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Researchers at West Virginia University School of Medicine have conducted a study on the regulation of erm(T) MLSB phenotype expression in the emergent emm92 type group A Streptococcus. The study found that emm92-type isolates carrying the erm(T) gene have been associated with an increase in invasive group A Streptococcus infections, particularly among people who inject drugs or experience homelessness. The research identified mechanisms behind inducible and constitutive resistance in these isolates, with implications for antibiotic treatment strategies. The findings were published in npj Antimicrobials and Resistance, and more information can be obtained from the Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Cell Biology at West Virginia University School of Medicine. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the implementation of a genome-scale model of Clostridium luticellarii for upgrading syngas fermentations. Syngas fermentation is a method to convert waste streams into carboxylic acid precursors for biochemicals, with Clostridia species like C. luticellarii showing promise in this process. The study creates a metabolic model of C. luticellarii, highlighting its potential for acetogenesis from syngas and chain elongation, with simulations suggesting it could enhance syngas fermenting platforms. The findings emphasize the need for experimental verification and further research to advance syngas fermentation using C. luticellarii. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a study that examined the relationship between Escherichia coli phages and their target receptors, crucial for phage ecology and research. Through genomic and physiological analysis, researchers identified target receptors in the LPS R-core region, membrane proteins, and flagella of E. coli strains. The study classified the phages into groups based on physiological characteristics, tail fiber phylogenetics, and target receptors, revealing the close relationship between phage phenotypes, genotypes, and target receptor specificity. This research provides new insights into the diversity and specificity of E. coli phage target receptors, enhancing our understanding of phage-host interactions. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted at the University of Diyala focused on Uropathogenic Escherichia coli, the most common cause of urinary tract infections. The research involved collecting urine samples from women with UTI symptoms and analyzing E. coli isolates for the presence of virulence-associated genes using traditional PCR and qRT-PCR. The study found potential overexpression of certain genes in uropathogenic E. coli compared to non-pathogenic isolates, highlighting the sensitivity and accuracy of qRT-PCR in detecting gene expression. For more information, the research article "Qualitative and Quantitative Detection of Virulence-Associated Genes in Escherichia Coli Isolates from Women with Urinary Tract Infections" can be accessed for free. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Hebrew University of Jerusalem have developed a core genome multi-locus sequence typing scheme for analyzing the population structure of Nocardia species, a Gram-Positive Bacteria. By examining whole genome sequences of 193 isolates from different geographic regions, they found that N. brasiliensis diverges significantly from other species, indicating distinct evolutionary paths. The study suggests that clonal complexes are mostly limited to specific regions, with no evidence of direct common-source transmission among strains. This research provides a comprehensive genome-based phylogenetic methodology for understanding Nocardia species. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the University of Texas Austin explores how the RNA-binding global regulatory protein CsrA controls the levels of the virulence factor ToxR in Vibrio cholerae. The research indicates that CsrA directly binds to the 5' untranslated region of toxR, increasing its stability and translation. This study sheds light on the regulatory mechanisms that govern virulence factor production in response to environmental cues in V. cholerae. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Jinling Institute of Technology in Nanjing, China, conducted a study on the genomic characteristics of the Ett2 gene clusters in avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) using whole-genome sequencing. They found that the Ett2 cluster contributes to the pathogenicity of APEC, with different types of Ett2 clusters identified in the strains studied. The research aims to provide a more comprehensive understanding of Ett2 for future studies. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from North South University in Dhaka, Bangladesh, conducted a study on the genomic characterization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains. The strains showed resistance to multiple antibiotics but susceptibility to others, with specific genetic factors contributing to multidrug resistance and virulence. The study provides valuable insights into the antibiotic resistance and pathogenicity of S. aureus strains in Bangladesh, aiding in future antibiotic stewardship efforts. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the University of Nebraska at Kearney conducted a study on Staphylococcus lugdunensis biofilms through ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis. The study aimed to identify essential factors for biofilm formation in S. lugdunensis by exposing the bacteria to EMS and examining the mutations that resulted in either increased or decreased biofilm formation. The research found that mutations in specific genes, such as S. lugdunensis surface protein A (slsA) and von Willebrand factor binding protein (vwbl), played a role in biofilm formation. This study sheds light on S. lugdunensis pathogenesis and presents a unique methodology to identify genes affecting biofilm formation. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Capital Medical University in Beijing, China, conducted a study on the role of the complement alternative pathway (AP) in acute lung injury (ALI) and sepsis induced by Staphylococcus aureus. They found that Cfhr1 gene deficiency exacerbated sepsis and ALI by leading to excessive AP activation. The study, which received financial support from the Beijing Natural Science Foundation, concluded that Cfhr1 deletion resulted in enhanced terminal complement pathway activation and impaired S. aureus clearance in mice. This research has been peer-reviewed and provides valuable insights into immune response regulation. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the genomic characterization and functional insights of a multidrug-resistant strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae, a pathogen associated with high morbidity and mortality rates in healthcare settings. The study focuses on the genetic architecture, resistance mechanisms, and virulence factors of the MDR strain isolated from pharmaceutical wastewater in Dhaka, Bangladesh. The research highlights the presence of antibiotic resistance genes, virulence factors, and phage defense mechanisms in the genome of the Klebsiella pneumoniae strain, emphasizing the need for continued surveillance and novel therapeutic strategies to combat MDR infections effectively. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the role of the Helicobacter pylori orphan ATTAAT-specific methyltransferase M.Hpy99XIX in regulating genes involved in iron metabolism. Inactivation of this methyltransferase led to significant changes in gene transcription and increased susceptibility to metal ions, iron chelation, and oxidative stress. The findings suggest that methylation of specific motifs in gene promoters can have a significant impact on metabolic pathways, highlighting the importance of bacterial epigenetic modifications in bacterial physiology and pathogenesis. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the development of a serological assay to detect human IgG antibodies against Mycoplasma genitalium, a sexually transmitted pathogen that can cause reproductive tract diseases. The assay achieved a sensitivity of 87.1% and a specificity of 95.2%, distinguishing between M. genitalium and the closely related pathogen M. pneumoniae. This tool will help researchers better understand the relationship between M. genitalium infections and reproductive health complications. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Henan University in China have reported on the production of L-tyrosine in a recombinant Bacillus subtilis strain. The study optimized conditions for cell culture and catalytic reactions to enhance L-tyrosine production. By over-expressing the tyrosine phenol-lyase gene from Pantoea agglomerans in Bacillus subtilis, they achieved a high conversion rate of phenol and sodium pyruvate into L-tyrosine. This research lays the groundwork for potential practical applications in food-grade L-tyrosine production using whole-cell biocatalysis. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Lanzhou University of Technology in China have conducted a study on Rhodococcus erythropolis KB1, a petroleum-degrading bacterium. The study focused on the role of the DUF348 domains in the enzymatic and biological activities of the resuscitation promoting factor 2 (Rpf2) protein. Findings indicated that the DUF348 domains are crucial for the enzymatic activity, growth-promoting effect, and thermal stability of Rpf2. The research sheds light on the mechanisms of Rpf action and highlights the significance of the DUF348 domain in these processes. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by the Institute Pasteur Dakar focused on Extended-Spectrum b-Lactamase-producing Escherichia coli (ESBL- Ec) in broilers sold in markets in Dakar, Senegal. The research found that 61.7% of broilers carried ESBL- Ec in their cecum, with high resistance to b-lactam antibiotics and frequent multidrug resistance. The study detected ESBL genes in all isolates, with bla [ [CTX-M-1] ] being the most prevalent subgroup. The findings suggest a potential risk of transmission to humans through the food chain, emphasizing the importance of surveillance and intervention strategies to combat antimicrobial resistance. [Extracted from the article]

The article compares methods for assembling and annotating whole genomic sequences of avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (APEC) using two clones. The study found no significant difference between SPAdes and CLC Genomic Workbench for assembling short reads, and Unicycler provided a lower number of contigs and higher N50 compared to Flye when hybrid assembling short and long reads. The research highlights the importance of controlling automatic annotations and suggests further work to improve annotations in strains not belonging to specific lineages. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the analysis of Chlamydia trachomatis genomes from rectal samples, focusing on a new clade comprising ompA-genotype L4 from Argentina. The study extends the investigation of lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV) cases to Argentina and Finland, highlighting the diversity within the ompA-genotype L2b clade and the discovery of a novel clade of Argentinian samples with the proposed new ompA-genotype L4. The research provides insights into the evolution, genomic diversity, and transmission dynamics of C. trachomatis, particularly in the context of LGV outbreaks. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by researchers at the University of Anbar focused on detecting antibiotic resistance genes in locally isolated cyanobacteria species, including Oscillatoria. The research found that antibiotic resistance genes were present in both cyanobacteria and pathogenic bacteria, suggesting the potential for horizontal gene transfer. This study highlights the role of freshwater cyanobacteria in the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes in their environment. For more information, the full article can be accessed through Limnological Review. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Nankai University in China conducted a study on Escherichia coli, specifically the strain LF82, which is associated with Crohn's disease. The study focused on the two-component system RstAB, which promotes the pathogenicity of this strain in response to acidic conditions within macrophages. By identifying target genes and understanding the signal transduction pathway, the researchers gained insights into how LF82 replicates and colonizes the intestine, offering new perspectives for further studies on virulence mechanisms. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of how Escherichia coli interacts with macrophages and provides valuable information for future investigations. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Zhejiang University in China have published a study on a hypervirulent ST65 Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate carrying the mcr-8 gene. The study aimed to investigate the molecular characteristics and resistance mechanisms of this strain, which showed high resistance to colistin. The research highlights the importance of monitoring colistin-resistant and hypervirulent K. pneumoniae strains in the future. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the Infectious and Tropical Diseases Research Center conducted a study on Escherichia coli isolated from nosocomial urinary tract infections in Iran. The study focused on antibiotic susceptibility, biofilm formation, and the presence of virulence genes in 100 UPEC isolates collected from hospitalized patients. The research highlighted high levels of antibiotic resistance, the prevalence of virulence genes like fimA and hlyF, and the importance of controlling UPEC-related infections in healthcare settings. This study underscores the need for effective programs to address nosocomial UTIs caused by UPEC. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the University of Malaysia Terengganu conducted a study on Litopenaeus vannamei shrimp to investigate the effects of different salinity levels and Vibrio harveyi infection on the shrimp's transcriptome. The study found that shrimp cultured at an intermediate salinity level of 20 ppt exhibited the highest immunity level after infection, while low salinity levels increased disease susceptibility due to metal ion toxicity. The research suggests that both Vibrio harveyi and salinity stress activate immune and stress regulatory genes, which could be potential markers for future management strategies. The study was supported by the Malaysia Ministry of Higher Education and published in Comparative Immunology Reports. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Kufa focused on identifying beta-lactamase genes in nitrofurantoin-resistant gram-negative bacteria isolated from pregnant women. The research aimed to detect gram-negative urinary tract infection (UTI) isolates and beta-lactam resistance genes, with findings showing a high prevalence of bacteria among pregnant women in the third trimester. The study revealed that all nitrofurantoin-resistant gram-negative isolates had the ctx-m gene, with a significant prevalence of the AmpC gene, and the veb gene was only detected in P. aeruginosa isolates. The presence of oxa-like 5 genes was found in a portion of the isolates, while oxa-69 was not identified in the study. [Extracted from the article]

University of Lisbon researchers have made significant advancements in understanding Helicobacter pylori, a bacterium linked to gastric cancer. Their study focused on prophages, which can alter bacterial traits and impact pathogenicity. By analyzing the Helicobacter pylori Genome Project dataset, researchers identified prophage genomic content, population dynamics, and gene disruption effects. The study revealed new insights into prophage inactivation mechanisms and lysogeny regulation in H. pylori. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University in China conducted a study on Helicobacter pylori, focusing on the relationship between efflux pump gene expression and resistance gene mutations. The study found that efflux pump genes hefA and hefD were significantly higher in multidrug-resistant strains. Knockout of the efflux pump gene could delay or prevent antibiotic resistance gene mutations and reverse resistance to certain antibiotics in some strains. The research suggests that different resistance gene mutations may impact efflux pump gene expression differently. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Arizona State University conducted a study on multidrug-resistant Salmonella to understand how mechanical forces encountered in the host affect bacterial pathogenesis. By subjecting the bacteria to different fluid shear conditions, they observed incremental changes in gene expression and pathogenic phenotypes. This study sheds light on how bacteria respond to mechanical forces during infection, potentially impacting their disease-causing abilities. The research was published in Gut Microbes and can be accessed for free online. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the School of Architecture Civil & Environmental Engineering in Lausanne, Switzerland, have discovered that growth substrate limitation enhances anaerobic arsenic methylation by Paraclostridium bifermentans strain EML. This process involves the production of monomethylarsonous acid (MMAs(III)), which is toxic. The study suggests that microbe-microbe competition and interaction play a significant role in anaerobic arsenic methylation, highlighting the ecological importance of this process. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the Instituto de Investigacion have identified and isolated a bacteriophage with potential to control multidrug-resistant Salmonella strains that encode virulence factors associated with the promotion of precancerous lesions. The study focused on the epidemiological analysis of wastewater to isolate Salmonella strains and assess their antimicrobial susceptibility. The bacteriophage from the Autographiviridae family demonstrated promising preclinical potential as a biotherapeutic agent against Salmonella, showing stability and efficacy in reducing bacterial concentrations in simulated gastrointestinal conditions. This research was supported by Conahcyt Mexico and published in the journal Viruses. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Tongji University conducted a study to identify diagnostic biomarkers for Staphylococcus aureus bloodstream infection using bioinformatics analysis. They identified three hub genes (DRAM1, PSTPIP2, and UPP1) that showed significant expression differences and diagnostic efficacy in both human and mouse datasets. These genes were also found to correlate with various immune cell types. The study provides potential diagnostic biomarkers for patients with S. aureus bloodstream infection. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at the University of South China have developed an mRNA-based platform for preventing and treating Staphylococcus aureus infections by targeting staphylococcal enterotoxin B (SEB). The study highlights the potential of mRNA vaccines and antibodies in combating drug-resistant strains of S. aureus, with promising results in inducing immune responses and efficacy in mice. This research provides a foundation for further exploration of mRNA-based approaches in developing vaccines and antibodies against S. aureus infections. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University in China focused on the role of Klebsiella, a type of oral pathobiont, in gastrointestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The research identified a genomic locus called 'locus of colonization in the inflamed gut (LIG)' in Klebsiella aerogenes, which is associated with iron acquisition and host adhesion, enabling the bacteria to adapt to the inflamed gut mucosa. The study suggests that oral pathobionts like Klebsiella utilize specific adaptation mechanisms to colonize the gut during inflammation, distinct from their native oral niche. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine have conducted a study on Crohn's disease, focusing on the impact of antigenic operon fragmentation and diversification in Bacteroidota on gut metagenomics and pathobionts. The research found that Bacteroidota species isolated from Crohn's disease microlesions have fragmented operons and stimulate TNF-alpha from macrophages with low potency. Further studies are needed to understand the role of DNA insertions in pro-inflammatory operons and their potential implications for diagnostics and therapeutics in Crohn's disease. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Nagasaki University have identified the C/C genotype of rs1231760 in RGS2 as a risk factor for the progression of H. pylori-positive atrophic gastritis, which can lead to gastric cancer. Through genetic analysis and functional studies, they found that this genotype is associated with increased RGS2 expression, making it a potential biomarker for high-risk individuals. This study sheds light on the genetic factors influencing the development of gastric diseases and highlights the importance of investigating risk factors for disease progression. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses a study on linezolid resistance in Staphylococcus haemolyticus isolates from Egyptian ICU patients. The research identified two strains with mutations in the Domain V of the 23S rRNA gene, including a novel G2694C mutation. Both strains also carried the cfr gene, indicating resistance to linezolid. The study highlights the importance of monitoring cfr-carrying strains in healthcare settings in Egypt. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Hebrew University of Jerusalem conducted a study on Enterococcus faecalis, a bacterium often associated with endodontic treatment failures. The study focused on the antibacterial and antibiofilm effects of low concentrations of chlorhexidine (CHX) on E. faecalis to enhance treatment protocols. Results showed that CHX at low concentrations disrupted E. faecalis at multiple levels, from membrane damage to gene expression modulation, suggesting potential improvements in endodontic disinfection practices. The study was supported by the Cabakoff Foundation and published in Microorganisms. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Central South University conducted a study on Streptomyces sp. CB03234-GS26 to optimize its growth and production of Tiancimycins (TNMs), which are potential anticancer payloads. Through genome resequencing and comparisons, they identified key genotypes that enhance TNMs production, such as inactivation of histidine ammonia-lyase (HAL) and the importance of potassium/proton antiporter (P/PA) for intracellular pH homeostasis. The study suggests that targeting HAL and P/PA could regulate secondary metabolism, enhance strain robustness, and improve natural product development in Streptomyces. This research provides valuable insights for the industrial development of natural products from Streptomyces. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted by Islamic Azad University in Tehran, Iran, focused on methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from wound and blood samples. The research aimed to compare phenotypic and genotypic methods for detecting MRSA and identified the presence of the norA and mecA genes in the strains. The study concluded that the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in hospital samples is significant, with increased resistance to methicillin and ciprofloxacin observed in these strains. [Extracted from the article]

The article from Drug Week discusses a study conducted by the Central Research Institute of Epidemiology on Escherichia coli isolates collected from healthy puerperant women in the Ural Region, Russia. The research focused on the interrelation between pathoadaptability factors and CRISPR-element patterns in the genomes of these isolates. The study found that most isolates belonged to the B2 phylogroup and did not exhibit extensive drug resistance traits, except for two multidrug-resistant isolates. The data presented in the study will contribute to further scientific investigations on bacterial pathoadaptability, particularly in understanding the role of CRISPR/Cas systems in E. coli genome plasticity and evolution. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from Islamic Azad University conducted a study on Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strains isolated from hospitalized patients in Ahvaz, Iran. The study aimed to determine the prevalence, molecular types, and drug resistance patterns of MRSA. Results showed a high prevalence of MRSA isolates, with 68.3% of samples testing positive for MRSA and carrying the mecA gene. The researchers emphasized the need for increased monitoring of hospital infection control and proper antibiotic use to address the growing issue of antibiotic resistance. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Cochin University of Science and Technology in India focused on the transcriptional responses of two histone H2A-derived antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) in fish species when challenged with Vibrio vulnificus. The research utilized bioinformatics tools to analyze the genes encoding these peptides, assess their functional attributes, and evaluate their antimicrobial potential. The findings suggest that histone H2A-derived AMPs could serve as therapeutic agents in aquaculture settings, highlighting their significance in host defense mechanisms and bacterial interactions. For more information, the full article can be accessed through Elsevier's Comparative Immunology Reports. [Extracted from the article]

The article discusses the role of a small RNA, InvR, in regulating the expression of the Salmonella Pathogenicity Island 1 (SPI1) in Salmonella bacteria. The study found that InvR acts as a negative feedback regulator of SPI1 expression by inhibiting the translation of the hilA mRNA, which is essential for the activation of SPI1 genes. This research sheds light on the complex regulatory mechanisms controlling SPI1 and Salmonella virulence, emphasizing the importance of fine-tuning gene expression to prevent overactivation. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences in Tehran, Iran, focused on developing a new immunogenic protein to combat brucellosis, a disease transmitted from livestock to humans through contaminated dairy products. The study found that a designed recombinant polypeptide, when combined with chitin as an adjuvant, induced strong cellular and humoral immunity responses in guinea pigs, surpassing the effectiveness of the RB51 vaccine. This research, published in the Avicenna Journal of Medical Biotechnology, highlights the potential of innovative approaches in addressing public health concerns related to brucellosis. [Extracted from the article]

A study conducted in Yulin, China, found that food workers had higher rates of Salmonella carriage compared to non-food workers, indicating a potential public health concern. The research highlighted the diversity of Salmonella strains and antimicrobial resistance among food workers, suggesting a need for enhanced monitoring and interventions to reduce pathogen dissemination. The study emphasized the role of asymptomatic carriers in the spread of multidrug-resistant Salmonella and the importance of addressing this issue to mitigate risks. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers from the Chinese Academy of Sciences have developed a light-guided biohybrid system using cyanobacteria to deliver siRNA to tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) for cancer gene therapy. The system, called CTPA/siCSF1R, utilizes the self-driven and phototactic abilities of cyanobacteria to target TAMs within the tumor microenvironment. Experimental results show that this system effectively reprograms TAMs, induces an immune response, and inhibits tumor growth, offering a promising approach for safe and efficient nucleic acid delivery vectors in tumor photoimmunotherapy. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents new research findings on Staphylococcus aureus, focusing on the genetic basis of phage resistance in a model system relevant to potential phage therapy. The study isolated mutants of the S. aureus clinical isolate NRS384 that were resistant to phage K, revealing a single missense mutation in the host rpoC gene. The research sheds light on the transcriptional program of phage K and the impact of host RNA polymerase mutations on phage gene expression, providing insights into mechanisms of phage resistance. For more details, readers can refer to the original article in Viruses journal. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Beihua University in China conducted a study on tuberculosis, focusing on the construction of a circRNA-miRNA-mRNA ceRNA regulatory network and screening for diagnostic targets. The study highlighted the importance of early diagnosis and treatment of TB due to its global impact on human health. The research identified specific circRNAs, miRNAs, and mRNAs that could serve as potential diagnostic targets for tuberculosis, offering new insights into the disease and potential diagnostic methods. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study conducted at the Federal University Rio Grande do Sul in Porto Alegre, Brazil, focused on the antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella Heidelberg strains in poultry production. The research found that 98% of isolates were multidrug-resistant, with high resistance rates to various antibiotics. The study concluded that the presence of ESBL-producing and antimicrobial resistant strains poses a risk for the dissemination of highly resistant Salmonella Heidelberg in broiler flocks in Southern Brazil. [Extracted from the article]

Researchers at Federal University Dutsin-Ma conducted a study on multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains in three Nigerian tertiary hospitals. The study found that strains with the blaZ gene and multiple virulence determinants pose challenges in treating infections. The co-occurrence of the blaZ gene with other factors like biofilm formation highlights the risk of b-lactam-resistant S. aureus infections, emphasizing the need for continuous molecular surveillance for better infection management and treatment options. The study's limitations include the random selection of multidrug-resistant isolates, which may impact the comprehensiveness of the analyses. [Extracted from the article]

A recent study from Harvard Medical School evaluated the antimicrobial activity of synthetic lincosamides, iboxamycin and cresomycin, against ocular multidrug-resistant Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) isolates. The research found that both drugs were active against MRSA clonal complexes CC8 and CC5, with cresomycin displaying higher potency than iboxamycin. These findings suggest that iboxamycin and cresomycin show promising in vitro activity against ocular MRSA isolates, including those resistant to multiple drugs and carrying erm genes. [Extracted from the article]