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Nonhuman primate (NHP) studies are crucial to biomedical research. NHPs are the species most similar to humans in lifespan, body size, and hormonal profiles. Planning research requires statistical power evaluation, which is difficult to perform when lacking directly relevant preliminary data. This is especially true for NHP developmental programming studies, which are scarce. We review the sample sizes reported, challenges, areas needing further work, and goals of NHP maternal nutritional programming studies. The literature search included 27 keywords, for example, maternal obesity, intrauterine growth restriction, maternal high-fat diet, and maternal nutrient reduction. Only fetal and postnatal offspring studies involving tissue collection or imaging were included. Twenty-eight studies investigated maternal over-nutrition and 33 under-nutrition; 23 involved macaques and 38 baboons. Analysis by sex was performed in 19; minimum group size ranged from 1 to 8 (mean 4.7 ± 0.52, median 4, mode 3) and maximum group size from 3 to 16 (8.3 ± 0.93, 8, 8). Sexes were pooled in 42 studies; minimum group size ranged from 2 to 16 (mean 5.3 ± 0.35, median 6, mode 6) and maximum group size from 4 to 26 (10.2 ± 0.92, 8, 8). A typical study with sex-based analyses had group size minimum 4 and maximum 8 per sex. Among studies with sexes pooled, minimum group size averaged 6 and maximum 8. All studies reported some significant differences between groups. Therefore, studies with group sizes 3–8 can detect significance between groups. To address deficiencies in the literature, goals include increasing age range, more frequently considering sex as a biological variable, expanding topics, replicating studies, exploring intergenerational effects, and examining interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article deals with British sculptor John Flaxman's funerary monument for Lord Chief Justice, William Murray, First Earl of Mansfield in Westminster Abbey, that was completed in 1801. Topics discussed include additional designs and correspondence, issues related to the site-specificity of the monument, particularly the discussions between Flaxman and his patron David Murray, and the huge influence of the monument's design.

Examination of business letters in English, French, and Japanese, focusing on prescriptive accounts in the respective languages, found that, despite amazingly similar surface characteristics, American business letters were reader-oriented, French business letters were writer-oriented, and Japanese business letters were oriented to the space between the writer and reader. (Author/CB)

Background: Non‐human primate models of developmental programming by maternal obesity (MO) are needed for translation to human programming outcomes. We present baboon offspring (F1) morphometry, blood cortisol, and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) from 0.9 gestation to 0‐2 years. Methods: Control mothers ate chow; MO mothers ate high‐fat high‐energy diet pre‐pregnancy through lactation. Results: Maternal obesity mothers weighed more than controls pre‐pregnancy. Maternal obesity gestational weight gain was lower with no correlation with fetal or placenta weights. At 0.9 gestation, MO and control F1 morphometry and ACTH were similar. MO‐F1 0.9 gestation male cortisol was lower, rising slower from 0‐2 years vs control‐F1. At birth, male MO‐F1 and control‐F1 weights were similar, but growth from 0‐2 years was steeper in MO‐F1; newborn female MO‐F1 weighed more than control‐F1 but growth from 0‐2 years was similar. ACTH did not change in either sex. Conclusions: Maternal obesity produced sexually dimorphic fetal and postnatal growth and hormonal phenotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article features the Queen's Diamond Jubilee Galleries which opened in 2018 and displays works of art and historic artefacts from the collections at Westminster Abbey in London, England. Topics covered include the history of the building's museum displays, the Galleries' displays of historic collections of religious artefacts, and the thinking behind the new Galleries.

The article offers information on the collection of royal wooden funeral effigies at Westminster Abbey. Topics covered include the recent conservation of the collection made for royal funerals between 1377 and 1625, the information on the collection's materials, construction and original appearance, accounts of royal funerals that describe the function and appearance of the effigies, and the extent of deterioration of the effigies since they were first used in royal funerals.

The Origins of the Albertina: From Durer to Napoleon 14 March-29 June 2014 Albertina, Vienna Historical catalogue (German edition) by Christian Benedik and Klaus Albrecht Schroder ISBN 9783775738248 (paperback), 39.80 [...]