486 results on '"Nasal secretion"'
Search Results
152. Sampling of nasal secretions for flow-cytometric analysis in inflammatory diseases of the nose and paranasal sinuses
- Author
-
Aleksandar Perić, Aleksandar Vujović, Snežana Živančević-Simonović, Milanko Milojević, Danilo Vojvodic, and Nenad Mladenović
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,First line ,General Medicine ,respiratory system ,Nasal secretion ,Mucus ,Inflammatory mediator ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Paranasal sinuses ,Immunology ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Medicine ,Sampling (medicine) ,business ,Nose ,Nasal fluid - Abstract
Nasal secretions represent the first line of defense medium, in which the leucocytes probably act as an efficient part of the defense mechanism along with the mucociliary transport system and the biochemical properties of the mucus. The aim of this review article is to introduce all techniques for nasal secretion sampling used up to now. We described aspiration, absorption, and dilution techniques for nasal fluid collection. We, also, noted all limitations of these techniques. We especially described absorption technique with its advantages and limitations. Furthermore, we described a technique for nasal fluid samples preparation and for inflammatory mediator measurement - flow cytometry bead-based multiple analyte detection. Nasal secretion content reflects the inflammatory status of the nasal/paranasal sinuses mucosa and the evolution of mucosal disease. more...
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
153. Identification of Body Fluid Stains Using Real-time RT-PCR: Discrimination Between Salivary, Nasal, and Vaginal Secretions
- Author
-
Ken Watanabe, Tomoko Akutsu, Sachio Miyasaka, Kentaro Kasai, and Koichi Sakurada
- Subjects
Body fluid ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Saliva ,Real-time polymerase chain reaction ,business.industry ,Immunology ,Medicine ,Identification (biology) ,Nasal secretion ,business ,Vaginal secretion - Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
154. The Role of Nasal Cytology in the Management of Inferior Turbinate Hypertrophy
- Author
-
A. Maselli Del Giudice, Lucio Lo Russo, Michele Cassano, Giuseppe Russo, and Giorgio Ciprandi
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Adolescent ,Neutrophils ,Visual analogue scale ,Cytodiagnosis ,Non-allergic rhinitis ,Immunology ,Cell Count ,Nasal secretion ,Turbinates ,Gastroenterology ,Muscle hypertrophy ,Young Adult ,Internal medicine ,Eosinophilia ,Hypersensitivity ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,In patient ,Mast Cells ,Aged ,Rhinitis ,Aged, 80 and over ,Pharmacology ,Medical treatment ,business.industry ,Hypertrophy ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,Predictive factor ,Eosinophils ,Nasal cytology ,Anesthesia ,Female ,Nasal Obstruction ,business - Abstract
Inferior turbinate hypertrophy (ITH) is the main cause of nasal obstruction symptom. This study aimed at investigating whether a particular cellular pattern could be a predictive factor for failure of medical treatment for ITH in patients with rhinitis. Globally, 258 patients with chronic nasal obstruction due to ITH were evaluated by: visual analogue scale assessment of symptoms, skin prick tests, fiber-endoscopy, active anterior rhinomanometry, and nasal cytology. All patients were treated with drugs for 3 months and then re-evaluated. The symptom improvement depended on the different cellular pattern. There was improvement in: 54 (51.4 percent) patients with allergic rhinitis, 72 (69.2 percent) with non-allergic rhinitis with neutrophils (NARNE), 15 (42.8 percent) with non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophils (NARES), and 9 (64.3 percent) with non-allergic rhinitis with mast cells/non-allergic rhinitis with eosinophils and mast cells (NARMA/NARESMA). The non-responders (108; 41.9 percent) were therefore directed towards surgical treatment. Both patients with allergic rhinitis and patients affected by NARES had a higher failure rate to medical treatment compared with NARMA and NARESMA groups (pless than0.01). In conclusion, elevated number of eosinophils, in the nasal secretion of both allergic (allergic rhinitis) and non-allergic (NARES) patients with ITH, can be associated to a higher medical treatment failure rate. more...
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
155. Importance of determination of inflammatory mediators in nasal secretion for estimation of the inflammation intensity in allergic rhinitis'
- Author
-
Špadijer-Mirković, Cveta, Perić, Aleksandar, Živić, Ljubica, Baletić, Nenad, Vojvodić, Danilo, and Gajović, Olgica
- Subjects
Allergic Rhinitis ,Inflammation ,chronic Rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps ,hronični polipozni rinosinuzitis ,Alergijski rinitis ,inflamacija ,nasal secretion ,nosni sekret ,topikalni kortikosterodi ,topical corticosteroids - Abstract
Clara cell protein 16 (CC 16), hemokin CCL5 (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted-RANTES), CCL24 (eotaksin-2) kao i eozinofilni katjonski protein (eosinophil cationic protein-ECP) su medijatori zapaljenske reakcije, čije se koncentracije mogu izmeriti u nosnom sekretu. U ovoj studiji su ispitivani nivoi SS 16 proteina, markera očuvanosti integriteta epitela nosne sluznice, hemokina RANTES i CCL24, glavnog medijatora hemotakse eozinofila, kao i enzima ECP, glavnog indikatora aktivnosti eozinofila u nosnom sekretu pacijenata sa alergijskim rinitisom, kao i kod alergičnih i nealargičnih pacijenata sa hroničnim polipoznim rinosinuzitisom. Cilj istraživanja je da se odredi medijator koji najbolje odražava stanje zapaljenja nosne sluznice, kao i reakciju sluznice nosa nakon primene lokalne kortikosteroidne terapije. Metode. U studiju je uključeno osamdesetoro ispitanika sa hroničnim zapaljenjem sluzokože nosa i paranazalnih sinusa, od čega je 20 pacijenata sa dijagnostikovanim sezonskim alergijskim rinitisom, 20 pacijenata sa perenijalnim (perzistentnim) alergijskim rinitisom, 20 pacijenta kod kojih je alergijski rinitis udružen sa hroničnim polipoznim rinosinuzitisom i 20 nealergičnih pacijenata sa hroničnim polipoznim rinosinuzitisom. Kontrolnu grupu je činilo 20 ispitanika sa klinički zdravom sluznicom nosa. Svim ispitanicima je uzet uzorak nosne sluznice za citološku analizu u cilju određivanja broja eozinofila. Koncentracije medijatora inflamacje CC16 , ECP,CCL24 i RANTES su merene u uzorcima nosnog sekreta ELISA metodom. Uzorci nosnog sekreta svim bolesnicima su uzimani pre i nakon intranazalne primene flutikazon - furoata spreja tokom 14 dana. Pacijenti su klinički klasifikovani na osnovu nosnog simptom skora, primenom testa SNOT-22 (sinonasal outcome test-22), kao i na osnovu rinoskopskog i endoskopskog nalaza u nosu. Rezultati. Dobijene vrednosti su pokazale statistični značajne razlike na nivou simptoma, endoskopskog nalaza, procenata eozinofila u uzorcima nosne sluznice, kao i vrednosti medijatora inflamacije (ECP, CC16, SSL24, RANTES) u nosnom sekretu, pre i nakon lokalne kortikosteroidne terapije, kako kod pacijenata sa alergijskim rinitisom tako i kod pacijenata sa hroničnim polipoznim rinosinuzitisom. Statistički značajne razlike su dobijene u svim grupama pacijenata, osim u grupi sa sezonskim AR. Dvonedeljna intranazalna primena flutikazon furoata dovela je do visoko značajnog povećanja koncentracije CC16 (p more...
- Published
- 2016
156. Reliability Assessment of the Endoscopic Examination in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis
- Author
-
Marc Mourad, Georges Ziade, Elie Alam, Abdul-Latif Hamdan, Reem Karami, Ghina Fakhri, and Usama M. Hadi
- Subjects
lcsh:Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,ARIA guidelines ,nasal obstruction ,Disease ,Nasal endoscopy ,Nasal endoscope ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,In patient ,nasal secretion ,Prospective cohort study ,Mild disease ,Asthma ,allergic rhinitis ,reliability ,business.industry ,congestion ,inter-rater variability ,Articles ,medicine.disease ,lcsh:Otorhinolaryngology ,Dermatology ,lcsh:RF1-547 ,Otorhinolaryngology ,postnasal drip ,Mucosal edema ,mucosal edema ,business ,lcsh:RC581-607 - Abstract
Objective To study if nasal endoscope can be a reliable tool in assessing patients with allergic rhinitis. Materials and Methods A prospective study. Patients who were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis underwent a nasal endoscopic examination performed by two physicians blinded to the scoring of each other. A correlation was made among symptom severity, endoscopic findings, and interrater variability. Results Ninety patients were included in the study: 34 patients had mild disease and 56 had moderate-to-severe allergic rhinitis according to the Allergic Rhinitis and its Impact on Asthma guidelines. Increases in mucosal edema and bluish discoloration were predictive of the severity of allergic rhinitis disease (p < 0.05). The presence of nasal secretions was not predictive of allergic rhinitis. Interrater reliability was fair for mucosal edema, moderate-to-almost perfect for the rest of the endoscopic findings. Conclusion Nasal endoscopy may reveal signs that are predictive of the severity of allergic rhinitis. A detailed checklist is needed for the nasal endoscopic examination to decrease interrater variability. more...
- Published
- 2016
157. In-house and commercial and bovine dander extracts in the diagnostics of allergic occupational diseases
- Author
-
Hille Suojalehto, Anne Puustinen, Liisa Airaksinen, Paula Pallasaho, and Irmeli Lindström
- Subjects
Allergy ,Dander ,biology ,business.industry ,medicine.medical_treatment ,Nasal secretion ,Immunoglobulin E ,medicine.disease_cause ,medicine.disease ,Nasal provocation test ,Contact urticaria ,Allergen ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Medicine ,business ,Asthma - Abstract
Background: The inconsistency of commercial bovine dander extracts hampers the diagnostics of IgE-mediated occupational allergies. Aim: Aim was to investigate whether the in-house extract improves the diagnostics of occupational immediate allergies and reveals new information regarding bovine allergens. Methods: Altogether 102 patients with a suspected bovine-related occupational rhinitis, asthma and/or contact urticaria underwent skin-prick tests (SPTs) with in-house and available commercial bovine dander extracts. The nasal provocation test (NPT) was performed on 31 of the patients to confirm possible occupational rhinitis. The score changes of ≥ 4 point in the bilateral nasal secretion and blockage seen in anterior rhinoscopy were considered positive. Specific IgE- protein reactions from the serums of patients with positive NPTs were studied and allergens were identified from the strongest immunoblot bands using tandem mass spectrometry. Results: The in-house SPT extract yielded more positive reactions (≥ 3mm wheal) than the two commercial agents (44% vs 34% and 11%, p=0.006 and 0.001 respectively). Of the 21 patients who underwent NPTs to both in-house and commercial extract, 13 (62%) reacted only to the in-house extract, whereas five (24%) reacted to both extracts (p Conclusions: The rich allergen content of allergen extracts improves the diagnostic accuracy of immediate allergies to bovine dander. In-house bovine dander extracts are needed in the diagnostics of occupational allergies. more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
158. Secretory and Systemic Cell-Mediated and Humoral Immune Response in Humans and Guinea Pigs to the Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccine
- Author
-
Waldman, R. H., Gadol, N., Jurgensen, P. F., Olsen, G. N., Johnson, J. E., III, Kohn, Alexander, editor, and Klingberg, Marcus A., editor
- Published
- 1972
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
159. Immunoglobulin Polymorphism as an Example of Molecular Differentiation in Macroorganisms. Mutual Allelic Exclusion
- Author
-
Grubb, R., Kleinzeller, A., editor, Springer, G. F., editor, Wittmann, H. G., editor, and Grubb, R.
- Published
- 1970
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
160. Rhinoviruses
- Author
-
Tyrrell, D. A. J., Gard, S., editor, Hallauer, C., editor, Meyer, K. F., editor, Hull, R. N., and Tyrrell, D. A. J.
- Published
- 1968
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
161. Immunoglobulin Formation and Function in Different Tissues
- Author
-
Heremans, Joseph F., Arber, W., editor, Braun, W., editor, Cramer, F., editor, Haas, R., editor, Henle, W., editor, Hofschneider, P. H., editor, Jerne, N. K., editor, Koldovsky, P., editor, Koprowski, H., editor, Maaløe, O., editor, Rott, R., editor, Schweiger, H.-G., editor, Sela, M., editor, Syruček, L., editor, Vogt, P. K., editor, and Wecker, E., editor more...
- Published
- 1968
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
162. Interferon Formation in Man under Normal and Pathological Conditions
- Author
-
Solov’ev, V. D., Bektemirov, T. A., Solov’ev, V. D., and Bektemirov, T. A.
- Published
- 1973
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
163. The Role of the Secretory Immune System in Protection against Agents Which Infect the Respiratory Tract
- Author
-
Waldman, R. H., Ganguly, R., Mestecky, Jiri, editor, and Lawton, Alexander R., editor
- Published
- 1974
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
164. The Effectiveness of Local Gentamicin and Dexamethasone Drops in Posterior Choanoplasty
- Author
-
Bandar Al Qahtani and Yazeed Al Suliman
- Subjects
Otorhinolaryngology ,business.industry ,Anesthesia ,medicine ,Adhesion (medicine) ,Gentamicin ,Choanal atresia ,Nasal secretion ,Prospective cohort study ,medicine.disease ,business ,Dexamethasone ,medicine.drug - Abstract
This prospective study is to evaluate the effectiveness of using local gentamicin and steroid drops as a new technique on the success rate of choanal atresia repair in children. The usage of local gentamicin and steroid drops postoperation seems to increase the success rate of posterior choanoplasty. It is a minimally invasive, easily tolerated by both the patients and the parents. It reduces the time of surgery and patients stay in the hospital and reduces the nasal secretion, crustation and adhesion. How to cite this article Al Qahtani B, Al Suliman Y. The Effectiveness of Local Gentamicin and Dexamethasone Drops in Posterior Choanoplasty. Clin Rhinol An Int J 2012;5(3): 87-90. more...
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
165. Ramsay Hunt syndrome
- Author
-
Michael Max Sachse, Gunnar Wagner, and Harald Klinge
- Subjects
business.industry ,Ramsay Hunt syndrome ,Herpes Zoster Oticus ,Acyclovir ,Sensory system ,Dermatology ,Nasal secretion ,Anastomosis ,Antiviral Agents ,Facial muscles ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Adrenal Cortex Hormones ,Anesthesia ,Cervical Nerve ,medicine ,Humans ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Paresis - Abstract
Ramsay Hunt syndrome is defined as herpes zoster oticus associated with an acute peripheral facial nerve paresis and quite often with other cranial nerve lesions. The combination of motor, sensory and autonomic involvement leads to a variety of neurological damage patterns, i. e. facial muscle paresis, hearing and balance disorders, sensory problems and disturbances of taste as well as lacrimal and nasal secretion. Additional variability of the clinical picture of Ramsay Hunt syndrome is produced by varying patterns of skin involvement explained by individual anastomoses between cranial and cervical nerves. Knowledge of these findings and an early diagnosis of Ramsay Hunt syndrome are important as prognosis of cranial nerve damage depends on the time at which acyclovir-corticosteroid therapy is started. more...
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
166. Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke and Absence from Work in Women in Niš, Serbia
- Author
-
Aleksandra Stanković, Maja Nikolić, and Mirjana Arandelovic
- Subjects
Adult ,Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Passive smoking ,Respiratory Tract Diseases ,Nasal secretion ,medicine.disease_cause ,Tobacco smoke ,Environmental health ,Absenteeism ,Prevalence ,medicine ,Humans ,Respiratory system ,Risk factor ,Sinusitis ,Nose ,Environmental tobacco smoke exposure ,business.industry ,Incidence ,Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health ,Environmental Exposure ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,medicine.disease ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Educational Status ,Women's Health ,Female ,Tobacco Smoke Pollution ,business ,Serbia - Abstract
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke leads to very serious health effects, especially on the respiratory system. The objective of this paper was to estimate the influence of passive smoking on absence from work because of respiratory problems in women. The study sample consisted of 497 women aged 40-56 who live in an area with identical outdoor air pollution. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure was recorded in 346 women. Data about respiratory symptoms in women were entered into a structured questionnaire. Statistics tests showed no significant difference of living conditions, keeping pets, hereditary predisposition among women. The occurrence of congested nose (OR = 3.47; 95% Cl = 1.38-9.01), nasal secretion (OR = 3.48; 95% Cl = 1.38-9.02) and sinusitis (OR = 2.88; 95% Cl = 1.22-6.89) was significantly higher in women who were exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Primary health care need for respiratory symptoms due to the effect of passive smoking is higher in the exposed women. Passive smoking can be a risk factor for the appearance of respiratory symptoms and illness in women that causes absence from work. more...
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
167. Elevated Levels of Interleukin-33 in the Nasal Secretions of Patients with Allergic Rhinitis
- Author
-
Nobuyoshi Otori, Hiroshi Moriyama, Daiya Asaka, Tsuguhisa Nakayama, Tsuyoshi Yoshimura, and Mamoru Yoshikawa
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ,Cryptomeria ,Immunology ,Nasal secretion ,Immune system ,Animals ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Medicine ,business.industry ,Interleukins ,Pyroglyphidae ,Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ,Interleukin ,General Medicine ,Allergens ,Immunoglobulin E ,Middle Aged ,Interleukin-33 ,Interleukin 33 ,Nasal Mucosa ,Pollen ,Female ,business - Abstract
Background: Interleukin (IL)-33, which is a member of the IL-1 family of cytokines, is now recognized as an important contributor to Th2-type immune responses. We examined whether the levels of IL-33 in sera and nasal secretions are upregulated in allergic rhinitis (AR) patients, and we tested for correlations between the IL-33 level and the parameters of atopy and the nasal symptom score. Methods: The study included 24 Japanese cedar pollinosis patients (12 male and 12 female patients with a mean age of 47.7 years) with a history of moderate-to-severe AR, 14 house-dust-mite-sensitized patients with AR (9 male and 5 female patients with a mean age of 42 years) and 8 normal controls. We used Japan Rhinoconjunctivitis Quality-of-Life Questionnaire sheets to evaluate the nasal symptoms. We collected sera and nasal secretions to examine the level of IL-33 protein by ELISA. Results: IL-33 protein was not detected in the serum of any of the subjects. However, the IL-33 level in nasal secretions was significantly elevated in patients with Japanese cedar pollinosis at peak season and in patients with perennial AR compared to Japanese cedar pollinosis patients at preseason and the normal controls. Furthermore, IL-33 in nasal secretions correlated significantly with the total nasal symptom score. Conclusions: Our results suggest that IL-33 in nasal secretions may be related to exacerbation of AR, including that of Japanese cedar pollinosis cases. more...
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
168. Infecção rickettsial em Cerro Largo, Rio Grande do Sul
- Author
-
Maria Ogrzewalska, R.B. Hilger, Marcelo Bahia Labruna, L. A. Sangioni, Gustavo Cauduro Cadore, R. Tonim, F.F.S. Vogel, and Richard de Campos Pacheco
- Subjects
BACTERIOLOGIA ,Veterinary medicine ,General Veterinary ,Prevalence ,Nasal secretion ,Biology ,Tick ,biology.organism_classification ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Spotted fever ,Titer ,Rickettsiosis ,medicine ,Seroprevalence ,lcsh:Animal culture ,Generalized body aches ,lcsh:SF1-1100 - Abstract
species are capable of infecting vertebrates including humans, to whom they are vectored mostly by ticks (Weinert et al., 2009). In 2005, there was the first reported case of spotted fever group (SFG) rickettsiosis in Rio Grande do Sul, in a patient from Cerro Largo municipality who developed headache, arthralgia, generalized body aches, nasal secretion, and fever 20 days after a tick bite on his back. Since only one serum sample was collected from this patient (during the acute phase), which reacted positively (titer >64) against more...
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
169. Biophysical mechanisms of dehydration of nasal cavity secretion in inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract
- Author
-
I. I. Chernushevich, V. V. Shabalin, G. P. Zaharova, T. A. Aleksanyan, and G. S. Maltseva
- Subjects
Inflammation ,Nasal cavity ,Dehydration ,business.industry ,Nasal secretion ,medicine.disease ,Biological fluid ,Trachea ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Immunology ,Biological fluids ,medicine ,Humans ,Secretion ,Larynx ,Nasal Cavity ,business ,Respiratory Tract Infections ,Respiratory tract - Abstract
The purpose of the study is an experimental-theoretical study of the mechanisms of structuring the secretion of the nasal cavity, in the process of its dehydration in inflammatory diseases of the upper respiratory tract. The work shows the general patterns of dehydration of natural biological fluids and their model solutions. Simulation of dehydration of the secret allowed us to identify the most informative parameters of changes in its composition in pathology and to develop criteria for diagnosing the inflammatory process of the VDP using the wedge-shaped dehydration method. The study clarified the mechanisms of dehydration of biological fluid, which expanded the possibilities of diagnosing diseases of the VDP.Цель исследования - экспериментально-теоретическое изучение механизмов структуризации секрета полости носа в процессе его дегидратации при воспалительных заболеваниях верхних дыхательных путей (ВДП). В работе показаны общие закономерности дегидратации естественных биологических жидкостей и модельных жидкостей. Моделирование дегидратации секрета позволило выявить наиболее информативные параметры изменения его состава при патологии и разработать критерии диагностики воспалительного процесса ВДП с помощью метода клиновидной дегидратации. Исследование уточнило механизмы дегидратации биологической жидкости, что расширило возможности диагностики заболеваний ВДП. more...
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
170. Prevalence of oxacillin/methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated in the nursing staff
- Author
-
Mayra Gonçalves Menegueti, Daiana Patrícia Marchetti Pio, Fernanda Maria Vieira Pereira, João Paulo de Freitas, Letícia Pimenta Lopes, and Elucir Gir
- Subjects
lcsh:RT1-120 ,Nasal cavity ,Staphylococcus aureus ,Saliva ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Nursing staff ,lcsh:Nursing ,business.industry ,Enfermagem ,Nasal secretion ,medicine.disease_cause ,University hospital ,Resistência a Meticilina ,Medical Terminology ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,business ,Medical Assisting and Transcription - Abstract
Objective: to estimate the prevalence of oxacillin/methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from saliva and nasal secretion of the nursing staff. Methods: cross-sectional study carried out in specialized units of a university hospital. In total, 600 samples of saliva and nasal secretions were obtained from nursing professionals. Results: of the 100 participants, the growth of Staphylococcus aureus was identified in 43.0% of professionals, 7.0% were resistant to methicillin. Of these Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin, 100.0% were nasal carriers; two professionals were nasal and saliva carriers. All professionals colonized by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were indicated to perform the decolonization protocol in force at the institution of the study; six accepted to follow the protocol and only two presented negative cultures for Staphylococcus aureus after decolonization. Conclusion: the results evidenced the colonization of the nursing staff by Staphylococcus aureus, and the nasal cavity was identified as an important colonization site. Objetivo: estimar a prevalência de Staphylococcus aureus resistente à oxacilina isolado na saliva e em secreção nasal dos profissionais de enfermagem. Métodos: estudo transversal realizado em unidades especializadas de um hospital universitário. No total, 600 amostras de saliva e secreções nasais foram obtidas de profissionais de enfermagem. Resultados: dos 100 participantes, identificou-se o crescimento de Staphylococcus aureus em 43,0% dos profissionais, 7,0% eram resistentes à oxacilina. Desses Staphylococcus aureus resistentes à oxacilina, 100,0% foram carreadores nasais; dois profissionais foram carreadores nasais e na saliva. Todos os profissionais colonizados por Staphylococcus aureus resistente à oxacilina tiveram indicação para realizar o protocolo de descolonização vigente na instituição do estudo, seis aceitaram seguir o protocolo e apenas dois apresentaram culturas negativas para Staphylococcus aureus após a descolonização. Conclusão: os resultados demonstraram a colonização do profissional de enfermagem por Staphylococcus aureus, sendo a cavidade nasal apontada como um importante sítio de colonização. more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
171. Untersuchungen úber den direkten und indirekten Virusnachweis bei der Ornithose der Tauben
- Author
-
G. Monreal
- Subjects
Titer ,General Veterinary ,Acute infection ,Ornithosis virus ,Biology ,Nasal secretion ,Haemolysis ,Molecular biology - Abstract
Zusammenfassung 1 Mit Hilfe des Mauseversuches gelang es, das Ornithosevirus aus dem Nasensekret, dem Augensekret und dem Kot latent oder akut an Orni-those erkrankter Tauben nachzuweisen. 2 Das Ornithosevirus steht atiologisch im Zusammenhang mit dem sogenannten ansteckenden Schnupfen der Reisetauben. 3 Durch die direkte Infektion mit dem Nasensekret schnupfenkranker Tauben konnten heftige akute Krankheitserscheinungen bei Versuchstauben hervorgerufen werden. 4 Latent erkrankte kunstlich infizierte Tauben zeigen komplementbindende Antikorper im Blut nach etwa 12 Tagen p. i. Die Titer steigen bis gegen den 50. Tag an, um dann allmahlich wieder abzufallen. 150 Tage p. i. waren keine Antikorper mehr nachweisbar. Nach einer erneuten Infektion am 150. Tag nach der ersten stiegen die Titer, wenn auch etwas verzogert, wieder an. 5 Durch Reihenuntersuchungen von 102 Taubenbestanden, in denen durch-schnittlich je 5 Tauben (insgesamt 504) stichprobenweise mit Hilfe der KBR auf Ornithose uberpruft wurden, konnten 172 positive, 31 verdachtige und 287 negative Reaktionen ermittelt werden. 14 Proben waren wegen starker Hamolyse zur Untersuchung ungeeignet. Nach dieser Methodik waren 77 der Bestande als infiziert und 8 Bestande als verdachtig fur das Vorliegen von Ornithose anzusehen. Summary Studies on the direct and indirect demonstration of virus in ornithosis in pigeons 1 By the use of mice the ornithosis virus was demonstrated in the nasal and ocular secretions and in the faeces of latent and acute infection in pigeons. 2 The virus is related aetiologically to the so-called infectious coryza of carrier pigeons. 3 By direct infection with the nasal secretion of pigeons suffering from coryza it was possible to produce acute symptoms in experimental pigeons. 4 Experimentally infected pigeons in the latent stage of infection show complement fixing antibodies about 12 days after infection, the titre rises to the 50th day and then slowly declines until 150 days after infection when antibodies can no longer be demonstrated. Re-infection at 180 days causes the titre to rise but to a lesser degree than with the first infection. 5 A serial study of 102 pigeon lofts, from each of which an average of 5 birds (a total of 504) were taken as a sample, was carried out with the complement fixation test. The test was positive in 172 birds, suspicious in 31, negative in 287 and unsuitable because of marked haemolysis in 14. By this method 77 of the lofts were found to be infected and 8 were suspected of being infected with ornithosis. Resume Recherches sur la mise en evidence directe et indirecte du virus de l'ornithose des pigeons 1 Par des essais sur la souris il fut possible de mettre en evidence le virus de l'ornithose en partant des secretions nasales et oculaires ou des excrements de pigeons atteints d'ornithose latente ou aigue. 2 Le virus de l'ornithose a des rapports etiologiques avec la maladie appelee coryza infectieux des pigeons voyageurs. 3 Par infection directe au moyen de secretions nasales de pigeons atteints de coryza infectieux on put produire chez les pigeons d'experience des symptomes aigus tres violents. 4 Des pigeons atteints d'une forme latente suite a une infection artificielle presentent des anticorps deviant le complement environ 12 jours apres l'infection. Les titres montent jusqu'au 50e jour environ pour redescendre ensuite peu a peu. 150 jours apres l'infection aucun anticorps ne pouvait plus etre decele. Apres une nouvelle infection qui eut lieu 150 jours apres la premiere, les titres remonterent, quoiqu'avec un peu de retard. 5 Des examens en serie effectues sur 102 pigeonniers, dans lesquels on prit 5 pigeons au hasard (au total 504) pour les examiner par la reaction de fixation du complement, donnerent 172 reactions positives, 31 douteuses et 287 negatives. 14 echantillons etaient inutilisable a cause d'une forte hemolyse. Selon ce procede 77 pigeonniers doivent etre consideres comme infectes et 8 comme suspects d'ornithose. Resumen Investigaciones sobre la identification directs e indirecta del virus en la ornitosis de las palomas 1 Con ayuda del ensayo en raton se logro identificar el virus de la ornitosis a partir de la secrecion naritica, secrecion ocular y las heces de palomas enfermas, latente o agudamente, de ornitosis. 2 El virus de la ornitosis esta relacionado etiologicamente con el del llamado coriza contagioso de las palomas migratorias. 3 Mediante la infeccion directa con secrecion naritica de palomas enfermas de coriza se pudieron producir sintomas muy agudos en las palomas de experimentacion. 4 Las palomas con enfermedad latente, infectadas artificialmente, presentan anticuerpos fijadores del complemento en la sangre a los 12 dias aproximadamente despues de la inoculacion. Los titulos aumentan hasta el 50° dia, para volver a descender gradualmente. A los 150 dias de la inoculacion ya no se podia identificar ningun anticuerpo. Tras una nueva infeccion en el dia 150°, despues de la primera, aumentaron nuevamente los titulos, aunque de forma algo retrasada. 5 Mediante investigaciones paralelas efectuadas en 102 explotaciones de palomas, en cada una de las cuales se controlo al azar un promedio de 5 aves (en total 504) con ayuda de la reaccion de fijacion del complemento, se estudio la presencia de ornitosis, obteniendose 172 reacciones positivas, 31 sospechosas y 287 negativas. Resultaron inapropiadas 14 pruebas para el estudio, debido a fuerte hemolisis. Segun esta tecnica, 77 de los lotes se deben considerar como infectados y 8 lotes sospechosos en cuanto a presencia de ornitosis. more...
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
172. Ein Beitrag zum Nachweis von Parainfluenza 3-Virusantikörpern aus Serum und Nasensekret von Kälbern und Rindern unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der haemagglutinationshemmenden Antikörper
- Author
-
H J Bengelsdorff and D Bernhardt
- Subjects
business.industry ,International literature ,Medicine ,Nasal secretion ,business ,Molecular biology ,Parainfluenza-3 ,Haemagglutination inhibition - Abstract
Zusammenfassung In vergleichenden Untersuchungen wurden im internationalen Schrifttum beschriebene Haemagglutinationshemmungstechniken zum Nachweis von PI3-Antikorpern gepruft. Dabei ergab sich, das die Beseitigung evtl. Isoagglutinine die Ergebnisse nicht sichtbar beeinfluste. Als nachteilig erwies sich die Verwendung von Rindererythrozyten als Indikatorsystem. Diese einfache Haemagglutinationshemmungstechnik war fur den Antikorpernachweis im Serum und im Nasensekret aktiv wie auch passiv immuner Rinder bzw. Kalber in gleicher Weise geeignet. Summary Demonstration of parainfluenza 3 viral antibodies in serum and nasal excretion of calves and cattle with particular reference to haemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies The haemagglutination inhibition technique for the demonstration of PI3 antibodies was compared with other tests described in the international literature. The results showed that removal of likely iso-agglutinins had no significant effect. The use of cattle erythrocytes as an indicator system was a disadvantage. This simple HI technique was suitable for the demonstration of antibody in the serum and nasal secretion of both actively and passively immunised cattle and calves. Resume Contribution a la mise en evidence des anticorps viraux Parainfluenza 3 dans le serum et la secretion nasale chez le veau et le bovin en tenant compte particulierement des anticorps inhibant l'hemagglutination On trouve la description des techniques d'inhibition de l'hemagglutination pour la mise en evidence des anticorps PI3 dans des publications comparables de la litterature internationale. Il en resulte que l'elimination d'isoagglutinines eventuelles n'influencent pas de facon marquee les resultats. L'emploi d'erythrocytes de bovins comme systeme de reference s'est revele defavorable. Cette technique simple de l'inhibition de l'hemagglutination s'est revelee valable aussi bien pour la mise en evidence des anticorps dans le serum et la secretion nasale que lors de recherches chez des bovins (respectivement des veaux) passivement immunises. Resumen Una contribucion a la identificacion de anticuerpos virales parainfluenza 3 en el suero sanguineo y destilacion nasal de terneros y vacunos bajo la consideracion especial de los anticuerpos inhibidores de la hemoaglutinacion En estudios comparativos se examinaron las tecnicas de inhibicion de la hemoaglutinacion, descritas en la bibliografia internacional, para identificar anticuerpos PI3. Aqui se vio que la eliminacion de eventuales isoaglutininas no influia de forma visible sobre los resultados. Se revelo como desfavorable el empleo de globulos rojos bovinos a modo de sistema indicador. Esta tecnica simple de inhibicion de la hemoaglutinacion resultaba apropiada tanto para identificar anticuerpos en el suero como en la destilacion nasal de vacunos y terneros, inmunes de forma activa y pasiva. more...
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
173. Comparative effects of two different artificial body fluids on Candida albicans adhesion to soft lining materials
- Author
-
Mutlu Özcan, Ovul Kumbuloglu, Guven Ozdemir, Huseyin Kurtulmus, and Caner Vural
- Subjects
Saliva ,Materials science ,Material type ,biology ,technology, industry, and agriculture ,Adhesion ,Nasal secretion ,biology.organism_classification ,Corpus albicans ,law.invention ,Optical microscope ,law ,Ceramics and Composites ,Surface roughness ,Composite material ,Candida albicans ,General Dentistry - Abstract
This study investigated the C. albicans adhesion to cold- and heat-polymerized soft lining materials that were initially incubated in two different artificial body fluids, namely saliva and nasal secretion, and examined the surface roughness the materials (cold and heat polymerized soft liner) tested in vitro. Cold (Visco Gel) and heat-polymerized (Molloplast B) soft liner specimens (N=32, n=8 per group) (10x10x1.5 mm) were randomly produced to express the relationship between surface roughness and contamination, and influence of body fluids, and incubated in 1.5 ml contaminated solutions for 2 h. After fixation, all of materials were evaluated under optical microscope (x400) and SEM. Surface roughness measurements were examined with profilometre for each material. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA, Tukey's HSD and Dunnett T3 tests (alpha=0.05). Material type (p more...
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
174. Respiratory disease and nasal immunoglobulin concentrations in phenytoin-treated epileptic patients
- Author
-
Johan A. Aarli and Nils Erik Gilhus
- Subjects
Phenytoin ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Respiratory Tract Diseases ,Immunoglobulins ,Nasal secretion ,Gastroenterology ,Epilepsy ,Internal medicine ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,In patient ,Respiratory system ,Patient group ,biology ,business.industry ,Respiratory disease ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Nasal Mucosa ,Endocrinology ,Neurology ,biology.protein ,Neurology (clinical) ,Antibody ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Symptoms of respiratory tract disease were recorded for half a year in 32 epileptic patients receiving phenytoin, and in 25 controls. There were 16 patients with normal IgA concentration in serum and nasal secretion, and 16 with a reduced concentration of IgA either in serum or in nasal secretion, or in both. Both groups of patients had significantly more frequent respiratory symptoms than did the controls (P less than 0.01). There was no difference when the patient group with decreased IgA concentrations was compared to that with normal IgA levels. All the four patients with IgA deficiency both in serum and nasal secretion had, however, more frequent symptoms than any of the controls. There was no difference regarding respiratory tract disease in patients taking phenytoin only, compared to those combining phenytoin and other anticonvulsants. IgG and IgM levels in nasal secretion showed no direct relationship to the frequency of respiratory symptoms. more...
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
175. Allerjik rinit patogenezinde IL-21 ve IL-33'ün rolünün araştırılması
- Author
-
Bakiş, Işil, Aydın, Neriman, and Mikrobiyoloji Ana Bilim Dalı
- Subjects
Veterinary Medicine ,Veteriner Hekimliği ,Interleukin 21 ,Interleukin 33 ,Interleukins ,Hypersensitivity ,Pathogens ,Allergy and immunology ,Nasal mucosa ,Nasal secretion ,Rhinitis ,Rhinitis-allergic - Abstract
Allerjik rinit nazal mukozanın enflamatuar bir hastalığıdır. Allerjik rinit; allerjenlere karşı gelişen immünglobülin E (IgE) aracılığıyla ortaya çıkan, Tip I aşırı duyarlılık reaksiyonuna bağlı gelişmektedir. Allerjik reaksiyonlar Th2 (T helper/yardımcı hücresi) hücrelerince kontrol edilir. Allerjik rinit patogenezinde birçok sitokinin rol oynadığı gösterilmektedir. Th2 hücreleri IL-4 (interlökin-4), IL-5, IL-9, IL-13 ve GM-CSF (Granülosit makrofaj koloni uyarıcı faktör) gibi sitokinleri salgılar. Bu sitokinler IgE sentezi, eozinofil ve mast hücreleri gibi hücrelerin aktifleşmesini sağlar. Bu çalışmada allerjik rinit sıçan (rat) modeli oluşturularak patogenezini etkileyen faktörlerden IgE, Ova sIgE, IL-33 ve IL-21'in araştırılması amaçlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada 20 Mart 2014 tarihinde onaylanan 64583101/2014/028 sayılı `Allerjik Rinit Deneysel Hayvan modelinde Thymoquinon'un etkisi'' adlı çalışmadaki sıçanların burun doku parçaları ve çalışmadan artan serum örnekleri kullanıldı. Çalışmaya allerjik rinit oluşturulmuş grupları ile adjuvan ve SF (serum fizyolojik) verilen kontrol grubu alındı. Adnan Menderes Üniversitesi Tıbbi Mikrobiyoloji Anabilim Dalında serum örneklerinde IgE, OVA sIgE, IL-21 ve IL-33; doku örneklerinde IL-21 ve IL-33 seviyeleri ise 'Enzym Immun Assay' (EIA) yöntemiyle belirlendi. Bu çalışmada IL-33'ün dokuda allerjik rinitli (p=0,048) ve kortikosteroid+allerjik rinitli (p=0.035) gruptaki seviyeleri kontrol grubuna göre istatistiksel olarak yüksek bulundu. Ancak IL-21 ve IL-33'ün serum seviyelerinde gruplar arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunmamıştır. Diğer taraftan IL-21'in doku seviyelerinde gruplar arasında istatistiksel bir fark bulunmamasına rağmen allerjik rinitli grubun doku ve serum örnekleri kendi içinde karşılaştırıldığında dokudaki IL-21 seviyesi serum örneklerine göre istatistiksel olarak daha yüksek bulundu. Serumdaki IgE seviyesi kontrol grubu hem allerjik rinitli grup (p=0,009) hem de kortikosteroid+allerjik rinitli gruba (p=0,011) göre istatistiksel olarak yüksek bulundu. Bu çalışmada sonuç olarak IL-33 ve IL-21' in allerjik rinit patogenezinde rolünün olduğu ve allerjik rinitli dokuda daha yüksek seviyelerde sentezlendiği belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca IL-21'in IgE serum seviyesinin aşağı regülasyonu yönünde etkisi olduğu düşünülmektedir.Anahtar Kelimeler: Allerjik rinit, İnterlökin-21, İnterlökin-33, IL-21, IL-33 Allergic rhinitis is an inflammatory disease of nasal mucosa. Allergic rhinitis is resulted from Type I hypersensitivity reactions which are caused by allergen-derived immunoglobulin E (IgE). Allergic reactions are controlled by Th2 (T-helper cell). It was shown that many that several cytokines are involved in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis. Th2 cells produce cytokines such as; IL-4 (interleukin 4), IL- 5, IL -9, IL - 13, GM -CSF and (granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor). These cytokines allow IgE synthesis and the activation of cells such as mast cells and eosinophils. In this study, it was aimed to investigate some factors affecting the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis: IgE, Ova sIgE, IL-33 and IL-21 by using a created rat model.In this study, serum samples and nasal tissue were acquired from an early confirmed study 64583101/2014/028 on March 20, 2014 named as `The Effect of Thymoquinone in Allergic Rhinitis Experimental Animal Model`. The study was included two groups: the study group was consisted of animals with allergic rhinitis and adjuvant/saline (serum physiologic) treated was control group. The study was performed in Adnan Menderes University Medical Microbiology Department, IgE, OVA SIG, IL -21 and IL- 33 levels were investigated in serum samples; IL-21 and IL- 33 levels were investigated in tissue samples by Enzyme Immune Assay (EIA).It was found that tissue IL-33 level in both of allergic rhinitis (p=0,048) and corticosteroid+allergic rhinitis groups (p=0.035) were statistically higher than in control group. However there was no statistically significant difference in terms of serum IL-21 and IL-33 levels between groups. Despite finding no statistically significant difference in term of tissue IL-21 level, there was a statistically significant difference when the serum and tissue IL-21 levels were compared in allergic rhinitis group; IL-21 levels in tissue samples were higher than in serum samples. Serum IgE level of control group was found significantly higher in both allergic rhinitis group (p=0,009) and corticosteroid+allergic rhinitis group (p=0,011).This study concludes that IL-33 and IL-21 have a role in the pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis; they were synthesized in higher levels in allergic rhinitis tissue. Additionally, it was thought that IL-21 had a role in down regulation of serum IgE level.Keywords: Allergic rhinitis, Interleukin 21, Interleukin 33, IL-21, IL-33 78 more...
- Published
- 2016
176. Prevalence of gram-positive bacteria in patients with HIV in specialized services
- Author
-
Elucir Gir, Letícia Pimenta Lopes, Lílian Andreia Fleck Reinato, Ana Elisa Ricci Lopes, and Silvia Rita Marin da Silva Canini
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Saliva ,Klebsiella pneumoniae ,Population ,RT1-120 ,Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) ,Nursing ,Nursing research ,Pesquisa em enfermagem ,Nasal secretion ,medicine.disease_cause ,Teaching hospital ,Bacterial infections ,Internal medicine ,medicine ,In patient ,Serviço hospitalar de enfermagem ,education ,Nursing service, hospital ,Advanced and Specialized Nursing ,education.field_of_study ,biology ,business.industry ,Pseudomonas aeruginosa ,Bactérias gram-negativas ,HIV ,biology.organism_classification ,Surgery ,Medical–Surgical Nursing ,Infecções bacterianas ,Gram-negative bacteria ,HIV-1 ,business - Abstract
Resumo Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência de bactérias gram-negativas em portadores de HIV internados em serviço especializado. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo de corte transversal, foram abordados 365 indivíduos internados em duas unidades especializadas, de um hospital escola do interior paulista, sendo a população composta por 220 sujeitos. Os dados sociodemográficos e clínicos e foram obtidos por meio de entrevista individual e consulta aos prontuários. Coletaram-se também amostras de saliva e secreção nasal nas primeiras 24 horas de internação. Resultados: A prevalência de bactérias gram-negativas em portadores de HIV foi de 14,5 % independente do sítio onde foi isolado. Pseudomonas aeruginosa foi o microorganismo mais frequentemente isolado, seguida por Klebsiella pneumoniae. Conclusão: A identificação de bactérias gram-negativas foi maior na saliva (11,8%) que na secreção nasal (3,6%), indicando que coletar amostras de mais de um sítio pode favorecer a identificação de indivíduos colonizados e ou infectados. Abstract Objective: To identify the prevalence of gram-positive bacteria in patients with HIV and who are hospitalized in specialized services. Methods: The present cross-sectional study approached 365 patients admitted in two specialized units of a teaching hospital located in the countryside of the state of São Paulo. The population was composed of 220 subjects. Sociodemographic and clinical data were obtained by means of individual interviews and medical record analysis. Saliva and nasal secretion were collected in the first 24 hours of the hospitalization process. Results: The prevalence of gram-negative bacteria in patients with HIV reached 14.5%, regardless of the site of their isolation. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was the most frequently isolated microorganism, followed by Klebsiella pneumoniae. Conclusion: The identification level of gram-negative bacteria was higher in the saliva (11.8%) than in the nasal secretion (3.6%), thus indicating that the collection of samples in more than one site may favor the identification of colonized and/or infected individuals. more...
- Published
- 2015
177. Detection of the BLV provirus from nasal secretion and saliva samples using BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR-2: Comparison with blood samples from the same cattle
- Author
-
Ayumu Ohno, Miwa Nakano, Satoshi Haga, Yuri Kitamura-Muramatsu, Hiroshi Ishizaki, Kazuhiro Matoba, Susumu Saito, Hironobu Murakami, Shin-nosuke Takeshima, Yoko Aida, and Yuan Yuan
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,Saliva ,Bodily Secretions ,animal diseases ,viruses ,Nasal secretion ,Biology ,Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Proviruses ,Virology ,Leukemia Virus, Bovine ,Animals ,Mouth ,Bovine leukemia virus ,Neoplastic disease ,virus diseases ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,Provirus ,Enzootic Bovine Leukosis ,Viral Load ,biology.organism_classification ,Highly sensitive ,genomic DNA ,Infectious Diseases ,Blood ,Cattle ,Nasal Cavity - Abstract
Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) induces enzootic bovine leukosis, which is the most common neoplastic disease in cattle. Sero-epidemiological studies show that BLV infection occurs worldwide. Direct contact between infected and uninfected cattle is thought to be one of the risk factors for BLV transmission. Contact transmission occurs via a mixture of natural sources, blood, and exudates. To confirm that BLV provirus is detectable in these samples, matched blood, nasal secretion, and saliva samples were collected from 50 cattle, and genomic DNA was extracted. BLV-CoCoMo-qPCR-2, an assay developed for the highly sensitive detection of BLV, was then used to measure the proviral load in blood (n=50), nasal secretions (n=48), and saliva (n=47) samples. The results showed that 35 blood samples, 14 nasal secretion samples, and 6 saliva samples were positive for the BLV provirus. Matched blood samples from cattle that were positive for the BLV provirus (either in nasal secretion or saliva samples) were also positive in their blood. The proviral load in the positive blood samples was14,000 (copies/1×10(5) cells). Thus, even though the proviral load in the nasal secretion and saliva samples was much lower (380 copies/1×10(5) cells) than that in the peripheral blood, prolonged direct contact between infected and healthy cattle may be considered as a risk factor for BLV transmission. more...
- Published
- 2015
178. Ureum als Verdünnungsmarker von Nasensekret in nasaler Lavageflüssigkeit
- Author
-
E.W.A. Puts, Aalt Bast, Bernd Kremer, L. Lammerts, and M.P. van Dieijen-Visser
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,Chromatography ,Chemistry ,Immunology ,Provocation test ,Urea ,Albumin ,Immunology and Allergy ,Nasal Lavage ,Nasal Lavage Fluid ,Nasal secretion ,Histamine ,Dilution - Abstract
Introduction: The analysis of nasal secretion (NS) has become a standard procedure in recent years. To obtain a representative sample of NS, nasal lavage is the method of choice in many cases. However, the reliability of this method is reduced because the dilution factor of the NS by the nasal lavage fluid (NALF) is unknown. Our study was conducted to develop a reliable method to calculate this dilution factor. Method We determined urea concentrations in NALF, NS and plasma in 18 healthy subjects and 17 subjects with seasonal allergic rhinitis to calculate the dilution factor and validated our method by comparing albumin and urea in NALF and in plasma before and after nasal provocation with histamine in 5 healthy controls. Results: A strong correlation was found between urea concentration in plasma and in NS: r 2 = 0.82 (p < 0.0001) for controls and r 2 = 0.91 (p < 0.0001) for patients, so that the following equations can be used: dilution factor = [urea plasma] x 1.2 / [urea in NALF] and [substance in NS] = dilution factor x [substance in NALF]. Conclusions: Urea concentrations, measured in plasma and in NALF, are valid parameters to calculate the dilution factor of NS in NALF. more...
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
179. Detection of Chemokines in Nasal Secretion Using Filter Paper
- Author
-
Ken-Ichi Kanai, Kazuhito Asano, Harumi Suzaki, and Mikiya Inagaki
- Subjects
Chemokine ,Filter paper ,biology ,business.industry ,Immunology ,biology.protein ,Medicine ,Nasal secretion ,business - Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
180. Značaj određivanja medijatora inflamacije u nosnom sekretu za procenu intenziteta zapaljenja u alergijskom rinitisu
- Author
-
Perić, Aleksandar, Živić, Ljubica, Baletić, Nenad, Vojvodić, Danilo, Gajović, Olgica, Špadijer-Mirković, Cveta, Perić, Aleksandar, Živić, Ljubica, Baletić, Nenad, Vojvodić, Danilo, Gajović, Olgica, and Špadijer-Mirković, Cveta more...
- Abstract
Clara cell protein 16 (CC 16), hemokin CCL5 (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted-RANTES), CCL24 (eotaksin-2) kao i eozinofilni katjonski protein (eosinophil cationic protein-ECP) su medijatori zapaljenske reakcije, čije se koncentracije mogu izmeriti u nosnom sekretu. U ovoj studiji su ispitivani nivoi SS 16 proteina, markera očuvanosti integriteta epitela nosne sluznice, hemokina RANTES i CCL24, glavnog medijatora hemotakse eozinofila, kao i enzima ECP, glavnog indikatora aktivnosti eozinofila u nosnom sekretu pacijenata sa alergijskim rinitisom, kao i kod alergičnih i nealargičnih pacijenata sa hroničnim polipoznim rinosinuzitisom. Cilj istraživanja je da se odredi medijator koji najbolje odražava stanje zapaljenja nosne sluznice, kao i reakciju sluznice nosa nakon primene lokalne kortikosteroidne terapije. Metode. U studiju je uključeno osamdesetoro ispitanika sa hroničnim zapaljenjem sluzokože nosa i paranazalnih sinusa, od čega je 20 pacijenata sa dijagnostikovanim sezonskim alergijskim rinitisom, 20 pacijenata sa perenijalnim (perzistentnim) alergijskim rinitisom, 20 pacijenta kod kojih je alergijski rinitis udružen sa hroničnim polipoznim rinosinuzitisom i 20 nealergičnih pacijenata sa hroničnim polipoznim rinosinuzitisom. Kontrolnu grupu je činilo 20 ispitanika sa klinički zdravom sluznicom nosa. Svim ispitanicima je uzet uzorak nosne sluznice za citološku analizu u cilju određivanja broja eozinofila. Koncentracije medijatora inflamacje CC16 , ECP,CCL24 i RANTES su merene u uzorcima nosnog sekreta ELISA metodom. Uzorci nosnog sekreta svim bolesnicima su uzimani pre i nakon intranazalne primene flutikazon - furoata spreja tokom 14 dana. Pacijenti su klinički klasifikovani na osnovu nosnog simptom skora, primenom testa SNOT-22 (sinonasal outcome test-22), kao i na osnovu rinoskopskog i endoskopskog nalaza u nosu. Rezultati. Dobijene vrednosti su pokazale statistični značajne razlike na nivou simptoma, endoskopskog nalaza, procenata eo, Clara cell protein 16 (CC 16), chemokine (regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted-RANTES), CCL24 (eotaxin-2) as well as eosinophil cationic protein (eosinophil cationic protein-ЕCP) are mediators of inflammation, whose concentration can be measured in nasal secretion. In this study, levels of СС 16 protein, marker of preservation of the nasal epithelium integrity, chemokine RANTES and CCL24, main mediator of eosinophil chemotaxis, ECP enzyme, main indicator for the eosinophil activity in nasal secretion of patients with allergic rhinitis and allergic/nonallergic patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis were studied. The aim of the research is to identify a mediator that best reflects the degree of inflammation of the nasal mucosa and the nasal mucosa response to tretament with local corticosteroids. Мethods. The study included eighty patients with chronic inflammation of the respiratory mucosa of nose and paranasal sinuses, out of which 20 patients with diagnosed seasonal allergic rhinitis, 20 patients with persistent allergic rhinitis, 20 patients suffering allergic rhinitis associated with chronic rhinosinusitis and 20 nonallergic patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis. Control group consisted of 20 patients with clinically healthy nasal mucosa. A sample of the nasal mucosa for cytological analysis was obtained from all patients for eosinophil count determination purposes. Concentrations of inflammatory mediators CC16, ECP, CCL24 and RANTES were measured in nasal secretion samples using ELISA method. Nasal secretion samples were taken before and after intranasal application of fluticasone -furoate spray for 14 days. Patients were clinically classified based on nasal symptom score, SNOT-22 test (sinonasal outcome test-22) and rhinoscopy and nasal endoscopy findings. Rеsults. Obtained values showed statistically significant differences in symptoms, endoscopy findings, percentage of eosinophils in the samples more...
- Published
- 2016
181. Thresholds in Nasal Histamine Challenge in Patients with Allergic Rhinitis, Patients with Hyperreflectory Rhinopathy, and Healthy Volunteers
- Author
-
Eike G. Wuestenberg, Bettina Dr Hauswald, and Karl-Bernd Huettenbrink
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Nasal Provocation Tests ,Nasal secretion ,Sensitivity and Specificity ,Gastroenterology ,Diagnosis, Differential ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,Internal medicine ,Healthy volunteers ,medicine ,Humans ,In patient ,030223 otorhinolaryngology ,Rhinitis ,Histamine challenge ,business.industry ,Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ,Middle Aged ,Rhinomanometry ,Nasal Mucosa ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Case-Control Studies ,030220 oncology & carcinogenesis ,Female ,business ,Histamine - Abstract
Background Characteristic symptoms of hyperreflectory rhinopathy include recurrent sneezing, nasal obstruction, and nasal secretion without an allergic background. The diagnosis can only be made if all differential diagnoses have been excluded. So far no clinical test has been established to reliably diagnose hyperreactivity of the nasal mucosa. The present study aimed to investigate whether nasal provocation with histamine allows identification of patients with hyperreflectory rhinopathy. Materials and Methods One-sided nasal challenge with histamine was applied to 13 patients with allergic rhinitis, 13 patients with hyperreflectory rhinitis, and 12 healthy volunteers. Histamine concentrations used were 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, 8.0, and 16.0 mg/mL. Test results were quantified using a symptom score (positive at values above 3) and active anterior rhinomanometry (positive at a reduction of airflow of 40% or more in comparison to challenge with solvent). Results While there was a significant difference between controls and patients with allergic rhinitis or hyperreflectory rhinopathy, respectively, no significant difference was observed between the two groups of patients. Results indicated that one-sided nasal provocation with histamine at a concentration of 1 mg/mL is sufficient to separate healthy subjects from patients with hyperreactivity of the nasal mucosa. In terms of the differentiation between subjects with hyperreactivity of the nasal mucosa and healthy controls, the sensitivity of one-sided nasal histamine provocation with 1 mg/mL was found to be 100%; its specificity was 83% if it was evaluated by rhinomanometry and symptom score. Conclusion The present results indicate that one-sided nasal challenge with histamine at a concentration of 1 mg/mL is sufficient to separate healthy subjects from patients with hyperreactivity of the nasal mucosa. However, the test does not differentiate between patients with allergic rhinitis and patients with hyperreflectory rhinitis. more...
- Published
- 2004
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
182. Presença de Mycobacterium leprae em escarro de paciente sintomático respiratório com hanseníase multibacilar
- Author
-
Luana Nepomuceno Gondim Costa Lima, Maria Luiza Lopes, Francisco Lúzio de Paula Ramos, Maria do Perpétuo Socorro Amador Silvestre, and Haroldo José de Matos
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Tuberculosis ,Strategy and Management ,Nasal secretion ,Gastroenterology ,Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering ,Thoracic region ,fluids and secretions ,Hansen?ase Multibacilar / diagn?stico ,Weight loss ,Internal medicine ,Rea??o em Cadeia da Polimerase / m?todos ,Medicine ,Productive Cough ,business.industry ,Mechanical Engineering ,Metals and Alloys ,Coinfec??o / complica??es ,Tuberculose / diagn?stico ,bacterial infections and mycoses ,medicine.disease ,respiratory tract diseases ,Sputum ,Ensaio de Imunoadsor??o Enzim?tica / m?todos ,Leprosy ,Lymph ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Minist?rio da Sa?de. Secretaria de Vigil?ncia em Sa?de. Instituto Evandro Chagas. Ananindeua, PA, Brasil. Paciente com queixa principal de tosse produtiva cr?nica com tr?s meses de dura??o e expectora??o de muco purulento, perda de peso, falta de apetite, dispneia, dor na regi?o tor?cica e cansa?o, sendo ainda observados sintomas cl?nicos de hansen?ase, ?ndice bacilosc?pico da linfa de 4,25 e t?tulos de IgM anti-PGL-I positivos. Do escarro, pelo m?todo de Ziehl-Neelsen, foram observados bacilos isolados e globias, com aus?ncia de crescimento em L?wenstein-Jensen. Foi demonstrada amplifica??o do DNA de Mycobacterium leprae nas amostras de escarro e secre??o nasal. Assim, ilustramos um caso sintom?tico de tuberculose e hansen?ase, mas somente com hansen?ase multibacilar, podendo ter ocorrido dissemina??o do M. leprae para os pulm?es por contiguidade, uma vez que o bacilo ? encontrado rotineiramente na nasofaringe. Patient with main complaints of chronic productive cough lasted three months and expectoration of purulent sputum, weight loss, loss of appetite, dyspnea, pain in the thoracic region and tiredness, clinical symptoms of leprosy, lymph index of 4.25 and positive IgM anti-PGL-I titers. Of the sputum, by using the Ziehl-Neelsen method, isolated bacilli and in groups with lack of growth in L?wenstein-Jensen were observed. It was shown DNA amplification of Mycobacterium leprae in the sputum samples and nasal secretion. It is demonstrated a symptomatic case of tuberculosis and leprosy, but only in multibacillary leprosy, so the dissemination by contiguity of M. leprae to the lungs can occur, once bacillus is frequently found in the nasopharynx. more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
183. Demonstration of sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever virions in sheep nasal secretions
- Author
-
Timothy B. Crawford, Okjin Kim, and Hong Li
- Subjects
Cancer Research ,Sheep Diseases ,Nasal secretion ,Biology ,Polymerase Chain Reaction ,Gammaherpesvirinae ,Virology ,medicine ,Animals ,Secretion ,Sheep ,Transmission (medicine) ,Virion ,Herpesviridae Infections ,In vitro ,Epithelium ,Ovine herpesvirus 2 ,Virus Shedding ,Nasal Mucosa ,Tumor Virus Infections ,Infectious Diseases ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Lytic cycle ,Malignant Catarrh ,Respiratory tract - Abstract
Ovine herpesvirus-2 (OvHV-2) is the causative agent for sheep-associated malignant catarrhal fever, which has never been propagated in vitro. Previous studies from this laboratory demonstrated significantly high levels of OvHV-2 DNA in sheep nasal secretions, suggesting a likely avenue of transmission. In the present study, real-time PCR was used to identify sheep experiencing an episode of intense OvHV-2 DNA shedding in their nasal secretions. A nuclease-resistance assay was used to examine the secretions for the presence of intact cell-free enveloped OvHV-2 virions. The results revealed that all nasal secretion samples from five selected individuals experiencing intensive shedding events contained cell-free OvHV-2 virions. Virions could not be identified in secretion samples from 11 OvHV-2 infected sheep that were not experiencing a shedding event. This is the first unequivocal demonstration of cell-free OvHV-2 virions. These results suggest that OvHV-2 lytic infection occurs in the epithelium of certain tissues in the upper respiratory tract of the natural host. more...
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
184. The prevalence of bovine herpesvirus-1 in traditional cattle in Southern Province, Zambia
- Author
-
Girja S. Pandey, Martin Simuunza, Malamo M, Manabu Onuma, Toshio Tsubota, Jun Yasuda, Aaron S. Mweene, K. L. Samui, Andrew Nambota, Michelo Syakalima, Yoshikazu Nakazato, and Hideto Fukushi
- Subjects
Veterinary medicine ,Zambia ,Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ,General Medicine ,Nasal secretion ,Biology ,Infectious bovine rhinotracheitis ,Antibodies, Viral ,biology.organism_classification ,Virology ,Bovine herpesvirus 1 ,Nasal Mucosa ,Fluorescent Antibody Technique, Direct ,Prevalence ,Animals ,Cattle ,Animal Science and Zoology ,Antigens, Viral ,Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis ,Direct fluorescent antibody ,Herpesvirus 1, Bovine - Abstract
A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of bovine herpesvirus-1 (BHV-1), which causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis, in cattle destined for market in Southern Province, Zambia. A total of 116 nasal secretion samples were tested using the direct fluorescent antibody test, while blood samples from the same cattle were examined by a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. The prevalence of the BHV-1 antigens in cattle was 23.28% (27/116), while the mean prevalence of the BHV-1 antibodies was 48.28% (56/116). This study showed that cattle in transit to markets could easily spread the virus, which was reactivated by the stress of trekking for long distances under unfavourable conditions, to the other cattle with which they came into contact. Thus, these transit cattle posed a serious threat to other bovines. Systems of cattle trading where cattle must be transported a long wayto market should be reviewed by the authorities to minimise the conditions that may exacerbate the spread of infection. more...
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
185. β-trace protein test: new guidelines for the reliable diagnosis of cerebrospinal fluid fistula
- Author
-
Cem Meco, Klaus Albegger, Gerhard Moser, Erich Arrer, and Gerhard Oberascher
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Pathology ,rhinorrhea ,business.industry ,Renal function ,Nasal secretion ,Gastroenterology ,Optimal management ,Beta-Trace Protein ,Cerebrospinal fluid ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Internal medicine ,Cerebrospinal fluid fistula ,medicine ,Surgery ,medicine.symptom ,business ,CSF albumin - Abstract
Objective Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) fistulas need to be reliably diagnosed for the optimal management. Recently, in preference to β2-transferrin, another CSF protein, β-trace protein (βTP), is similarly used with a new method for CSF diagnosis. This study evaluates the sensitive interpretation and limits of this new βTP test for use in routine CSF fistula diagnosis. Methods Nephelometric detection of βTP has been made in nasal secretion, serum, and CSF samples from healthy individuals as well as patients with reduced glomerular filtration rate and with bacterial meningitis. Additionally, 53 patients with suspected CSF rhinorrhea are also analyzed. Results The βTP test can also be used to reliably diagnose CSF rhinorrhea even slightly better than the β2-transferrin test. It should not be used for patients with renal insufficiency and bacterial meningitis as they substantially increase serum and decrease CSF βTP values, respectively. Conclusion Quantitative measurement of βTP is a noninvasive, highly sensitive, quick, and inexpensive method that can be used for the detection of CSF rhinorrhea in nasal secretions. However, in cases where there is doubt about the interpretation, the results should be proved with β2-transferrin test or sodium-fluorescein test. more...
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
186. The relationship between eosinophils and ECP value in nasal secretion
- Author
-
Tomonori Eguchi, Thoshihiro Misu, and Kensuke Watanabe
- Subjects
Pathology ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Lysis ,Chemistry ,Degranulation ,General Medicine ,Nasal allergy ,respiratory system ,Eosinophil ,Nasal secretion ,Cell membrane ,fluids and secretions ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Nasal mucus ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Lavage fluid ,medicine - Abstract
Nasal mucus was sampled from nine patients of left nostrils with nasal allergy and lavaged fluid was taken from right nostrils. The mucuses were observed by electron microscope and ECP in lavage fluid was examined. ECP in lavage fluid and destruction index (granule vacuolation score×destruction score of eosinophil cell membrane) showed high correlation (R=0.988, p It was concluded that EOP in nasal mucus was released from lysed eosinophiles with destroyed cell membrane. more...
- Published
- 2003
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
187. Why do we sneeze?
- Author
-
W. Burke
- Subjects
Sneeze ,business.industry ,Pharynx ,General Medicine ,Anatomy ,Nasal secretion ,Models, Biological ,Sneezing ,Mouth closed ,Nasal Mucosa ,Branchial Region ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,High pressure ,Pressure ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,medicine.symptom ,business ,Foreign Bodies ,Nose - Abstract
According to textbooks, the function of a sneeze is to send a strong blast of air through the nose to remove foreign bodies. Three simple tests are described that show that the current views are wrong. The pressure developed in the mouth/pharynx of the author during a sneeze was recorded as about 135 mm Hg reached in about 0.1 s. A forced maximal expiration but with the nose and mouth closed produced a nasal secretion although of smaller amount than in the sneez, in spite of a greater pressure; this is probably because the speed of tension development was much slower than in the sneeze. It is proposed that the high pressure stimulates secretory neurons via branches in the roof of the mouth. The nasal secretion dilutes irritant material in the nose and thus prevents it getting into the lungs. more...
- Published
- 2012
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
188. Provokationstest mit Immerfit Pollenschutzcreme bei Patienten mit allergischer Rhinitis - Ergebnisse einer Studie an 17 Patienten
- Author
-
T. P. U. Wustrow, A. Grigorov, and H. Olze
- Subjects
Allergy ,medicine.medical_specialty ,business.industry ,Medicine ,Nasal secretion ,business ,medicine.disease ,Dermatology - Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
189. Stress, Breakfast Cereal Consumption and Objective Signs of Upper Respiratory Tract Illnesses
- Author
-
Andrew Paul Smith
- Subjects
Male ,0301 basic medicine ,Medicine (miscellaneous) ,Nasal secretion ,Body Temperature ,Stress level ,Life Change Events ,03 medical and health sciences ,0302 clinical medicine ,food ,Environmental health ,medicine ,Humans ,Illness severity ,Food science ,Respiratory Tract Infections ,Consumption (economics) ,030109 nutrition & dietetics ,Nutrition and Dietetics ,business.industry ,General Neuroscience ,Incidence (epidemiology) ,digestive, oral, and skin physiology ,Life events ,food and beverages ,General Medicine ,Breakfast cereal ,food.food ,Diet ,Nasal Mucosa ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Female ,Edible Grain ,business ,Stress, Psychological ,030217 neurology & neurosurgery ,Respiratory tract - Abstract
Recent research has shown that both negative life events and breakfast cereal consumption are associated with the incidence and severity of subjective symptoms of upper respiratory tract illnesses (URTIs) Two studies were conducted to examine whether objective markers of illness were also associated with stress and breakfast cereal consumption. The results from the first study showed that regular breakfast cereal consumption was associated with lower sub-lingual temperatures in volunteers with URTIs. Stress had no effect on temperature. In the second study nasal secretion weight was lower in regular breakfast cereal consumers but was not influenced by stress. These studies suggest that breakfast cereal consumption is associated with reduced illness severity and that this does not reflect stress levels. Further research is now required to determine whether such results are directly due to cereal consumption or reflect correlated attributes, such as other aspects of the diet. more...
- Published
- 2002
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
190. Células inflamatorias en la secreción nasal y citocinas proinflamatorias Th1, Th2, Th17 y reguladoras en el suero de pacientes con leishmaniasis cutánea Americana
- Author
-
Lugo, Dennis A, Rodríguez, Orquídea L, Galindo, Wilmen, Ortega, María E, Cardozo, Ángel, Ferrer, Arlet, Benítez, Rosaura, Suarez, Aura M, Delgado, Dorila, Mendoza, Iraida, Carrero, José, Giganti, Elizabeth, Castrillo, Alexis, Zerpa, Olga, and Cabrera, Maira more...
- Subjects
polymorphonuclear cells ,hemic and lymphatic diseases ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,citocinas ,secreción nasal ,nasal secretion ,células polimorfonucleares ,leishmaniasis ,cytokines - Abstract
En la forma mucocutánea (LCM) y cutánea (LCL) de la leishmaniasis, se genera una respuesta inflamatoria cuyos mediadores (células y citocinas) se han involucrado en la severidad de las úlceras y en el daño tisular observado en estos pacientes, particularmente en los LCM. Por ello, nos propusimos identificar los grupos celulares predominantes en la secreción nasal de pacientes con LCL y LCM, y relacionarlos con citocinas proinflamatorias y reguladoras. Evaluamos en pacientes LCL (n=20), LCM (n=14) y 20 individuos sanos: a) La cuantificación de tipos de leucocitos en "frotis" de secreción nasal, úlceras cutáneas y sangre periférica teñidos con Giemsa empleando microscopía óptica, b) Concentraciones séricas de IL-8, IL-4 e IL-10 por citometría de flujo (CBA array) e IFN-γ, TNF-α e IL-17 por ELISA. El grupo celular predominante en la secreción nasal de pacientes con LCM fueron los neutrófilos (80,7%) y escasos eosinófilos (0,6%), comparados con los LCL y controles, en los que no se observaron estas células. Mientras que los "frotis" de las ulceras de los LCL presentaron 45,3% de neutrófilos y 43% de linfocitos. En contraste, en sangre periférica, de los pacientes se observó un incremento de neutrófilos y linfocitos junto a una frecuencia significativa de monocitos (LCM: 5,3; LCL: 6,3%) y eosinófilos (LCM: 8,2%; LCL: 5,2%). Todo esto sugiere la participación de los neutrófilos en la inmunopatogénesis en la LCM. Adicionalmente, se demostró una mayor (P=0,03) concentración sérica de IL-8 en los pacientes con LCL (18,5ρg/mL) y LCM (18,2ρg/mL) respecto a los individuos sanos, sugiriendo que esta citocina promueve el reclutamiento de neutrófilos al sitio de infección en los LCM, mientras que en los LCL contribuyen junto con los linfocitos T CD4+ de la subpoblación Th1 y productores de IFN-γ, en la activación de mecanismos leishmanicidas. In mucocutaneous (MCL) and cutaneous (LCL) leishmaniasis, the inflammatory mediators (cytokines and cells) have been associated with ulcers severity and tissue damage observed in these patients, particularly in MCL. Therefore, we decided to identify the predominant cell groups in the nasal secretion of LCL and MCL patients, and related pro-inflammatory and regulatory cytokines. It was evaluated in LCL (n = 20), MCL patients (n = 14) and 20 healthy volunteers: a) Differential leukocyte count by optical microscopy performed in: smear of a runny nose, skin ulcers and peripheral blood dyed with Giemsa, b) serum levels of IL-8, IL-4 and IL-10 using cytometric bead array (CBA) assay and IFN-γ, TNF-α and IL-17 by ELISA. In MCL patients, neutrophils (80.7%) were the most abundant cellular group in nose secretion, followed by a small amount of eosinophils (0.6%) compared to the LCL and controls, where no such cells were observed. In contrast, in peripheral blood from ACL patients were observed an abundant amount of neutrophils and lymphocytes together with a significant frequency of monocytes (MCL:5.3%; LCL: 6.3%) and eosinophils (MCL:8.2%; LCL:5.2%). While the smear from skin ulcers of LCL patients showed 45.3% of neutrophils and 43% lymphocytes. All of these indicate that neutrophils might play a role in the MCL immunopathogenesis. Moreover, an increased serum levels of IL-8 (P=0.03) were found in LCL (18.5ρg/mL) and MCL (18.2ρg/mL) patients, suggesting that this cytokine promotes the recruitment of neutrophils to the infection site in MCL; while in LCL patients may contribute with CD4 + Th1 (IFN-γ) cells in the activation of leishmanicida mechanisms. more...
- Published
- 2014
191. Nasal Mucus Glucose and Chronic Rhinosinusitis
- Author
-
Noam A. Cohen, James N. Palmer, Robert J. Lee, David W. Kennedy, Nithin D. Adappa, and Kyle M. Hatten
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Chronic rhinosinusitis ,business.industry ,Confounding ,respiratory system ,Topical glucocorticoid ,Nasal secretion ,Gastroenterology ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Quality of life ,Internal medicine ,Nasal mucus ,Immunology ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,Surgery ,Airway ,business - Abstract
Objectives:Respiratory secretion glucose concentration is tightly regulated and contributes to airway innate immunity. Thus, we set out to quantify nasal mucus glucose concentration in chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients and correlate these values to CRS symptoms.Methods:Prospective, single-center study measuring nasal mucus glucose concentration in patients diagnosed with chronic rhinosinusitis and age/race matched controls from July 1, 2013, to January 1, 2014. Enrollment included subjects >18 years of age evaluated in academic otolaryngology practice. Subjects completed questionnaires including extensive history of medical and surgical therapies as well as CRS-specific quality of life measurements (SNOT-22). Subjects underwent nasal secretion sampling with sterilized Pope ear wicks. The nasal glucose concentrations of controls and subjects were analyzed with multivariate analysis to assess for confounding variables including systemic and topical glucocorticoid treatment.Results:Ninety-five patients e... more...
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
192. Presence of fluticasone propionate on human nasal mucosal surface and in human nasal tissue over a period of 24 h after intranasal application
- Author
-
Kw Delank, Claus Bachert, P Rohdewald, and U Bonsmann
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ,Time Factors ,medicine.drug_class ,Immunology ,Anti-Inflammatory Agents ,Radioimmunoassay ,Nasal secretion ,Gastroenterology ,Fluticasone propionate ,Pharmacokinetics ,Internal medicine ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Administration, Intranasal ,Nose ,Aged ,Fluticasone ,Mucous Membrane ,business.industry ,Single application ,Middle Aged ,respiratory system ,Androstadienes ,Nasal Mucosa ,Treatment Outcome ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Endocrinology ,Corticosteroid ,Female ,Nasal administration ,business ,medicine.drug - Abstract
Background: Once-daily use of nasally applied glucocorticoids was demonstrated to be effective in the treatment of allergic rhinitis. The aim of the study was to measure concentrations of fluticasone propionate (FP) in nasal secretion and nasal tissue over a period of 1 day after a single application of 100 µg FP. Methods: Twenty-six patients applied nasal FP spray at different time intervals before surgery. Cotton swabs, used to clean the mucosal surface, and resected nasal tissue were extracted. FP concentrations were determined by RIA. Results: FP was found in nasal secretions in concentrations from 15 to 1 µg/g over a period of 20 h, and in nasal tissue in concentrations from 200 to 13 ng/g up to 24 h after the single application. Conclusions: The long-persisting high concentrations of FP provide the pharmacokinetic basis for once-daily treatment. more...
- Published
- 2001
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
193. „Meine Nase läuft dauernd“: Älterer Patient klagt
- Author
-
Klimek, L.
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
194. Loss of olfactory function after exposure to barbituric acid
- Author
-
Clemens Heiser, K. Grupp, Boris A. Stuck, and Karl Hörmann
- Subjects
Male ,Olfactory system ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Time Factors ,Anosmia ,Nasal secretion ,Severity of Illness Index ,Olfaction Disorders ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Risk Factors ,Occupational Exposure ,Internal medicine ,Psychophysics ,Humans ,Medicine ,Evoked Potentials ,Barbituric acid ,business.industry ,Disease progression ,Nasal itching ,General Medicine ,Middle Aged ,Olfactory Bulb ,Electrophysiology ,Occupational Diseases ,Endocrinology ,Otorhinolaryngology ,chemistry ,Anesthesia ,Barbiturates ,Disease Progression ,Sniffin sticks ,Surgery ,Occupational exposure ,medicine.symptom ,business - Abstract
In this case report a patient with anosmia due to occupational exposure to barbituric acid will be presented. Occupational exposure to high concentrations of barbituric acid resulted in bloody nasal secretion and nasal itching with immediate onset following exposure. After several days of exposure, a progressive loss of smell resulted in anosmia. Psychophysical and electrophysiological assessment of olfactory function with the "Sniffin Sticks" test and event-related potentials based on air dilution olfactometry confirmed the patients' reports. After 2 years no recovery is remarked. Toxic anosmia has repeatedly been described due to exposure to chemicals, although barbituric acid has not been reported to be the cause of anosmia to date. Awareness of clinicians to toxic anosmia and the report of those cases appear to be mandatory to reduce occupational risks. more...
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
195. Nd:YAG-Laserbehandlung der unteren Nasenmuscheln im Kontaktverfahren bei der hyperreflektorischen und der allergischen Rhinopathie*
- Author
-
F. Liebmann, A. Olthoff, and A. Martin
- Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty ,Mucosal swelling ,business.industry ,Turbinates ,Mucous membrane of nose ,Nasal secretion ,Bleed ,Surgery ,Bloody ,Under local anaesthesia ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Nd:YAG laser ,medicine ,business - Abstract
BACKGROUND: Nasal obstruction caused by mucosal swelling due to hyperreflectory or allergic rhinitis is a very frequent disorder. We would like to report about our first results (ENT department, University of Gottingen) in the reduction of hyperplastic inferior turbinates by Nd:YAG Laser treatment. PATIENTS AND METHOD: One hundred seventeen patients with nasal obstruction were treated by Nd:YAG laser between October 1993 and February 1997. We used the laser in "contact mode" and all outpatients were under local anaesthesia. Follow-up was possible in 83 cases. A subjective scale was used to evaluate our results. One quarter of the patients suffered from an allergic rhinitis. RESULTS: For 80% the nasal airflow was increased. Sixty percent had excellent or good results without any nasal obstruction after therapy. The patients with allergic rhinitis performed as well as the patients with hyperreflectory rhinopathy. This improvement appeared as early as four weeks after treatment and was permanent in 37 of 40 cases with long-term observation of at least one year. Side effects: 14% reported a dry nasal mucosa for two weeks; 31% had a bloody nasal secretion for two days after treatment, but did not bleed. Fifteen percent complained of pain during the procedure. CONCLUSION: The reduction of the inferior turbinates by Nd:YAG laser is an effective treatment of equal value in symptomatic therapy of the hyperplastic turbinates due to hyperreflectory and allergic rhinopathy. Seventy-three percent of these patients would like to be treated in this way again if necessary. more...
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
196. Upper respiratory virus detection without parent-reported illness in children is virus-specific
- Author
-
Cuneyt M. Alper, Birgit Winther, William J. Doyle, and J. Owen Hendley
- Subjects
Male ,Rhinovirus ,viruses ,Nasal secretion ,Biology ,medicine.disease_cause ,Virus ,Article ,Adenoviridae ,Virology ,medicine ,Humans ,Respiratory system ,Child ,Children ,Respiratory Tract Infections ,Illness ,Coronavirus ,Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ,virus diseases ,Infant ,medicine.disease ,Virus detection ,Respiratory Syncytial Viruses ,Influenza B virus ,Infectious Diseases ,Upper respiratory tract infection ,Influenza A virus ,Virus Diseases ,Child, Preschool ,Viruses ,Respiratory virus ,Paramyxovirinae ,Female - Abstract
Background Viral upper respiratory tract infection (vURI) may or may not present with a cold/flu-like illness (CFLI). Objectives For common upper respiratory viruses that cause vURIs, to determine the relative frequencies of virus detection by PCR in subjects with and without CFLIs. Study design Prospective follow-up of 170 children aged 1–8.6 years through the CFLI season by daily parental diary for CFLI episodes and nasal secretion sampling using PCR assays for adenovirus, coronavirus (types 229E and OC43), influenza virus (types A and B), parainfluenza (types 1–3) virus, rhinovirus, and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). Results Virus was detected in 415 of 956 independent assays: 425 CFLI episodes and 531 non-CFLI periods were sampled; samples from 270 (64%) CFLI episodes and 145 (27%) non-CFLI periods contained virus detected by PCR. Rhinovirus was most frequently detected at 64%, followed by mixed viruses at 12%, RSV at 7%, and the other viruses at 3–5% of all detections. About 85% of RSV, influenza A and adenovirus detections were associated with a CFLI, whereas less than 62% of other virus detections were associated with CFLI. Conclusions The frequency of PCR virus detection without CFLI was different among viruses. This introduces virus-specific biases to estimating the frequencies of specific complications attributable to a vURI when ascertained by CFLI identification. more...
- Published
- 2008
197. Neural Hyperresponsiveness and Nerve Growth Factor in Allergic Rhinitis
- Author
-
Vassilis E. Koliatsos, Andrzej M. Stanisz, Alkis Togias, John Bienenstock, and Alvin M. Sanico
- Subjects
Allergy ,Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ,Sympathetic Nervous System ,business.industry ,Respiratory System ,Immunology ,General Medicine ,Nasal secretion ,medicine.disease ,Nerve growth factor ,Reflex ,medicine ,Humans ,Immunology and Allergy ,Nerve Growth Factors ,business - Abstract
Background: In allergic rhinitis, symptoms are triggered not only by allergens but also by environmental irritants. Hereinafter we address the hypothesis that this is reflective of increased responsiveness of the neural apparatus which, in turn, may be attributable to upregulation of nerve growth factor (NGF) in this disease. Methods: We compared subjects with active allergic rhinitis and healthy volunteers in terms of sensitivity and/or magnitude of three nerve–mediated responses, namely (1) the sneezing reflex induced by histamine, (2) the central or nasonasal reflex depicted by contralateral secretions induced by unilateral nasal challenge with capsaicin, and (3) the axonal reflex depicted by plasma extravasation upon capsaicin challenge. We have also measured NGF levels in nasal lavage fluids at baseline and with allergen provocation in rhinitis and healthy subjects. Results: Compared to healthy individuals, subjects with active allergic rhinitis were found to have (1) significantly greater sensitivity and reactivity of the sneezing reflex, (2) significantly greater secretory responsiveness to sensory nerve stimulation, and (3) significantly greater plasma extravasation indicated by albumin leakage following capsaicin nasal challenge. We also found that subjects with active allergic rhinitis have significantly greater baseline levels of NGF in nasal lavage fluids compared to their healthy counterparts, and that these levels can be increased by allergen nasal provocation. Conclusion: The responsiveness of the neural apparatus of the nose is significantly greater in patients with active allergic rhinitis. The increased presence of NGF in the nasal mucosa of these patients supports the hypothesis that this neurotrophin may be implicated in neural hyperresponsiveness. more...
- Published
- 1999
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
198. The influence of standardized dry ivy leaf extract on the proportion of nasal secretion after post-septoplasty nasal packing removal.
- Author
-
Savović S, Paut Kusturica M, Kljajić V, Buljčik Čupić M, Jovančević L, Pavlović V, and Rašković A
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Epistaxis prevention & control, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Nose microbiology, Phytotherapy, Plant Leaves chemistry, Postoperative Hemorrhage prevention & control, Young Adult, Hedera chemistry, Nasal Septum surgery, Plant Extracts therapeutic use, Postoperative Care methods, Rhinoplasty methods
- Abstract
Introduction: After post-septoplasty nasal packing removal, a certain proportion of nasal secretion occurs, leading to local and sometimes systemic infections., Objective: The aim was to determine if standardized dry ivy leaf extract application after nasal packing removal influences the reduction of nasal secretion and diminish the occurrence of local infections., Methods: The study included 70 post-septoplasty patients (divided into two equal groups) whose nasal packing was removed on the third day after the procedure. Group I was treated with standardized dry ivy leaf extract syrup along with regular nasal irrigation for the five days after the nasal packing removal whereas the Group II had only nasal lavage. On the sixth day after nasal packing removal, the quantity of nasal secretion was determined using a visual analog scale and nasal endoscopic examination., Results: The group treated with standardized dry ivy leaf extract syrup had significantly lesser nasal secretion both by subjective patients' assessment (p<0.001) and by nasal endoscopic examination (p=0.003). The post-surgical follow up examination on the sixth day after nasal packing removal showed no development of local infection in the Group I, while in the Group II a local infection was evident in five patients (14.29%) and antibiotic therapy was required., Conclusion: The use of the standardized dry ivy leaf extract after nasal packing removal significantly lowers the proportion of nasal secretion., (Copyright © 2018 Associação Brasileira de Otorrinolaringologia e Cirurgia Cérvico-Facial. Published by Elsevier Editora Ltda. All rights reserved.) more...
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
199. Nasal Secretion Analysis in Allergic Rhinitis, Cystic Fibrosis, and Nonallergic Fibromyalgia/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome Subjects
- Author
-
James N. Baraniuk, Ethan Gaumond, Kenichiro Fujita, Nagendra Upadhyayula, Takeshi Shimizu, Daniel Clauw, Atsushi Yuta, and Mushtaq Ali
- Subjects
Adult ,Male ,musculoskeletal diseases ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Fibromyalgia ,Rhinitis, Allergic, Perennial ,Cystic Fibrosis ,Nasal secretion ,Cystic fibrosis ,Capillary Permeability ,03 medical and health sciences ,Ribonucleases ,0302 clinical medicine ,Chronic fatigue syndrome ,medicine ,Humans ,030212 general & internal medicine ,Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic ,Pancreatic Elastase ,business.industry ,Proteins ,Rhinitis, Allergic, Seasonal ,Blood Proteins ,Eosinophil Granule Proteins ,Middle Aged ,Nasal Lavage Fluid ,medicine.disease ,Dermatology ,Nasal Mucosa ,Allergy skin tests ,030228 respiratory system ,Otorhinolaryngology ,Immunoglobulin G ,Female ,Muramidase ,Inflammation Mediators ,business - Abstract
Rhinitis symptoms are present in approximately 70% of subjects with fibromyalgia and chronic fatigue syndrome (FM/CFS). Because only 35% to 50% have positive allergy skin tests, nonallergic mechanisms may also play a role. To better understand the mechanisms of nonallergic rhinitis in FM/CFS, nasal lavages were performed, and markers of vascular permeability, glandular secretion, and neutrophil and eosinophil infiltration measured in 27 nonallergic FM/CFS, 7 allergic rhinitis, 7 cystic fibrosis, and 9 normal subjects. Allergic rhinitis subjects had significantly increased vascular permeability (IgG) and ECP levels. Cystic fibrosis subjects had significantly higher elastase and total protein levels. There were no significant differences between FM/CFS and normal lavage fluids. Analysis of the constituents of nasal mucus provides information about ongoing secretory processes in rhinitis. There were no differences in the basal secretion of these markers of vascular permeability, submucosal gland serous cell secretion, eosinophil and neutrophil degranulation in nonallergic FM/CFS subjects. This suggests that constitutively active secretory processes that regulate continuous production of nasal secretions are not altered in FM/CFS. Future studies should examine alternative mechanisms such as inducible, irritant-activated, or reflex-mediated effects. more...
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
200. Detection of foot‐and‐mouth disease by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and virus isolation in contact sheep without clinical signs of foot‐and‐mouth disease
- Author
-
M. Danes, M. Gruia, M Callens, and K. De Clercq
- Subjects
Saliva ,General Veterinary ,Foot-and-mouth disease ,viruses ,Virus isolation ,Virus present ,Nasal secretion ,Biology ,medicine.disease ,Virology ,Serology ,Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction ,medicine ,Viral rna - Abstract
Summary Two non‐vaccinated sheep were experimentally, infected with FMDV and one day later 4 other sheep were brought in contact. Although the contact sheep showed no clinical signs, serology indicated that all sheep became infected. Various secretion samples, taken over a period of at least one month, and various tissue samples were examined for the presence of FMDV by RT‐PCR and by virus isolation. FMDV was most often found in saliva (mouth swabs), followed by nasal secretion and sera. Faecal material, wool and milk were less suitable. The period of detection with the highest frequency of positive isolations was between 2 to 4 days pi for the infected sheep and between 5 to 10 days pc for the contact animals. It was established that in subclinically infected sheep, with a very low amount of virus present, FMD viral RNA could be detected by a sensitive RT‐PCR‐ELISA although virus isolation and standard RT‐PCR remained negative. Moreover there was some evidence of active spreading of FMDV from the contact... more...
- Published
- 1998
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
Catalog
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.