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Graphical abstract Highlights • RFRs are of key interest in the development of sustainable industrial processes. • Combustion of lean hydrocarbon-air mixtures is the main application. • Modelling approaches of different complexities. • Main engineering aspects: scaling-up, bed configuration, heat recovery strategies. • Integration of adsorption processes emerges as a new application. Abstract Reverse flow reactors are fixed-bed reactors combining in a single intensified device chemical reaction and regenerative heat transfer (energy is stored in a bed as sensible heat). To accomplish this goal, reverse flow reactors are operated in a forced unsteady state created by periodically changing the flow direction. The most important applications of reverse flow reactor are reviewed: oxidation of hydrocarbons and sulphur dioxide, and selective catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides. These applications involve exothermic reactions. However, recent developments have also made possible it possible the use of reverse flow reactors with endothermic reactions, such methane steam reforming. The modelling of reverse flow reactors is addressed based on the models available for fixed-bed reactors. Practical considerations regarding reverse flow reactors are considered: the selection of the type of bed, the issues of the use of lab-scale devices at dynamic conditions, the assessment of autothermal operation and heat extraction and the integrated adsorption concept. The latter is an innovative concept based on the periodical adsorption in the bed of some of the reactants, products or other feed compounds. This mass regeneration can be combined with the heat regeneration capabilities of reverse flow reactors to increase the degree of process intensification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract A solar cell, capable of directly converting solar energy into electricity, bears a Shockley-Queisser limit of about 31% based on a single pn junction. In general, less than 50% of the solar irradiation spectrum (mostly in the ultraviolet and visible regions) can be utilized for the conversion. As such, the theoretical utilization rate is less than 15% in a single device, with most of the extra energy being lost as heat. It is thus appealing to enhance the energy utilization with devices that could collect the heat loss. In this study, we design and demonstrate a solar tube to realize photo-electric and photo-thermal conversions simultaneously. The key point is the use of titanium tube: (1) it has a small plasma frequency to enable wide absorption for thermal conversion; (2) it accommodates TiO 2 nanotube arrays to solve the cracking problem under tensile stress. A sandwiched membrane of high transparency and conductivity is developed for hole transport and collection. Eventually, a total energy efficiency of about 25.2% is obtained. Such a solar tube is anticipated to highly boost the utilization rate of solar energy with judiciously designed structure. Graphical abstract A solar tube integrating the photo-electric and photo-thermal conversion is developed in this study, with a total efficiency of about 25.2%. The key component is the titanium tube used, which has a small plasma frequency to enhance the light harvesting and accommodates the nanotube arrays to release the tensile stress. fx1 Highlights • A solar tube integrating the photo-electric and photo-thermal conversion is demonstrated. • The titanium having small plasma frequency is selected to enable wide absorption of photon energy for thermal conversion. • A sandwiched membrane of high transparency and conductivity is developed for tubular solar cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-communicable diseases are the leading cause of death and disability across India, including in the poorest states. Effective disease management, particularly for cardiovascular diseases, requires the tracking of several biochemical and physiological parameters over an extended period of time. Currently, patients must go to diagnostic laboratories and doctors’ clinics or invest in individual point-of-care devices for measuring the required parameters. The cost and inconvenience of current options lead to inconsistent monitoring, which contribute to suboptimal outcomes. Furthermore, managing multiple individual point-of-devices is challenging and helps track some parameters to the exclusion of others. To address these issues, HealthCubed, a primary care technology company, has designed integrated devices that measure blood glucose, hemoglobin, cholesterol, uric acid, blood pressure, capillary oxygen saturation and pulse rate. Here we report data from clinical studies undertaken in healthy subjects establishing the validity of an integrated device for monitoring multiple parameters.

The sensitive quantification of low-abundance nucleic acids holds importance for a range of clinical applications and biological studies. In this study, we describe a facile microfluidic chip for absolute DNA quantifications based on the digital loop-mediated isothermal amplification (digital LAMP) method. This microfluidic chip integrates a cross-flow channel for droplet generation with a micro-cavity for droplet tiling. DNA templates in the LAMP reagent were divided into ~20,000 water-in-oil droplets at the cross-flow channel. The droplets were then tiled in the micro-cavity for isothermal amplification and fluorescent detection. Different from the existing polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chips, this study incorporates gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) into PDMS substrate through silica coating and dodecanol modification. The digital LAMP chip prepared by AuNPs-PDMS combines the benefits of the microstructure manufacturing performance of PDMS with the light-to-heat conversion advantages of AuNPs. Upon illumination with a near infrared (NIR) LED, the droplets were stably and efficiently heated by the AuNPs in PDMS. We further introduce an integrated device with a NIR heating unit and a fluorescent detection unit. The system could detect HBV (hepatitis B virus)-DNA at a concentration of 1 × 101 to 1 × 104 copies/μL. The LED-driven digital LAMP chip and the integrated device; therefore, demonstrate high accuracy and excellent performance for the absolute quantification of low-abundance nucleic acids, showing the advantages of integration, miniaturization, cost, and power consumption.

A dye-sensitized solar module (DSSM) and a high voltage all-solid-state electrochemical double layer capacitor (EDLC) are, for the first time, implemented in a compact Harvesting-Storage (HS) device. Conductive glass is employed as current collecting substrate for both DSSM and EDLC, leading to a robust and portable final structure. The photovoltaic section is constituted by a 4 series cells W-type module, while in the storage section an EDLC employing an ionic liquid-based polymeric electrolyte (a mixture of polyethylene oxide and N-butyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide, PEO-Pyr14TFSI) and activated carbon electrodes is used. The solid state EDLC is first characterized individually to determine its electrochemical performance before successfully proving the integration with the DSSM. The harvesting-storage properties of the integrated photo-capacitor are evaluated through photo-charge and subsequent discharge protocols performed at two different discharge currents, showing that in this configuration the EDLC unit can be effectively charged up to 2.45 V.

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An integrated optical digital-to-analogue (DA) converter, which is intended for a phase-shift keying (PSK) modulation signal, is presented to realise a fully transparent optical communication system. The converter is provided with a silicon-based optical waveguide structure in a compact size equal to 1/3000 that of the previous study. The device optically performs a conversion of digital data to their equivalent analogue values by generating a quadrature PSK (QPSK) signal from two binary PSK (BPSK) modulated pulses. In the author's experiment, the resulting QPSK signal is converted into four different intensities depending on the pattern of the 2-bit BPSK signal at 10 GHz. This fact indicates the experimental demonstration of optical DA conversion for PSK modulation using the integrated device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Micro-supercapacitors (MSCs) are recognized as potential power supply units for on-chip micro-devices because they possess not only the advantages of supercapacitors but also the simplified packaging processes and compatibility with integrated circuits. Laser direct writing technique has been demonstrated as an effective tool for the fabrication of micro-supercapacitors and electronic devices using different materials. However, the high-performance micro-supercapacitors and the integration with electronic devices even the portable or wearable self-powered systems fabricated by the laser direct writing technique or in combination with other techniques still need to be demonstrated. In this paper, we will introduce our recent studies on the following several parts: the preparation of carbon-based micro-supercapacitors by laser direct writing on polyimide films in air, the improvement of the carbon MSC by laser direct writing in Ar, the carbon/TiO2 MSC with photo-rechargeable capability, the carbon/Au MSC with high-rate charge–discharge performance, and the in-plane integrated circuits with MSCs and sensors using the laser direct writing technique combining with other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vane, shearing instrument to drill-pipe torque transfer to the distal cross vane, will produce elastic deformation, such as bending or distortion, the amount of deformation increases geometrically with the depth of the hole, thus limiting the deep-hole vane shear test application. By means of drilling sampling, the soil sample and tube friction, soil sample package, transportation, and the process of indoor testing, cutting, cutting ring and so on, the sample is disturbed repeatedly, causing the soil mechanics data inaccuracy .In this paper, we designed the method of controlling stepper motor by single -chip microcomputer, the invented an electromechanical integration device for vane shear test and sampling, which can complete the shearing test and original sampling of the vane in the deep hole, obtained the mechanical and physical data of the natural soil body intact, which provides a useful reference for the integrative of the drilling equipment in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ionic polymer-metal composite (IPMC) actuator is an electric driven soft actuator. It is fabricated by chemically plating metal on both surface of an ion-exchange membrane. It is able to be activated by a simple driving circuit and low applied voltage (0.5-3 V). However, a precise control of the IPMC actuator is difficult because of individual difference and characteristics changes from environmental conditions. To solve this problem, we applied the stochastic ON/OFF controllers to the integrated IPMC actuator with parallel connections. The controller consists of a central controller and distributed controllers. The central controller broadcasts a control signal as an error signal to distributed controllers uniformly. The distributed controllers switch the ON/OFF states based on the broadcasted signal stochastically. The central controller dose not measure the states of each IPMC actuator, and the control signals is calculated by using the output signal of the integrated actuator and reference signal. The validity of the applied methods was investigated through numerical simulations and experiments of displacement control. The proposed method was demonstrated to be useful as in the case that some actuator elements fail.

Water and sunlight are both renewable and readily available. A sustainable energy generation from water and sunlight holds a great promise to solve current energy and environmental challenges. However, low-cost, but efficient, catalysts are required. In this study, a rationally designed N,S co-doped three-dimensional porous graphitic network (N,S-3DPG) was used as a low-cost, highly efficient tri-functional catalyst to simultaneously catalyze hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) for photo-electrochemical water splitting to generate hydrogen fuel, oxygen evolution reaction (OER) for oxygen generation from water, and oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) for generation of clean electricity from hydrogen and oxygen gases in fuel cells. Based on the resultant multifunctional catalyst, the combination of photo-electrochemical water splitting, powered by CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 perovskite solar cells, for on-site generation of O 2 and H 2 gases with a H 2 -O 2 fuel cell created a cost-effective and H 2 -storage-free approach toward renewable generation of clean electricity. This work represents a new conceptually important approach to cost-effective generation of clean and renewable electricity from sunlight and water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile and binder-free method is developed for the in situ and horizontal growth of ultrathin mesoporous Co3O4 layers on the surface of carbon fibers in the carbon cloth (ultrathin Co3O4/CC) as high-performance air electrode for the flexible Zn-air battery. In particular, the ultrathin Co3O4 layers have a maximum contact area on the conductive support, facilitating the rapid electron transport and preventing the aggregation of ultrathin layers. The ultrathin feature of Co3O4 layers is characterized by the transmission electron microscopy, Raman spectra, and X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy. Benefiting from the high utilization degree of active materials and rapid charge transport, the mass activity for oxygen reduction and evolution reactions of the ultrathin Co3O4/CC electrode is more than 10 times higher than that of the carbon cloth loaded with commercial Co3O4 nanoparticles. Compared to the commercial Co3O4/CC electrode, the flexible Zn-air battery using ultrathin Co3O4/CC electrode exhibits excellent rechargeable performance and high mechanical stability. Furthermore, the flexible Zn-air battery is integrated with a flexible display unit. The whole integrated device can operate without obvious performance degradation under serious deformation and even during the cutting process, which makes it highly promising for wearable and roll-up optoelectronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An integrated device of enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) and supercapacitor (SC) on glass or flexible polyethylene terephthalate for both electric energy conversion and storage has been developed. A glucose/O 2 EBFC was fabricated by modifying flavin adenine dinucleotide-glucose dehydrogenase and laccase on multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) based buckypaper as bioanode and biocathode, respectively. While the SC was fabricated by sandwiching a poly(vinyl alcohol)-H 3 PO 4 (PVA-H 3 PO 4 ) electrolyte between two aligned MWNTs/polyaniline electrodes. The integrated device showed lower internal resistance than previous report because of the use of solid state electrolyte PVA-H 3 PO 4 . Furthermore, the self-charged device containing two EBFCs and one SC achieved a high charging voltage of 0.8 V and a maximum power density of 608 μW cm −2 , which was 1.9 times of that value for two individual EBFCs in series (326 ± 10 μW cm −2 ). Such a miniaturized device with a light weight and flexible property would enable new opportunity for portable and wearable devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We proposed an integrated device for electro-optic (EO) modulation and dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) based on photonic crystals (PhCs). The transmittance performance of the designed structure was modelled and analyzed according to the time-domain coupled mode theory (CMT), using three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain (3D-FDTD) method to calculate the parameters of the proposed device for verification. The numerical results show that the proposed integrated device can realize the functions of "on", "off" modulation and DWDM with a channel spacing of 0.8 nm at the operating wavelengths of 1555 nm and 1554.2 nm. The minimum insertion loss, channel crosstalk and modulation voltage are 0.7 dB, − 29.04 dB and 0.88 V, respectively. The maximum extinction ratio and modulation speed are 21.51 dB and 29.4 GHz. The designed integrated device has the advantages of low loss, compact size (41.28 μ m × 11.18 μ m), narrow channel spacing, large extinction ratio, which can be easily expanded the number of channels and used in highly integrated large-capacity optical communication systems and data center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The architecture of integrated perovskite/organic solar cells (IPOSCs) is a promising strategy to further enhance the power conversion efficiency (PCE) by extending their photoresponse to the near-infrared range. To maximize the potential benefits of the system, it is crucial to optimize the perovskite crystallinity and intimate morphology of the organic bulk heterojunction (BHJ). More importantly, efficient charge transfer between the interface of the perovskite and BHJ plays a key role in the success of IPOSCs. This paper reports efficient IPOSCs by forming interdigitated interfaces between the perovskite and BHJ layers. Large microscale perovskite grains enable the infiltration of BHJ materials into the perovskite grain boundary, thereby increasing the interface area and promoting efficient charge transfer. Owing to the synergetic effect of the interdigitated interfaces and optimized BHJ nanomorphology, the developed P-I-N-type IPOSC exhibited an excellent PCE of 18.43% with a J sc of 24.44 mA/cm 2 , a V oc of 0.95 V, and a FF of 79.49%, which is one of very efficient hybrid perovskite-polymer solar cells.

In this paper, we propose a simple plasma-less fabrication and integration method for biomicrodevice applications. For optogenetics, microlenses and pinholes irradiating local sight of biological tissue with focused visible light and electrodes measuring a biological electropotential are integrated by using organic materials such as polymer. The proposed fabrication method consists of photolithography and wet-etching process only. The shape of fabricated microlenses measured by a white light interferometer was the diameter of 111.5 μm, the depth of 45.5 μm, and the focal length 320 μm. The impedance of Platinum black electroplated on the fabricated electrode pads was reduced to 200 kΩ. As the results, it is succeeded to integrate electrode pads, microlenses and pinholes without plasma etching process. The fabricated dish is assembled with a light irradiation device having two LEDs. By the light irradiation test, the fabricated dish is expected to be utilized in a variety of neuroscience researches. By the test for cytotoxicity, it is succeeded to create neural network on the fabricated dish.

Health monitoring devices have emerged with the growing concern for personalized health monitoring. One of the non-negligible trends of health monitoring devices is to integrate physical sensing and biochemical sensing into one device to achieve multiplexed analysis. This work reported a multifunctional platform consisting of a strain sensing unit and a sweat detection unit, which was built based on hydrogels functionalized with reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and luminol (Lum). Hydrogel functionalized with rGO (rGO@hydrogel) served as the strain sensing unit for perceiving motion behaviors during exercise, followed by spontaneous healing with Lum modified hydrogel (Lum@hydrogel) to form a closed bipolar electrode (c-BPE). Sweat detection was fulfilled by c-BPE, wherein luminol at the anode generated electrochemiluminescence (ECL) signals in response to the analytes at the cathode. On-body assays showed that the fabricated platform rapidly responded to motion behaviors and also performed well in the analysis of several physiological indicators (urea, lactic acid, and chloride ion) in sweat. The fabricated device enabled in-situ sweat collection by means of 3D porous structure of hydrogel, and also circumvented the issues arising from the compositional complexity of sweat in virtue of the inherently separated anodic and cathodic compartments of c-BPEs. It was proved to be low-cost, convenient and body-friendly, thanks to intrinsically flexible and self-healing hydrogels, bridging the gap between the ideal of versatile systems and the reality of cumbersome design. This work is expected to provide useful guidance and insights in expanding daily health care. [Display omitted] • Physical and biochemical detection units were intelligently integrated into one sensing platform by endowing hydrogels. • The fabricated platform allowed for real-time motion behavior monitoring, sweat collection and component analysis. • We pioneered in building flexible c-BPEs, further broadening the application of c-BPEs in wearable devices. • The built ECL system outperforms the ones based on rigid electrodes in terms of signal stability and duration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Acidochromic organic photovoltaic integrated device with dual functions of monitoring acid-base change and generating power is firstly demonstrated which greatly promotes the development of solar technology diversity [Display omitted] • Acidochromic photovoltaic integrated device is proposed for the first time. • Monitoring acid-base changes and converting solar energy are realized concurrently. • Acidichromism and mechanism of electron transport in OSCs are disclosed. • The performance of device can be cyclically transformed under acid/base conditions. Tremendous efforts have been devoted to boosting the power conversion efficiency (PCE) of organic solar cells (OSCs) via the introduction of cathode interlayers (CILs). However, CIL materials have limited diversity and the development of multifunctional devices is largely neglected. Herein, an acidochromic organic photovoltaic integrated device is firstly proposed by introducing an acid-sensitive stimulating-reaction organic molecule as both the CIL of OSCs and the sensor of monitoring environmental acidity. The oxazolidine unit of acidochromic molecule can form a ring-opening structure after acid treatment, resulting in the remarkable color change with the direct reflection of pH value of ecological environment. The additive-free PM6:Y6 OSCs using the acidochromic molecule as the CIL achieve an excellent PCE of above 15.29 %, which is 47 % higher than that of the control device. The PCE can even maintain above 92 % after treating CIL with various strong acids (pH = 1). Moreover, the color of acidified films and the degraded performance of acidified OSCs can be easily restored by alkaline treatment. The successful application of CIL in other highly efficient photovoltaic systems proves its good universality. This work triggers the promising application of acidochromic molecules in solar cells as CIL with the additional function of recognition of acid environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To improve the pretreatment efficiency of radiocesium in seawater, a prototype machine based on a new design of an integrated device for coprecipitation and filtration was developed and tested in the laboratory for its possibility and efficiency, the results show the that the efficiency of pretreatment of radiocesium can be improved more than one orders of magnitude compared to traditional methods. And the results from experiments on effect of settle time show that immediately filtration of solution after reaction will not affect the absorption of AMP to radiocesium in seawater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An integrated device of electrodialytic membrane suppressor and charge detector (CHD) for ion chromatography (IC) is described, aiming to simplify system complexity and reduce possible extra-column dispersion as well. The device is a flow-through design consisting of five chambers isolated by ion exchange membranes and ionic screens. Two independent electric sources are used to respectively supply CHD and suppressor sections of the device, and a common electrode serves both the cathode of CHD and the anode of suppressor simultaneously. The integrated device has similar performance as a separate suppressor or a CHD while its dead volume and dispersion are reduced ∼18% and ∼37% compared with the combination of a CHD and a suppressor. To our knowledge, this is the first description of such an integrated device with dual functionalities of suppression and CHD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integrated supercapacitors with extended operation voltage are important for high energy density storage devices. In this work, we develop a novel direct electrode deposition on separator (DEDS) process to fabricate graphene based integrated tandem supercapacitors for the first time. The DEDS process generates compact graphene‐polyaniline electrodes directly on the separators to form integrated supercapacitors. The integrated graphene‐polyaniline tandem supercapacitors demonstrate ultrahigh volumetric energy density of 52.5 W h L −1 at power density of 6037 W L −1 and excellent gravimetric energy density of 26.1 W h kg −1 at power density of 3002 W kg −1 with outstanding electrochemical stability for over 10,000 cycles. This study show great promises for the future development of integrated energy storage devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An “all-in-one” mesh typed integrated energy unit is developed which converts solar energy to electric energy and stores it simultaneously. The entire integrated device operates in uniform electrolyte system which contains 0.8 M Na 2 S, 0.8 M S, and 2 M KCl. A double-sided mesh electrode coated with Cu 2 S film and carbon nanoparticles is shared by both energy conversion and storage sections. The device we fabricated can realize the co-operation of the energy conversion and storage sections effectively by taking advantages of the mono electrolyte system and the shared double-sided mesh-typed electrode. These properties are beneficial to assembly, miniaturization, and integration of a self-powered system for portable microelectronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extensive efforts have been made to collect energy from water to generate electricity. However, producing a high density of electrical power for small mobile electronics is challenging. Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), which can convert droplet water into electricity, provides sustainable electrical power for small electronics. In addition, hydrovoltaic device (HD) can harvest energy from water evaporation into electricity for small electronics. Herein, an integrated device aimed at collecting energy from both impinging water droplets and evaporation is proposed by combining a TENG with an HD. An architecture that comprises a fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film as a triboelectric layer with an aluminum electrode is used to collect energy from impinging water droplets. A silicon-based HD with an asymmetrical structure where nanostructured silicon plus hierarchical nanofabric carbon electrode is used to harvest energy from vaporizing water droplets. Silver is used as a mutual electrode to integrate the TENG and the HD to generate electricity by fully using falling water droplet energy. The microstructure is built on the FEP film surface to enlarge the contact area between the droplets and FEP, greatly boosting the output of the TENG with an open-circuit voltage of 200 V and a short circuit current of 60 μA in pulsed mode, respectively. Meanwhile, the HD device yields a consistent open-circuit voltage of 550 mV and a short circuit current density of 30 μA/cm2. This integrated device provides a smart strategy to generate electricity by fully collecting energy from impinging water droplets and evaporation, paving an alternative way to efficiently harvest water energy. [Display omitted] • Reactive ion etching (RIE) treatment is performed on the surface of fluorinated ethylene propylene (FEP) film, which contributes to a boosted output of triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG). • Hydrovoltaic device (HD) can be integrated with the TENG by using a mutual electrode. • The integrated device is capable to fully convert both mechanical energy and thermal energy containing in a droplet into electricity. • The integrated device can combine the advantage of consistent output of HD and the high output level of TENG. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a novel structure for a monolithically integrated parametric frequency up and down converter using two parallel periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) waveguides combined with a reflective wavelength-division multiplexer (WDM) to realize second-harmonic-pumped parametric mixing on one chip. The parallel configuration of the PPLN waveguides provides a long interaction length for efficient conversion. The reflective WDM used for (de)multiplexing 0.78- and 1.56-μm light consisted of two multimode interference (MMI) (de)multiplexers and a dichroic mirror. The utilization of the wavelength selectivity of both the MMI (de)multiplexers and the dichroic mirror enabled us to achieve high isolation of the fundamental light for generating a second-harmonic pump. We fabricated the integrated device using a direct-bonded LiNbO3 ridge waveguide. Frequency conversion achieved with two-stage second-harmonic generation and difference frequency generation processes was successfully demonstrated with a high isolation of the fundamental and a parametric gain of the signal in the integrated device. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

[Objective] The research aimed to study simulated method on the release of sediment pollutants in the Temple Lake. [Method] For existing pollution status of the Temple Lake, sediments and overlying water were sampled by the integrated device. Based on the technical route, through the orthogonal test, release processes of nitrogen and phosphorus from sediment were simulated, and their release speeds were estimated under different temperatures, pH and DO in the laboratory. Relationship between environmental factor and pollutant release was explored. [Result] The integrated device of sediment sampling and test had simple structure, cheap cost and easy operation, and sediment pollution test could be conducted without disturbing sediment after collecting sediment. Among the studied three impact factors, temperature had the maximum influence on contaminant release process, which should be considered as the important factor of future research. [Conclusion] Compared with routine research method of sediment contaminant release from other lakes, simulated method of contaminant release from sediment in the Temple Lake had many advantages, which was favorable for scientific research in latter period and actual lake control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Agricultural activities produce substantial amounts of ammonia (NH 3), affecting agricultural ecology and resulting in environmental pollution. NH 3 detection based on sensor technology in the field has long been a challenging topic. Detection can be hampered by multiple interfering gases, as well as fluctuations in temperature and humidity, which can cause signal failure. Here, a simple and systematized NH 3 monitor coupled with a differential catalytic conversion method was designed to efficiently and continuously monitor NH 3 , independently of changes in the external environment. Overall, the catalytic conversion method of NH 3 into NO 2 increased the recognition of NH 3 and excluded most interfering gases. With the addition of differential processing, the detection results were further refined by eliminating the influence of oxidizing interfering gases, temperature, and humidity. This method can be applied in various demanding environments to obtain accurate results and eliminate the background interference that has long plagued sensor research. • An extremely low detection limit of NH 3 was achieved by an indirect monitor of NO 2. • A differential gas sensing system was realized with non-selective MOS gas detectors. • A high signal noise ratio with enable a reliable sensor reading in a complex and variable scenario for agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reasonable depletion of energy resource to realize energy affair is critical to ever-lasting advancement of human society, such as passive thermal management strategy and self-powered technologies, promoting emergence of integrated and functionalized energy device. Here, series of multiply-utilization-type composite nanofibers were prepared by electrospinning to apply for personal thermal comfort and tactile triboelectric nanogenerator (T-TENG). Our heating/cooling pattern enables a skin simulator's temperature increase/decrease of 8.7 ℃/2.5 ℃ respectively under sunlight exposure. Thermoelectricity was utilized to transform the heat into electricity with a maximum voltage of 157.6 mV. Besides, with optimization of structure and materials of T-TENG, optimum output performance with open-circuit voltage (V OC) of 215.1 V, short-circuit current (I SC) of 2.54 μA, transfer charge (Q T) of 70.72 nC and superior effective peak power density of 362.58 mW m−2 were acquired. Furthermore, a self-powered game controller with signal acquiring and processing circuits for manipulation of game characters was achieved, and the International Morse Code that relay on motion recognition was first time realized with assistance of machine learning. The flexible and self-powered T-TENG manifests an imperative application value in electronics for HMI and wearable device. The composites of PAN/BT and PAN/CB are fabricated for human thermal comfort and self-powered Human-Machine Interaction, which offers a new idea to achieve all-in-one application scenarios. [Display omitted] • PAN composite nanofibers with multidisciplinary utilization are integrated for all-in-one application scenarios. • Dual-temperature regulated nanofibers of PAN/CB and PAN/BT are synthesized for outdoors human thermal comfort. • A tactile-TENG is fabricated with a highly accurate function of tapping motion recognition. • International Morse Code is first realized by TENG with the assistance of machine learning. • A self-powered game controller based on TENG is proposed to manipulate the movement methods of game figure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a redox-graphene (Rx-Gr) film with electron-mediating ability has been integrated into a modular flexible pocket device, giving rise to a reusable biosensing platform. The Rx-Gr has been obtained in water from graphite taking advantage of catechin, a redox-antioxidant, able to assist the sonochemical layered-material exfoliation, conferring electron mediating feature. A film composed exclusively of Rx-Gr has been transferred via thermal rolling onto a flexible PET-support that was used as the biosensor base. The biosensing platform, composed of office-grade materials, was then fabricated using a cutter-plotter and assembled by thermal lamination; an interchangeable paper-based strip was used to host the enzymatic reaction and drive the capillary flow. An acetylcholinesterase-based inhibition assay has been optimized onboard the pocket device to determine chlorpyriphos, a widespread environmental pesticide. The proposed set-up allows the determination of chlorpyriphos at low overpotential (0.2 V) with satisfactory sensitivity (LOD = 0.2 ppb), thanks to the straightforward electroactivity of the Rx-Gr film towards thiocholine (enzymatic product). The modular design allows 5 consecutive complete inhibition assays (control + inhibition measure) retaining the performance (RSD = 5.4%; n = 5). The coupling of bench-top technologies and a new functional graphene film resulted in the development of a cost-effective, reusable, transportable, and within everyone's reach biosensing platform. [Display omitted] • A modular pocket electrochemical device for chlorpyrifos detection has been assembled. • The sensing element is a graphene film with electromediating ability. • An interchangeable paper strip host the enzymatic reaction allowing reusability. • The device accommodates the full inhibition assay allowing a 0.2 ppb LOD. • The device has been fabricated with low-cost office-grade instrumentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noncontact optical measurement methods are essential tools in many industrial and research domains. A family of new noncontact optical measurement methods based on the polarization states splitting technique and monochromatic light projection as a way to overcome ambient lighting for in-situ measurement has been developed. Recent works on a birefringent element, a Savart plate, allow one to build a more flexible and robust interferometer. This interferometer is a multipurpose metrological device. On one hand the interferometer can be set in front of a charge-coupled device (CCD) camera. This optical measurement system is called a shearography interferometer and allows one to measure microdisplacements between two states of the studied object under coherent lighting. On the other hand, by producing and shifting multiple sinusoidal Young's interference patterns with this interferometer, and using a CCD camera, it is possible to build a three-dimensional structured light profilometer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The design, fabrication, and initial analysis of a continuous energy harvesting and storage device for wireless sensor applications were undertaken. A Si nanowire-based photovoltaic (PV) device and Li ion battery were integrated onto a single Si substrate. The three terminal device consisted of separate positive terminals for each component and a shared negative electrode. The effect of Li+ incorporation into the planar PV electrode was evaluated. The current–voltage behavior of the PV device was tolerant to high Li+ concentrations. A titanium nitride layer between the battery and PV portions of the shared electrode was shown to be an effective diffusion barrier to Li+ incorporation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Simultaneous monitoring of electrophysiological and biochemical signals is of great importance in healthcare and fitness management, while the fabrication of highly integrated and flexible devices is crucial to these applications. Herein, we devised a multifunctional and flexible hydrogel-paper patch (HPP) that was capable of simultaneously real-time monitoring of electrocardiogram (ECG) signal and biochemical signal (glucose content) in sweat during exercise. The self-assembly of the highly porous PEDOT:PSS hydrogel on paper fiber provided the HPP with good conductivity and hydrophilic wettability for efficient electron transmission and substance diffusion, thereby enabling it to serve as a low-impedance ECG electrode and a highly sensitive glucose sensor. Additionally, the spontaneous capillary flow effect allows the paper patch to be used as microfluidic channels for the collect and analysis of sweat. Moreover, the HPP is integrated with a flexible printed circuit board (FPCB) and works as a multifunctional wearable device mounted on the chest for real-time monitoring of electrophysiological and biochemical signals during exercise. • A hydrogel-paper patch (HPP) with highly porous conductive PEDOT:PSS hydrogel self-assembled on the paper fiber. • Simultaneous real-time monitoring of both electrophysiological and biochemical signals that vary during exercise. • The electrocardiogram electrode exhibits low impedance, while the glucose electrode exhibits high sensitivity. • HPP sensing system shows great promise as a disposable and low-cost sensor kit for healthcare and fitness monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]