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Biographies are presented on the 19th century U.S. Southern photographers of Mobile, Alabama Chauncey Barnes and Harry E. Wallace, which includes information on their careers, their photographic works and daguerreotypes. An overview of their photography studios, including in regard to the role Barnes' slaves played in taking care of his studio, is provided.

An introduction is presented which discusses the articles within the issue on the theme of photography of the U.S. Southern States from the antebellum period through the early 21st century with topics, including daguerreotypes, the documentary photographer Ed Wheeler and African American Mardi Gras celebration in Lafayette, Louisiana.

The essay recalls the student strike of May 1970 at the University of North Carolina (UNC) at Chapel Hill, and discovers a similar peace movement to the anti-Vietnam demonstrations at U.S. northern and western campuses. It says that the 6,000 UNC students who demonstrated in May 1970 not only displayed the power of their united voice, but also proved that demonstrations on U.S. southern campuses could compete the volume seen on any college or university in the U.S.

The article provides information from the 2014 annual meeting of the Southern Historical Association (SHA), which was held in Atlanta, Georgia. The Secretary-Treasurer discusses topics of the meeting, including Southern emancipation, the legacy of the U.S. Civil War, and the history of capitalism in the South. He also provides the SHA financial statement for 2014.

An introduction is presented which discusses the essays within the issue on the U.S. Mississippi River in the 20th century with topics, including U.S. Southern identity, cartography and the depiction of the Mississippi River in the novel "Hard Blue Sky," by Shirley Ann Grau.

The article discusses a daguerreotype portrait of Richmond, Virginia, St. Paul's Episcopal Church then-pastor Rev. Dr. Charles Frederick Ernest Minnigerode that appeared on the U.S. television network Public Broadcasting Service program "Antiques Roadshow." According to the article, the portrait was taken by photographer William Abbott Pratt. The article discusses early photography in Richmond and the U.S. South, Pratt's career in Washington, D.C., prior to his removal to Richmond, and the significance of the relationship between Minnigerode and law professor Nathaniel Beverley Tucker.

The article presents a speech by University of Delaware professor of history Peter Kolchin, delivered on November 14, 2014, at a meeting of the Southern Historical Association in Atlanta, Georgia, in which he discussed the emancipation of slaves in U.S. southern states during the 19th century as compared to the emancipation of slaves throughout the world, particularly to the emancipation of Russian serfs. He discussed the U.S. Emancipation Proclamation, the Thirteenth Amendment, Fourteenth Amendment, and Fifteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, and the U.S. Civil War.

The Great Migration-the massive migration of African Americans out of the rural South to largely urban locations in the North, Midwest, and West-was a landmark event in US history. Our paper shows that this migration increased mortality of African Americans born in the early twentieth century South. This inference comes from an analysis that uses proximity of birthplace to railroad lines as an instrument for migration. (JEL I12, J15, N31, N32, N91, N92, R23) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research revisits the question of the most likely paths traveled during the 1540 entrada of Hernando de Soto and colonizing efforts of Juan Pardo about 20 years later by utilizing the spatial modeling method of geographic information system (GIS) analysis to evaluate the favorability of different paths and place them within the context of recent archaeological and ethnohistoric research. Analysis results make the larger anthropological point that GIS route modeling should explicitly take into account the size of the party traveling. Routes fo r small parties are not the same as optimal routes fo r large armies such as de Soto's, which included hundreds of people, pieces of equipment, and livestock. The GIS-modeled routes correlate with the distribution of contact-period archaeological sites and attested eighteenth-century routes. More accurate estimation of Spanish routes allows us to better model the Native American social, economic, and political nexus of this period, showing that the residents in far eastern Tennessee were probably part of a dynamic borderlands between the chiefdom of Coosa to the west and the ancestral Cherokee heartland to the east. This anthropological refinement in GIS modeling will be useful in investigating ancient paths of interaction in many parts of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article explores the history and design of menus from restaurants in the U.S. South. Emphasis is given to topics such as ethnic influences on Southern cuisine, the exoticism of foreign foodways, the development of Southern cosmopolitanism, and the role of cultural diversity in regional modernization.

The article explores the history of racial discrimination and eating customs in the U.S. South. Emphasis is given to topics such as racial segregation in dining and food consumption, the experiences of racism by African Americans such as Booker T. Washington, and the physical control of black mobility by white Southerners.

The article examines the important role played by U.S. author William Faulkner in the formalization of both U.S. literary studies and southern literary studies. Topics discussed include the application of southern studies as area studies under a nationalistic project during the Cold War. Also discussed are the origins of modern southern literature as an academic discipline and Faulkner's prominence in the literary criticism "Southern Renascence: The Literature of the Modern South" in 1953.

An index for the journal "Arkansas Review: A Journal of Delta Studies" for the 2003-2007 period is presented.

An essay is presented concerning the work of Tuscaloosa, Alabama, author, orator, and poet Alexander Beaufort Meek, particularly regarding the history of the U.S. southwestern frontier and his influence upon 19th century American literature. It examines Meek's career as an orator, politician, and poet, the influence of the frontier on his writing and public life, and his conception of a southern literary tradition based upon intellectualism and natural aesthetic appreciation. It also discusses several of Meek's works including "The Red Eagle: A Poem of the South."

The article looks at pro-slavery sentiments in Brazoria County, Texas, from the mid-19th-century to the end of the U.S. Civil War. Particular focus is given to evidence drawn from local newspapers. According to the author, resident slaveholders made arguments similar to those in other Southern states, including religious, economic, and racist defenses of slavery and arguments about legality and property rights. It is suggested that these arguments were directed at fellow slaveholders.

This paper addresses the gap in literature that ignores sport as practiced, managed or communicated by women by focusing on sportswriter Mary Garber, and the meanings engendered through her coverage of black high school and collegiate athletics in the Twin City Sentinel of Winston-Salem, North Carolina, during the mid-1940s through early 1960s. She received numerous prestigious awards during a career that spanned seven decades, but limited historical treatises examine this influential figure. Few scholars have attempted to understand the history of women in this male-dominated field or the sociocultural forces and obstacles that contextualise and hinder their contributions. It is a sad irony that Garber was atypical for her time, and remains so in the contemporary climate. Therefore, one major objective of this paper is to create a discourse through Garber's body of work that will help to eradicate the gender inequalities of women in sport media. In contrast with representations of women and racial minorities in mainstream sport media, this paper demonstrates that Garber addressed pertinent social concerns and supplemented dominant ideological content with more inclusive depictions of the population she covered by resisting white, masculine, heteronormative assumptions about which sports and athletes merit attention.1 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drawing on Pete Seeger's song archive and an extensive oral history the author conducted with John Handcox of the Southern Tenant Farmers' Union, this article draws attention to the power of songs and oral poetry as forms of oral history that provide "a way in" to our "emotional history" and that help us to better understand labor and civil rights struggles in the American South. Using examples from the life story of Handcox, the author asks: how can oral historians expand knowledge of the emotional past through the power of songs and oral poetry? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Walter Sullivan (1924-2006), a Nashville, Tennessee native who spent most of his academic and professional life at Vanderbilt University, is generally considered and the Southern Renaissance to which they belong. This essay seeks to position Sullivan's second, largely forgotten novel, The Long, Long Love as part of the post-agrarian, post-Renaissance, postmodern, and post-southern American intellectual reevaluation of the South that questions tradition through an assertion of "pro-New South, pro-urban, and pro-capitalist" values and thoroughly reconsiders Civil War "truths," myths, history, and memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An essay is presented on legal restrictions surrounding the sale and consumption of alcoholic beverages in the U.S. South. Particular focus is given to the author's home state, North Carolina, and to the author's memories of illegal drinking practices and establishments. Details on the patent medicine known as Hadacol, created by Louisiana politician Dudley LeBlanc, are also presented.

Drawing primarily on archival material such as plantation records, this article places the figure of the plantation overseer at the centre of the drama of the American Revolution in the southern colonies. Occupying a contested liminal space within colonial society, between rich and poor, and between the free and the unfree, the overseer was not necessarily the ne'er-do-well of conventional stereotype. This “Predatory War,” however, tested the overseer's loyalties and sense of duty to the fullest extent. Understanding his role in the conflict offers a significant insight into the experience of a plantation society at war. In particular the overseer was caught in the tension between elite and yeomanry, between the conflicting calls of loyalism and the cause of the Patriots. Perhaps most significantly of all he stood at the forefront of the defence of race slavery during the tumult of civil conflict. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Although it can seem paradoxical today that the federal government redistributes from "blue" states where majorities are tolerant of federal taxation to "red" states where they are hostile, the rhetoric was more straightforward in the politics surrounding the adoption of the Sixteenth Amendment a century ago. In fact, Southerners and Westerners demanded the adoption of the federal income tax for the obvious reason that it would benefit their constituents. By exempting income taxation from the apportionment rule that the Constitution specifies for "direct taxes," the Sixteenth Amendment allowed Congress to tax in proportion to the distribution of income rather than the distribution of population. Because of the lopsided geographical distribution of income at the time, this procedure generated lopsided contributions from the high-income states of the Northeast, particularly New York. Yet some Southerners also thought the income tax was potentially dangerous because it would strengthen the federal government, with results that could potentially threaten their oppression of African Americans (disfranchisement, segregation, and rampant lynching). White Southerners worried about the safety of white supremacy in their debates with each other about whether to ratify the Sixteenth Amendment. In the end, however, they ratified enthusiastically, not only because they knew that their states would benefit, but also because they believed, correctly, that Northerners had lost interest in attempting to protect the rights of African Americans. Thus, this milestone in the history of taxation exemplified the irony of the Progressive Era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bill Malone has rightly been known as the dean of country music historians, beginning with the publication of Country Music U.S.A. in 1968. Malone has continually argued that country music had its beginnings in the South and has long remained basically a regional musical style. It is not clear, however, if this should be assumed, since vernacular music, perhaps a better term, has always existed nationwide. This essay makes the argument that studies of country music should take a national approach, focusing in particular on the northern collecting trips of Alan Lomax and numerous other folklorists and scholars, as well as the work of various musicians, including Paul Clayton. Future studies, therefore, should not take the southern focus for granted but should assume a countrywide approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article provides the Georgia Historical Society's (GHS's) annual report for 2013, with a particular focus on the Society's finance. Topics, including the GHS's Georgia history education program, the 175th anniversary of the GHS, its hosting of U.S. a National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) workshop on the history of African American history and culture and the Society's blog titled "Off the Deaton Path," are discussed.

The article discusses the U.S. Electric Home and Farm Authority's (EHFA's) subsidizing electric kitchen appliance industry and its impact modernizing the kitchen in the U.S. Southern States during the 1930s and early 1940s. The role that the EHFA's subsidies had in lowering the cost of electric kitchen appliances is discussed.

Frederick Law Olmsted is widely admired by historians of the nineteenth-century United States and generally regarded as the single most important commentator upon slavery and the South. He toured the southern states in the early 1850s and published a series of reports in the New York Daily Times and the New York Daily Tribune. These articles were subsequently revised and compiled into three books, but it was their publication as a single, edited volume, The Cotton Kingdom (1861), which had the greatest impact. This article revisits perhaps the central insight provided by Olmsted: his criticism of the southern work ethic and the South's reluctance "to work industriously and steadily." It does so within the context of current scholarly interpretations of capitalism in the late antebellum South, where most scholars have taken issue with Olmsted's view, presenting instead a dynamic and hard-working southern workforce. Why did Olmsted take such an overly critical view of the southern work ethic? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An outpouring of historical research has greatly contributed to our understanding of the political, economic, demographic, and business aspects of interregional slave migration in the antebellum period. As yet, however, relatively few studies have examined the assimilation process of slave migrants who were sent to the Lower South. Particularly their adaption to new work patterns and cultivation techniques has eluded the attention of most scholars. What kinds of work did Upper South slave migrants perform upon arrival in the cotton South? How did they adapt to new work? Drawing from a variety of source material, including slave testimonies, this study will very briefly explore cotton cultivation from the perspective of enslaved newcomers from the Upper South. It will especially delve into the abrupt transition with which interstate migrants in the antebellum period were confronted, comparing and contrasting the demands of plantation agriculture in both regions and underscoring the learning curves involved in migrants' assimilation process. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The antislavery activity of the religious fringe of Atlantic Presbyterianism, Covenanters, has been neglected. Covenanters produced longstanding articulations of antislavery rooted in seventeenth-century Scotland. In America, Covenanters created an ignored alternative to traditional paradigms of slavery debates. They were antislavery Biblical literalists. In the American South, their support of the American Colonization Society (ACS) was an attempt to maintain their faith, and they believed the ACS was their brainchild. Everywhere, Covenanters utilized antislavery to maintain connection to their Old World religious traditions. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A bibliography on the topic of Southern U.S. history is presented, which includes the books "Jefferson's Louisiana: Politics and the Clash of Legal Traditions," by George Dargo, "Geologic History of Florida: Major Events That Formed the Sunshine State," by Albert C. Hine, and "True Tales of the Texas Frontier: Eight Centuries of Adventure and Surprise," by C. Herndon Williams.

The TVA has been applauded for its anti-malaria programs in the Southeast during the 1930s and 1940s. However, the TVA developed their anti-malaria programs because they created lakes suitable for mosquito breeding. To estimate the relationship between the TVA and malaria, I construct a county-level panel data from the Southeast United States. I find that the net effect of the TVA was to increase malaria rates following its construction. Using statistical life value estimates, I find that the hidden malaria cost of the TVA offset 24 percent of the fiscal stimulus multiplier generated by the TVA. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Frances Euphemia Thompson (c. 1896-1992) taught art education at what is now Tennessee State University in Nashville, from summer 1922 until her retirement in 1969. She was appointed Professor in 1944 and Professor Emerita in 1974. The Tennessee Department of Education published Art in the Elementary Schools: A Manual for Teachers, based on her bachelor's thesis from Massachusetts School of Art, to help classroom teachers, chiefly in rural African American communities, carry out a functional art programme. I am a White art educator, working in the twenty-first century, carrying the 'invisible knapsack' of White privilege. The contents of that knapsack shape my interpretation of Thompson's art learning and teaching. As an art educator doing historical research, I carry other invisible knapsacks: assumptions about art education, what history is and can be. These values and beliefs contribute to the paradox of historical interpretation. How and under what circumstances did Thompson's identity as an African American art educator matter in her professional contributions? In order to answer this question and interpret the life experience of African American art educator from the last century, I must unpack my invisible knapsacks. I will compare my White privilege with Thompson's experiences in the segregated south, and discuss challenges of using culturally and historically appropriate language. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For free black women in the pre-Civil War American South, the status offered by ‘freedom’ was uncertain and malleable. The conceptualization of bondage and freedom as two diametrically opposed conditions therefore fails to make sense of the complexities of life for these women. Instead, notions of enslavement and freedom are better framed as a spectrum. This article develops this idea by exploring two of the ways in which some black women negotiated their status before the law—namely though petitioning for residency or for enslavement. While these petitions are atypical numerically, and often offer tantalizingly scant evidence, when used in conjunction with evidence from the US census, it becomes clear that these women were highly pragmatic. Prioritizing their spousal and broader familial affective relationships above their legal status, they rejected the often theoretical distinction between slavery and liberation. As such, the petitions can be used to reach broader conclusions about the attitudes of women who have left little written testimony. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article proposes a theoretical model for what I call the “Atlantic borderlands.” The Atlantic borderlands model is created by integrating the borderlands and the Atlantic world theory into a single construct. The primary purpose of this article is to argue that the Atlantic borderlands were real places and that this historical model can serve to shed much light on the history of Africa, the Americas, and Europe during the early modern era and nineteenth century. In the course of making this argument, I will examine the genealogies of both fields. Then I will offer definitions of borderlands and the Atlantic world, before defining the Atlantic borderlands and then comparing it with alternative theoretical models. The second half of this article uses the North American southeast during the colonial and Revolutionary periods as an extended example of the Atlantic borderlands in action. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A bibliography of several periodical articles about Southern U.S. history in 2012 is presented, including "Finding the Southern Family in the Civil War" by Jane Turner Censer in "Journal of Social History," "The Struggle Begins Early: Head Start and the Mississippi Freedom Movement" by Jon N. Hale in "History of Education Quarterly, and "Nikki Giovanni: Literary Survivor Across Centuries" by Trudier Harris in "Appalacian Heritage."

The article offers information on the 2012 annual meeting of the organization "Southern Historical Association" in Mobile, Alabama. Topics include the impact of Hurricane Sandy on the attendance of conference presenters, the death of historian Robert Chance, and the presentation of the John W. Blassingame Award to historian Alton Hornsby, Jr.

Despite growing reliance on census data for historical research in the United States, there has been little systematic evaluation of census quality. This article relies on back-projection methods, new estimates of nineteenth-century mortality, and the 1850-1940 Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) samples to estimate age- and sex-specific net census underenumeration of the native-born white population in the United States in the 1850-1930 censuses. National and section of birth estimates are constructed. In general, the results suggest slightly higher net undercounts for native-born white males relative to native-born white females, slightly higher net undercounts in the South, and a modest trend toward greater census coverage over time. A few censuses stand out as anomalous. The 1870 census suffered a higher net rate of omission than any other census. The net undercount was especially high in the South, probably reflecting the unsettled conditions in the aftermath of the American Civil War. The net undercount was not nearly as great as nineteenth-century observers speculated and subsequent historians have long believed, however. The 1880 census appears to have achieved the most complete coverage of the native-born white population before 1940. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The author discusses the effect of social and cultural conditions in the U.S. South and West in the 1960s and 1970s on the popularity of country-rock music groups such as the Eagles. U.S. popular culture, regional trends in music, and music critics such as Reebee Garofalo are mentioned, as well as the political influences and Western literature on country music. Eagles albums such as "Desperado" and "One of These Nights" are also mentioned.

Several pieces of information are provided related to historical societies and the study of the U.S. Southern States' history, including conferences, obituaries, awards, prizes and grants. Information on the Southern Historical Association's seventy-ninth meeting to be held at the Millennium Hotel in St. Louis, Missouri from October 31-November 2, 2013 is presented. The history book author Rebecca Sharpless's receipt of the Bennett H. Wall Award is announced. An obituary for the intellectual and scholar of the U.S. Southern States Eugene Dominick Genovese is also presented.

The article discusses the residents of U.S. Southern States' efforts to prevent railroad trains from passing through their towns in the later 19th century so as to prevent the yellow fever epidemic from spreading there. An overview of Southern cities' municipal governments' instituting of quarantines, including in Jacksonville, Florida, is provided. The role that yellow fever played in the Southern States' economic conditions, including the impact of quarantines on railroad travel, is discussed.

An essay is presented which discusses the status of the U.S. Southerner as the other, deriving from a history in which race relations between African Americans and whites putatively separated the U.S. Southern States from the rest of the country. An overview of the history of U.S. Southern States' culture from 1619 through 2012, including the region's alleged hospitality, gender relations and religion, is provided

The article discusses the history of the concubinage of enslaved black women in the U.S. Southern States. Topics include sexual assaults against enslaved women, the social and economic significance of lighter skin color among slaves of mixed race, and domestic labor performed by concubines. Also addressed are the reactions of white wives to the practice of concubinage, the relation of adultery to laws against interracial marriage, and violent acts committed against slaves who refused to engage in sexual relations with their masters.

The history of postal service during the Civil War is surprisingly underdeveloped, and little is known about the Confederate Post Office Department. It labored under a strict mandate to achieve fiscal self-sufficiency, to which all other service rationales were subordinate. This policy, in conjunction with a multitude of war-related privations, hampered the Department's ability to foster the substantive or reliable circulation of information, complicating the process of democratic nation-building in which postal services have historically played an important role. After examining reports of the Confederate Postmaster General, coverage of postal operations in Southern newspapers, scholarship in state and local historical publications, and the study of philately, the implications of the Confederacy's fixation on the economic performance of its postal service might well serve as a cautionary tale as the practices of modern media policymaking evolve along similar lines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]