Search

Dieser Beitrag befasst sich mit der Einsatzbereitschaft der Bundeswehr, sich an Auslandseinsätzen im gesamten Konfliktspektrum beteiligen zu können. Vor dem Hintergrund der „Zeitenwende" werden drei Konflikte unterschiedlicher Intensität in der Ukraine, Afghanistan und Mali untersucht. Er bewertet sodann das Leistungspotenzial der Bundeswehr und gibt Empfehlungen für den Fähigkeitenaufbau: Neben der Modernisierung des Panzer- und Artilleriedispositivs fehlen vor allem Drohnen zur Fernaufklärung und als verharrende Waffen sowie eine wirksame Luftunterstützung – die jedoch in zwischenstaatlichen Konflikten hoher Intensität nur eingeschränkt einsetzbar sein wird. This contribution looks at the readiness of the Bundeswehr to contribute to external deployments in the full spectrum of conflict. Against the backdrop of the "Zeitenwende" three conflicts of differing intensity are analyzed. It then assesses the potential performance of the Bundeswehr and gives recommendations for the improvement of capabilities: Apart from the modernization of the tank and artillery weapon, what is lacking are drones for long-range reconnaissance and as loitering munitions, as well as effective air support – that will, however, only have limited use in interstate high intensity conflicts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The following case study clarifies how these three different functions of mission are discursively entangled with one another. Mission as a bridge-builder (between people, cultures, and religions of different origin), as a traitor (cooperating with corrupt colonial and imperial powers), and as a victim (finding misery and death on the mission field). Each of these three terms (bridge-builder, traitor, victim) is, to an extent, applicable to the events that took place during the night of 19–20 October 1896 in Akeri on the slopes of Mount Meru (former German East Africa, today Tanzania). Using the concept of entanglement history, I will analyze the death of two young German missionaries of the Lutheran Leipzig Mission, "caught in the crossfire" between the African community to be outreached and the German colonial military. We will see how various symbolic systems collide in the year 1896 at Akeri. The systems are represented by: (1) German Lutheran missions activities; (2) A German colonial and military expedition; and (3) The resistance of African Maasai societies' leadership. "Akeri 1896" (I will continue to refer to this event specifically as "Akeri 1896" throughout the article) had become in the following 100 years a complex entanglement of metaphoric meanings. The same event can be a placeholder for victory, for defeat, for disaster, for martyrdom, for Christ-centredness (of the missionaries in their own perception), as well as for evil-centredness (the Africans in their perception of the Western foreigners). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the character and development of the Swedish Brigade, a small military volunteer unit in the Finnish Civil War of 1918, in the context of the European counter-revolution. Volunteers in the various civil wars following the Russian Revolution have been studied extensively before, but have largely focused on countries that participated in the First World War. This case study of the 'White' Swedish Brigade aims to highlight the importance of volunteers from neutral countries, and their specific role in the transnational counter-revolutionary movement. The Brigade was an ostensibly politically neutral unit, with a socially heterogeneous make-up. Heavily supported by the Swedish right-wing media, it was widely romanticized as a heroic effort to restore Sweden's honour by supporting the Finnish fight against the old Russian enemy, and defending the former Swedish province as a bulwark of Swedish culture, law and order against barbarism. While its political culture was steeped in a romanticized Finno-Swedish history and culture, shared by many of the volunteers, the brigadiers were quickly confronted by the realities of poor equipment and organization, political division, and above all an exceptionally brutal civil war and the morally degrading violence it entailed. Brigade archive documents and memoirs show that this quickly changed the character of the actual volunteer unit to contrast heavily with the right-wing press's romantic imagination. Additionally, through contacts with the Finnish and German military, and in the face of a Left Swedish critique of the Brigade as reactionary butchers, many of the volunteers reconceptualized their role in the civil war, not as one of heroic and historical significance for Sweden, but as part of a vicious European struggle against Bolshevism. This seems to some extent confirmed by their post-war history, which raises interesting questions about these volunteers' roles among the new Right of interwar Europe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Neuphilologische Mitteilungen is the property of Modern Language Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The implementation of the European Food Regulation in the German military started in 2003 and was fully implemented in 2006. In addition, in 2003 the German military introduced the concept of using convenience-based foods targeted to improve the safety of food served to the troops. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of these changes on food safety and the occurrence of food-borne disease outbreaks in the German military. For this purpose, data from a total of 517 food-borne outbreaks that occurred between 1995 and 2019 in the responsible areas of the German military both within the country and abroad were subjected to a retrospective analysis. As a result, a significant decrease (p = 2.47 × 10−5) in the number of the food-borne outbreak was observed in the second observation period (2003–2019) compared to the first period (1995–2002). Food groups often found contaminated with pathogens were desserts and prepared dishes (first period), fresh produce, soups, and sauces (second period). Bacillus cereus, Enterobacteriaceae, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus aureus were dominant pathogens isolated from suspected foods during disease outbreaks in both periods, however, the absolute number of isolates reduced significantly in the second period. Therefore it can be concluded that the implementation of European food hygiene regulations together with the introduction of convenience-based foods had a significant positive impact on food safety in the German military.

Female intelligence refers to a gender-sensitive perspective in collection planning that not only recognizes women as targets of collection but also considers females as operatives. These considerations become especially relevant in paternalistic cultural contexts, such as Afghanistan. Potential obstacles (e.g., myths) for female intelligence as well as past attempts at implementation (e.g., female engagement teams) are reviewed, before four areas of concern are identified that must be addressed in the future. The analysis is expanded by presenting survey and interview data from a sample of Bundeswehr operatives with human intelligence experience in paternalistic countries. We suggest how to address existing concerns and increase the actionability of field human intelligence units by incorporating females as valuable assets on both sides of the military intelligence collection process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Johnson begins with the crisis year 1918-1919 when a defeated Germany faced Bolshevik Russia in the east. Johnson argues, surely rightly, that historians have underestimated the importance of earlier collaboration with Germany in explaining who was targeted by the Stalin purges. Johnson, Ian Ona Faustian Bargain: The Soviet-German Partnership and the Origins of the Second World War, Oxford University Press: New York, NY, and Oxford, 2021; xvii + 350 pp.: 9780190675141, $29.95 hardback So much has been written about the origins, significance and consequences of the pact made between the Soviet Union and Germany in August 1939 that it is a bold historian who claims to have found anything left to say. [Extracted from the article]

In the book "The Bundeswehr: From its founding to the turning point", Wilfried von Bredow describes the journey of the Bundeswehr from its founding to the present. He emphasizes the importance of integrating the armed forces into society as a whole and their anchoring in multinational alliance structures. The author also describes the challenges that the Bundeswehr had to face in various phases of its development, such as the integration of the remnants of the National People's Army (NVA) of the German Democratic Republic (DDR) and the transformation from a defense and deterrent force to a "force in action". However, von Bredow criticizes the excessive bureaucracy as the main problem of the Bundeswehr. The book provides a comprehensive insight into the history and development of the Bundeswehr and includes important documents as well as further literature. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The German Bundeswehr, like other NATO forces, seeks to recruit more women in order to improve its gender balance and to meet its personnel needs. However, previous research on military recruitment has paid little attention to women. Given that the (German) military is still a male-dominated organization, we argue that women's opinion regarding the realization of gender equality in the military may very well be the Achilles heel of recruiting women. Based on the assumption that women value gender equality in the work environment, we test the hypothesis that women are more attracted to the military as a (potential) employer, the more they think the military has achieved gender equality. A multivariate analysis of nationally representative survey data from Germany from 2019 provides empirical evidence to support this hypothesis. Practical and theoretical implications are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "What is rarely in focus: Thoughts on the Second World War" by Wolfram Wallraf raises questions that are often neglected in the public memory of the Second World War. It argues that the war was not only a European conflict, but also had implications for East Asia, particularly China. China lost millions of soldiers and civilians and played a significant role in the defeat of the Axis powers. The article also examines the motives and relationships of the Axis powers Germany, Italy, and Japan, as well as the stance of the Western Allies towards the Soviet Union and Germany. The article describes the reactions of France and Great Britain to Germany's invasion of Poland and its impact on the Polish people. It is mentioned that the United States supported the Soviet Union with military supplies to tie down German military power in the East. The two-front war was delayed until the Soviet army successfully advanced in the East and the Allied landing in Normandy took place. The article also compares the leadership styles of Hitler and Stalin and describes their foreign policy goals. Finally, the conclusion of the Second World War is described, in which Japan unconditionally surrendered. [Extracted from the article]

The article "Czech Republic and the War against Ukraine" describes the Russian aggression against Ukraine and its impact on the relationship between the Czech Republic and Russia. The author emphasizes that Russia has violated international norms with its actions and that Putin is willing to cross almost any civilizational boundary. The claim that the West promised in 1990 that NATO would not expand to the East is seen as strange from the Czech perspective. The relationship between the Czech Republic and Russia has deteriorated due to Russian historical revisionism and the rehabilitation of Stalin. The political relations between the two countries are described, with some Czech politicians expressing sympathy for Putin. However, economic relations have halved since the annexation of Crimea. The Czech government now supports Ukraine and seeks dialogue with Russia, while the population sees Russia as guilty. The Czech Republic rejects a German military leadership role and calls on Germany to provide heavy weapons to Ukraine to defend its sovereignty. [Extracted from the article]

Apart from million fold death and suffering, the battle of Stalingrad is also a testament to the failure of the military elite who did not oppose the criminal Nazi regime even when its unscrupulous actions were directed against subordinate soldiers and their own person. This happened upon the Volga not for the first and by far not the last time. On the contrary, Stalingrad was to become the writing on the wall for a German warfare that increasingly lacked military sensibility and ideological alternatives. In this respect, it is not completely without justification that today the historical place is generally regarded as a code for the turn of World War II in the European theatre. The efficacy of the Battle of Stalingrad in the German culture of remembrance has various causes. The course of military events was just one of them. In particular, because the German military planning and conduct of operations needs to be viewed with scepticism, the staging of the collapse of the 6th Army became all the more important. From the very beginning, "Stalingrad" was more of a "felt" turn of the war than an actual one. This was another reason why the perishing of an entire German army put the Nazi regime under pressure for an explanation which they wanted to solve primarily with pathos. The heroisation of "fighting to the last" worked surprisingly well until 1945 and was reflected in the Germans persevering until the end of the war despite the increasingly obvious defeat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Área Abierta is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Europarecht (05312485) is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

David A. Harrisville: The Virtuous Wehrmacht: Crafting the Myth of the German Soldier on the Eastern Front, 1941-1944 The Virtuous Wehrmacht: Crafting the Myth of the German Soldier on the Eastern Front, 1941-1944. Harrisville does more than just illuminate the views of ordinary soldiers on the Eastern Front. [Extracted from the article]

In this paper, we estimate the effects of mandatory military and alternative community service by exploiting the post‐cold war decrease in the need for soldiers causing a substantial number of potential conscripts not to be drafted into the German military. The study is based on retrospective survey information for 655 men from the 1970 to 1984 birth cohorts collected in 2009/10 and after, using previously unavailable information on degree of fitness in the military's medical exam as a control variable. We test for the effects of mandatory service on wages, employment, volunteer work, marriage/partnership status, and satisfaction with various aspects of life. Whilst many estimates are not statistically significant, for the younger birth cohorts 1976 to 1984, we find some evidence of a lower hourly wage due to mandatory military service, which shows a negative point estimate of −15% with a large confidence interval of between −30 and −0.2%. This interval estimate is consistent with previous findings for the United States, Denmark, and the Netherlands. However, we also find statistically significant estimates for both military and alternative community service to increase participation in volunteer work, a hitherto rarely explored effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The activity of the German Military Mission in Romania in 1940 consisted mainly of training the Romanian armed forces in accordance with the new techniques of war. The efficiency of this military mission was strongly reflected among the Romanian armed forces from the perspective of the Romanian soldier’s training and morale. These defining aspects are addressed in the present article, using the method of historiographical investigation and comparative analysis. The objective historical analysis of Romanian-German relations during the German Military Mission in Romania highlights a legal issue, because between the two countries there were no alliance treaties or military conventions as the legal basis for Romania’s participation alongside Germany in the war, most of the subordination of the Romanian armed forces to the German echelons of command being done by verbal agreement. At the same time, the German Military Mission had a dominant influence on the activities of the General Headquarters and the General Staff, minimising their responsibilities for the design and command of the Romanian armed forces in the theatre of war. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Verwaltung und Management: Zeitschrift für Moderne Verwaltung (VM) is the property of Nomos Verlagsgesellschaft mbH & Co. KG and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Kulturstudier is the property of Dansk Historisk Faellesraad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Militärgeschichtliche Zeitschrift is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of SIRIUS - Zeitschrift fur Strategische Analysen is the property of De Gruyter and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Turkey requested big and influential military advisory missions against the Russian threat both from Germany in 1913 and America in 1947. Although these missions were charged with revitalising an antiquated armed force to fight a modern war as soon as possible, in reality Turkish leaders saw both missions as the first step towards a comprehensive military alliance against the Russians. The outbreak of the First World War in 1914 and the Korean War in 1950 provided chances to induce Germany and America to agree upon Turkish desires for long-term military alliance. The military missions had to transform themselves and assumed duties other than those originally contemplated. In both cases a snowballing process of growth started in a relatively short time. The inflow of thousands of military personnel, most of whom were independent of the mission command and pursued different objectives, resulted in fragmentation and sometimes anarchy. There were many similarities between the experiences of both missions. They both suffered from ignorance, insensitivity, and cultural prejudices due to their poor linguistic and cultural preparation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Military sociology in Germany showed itself in the studies after the Second World War, and as in most countries of the world, American sociological models formed the basis of early German Military Sociology. In particular, the work of Janowitz and Huntington has had a significant impact on German Military Sociology. In addition, research centers funded by the German Armed Forces and publicly-funded foundations, often affiliated with a German political party, carried out military sociological research at certain times. The studies carried out in these centers were not limited to applied research on urgent military problems, but also basic, theory-oriented research on the relationship between the army and society. In this article, the foundational motives, academic institutionalization adventure and basic methodological and theoretical orientation of German Military Sociology are examined. In addition, compared to its Anglo-Saxon counterpart, inadequacies of German Military Sociology through the eyes of German military sociologists are discussed. This study aims to contribute to military sociology studies, which are few in number in Turkish literature. It is also evaluated that along with the American Military Sociology, German Military Sociology can also offer an alternative for research in Turkey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Lituanistica is the property of Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The service of specialized and special forces of the Federal Armed Forces and police is characterized by complex situations. Such personnel often face numerous difficulties and extreme danger and experience periods of high stress when fulfilling their tasks. In the context of social and technological changes, it is necessary to explore the individual components of stress management in further detail, i.e., stress prevention, stress control, and stress coping mechanisms, and furthermore to consider these elements in the fields of training and service. For this purpose, a stress management model was created based on participant observations, expert ratings, and problem-centered interviews with specialized members of military police and special police forces. The results of the validation can be interpreted as suggesting that effective stress management requires a diverse range of techniques and methods, including the use of digital means such as e-learning, digital reality, and eye tracking, in order to be able to address new demands appropriately. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]