abstract
Part II. Reports on the results of a risk assessment of the ecosystem impacts from using biosolids and alkaline by-products to remediate contaminated soils in the U.S. as of August 2002. Facts on the concentration of metals in earthworms; Analysis on the survivability of earthworms in amended soils; Calculation in determining the lead content of soils. INSET: DETERMINING ACCUMULATION OF CADMIUM IN EARTHWORMS.
- Published
- 2002
19. SOIL REMEDIATION USING BIOSOLIDS.
- Author
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Brown, Sally, Chaney, Rufus L., Sprenger, Mark, and Compton, Harry
- Subjects
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HAZARDOUS waste site remediation , *WASTE products , *SOIL pollution - Abstract
Part I. Discusses the results of a risk assessment undertaken to see what available data indicate about hazard remediation by use of biosolids plus alkaline by-products to revegetate mine wastes and contaminated soils in Jasper County, Missouri. Approaches to remediation of sites; Pathways that zinc, lead and cadmium might cause damage to an ecosystem; Problem with the application of very high rates of clean material over the surface of contaminated soils.
- Published
- 2002
20. Restoring a Superfund site with biosolids and fly ash.
- Author
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Henry, Charles and Brown, Sally
- Subjects
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SOIL remediation , *HAZARDOUS waste site remediation - Abstract
Focuses on the launch of a soil restoration program for the Bunker Hill Superfund site in Idaho's Coeur d'Alene River Basin. Use of biosolids and fly ash for remediating phytotoxic soils contaminated by zinc and lead smelting operation; Goal of the ecological restoration program; Comparison of metal concentrations in soils at the Bunker Hill site.
- Published
- 1997
21. Moving Forward: Writing with Young English Learners.
- Author
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Brown, Sally
- Subjects
TEACHERS ,CURRICULUM ,ENGLISH language education ,CULTURE ,WRITING - Abstract
The article discusses the move by first- and second-grade teachers in the U.S. to revise their curriculum to meet the requirements of English learners from homes where such languages as Spanish, Portuguese and Tagalog are spoken. It presents several ways in which the teachers can accomplish the goal by basing on the students' cultures and strengths. The suggestions include the use of artifacts from home as writing resources, including the first and second languages into the writing process and employing culturally relevant integrated projects.
- Published
- 2011
22. NUMBERS GUIDE.
- Author
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Brown, Sally
- Subjects
- *
BIODEGRADATION , *RAW materials , *PUBLIC opinion , *WASTE management , *MASS media , *MANAGEMENT - Abstract
The article offers insights on the use and significance of connections in biodegradation in the U.S. Topics discussed include the public information for biodegradation, the management of organics, the analysis on the process of composting, the use of common sense in this analysis, and the reliability of news about waste management.
- Published
- 2017
23. From mansion to student center: New use for grand old lady.
- Author
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Brown, Sally
- Subjects
- VIRGINIA, RICHMOND (Va.), UNITED States, UNIVERSITY of Richmond
- Abstract
Presents information on the conversion of an old mansion into the Jepson alumni center at the University of Richmond, Virginia. Details on what was done to the mansion; Identification of the architectural firm; Reference to William Lawrence, the original architect of the mansion.
- Published
- 1997
24. Connections.
- Author
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Brown, Sally
- Subjects
- *
GLEANING , *AGRICULTURAL productivity & the environment , *PRODUCT quality , *CARE of fruit trees - Abstract
The article presents the author's view about the gleaning program where refer to the gathering of grain in a field after harvest by the gleaners or the farmers in the U.S. It highlights the benefits of gleaning such as to avoid food waste and produce high quality fruits and agricultural products. It also cites the effort of the government to provide fruit trees across the country.
- Published
- 2016
25. WATER JOBS.
- Author
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Brown, Sally
- Subjects
- *
WATER use , *ELECTRICITY , *STORMS , *DETECTORS , *WATER distribution - Abstract
In this article, the author talks about job opportunities for young people in the U.S. who have concern for the environment. Topics discussed include water infrastructure in the U.S., a study of electricity use related to water in the Western States, and increase in frequency of high intensity storms in New England, and a career of figuring out how to apply new technologies such as sensors, and computer technology to identify leaks and optimize water distribution and collection.
- Published
- 2015
26. A BETTER WARM.
- Author
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Brown, Sally
- Subjects
- *
WASTE management , *FOOD waste prevention , *GREENHOUSE gases , *GOVERNMENT policy , *LANDFILLS , *BANANAS - Abstract
The article discusses the WARM (Waste Reduction Model) created by U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) to facilitate tracking and reporting of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by solid waste planners and organizations. The author focuses on version 13 of the WARM model and discusses the revisions made. Topics include energy wastage in food wastage, emissions associated with common breakfast food items like bananas, food decay rates, gas collection efficiency and food waste in landfills.
- Published
- 2014
27. NAVIGATING CLEAN WATER RULES.
- Author
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Brown, Sally
- Subjects
- *
BODIES of water laws , *ENVIRONMENTAL law , *LAKE restoration laws , *URBANIZATION ,CLEAN Water Act of 1972 (U.S.) - Abstract
The article offers the author's insights regarding the effectiveness of implementation of the Clean Water Act of 1972 in the U.S. Topics discussed include the impact of the rule for making water formations such as lakes and rivers cleaner, political aspects of the above mentioned legislation, and the critical importance of environmental regulation for urban development.
- Published
- 2014
28. Connections.
- Author
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Brown, Sally
- Subjects
- *
ELECTRICITY & the environment , *SOLAR energy & the environment , *WATER harvesting , *COMPOSTING , *IRRIGATION , *GOVERNMENT policy , *LAW - Abstract
The article discusses regarding the efficient use of energy, water and organics in Colorado state. Topics discussed include the use of solar power in the state which only two percent, the collection of rainwater for use in irrigation or toilets is illegal and the encouragement of composting in Fort Collins. Also mentions the non composting of yard trimmings and food waste in Fort Collins.
- Published
- 2014
29. LOCAL SOIL.
- Author
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Brown, Sally
- Subjects
- *
FOOD Pyramid , *LOCAVORES , *COMMUNITY-supported agriculture , *FRUIT , *VEGETABLES , *SUPERMARKETS - Abstract
The article reports that the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), federal executive department, issues an improved version of food pyramid in the U.S. It informs about a vocabulary which emerged for better eating including locavore, community supported agriculture (CSAs) and regional food systems. It further highlights that CSAs provide varied menu of fruits and vegetables than people shopped at the supermarket.
- Published
- 2013
30. Climate Change Connections.
- Author
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Brown, Sally
- Subjects
- *
CLIMATE change , *ENVIRONMENTAL protection , *GREEN technology - Abstract
The article focuses on the topic of climate change. It notes that in the meeting of the National Academy of Sciences (NAS) in the U.S., scientists are making a major effort to fight climate change by planning to develop and implement new technologies that can help minimize the impact related to climate change. The author adds that it is important for U.S. officials to recognize that fighting climate change is a viable thing to do.
- Published
- 2011
31. Climate Change Connections.
- Author
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Brown, Sally
- Subjects
- *
WASTE recycling , *COMPOSTING , *SOIL classification , *PERSONAL beauty , *COSMETICS , *WASTE management - Abstract
The article offers the author's view on the relevance between beauty products and compost in the U.S. She explains the purpose of using beauty products to make the skin look naturally and healthy, in consideration to the type of product that would complement the skin. She cites the application of compost to different types of soil, commenting that the compost reacts to the kind of soil the same way as the skin could react to the kind of beauty products.
- Published
- 2010
32. Climate Change Connections.
- Author
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Brown, Sally
- Subjects
- *
WASTE minimization , *CONSERVATION of natural resources , *ECOLOGICAL impact , *CLIMATE change prevention , *GREENHOUSE gases & the environment - Abstract
The article discusses the measures to use waste to reduce ecological impact and climate change. It is stated that to reduce the greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, waste disposal industries should be replaced with resource conservation industries. It notes that fixed nitrogen, phosphorus and fixed carbon should be conserved to reduce carbon footprint. It also mentions the report of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, which divides GHG emissions based on land management practices.
- Published
- 2009
33. SUDDENLY GREENHOUSE GAS REGULATIONS.
- Author
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Brown, Sally
- Subjects
- *
GOVERNMENT policy , *GREENHOUSE gas mitigation , *METHANE & the environment , *CARBON in soils , *DATA analysis , *ANAEROBIC bacteria - Abstract
The article discusses greenhouse gas regulatory initiatives within the U.S. These include the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) GHG reporting requirements, a draft issued from the California Climate Action Registry (CCAR) for avoiding methane emissions from anaerobic digestion, and a draft issued by the EPA Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response (OSWER) concerning soil carbon at ecological restoration sites. The author examines the EPA's efforts to collect and analyze data.
- Published
- 2009
34. Climate Change Connections.
- Author
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Brown, Sally
- Subjects
- *
CLIMATOLOGY , *SUPPLY & demand , *PETROLEUM product sales & prices , *WATER supply management - Abstract
The author reflects on the necessity for people to take local action in order to prevent climate apocalypse. She discusses the ways in which the world is changing including higher demands for water and lower supplies of water in southwestern U.S., hunger strikes around the world, and rising fuel prices. Also examined is the reduced demand for automobile fuel.
- Published
- 2008
35. HERE WE ARE.
- Author
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Brown, Sally
- Subjects
- *
CLIMATE change , *HURRICANE Irene, 2011 , *HURRICANE Sandy, 2012 , *VACATIONS , *EMERGENCY management - Abstract
In this article, the author reflects on her face to face with the realization of climate change. She mentions that her first direct contact with climate change was when she was on vacation in 2011 which ended with the arrival of Hurricane Irene and the next experience was when she was in her friend's house in October 2012 at the time Hurricane Sandy hit the U.S. She suggests people to make better use of time and being familiar with education and resources to combat climate change.
- Published
- 2012
36. Connections.
- Author
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Brown, Sally
- Subjects
- *
SUSTAINABLE development , *INFRASTRUCTURE (Economics) , *AIR quality , *WALKING - Abstract
The article offers the author's insights on the incorporation of green infrastructure in urban areas as a way of public health benefits relative to increased exposure to the natural ecosystems. The author cites the air quality in Mexico City, in which the Mexican government restrained the use of reformulated gas for less pollution. The author also mentions the walkability, which replaces the three car garage in the U.S.
- Published
- 2012
37. TEACH THEM AND THEY WILL COME.
- Author
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Brown, Sally
- Subjects
- *
URBAN gardens , *AGRICULTURAL sociology , *EMISSIONS (Air pollution) , *FARM produce transportation - Abstract
This article discusses the growing paradigm of urban gardens in the U.S. Local farming provides a wide range of benefits, including better nutritional value, lower transportation costs, and lower carbon emissions than industrial agriculture. While there are not many readily accessible sources of information for urban soil types, compost or other organic soil amendments may be added to facilitate growth.
- Published
- 2009
38. PROP UP THE NEW.
- Author
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Brown, Sally
- Subjects
- *
ENVIRONMENTAL activism , *ENVIRONMENTAL education , *PRESIDENTIAL elections -- Social aspects , *SOLID waste - Abstract
An opinion piece is presented wherein the author urges that the U.S. government needs to aggressively bolster environmental stewardship through direct action and public education programs. The election of President Barack Obama and the recessed state of the national economy are referenced as indications that it is the right time to pursue this change. The potential economic benefits of reducing solid waste production are examined.
- Published
- 2009
39. CHANGE.
- Author
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Brown, Sally
- Subjects
- *
PREVENTION of global warming , *REFUSE disposal facilities & the environment , *EXURBAN regions , *SERVICE stations & the environment - Abstract
This article discusses the potential adaptation of the the U.S. to lifestyle changes that will be necessary to control global warming. The potential for reorienting landfills to produce more compost and reduce waste streams and the greenhouse gas production associated with them is presented as one relatively simple example. The contrast between the relative ease of repurposing landfills and the difficulty of dealing with emissions from exurban housing or gas stations is noted.
- Published
- 2008
40. Climate Change Connections.
- Author
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Brown, Sally
- Subjects
- *
ENVIRONMENTAL auditing , *CARBON credits , *CARBON offsetting , *GOVERNMENT policy , *GREENHOUSE gases , *FORESTS & forestry , *ENVIRONMENTAL protection , *REFORESTATION - Abstract
The article presents the author's view concerning the issue of carbon accounting and credit process in soils and plants in the U.S. She asserts that the forest is a significant factor for sequestering greenhouse gases (GHG). However, she stresses that she was disappointed about the accounting system for the carbon forestation protocol of some states. She encourages that an individual who wants to do something to help the environment must directly be involved with himself or his municipality. She denotes that being part of developing a carbon credit process will put a person to better understand the outcomes and tools in the said process.
- Published
- 2007
41. Reducing Children's Risk from LEAD in SOIL.
- Author
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Ryan, James A., Scheckel, Kirk G., Berti, William R., Brown, Sally L., Casteel, Stan W., Chaney, Rufus L., Hallfrisch, Judith, Doolan, Mark, Grevatt, Peter, Maddaloni, Mark, and Mosby, Dave
- Subjects
- *
LEAD poisoning in children , *LEAD in the body , *LEAD toxicology , *COGNITION in children , *ENVIRONMENTAL protection - Abstract
This article provides information on efforts taken by the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) to reduce children's risk from lead in soil. Lead poisoning is the most common and serious environmental disease affecting young children, according to the CDC. During the past 25 years, researchers have gathered extensive information that verifies the adverse effects of elevated levels of lead in the blood on cognitive development. CDC recognized this research and lowered the definition of elevated blood lead level for children under age 6 from 25 to 10 micrograms lead per deciliter.
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Assessing and managing SARS-CoV-2 occupational health risk to workers handling residuals and biosolids.
- Author
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Brisolara KF, Maal-Bared R, Sobsey MD, Reimers RS, Rubin A, Bastian RK, Gerba C, Smith JE, Bibby K, Kester G, and Brown S
- Subjects
- Biosolids, Humans, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, United States, COVID-19, Occupational Health
- Abstract
Current wastewater worker guidance from the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) aligns with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) recommendations and states that no additional specific protections against SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19 infections, are recommended for employees involved in wastewater management operations with residuals, sludge, and biosolids at water resource recovery facilities. The USEPA guidance references a document from 2002 that summarizes practices required for protection of workers handling class B biosolids to minimize exposure to pathogens including viruses. While there is no documented evidence that residuals or biosolids of any treatment level contain infectious SARS-CoV-2 or are a source of transmission of this current pandemic strain of coronavirus, this review summarizes and examines whether the provided federal guidance is sufficient to protect workers in view of currently available data on SARS-CoV-2 persistence and transmission. No currently available epidemiological data establishes a direct link between wastewater sludge or biosolids and risk of infection from the SARS-CoV-2. Despite shedding of the RNA of the virus in feces, there is no evidence supporting the presence or transmission of infectious SARS-CoV-2 through the wastewater system or in biosolids. In addition, this review presents previous epidemiologic data related to other non-enveloped viruses. Overall, the risk for exposure to SARS-CoV-2, or any pathogen, decreases with increasing treatment measures. As a result, the highest risk of exposure is related to spreading and handling untreated feces or stool, followed by untreated municipal sludge, the class B biosolids, while lowest risk is associated with spreading or handling Class A biosolids. This review reinforces federal recommendations and the importance of vigilance in applying occupational risk mitigation measures to protect public and occupational health., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. An inter-laboratory study to test the ability of amendments to reduce the availability of Cd, Pb, and Zn in situ.
- Author
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Brown S, Christensen B, Lombi E, McLaughlin M, McGrath S, Colpaert J, and Vangronsveld J
- Subjects
- Biodegradation, Environmental, Cadmium, Calcium Carbonate, Geologic Sediments, International Cooperation, Lead, Phosphorus, Sewage, Soil Microbiology, Toxicity Tests, United States, Zinc, Industrial Waste, Metals, Heavy, Mining, Plant Development, Soil Pollutants
- Abstract
An international inter-laboratory research program investigated the effectiveness of in situ remediation of soils contaminated by cadmium, lead and zinc, measuring changes in soil and soil solution chemistry, plants and soil microbiota. A common soil, from mine wastes in Jasper County MO, was used. The soil was pH 5.9, had low organic matter (1.2 g kg(-1) C) and total Cd, Pb, and Zn concentrations of 92, 5022, and 18 532 mg kg(-1), respectively. Amendments included lime, phosphorus (P), red mud (RM), cyclonic ashes (CA), biosolids (BIO), and water treatment residuals (WTR). Both soil solution and NH4NO3 extractable metals were decreased by all treatments. Phytotoxicity of metals was reduced, with plants grown in P treatments having the highest yields and lowest metal concentration (0.5, 7.2 and 406 mg kg(-1) Cd, Pb, and Zn). Response of soil micro-organisms was similar to plant responses. Phosphorus addition reduced the physiologically based extraction test Pb from 84% of total Pb extracted in the untreated soil to 34.1%.
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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