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Objective: Little research has examined antecedents of specific drinking consequences (vomiting, regretted sex, hangover, blackouts) among college students. This research examined how students' experiences of past consequences relate to their beliefs of experiencing similar consequences in the future and how these beliefs relate to current drinking patterns. Method: Self-reported past drinking behavior and resulting consequences associated with specific occasions were assessed among 303 (66% women) college students. Students also estimated number of drinks associated with risk of experiencing future similar consequences. Results: Paired-samples t tests indicated that students significantly overestimated the number of drinks it would take to vomit, have unwanted sexual experiences, experience hangovers, and black out in comparison with the actual self-reported number of drinks consumed the last time identical consequences were experienced. In addition, a series of multiple-regression analyses revealed that greater misperceptions between the perceived and actual number of drinks associated with each type of consequence were consistently associated with heavier drinking. Conclusions: Results suggest that heavier-drinking students do not learn from their mistakes but instead overestimate the amount of alcohol they can consume without experiencing negative consequences. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed in terms of augmenting brief interventions aimed at heavy-drinking college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. : The purpose of surgical staging is to better determine prognosis and treatment. The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) stage IIIA endometrial cancer is a heterogenous disease, and adjuvant therapy is not well-defined. The aim of this study was to survey the Society of Gynecologic Oncologists (SGO) members and fellows about their approach to the treatment of patients with stage IIIA endometrial cancer. Methods. : All 850 members of the SGO were mailed surveys that asked how they would manage various case scenarios of stage IIIA endometrial cancer. Data were collected using an Internet survey database. Frequency distributions were determined, and nonparametric tests were performed. Results. : Fifty-three percent of SGO members and fellows responded. For the treatment of stage IIIA disease with malignant cytology only, adjuvant therapy was recommended 46%, 62%, and 98% of the time for women with grades 1, 2, and UPSC, respectively. Sixty-six percent of respondents would not remove malignant cytology from the current staging criteria. Ninety-nine percent of respondents recommended adjuvant therapy for patients with adnexal or serosal involvement. Eighty-six percent indicated that a hysteroscopy for diagnosis would not alter their treatment recommendations. Conclusions. : While most gynecologic oncologists in our survey recommend adjuvant therapy for stage IIIA endometrial carcinoma, our results showed that patients with malignant cytology only would receive different treatments than patients with adenxal or serosal involvement. Histology and grade of the tumor are predictors of therapy recommendations over malignant cytology. Most respondents agreed that patients with malignant cytology should remain in stage IIIA. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This paper presents a flexible modern approach to handling concomitant information for estimating the relative potency parameter in quantitative bioassays. This is accomplished in a semi-parametric framework where the concomitant variable is included non-parametrically. Estimation is then performed using smoothing splines where the point and interval estimators of the relative potency parameter exhibits desirable asymptotic properties. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Juvenile Tachypleus tridentatus and Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda with prosomal widths of between 17.1 and 91.1 mm were obtained from their nursery beaches in Hong Kong. They were kept in the laboratory and fed a mixture of squid, prawn and fish. Prosomal width and wet weight were measured weekly to obtain growth data. Over half of the individuals molted during a five and a half month captivity period. After every ecdysis, prosomal width and wet weight of T. tridentatus grew by averages of 24.2% and 71.5% over pre-molt measurements, respectively. Similar values were obtained for C. rotundicauda, i.e. 24.0% and 77.3%, respectively. Three T. tridentatus with prosomal widths of between 26.5 and 35.0 mm molted twice between 89 and 149 days, leading to an average growth rate of 0.1 mm·day−1 and 0.04 g·day−1 in terms of prosomal width and wet weight, respectively. A positive growth allometry (b coefficient=2.97) was identified, indicating that weight gain for T. tridentatus, and possibly C. rotundicauda, was faster than prosomal width growth after each ecdysis. The effect of temperature on growth was also determined by comparing the percentages of T. tridentatus which molted at ∼28 °C and ∼18 °C. Fifty percent of individuals molted at the former, but only 10% at the latter. This study indicates that Hong Kong horseshoe crabs take a shorter time to reach sexual maturity, as compared with conspecifics in Japan, because they can molt more frequently at higher sediment/water temperatures (∼28 °C) if food is available. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection, associated with dysbiosis of gut microbiota, has substantial disease burden in the USA. RBX2660 is a live biotherapeutic product consisting of a broad consortium of microbes prepared from human stool that is under investigation for the reduction of recurrent C. difficile infection. Methods: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase III study, with a Bayesian primary analysis integrating data from a previous phase IIb study, was conducted. Adults who had one or more C. difficile infection recurrences with a positive stool assay for C. difficile and who were previously treated with standard-of-care antibiotics were randomly assigned 2:1 to receive a subsequent blinded, single-dose enema of RBX2660 or placebo. The primary endpoint was treatment success, defined as the absence of C. difficile infection diarrhea within 8 weeks of study treatment. Results: Of the 320 patients screened, 289 were randomly assigned and 267 received blinded treatment (n = 180, RBX2660; n = 87, placebo). Original model estimates of treatment success were 70.4% versus 58.1% with RBX2660 and placebo, respectively. However, after aligning the data to improve the exchangeability and interpretability of the Bayesian analysis, the model-estimated treatment success rate was 70.6% with RBX2660 versus 57.5% with placebo, with an estimated treatment effect of 13.1% and a posterior probability of superiority of 0.991. More than 90% of the participants who achieved treatment success at 8 weeks had sustained response through 6 months in both the RBX2660 and the placebo groups. Overall, RBX2660 was well tolerated, with manageable adverse events. The incidence of treatment-emergent adverse events was higher in RBX2660 recipients compared with placebo and was mostly driven by a higher incidence of mild gastrointestinal events. Conclusions: RBX2660 is a safe and effective treatment to reduce recurrent C. difficile infection following standard-of-care antibiotics with a sustained response through 6 months. Clinical Trial Registration: NCT03244644; 9 August, 2017. Plain Language Summary: Clostridioides difficile is a diarrhea-causing bacterium that is associated with potentially serious and fatal consequences. Antibiotics used to treat or prevent infections have a side effect of damaging the healthy protective gut bacteria (microbiota). Damage to the gut microbiota can allow C. difficile to over-grow and produce toxins that injure the colon. Paradoxically, the standard of care treatment of C. difficile infection (CDI) is antibiotics. Although initially effective for the control of diarrhea, antibiotics can leave a patient at risk for CDI recurrence after antibiotic treatment is stopped. Live biotherapeutic products are microbiota-based treatments used to repair the gut microbiota. These products have been shown to reduce the recurrence of CDI. RBX2660 is an investigational microbiota-based live biotherapeutic. RBX2660 contains a diverse set of microorganisms. RBX2660 has been developed to reduce CDI recurrence in adults following antibiotic treatment for recurrent CDI. This study was conducted to demonstrate that RBX2660 is effective and safe in treating patients with recurrent CDI. Treatment was considered successful in participants who did not experience CDI recurrence within 8 weeks after administration. Overall, statistical modeling demonstrated that 70.6% of participants treated with RBX2660 and 57.5% of participants treated with placebo remained free of CDI recurrence through 8 weeks. A 13.1 percentage point increase in treatment success was observed with RBX2660 treatment compared with placebo. In participants who achieved treatment success at 8 weeks, more than 90% remained free of CDI recurrence through 6 months. The most common side effects with RBX2660 treatment were abdominal pain and diarrhea. No serious treatment-related side effects were reported. The current data from the comprehensive clinical development program support a positive benefit-risk profile for RBX2660 in the reduction of CDI recurrence in adults following antibiotic therapy for recurrent CDI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Motor vehicle crashes remain a leading cause of death among young adults (ages 18–25) in the United States. Many drivers implicated in these crashes are under the influence of alcohol, cannabis, or the simultaneous use of alcohol and cannabis. Extremely limited research has assessed impaired driving behaviors and their predictors at the daily level. Perceived norms and motives to use substances have empirical support suggesting they may impact impaired driving-related behavior. Novel approaches to assess these associations at the daily level are needed and may inform future intervention and prevention programs. Objective: The goal of the current study is to utilize electronic daily assessments to assess driving under the influence of alcohol, cannabis, or simultaneous use and riding with a driver impaired by these substances to assess variability and predictors of these impaired driving-related behaviors at the daily level. This present manuscript details a protocol, measures, and a plan of analyses to assess how within-person differences in perceived norms and motives to use are associated with the likelihood of engaging in impaired driving-related behaviors. Methods: Participants include young adults in Washington State who report simultaneous use in the past month and either driving under the influence of alcohol, cannabis, or simultaneous use, or riding with a driver under the influence of both substances in the past 6 months. Individuals who verify their identity and meet eligibility requirements will complete a baseline assessment after which they will be scheduled for training on the daily assessment procedure via Zoom. Next, they will be invited to complete daily surveys on Thursday, Friday, Saturday, and Sunday every other week for 6 months and a 6-month follow up assessment. Analyses will utilize multilevel models with days nested within individuals. Results: The study is currently recruiting participants. A total of 192 participants have been recruited and 100 have completed the study protocol. Data collection is expected to be completed in Fall 2022. Conclusions: This study utilizes a novel design to assess impaired driving and predictors at the daily level among young adults at high risk of impaired driving-related behaviors. Findings will provide unique data that will shape the knowledge base in the field of social science and public health substance use research and that may be helpful for future prevention and intervention efforts on impaired driving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• This is the first-in-human trial of both FMP013 and the ALFQ adjuvant. • The vaccine evinced significant humoral and cell mediated immunogenicity. • The vaccine demonstrated an acceptable safety profile. • The results of this trial have led to an efficacy trial using CHMI. The global burden of malaria remains substantial. Circumsporozoite protein (CSP) has been demonstrated to be an effective target antigen, however, improvements that offer more efficacious and more durable protection are still needed. In support of research and development of next-generation malaria vaccines, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research (WRAIR) has developed a CSP-based antigen (FMP013) and a novel adjuvant ALFQ (Army Liposome Formulation containing QS-21). We present a single center, open-label, dose-escalation Phase 1 clinical trial to evaluate the safety and immunogenicity of the FMP013/ALFQ malaria vaccine candidate. In this first-in-human evaluation of both the antigen and adjuvant, we enrolled ten subjects; five received 20 μg FMP013 / 0.5 mL ALFQ (Low dose group), and five received 40 μg FMP013 / 1.0 mL ALFQ (High dose group) on study days 1, 29, and 57. Adverse events and immune responses were assessed during the study period. The clinical safety profile was acceptable and there were no serious adverse events. Both groups exhibited robust humoral and cellular immunological responses, and compared favorably with historical responses reported for RTS,S/AS01. Based on a lower reactogenicity profile, the 20 μg FMP013 / 0.5 mL ALFQ (Low dose) was selected for follow-on efficacy testing by controlled human malaria infection (CHMI) with a separate cohort. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov Identifier NCT04268420 (Registered February 13, 2020) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report a very rare constitutional interstitial deletion of chromosome 1p defined within 1p34.3-36.11 bands with an intact pter. The diagnosis was made by standard cytogenetics and fluorescence in situ hybridi-zation (FISH) studies on a cordocentesis specimen obtained at 21 weeks gestation. Termination of pregnancy was performed at 22 weeks gestation due to the ultrasound diagnosis of congenital heart disease. Autopsy confirmed congenital heart disease (cardiomegaly, Ebstein's anomaly, secundum atrial septal defect, subendocardial fibroelastosis), pulmonary lymphangiectasis, a high arched palate, short neck, and bilateral long proximally implanted thumbs. To our knowledge, this is the first case of del(1)(p34.3p36.11) diagnosed prenatally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To determine the prevalence of von Willebrand disease in women presenting with menorrhagia.Systematic review of studies evaluating the prevalence of von Willebrand disease in women with menorrhagia.Hospital outpatient clinics (mainly gynaecological) and population surveys.Women presenting with menorrhagia.Relevant studies were extracted from MEDLINE search, bibliographies of identified articles and published proceedings of meetings and conferences.Number of women with von Willebrand disease.Eleven studies were included, totalling 988 women with menorrhagia. One hundred and thirty-one women were diagnosed to have von Willebrand disease with prevalences in individual studies ranging from 5% to 24%. The overall prevalence was 13% (95% CI 11–15.6%). The prevalence was higher in the European studies—18% (95% CI 15–23%) compared with that in North American studies—10% (95% CI 7.5–13%). This difference (P= 0.007) is likely to be the result of differences in the studies, which include method of recruitment of study population, method of assessing menstrual blood loss ethnic composition of study population, criteria for diagnosis and use of race- and ABO blood group-specific values for von Willebrand factor.The prevalence of von Willebrand disease is increased in women with menorrhagia and is the underlying cause in a small but significant group of women with menorrhagia across the world. Testing for this disorder should be considered when investigating women with menorrhagia, especially those of Caucasian origin, those with no obvious pelvic pathology or with additional bleeding symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The clinical significance and virulence potential of Enterococcus casseliflavus/flavescens and Enterococcus gallinarum are still uncertain. We retrospectively analyzed 56 cases of significant bacteremia caused by E. casseliflavus or E. gallinarum. Of these cases, 25 (44.6%) were associated with polymicrobial bacteremia, and 43 (76.8%) were associated with entry via the biliary tract. Resistance to vancomycin was observed in 17 (30.4%) of these 56 patients, and this resistance was significantly associated with E. gallinarum bacteremia (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 10.56; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.41-46.27) and bacteremia without biliary tract origin (AOR, 6.74; 95% CI, 1.44-31.67). The crude mortality rate was 13%, and the bacteremia-related mortality rate was 1.9%. In conclusion, bacteremia due to E. casseliflavus and E. gallinarum is commonly associated with biliary tract disease and may be associated with a low risk of mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

: BackgroundMany Korean-American women (KAW) are unaware of the importance of regular cancer screening. This research estimates rates and examines predictors of regular cervical cancer screening among KAW.: MethodsFace-to-face surveys were conducted with 459 KAW residing in Maryland. Study participants were recruited through Korean churches and senior housing.: ResultsThirty-nine percent of women had regular Pap smears. Regular Pap smear rates varied with age, with women 65 years and older least likely to have regular Pap smears. In multiple logistic regression, the strongest correlate of regular Pap smear was knowledge of guidelines. Physician recommendation, having health insurance, and having friends or family members receiving Pap smears were also important facilitators. Spoken English proficiency interacted with education for an outcome; women with a low level of education and low English proficiency had lower rates of Pap smears than those who had a high level of education and high proficiency. The most frequently given reason for lack of a regular Pap smear was a belief that screening was unnecessary if a woman had no symptoms of cervical cancer.: ConclusionsStrategies for education on screening guidelines, along with physician referrals, should be implemented. Culturally appropriate educational programs about cervical cancer screening should be developed for less educated and less acculturated immigrant women. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

This article focuses on the research on learning. The National Institute of Education (NIE) is solely responsible for the professional preparation of primary, secondary and junior colleges teachers for the school system in Singapore. Preparing new teachers to meet the demands of schools and classrooms in a knowledge-based economy and the vision of "Thinking Schools, Learning Nation," of the Ministry of Education has brought about the need for an internal review of teacher education programmes at NIE.

Several studies have suggested that patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) have sentence comprehension difficulty in part because of their limited executive resources. However, these assessments confound the executive resources contributing to sentence comprehension with the resources needed for task performance. In the present study, we used a word detection technique that minimizes task demands in order to evaluate attentional and processing speed resources during the comprehension of simple sentences without subordinate clauses and sentences containing subject-relative and object-relative center-embedded subordinate clauses. We found that PD patients have poor sensitivity to phonetic errors embedded in unbound grammatical morphemes, regardless of the clausal structure of the sentence, suggesting difficulty attending to grammatical morphemes. We also found that PD patients are significantly slowed in their sensitivity to phonetic errors in content words embedded in object-relative center-embedded sentences. Slowed sensitivity to content words in object-relative sentences was correlated with timed executive measures of planning. On a traditional measure of comprehension, these PD patients were impaired for sentences containing object-relative center-embedded clauses compared to sentences with subject-relative center-embedded clauses, and comprehension of object-relative sentences was correlated with executive measures. Our findings are consistent with the claim that limited executive resources for strategic attention and processing speed contribute to the sentence comprehension difficulties of PD patients. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

: Objectivesβ-Catenin has been previously associated with oncogenic activity in human cancers. We evaluated whether β-catenin also plays a role in papillary serous ovarian neoplasms.: MethodsImmunohistochemistry for β-catenin was performed on the primary ovarian serous neoplasms of 105 women. Of these, 10 were low malignant potential (LMP) serous tumors, and 95 were serous cancers. Nuclear β-catenin staining was correlated with grade of tumor and median survival. OVCAR-3, OVCA-420, OVCA-432, and MDAH-277-10c were evaluated for β-catenin localization and transfected with a T-cell factor (TCF) responsive reporter to evaluate β-catenin transcriptional activity.: ResultsOf 105 serous tumors, 13 (12.3%) demonstrated β-catenin nuclear staining. Eleven of 48 high-grade serous carcinomas (23.0%) demonstrated nuclear staining compared with 1 low-grade serous carcinoma (2.1%) (P = 0.006). One LMP tumor had nuclear staining. β-Catenin nuclear localization was undetectable in the cell lines tested. Furthermore, transient transfection of the cell lines with a TCF-responsive reporter did not demonstrate significant constitutive transcriptional activation.: ConclusionsWe found a statistically significant correlation between β-catenin nuclear localization and ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas. Thus, deregulation of β-catenin may play a role in the pathogenesis of ovarian high-grade serous carcinomas in contrast to ovarian low-grade serous carcinomas and LMP serous tumors. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Patients with Parkinson''s disease (PD) have sentence comprehension difficulty, but it is unclear whether this is due to a deficit in grammatical processing or to an executive resource limitation. To assess grammatical processing in PD while minimizing task-related demands, PD patients and healthy control subjects performed a word detection procedure that assesses sensitivity to grammatical agreements in sentences in an “on-line” fashion. With this technique, we found that control subjects and PD patients are equally sensitive to grammatical agreement violations in sentences. A traditional, resource-demanding measure of sentence comprehension was also administered to the same PD patients. In comparison to healthy controls, PD patients were significantly impaired in their relative comprehension of sentences containing object-gap subordinate clauses compared to subject-gap subordinate clauses. Performance on several executive resource measures was also impaired in PD, and this correlated with their comprehension performance. Sensitivity to grammatical agreements with the word detection procedure, in the context of sentence comprehension difficulty on a traditional measure, suggests that PD patients'' executive resource limitations contribute to their sentence comprehension difficulty. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Describes the challenges of a new teacher in a self-contained classroom for six kindergarten students with autism and autistic-like behaviors. Institution of a new program; Planning instruction based on government instructional standards; Scrutiny of parents; Task of coordinating the progress and development of Individualized Education Programs; Induction program undertaken that included mentoring; Support and resources.

There are very few true breast emergencies. While infrequent, women do present to emergency departments or urgent care centres with breast‐related concerns. In this case‐based review, both common and uncommon urgent and emergent breast lesions are presented, emphasising ultrasound characteristics and imaging optimisation to improve accurate diagnosis and appropriate recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the years directly following the Second Vatican Council under the guidance of its second bishop Mons. Enrique Pelach i Feliu, the Andean diocese of Abancay—founded in 1959 in one of the most rural and most indigenous areas of Peru—experienced the founding of a new seminary intended to train a new generation of native clergy, and a concerted clerical effort to revive and promote the Marian pilgrimage of the Virgin of Cocharcas. The former meant the advent of a generation of native clergy made up of men born and raised in rural farming families in Abancay and native speakers of Quechua, the local indigenous language, which transformed the relationship between the institutional Church and indigenous Catholics from one rooted in antipathy and hostility to one based in a shared cultural background and language. The latter meant the elevation of the indigenous figure of Sebastian Quimichu as exemplar of both Andean Catholic faith and practice for his role in founding the Marian shrine of Cocharcas, and the legitimisation of popular Andean Catholic practices that had previously been stigmatised. This article provides a dual historical and ethnographic account of these events, and in doing so demonstrates the profound transformation of rural Andean lived religion and practice in the years following Vatican II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of protease inhibitor (PI) drugs in treatment regimens for HIV-infected patients with hereditary bleeding disorders has been associated with an increased bleeding tendency. To characterize the nature of this bleeding tendency, a retrospective case record analysis was performed on 67 HIV-positive patients with hereditary bleeding disorders who had been treated with PI therapy. 34 patients (51%) developed an increased bleeding tendency on PI therapy, usually within the first few weeks of treatment. As well as an increase in usual joint bleeds, patients developed spontaneous atypical small joint, soft tissue and muscle bleeds. Haematuria was also common. Bleeding episodes tended to respond suboptimally to factor concentrate replacement. Ritonavir was most likely to be associated with bleeding. Nine patients switched first-line PI therapy as a direct consequence of bleeding and seven had no further bleeding problem on their second PI. Factor concentrate usage was significantly increased during the first 6 months of PI therapy compared to the 6 months preceeding treatment. PI therapy is frequently associated with increased bleeding in patients with hereditary bleeding disorders. The mechanism of the bleeding tendency remains to be elucidated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interviews Rosemary Biggs, an expert on hemophilia and founder of the Hemophilia Centers. Development of a method to measure factor VIII, the factor lacking in hemophilia; Center's members; Difference between Christmas disease and hemophilia.

Foods containing provitamin A carotenoids are the primary source of vitamin A in many countries, despite the poor bioavailability of carotenoids. In addition, epidemiologic studies suggest that dietary intake of carotenoids influences the risk for certain types of cancer, cardiovascular disease and other chronic diseases. Although it would be ideal to use humans directly to answer critical questions regarding carotenoid absorption, metabolism and effects on disease progression, appropriate animal models offer many advantages. This paper will review recent progress in the development of animal models with which to study this class of nutrients. Each potential model has strengths and weaknesses. Like humans, gerbils, ferrets and preruminant calves all absorb beta-carotene (betaC) intact, but only gerbils and calves convert betaC to vitamin A with efficiency similar to that of humans. Mice and rats efficiently convert betaC to vitamin A but absorb carotenoids intact only when they are provided in the diet at supraphysiologic levels. Mice, rats and ferrets can be used to study cancer, whereas primates and gerbils are probably more appropriate for studies on biomarkers of heart disease. No one animal model completely mimics human absorption and metabolism of carotenoids; thus the best model must be chosen with consideration of the specific application being studied, characteristics of the model, and the available funding and facilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assesses the nutritional availability of protein-bound riboflavin in the egg white to the chicken embryo using the riboflavin-deficient mutant. Injection of riboflavin, maternal riboflavin-binding protein (RfBP) and Rbfp riboflavin into rd/rd eggs; Lethal consequences of apo-RfBP to rd/rd embryos.

Examines the progression of HIV diseases in a hemophilic cohort and the effect of treatment. Treatment with zidovudine or placebo; Symptoms of HIV infection, AIDS and death; Estimation of the rate of progression.

Vitamin A (VA) deficiency remains a serious problem in the world today. Current approaches to preventing or treating VA deficiency, including dietary intervention with provitamin A compounds, rely on the body converting ingested beta-carotene (betaC) to VA. However, it is not known whether betaC that is already in the tissues can be used as a source of VA to prevent deficiency. The objectives of these studies were to determine whether tissue betaC stores are converted to VA when the Mongolian gerbils have low VA status and whether previously fed betaC is retained in the tissues for later conversion to VA. In the first study, gerbils were prefed diets with betaC (20.3 +/- 6.2 nmol/g diet) (+betaC) or without betaC (-betaC), and with VA [2.4 +/- 1.5 nmol/g diet (+betaC diet) or 12.0 +/- 4.2 nmol/g diet (-betaC diet)] for 7 d, and then depleted of both betaC and VA for up to 84 d. On d 0 after the prefeeding period, hepatic betaC stores were 13.3 +/- 9.1 nmol. These stores were significantly lower after 28d of consuming the -VA/-betaC diet (2.16 +/- 1.7 nmol), even though the hepatic VA concentrations did not change. In the second study, the gerbils were prefed a -VA/+betaC diet (74.3 +/- 19. 7 nmol betaC/g diet) for 7 d, and then fed a betaC-free diet either with (7.1 +/- 1.4 nmol/g) or without VA for up to 34 d. Hepatic betaC stores after the 7-d prefeeding period were 38.1 +/- 20.6 nmol, and were significantly higher than after 7d of consuming either a +VA/-betaC (12.4 +/- 10.8 mmol) or -VA/-betaC diet (11.4 +/- 8.0 nmol). The results from both studies suggest that a substantial amount of hepatic betaC is rapidly lost when betaC is eliminated from the diet and therefore is not conserved to meet later VA needs. The presence of VA in the diet (Study 2) did not affect the rate of betaC loss from the serum and tissues. Moreover, no evidence was found that the stored betaC was utilized for VA. The data suggest that there may be two pools of hepatic betaC, one that is lost rapidly and another that is lost more slowly over time, but losses are not affected by VA status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Presents a study evaluating conversion of beta-carotene to vitamin A in Mongolian gerbils. Details on study conducted; Information on materials and methods utilized during study; Results of study; Discussion on results.

Objective To examine health concerns among community college (CC) students by (1) identifying and coding the self-reported health issues facing CC students and (2) examining demographic and psychosocial variables associated with health categories. Participants: 946 CC students (Mage = 26.37) recruited from January 2017 to February 2017 who completed a screening survey for a larger study. Students were asked to "List three health issues facing Community College students today." Methods: Health issues were coded into broad categories and subcategories. Results: Among the 2,601 health issues reported, one-third were medical health (36%), one-third were mental health (33%), with substance use (14%), other health (14%), and access to health care (3%) also reported. The most commonly identified health issues were "general medical issues," "stress," "depression," and "sleep." Conclusions: Programmatic efforts to support CC students and promote prevention/intervention strategies for mental health, sleep, substance use, access to health care, and general medical concerns, remain essential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wildfires increase runoff and sediment yields that impact downstream ecosystems. While the effects of wildfire on stream water quality are well documented, oceanic responses to wildfire remain poorly understood. Therefore, this study investigated oceanic responses to the 2018 Woolsey Fire using satellite remote sensing and in situ data analyses. We examined 2016–2020 turbidity plume (n = 192) and 2008–2020 fecal indicator bacteria (FIB, n = 15,015) measurements at variable proximity to the Woolsey Fire. Shifts in coastal water quality were more pronounced in the "inside" region, which drained the burn area. The inside region experienced 2018–2019 plume surface area monthly means that were 10 and 9 times greater than 2016–2017 and 2017–2018 monthly means, respectively. Further, linear regressions showed that 2018–2019 three-day precipitation totals produced plumes of greater surface area. We also noted statistically significant increases in the inside region in 2018–2019 total coliform and Enterococcus monthly means that were 9 and 53 times greater than 2008–2018 monthly means, respectively. These results indicate that sediment and microbial inputs to coastal ecosystems can increase substantially post-wildfire at levels relevant to public and environmental health, and underscore the benefit of considering remote sensing and in situ measurements for water quality monitoring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growth hormone (GH) actions via initiating cell signalling through the GH receptor (GHR) are important for many physiological processes, in addition to its well-known role in regulating growth. The activation of JAK-STAT signalling by GH is well characterized, however knowledge on GH activation of SRC family kinases (SFKs) is still limited. In this review we summarise the collective knowledge on the activation, regulation, and downstream signalling of GHR. We highlight studies on GH activation of SFKs and the important outcome of this signalling pathway with a focus on the different degradation mechanisms that can regulate GHR availability since this is an area that warrants further study considering its role in tumour progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The ECOsystem Spaceborne Thermal Radiometer Experiment on Space Station (ECOSTRESS) provides remotely-sensed estimates of evapotranspiration at 70 m spatial resolution every 1–5 days, sampling across the diurnal cycle. This study, in partnership with an operational water management organization, the Eastern Municipal Water District (EMWD) in Southern California, was conducted to evaluate estimates of evapotranspiration under ideal conditions where water is not limited. EMWD regularly uses a ground-based network of reference evapotranspiration (ETo) from the California Irrigation Management Information System (CIMIS); yet, there are gaps in spatial coverage and questions of spatial representativeness and consistency. Space-based potential evapotranspiration (PET) estimates, such as those from ECOSTRESS, provide consistent spatial coverage. We compared ECOSTRESS ETo (estimated from PET) to CIMIS ETo at five CIMIS sites in Riverside County, California from July 2018–June 2020. We found strong correlations between CIMIS ETo and ECOSTRESS ETo across all five sites (R2 = 0.89, root mean square error (RMSE) = 0.11 mm hr−1). Both CIMIS and ECOSTRESS ETo captured similar seasonal patterns through the study period as well as diurnal variability. There were site-specific differences in the relationship between ECOSTRESS AND CIMIS, in part due to spatial heterogeneity around the station site. Consequently, careful examination of landscapes surrounding CIMIS sites must be considered in future comparisons. These results indicate that ECOSTRESS successfully retrieves PET that is comparable to ground-based reference ET, highlighting the potential for providing observation-driven guidance for irrigation management across spatial scales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Among two-year college students, alcohol and marijuana use, related consequences, and risk factors for use are not well understood. We examined differences between two- and four-year students in alcohol and marijuana use, consequences, and perceived descriptive norms, and explored whether two-year status moderated associations between norms and use. Participants: Data were drawn from a cross-sectional subsample of two- and four-year students aged 18–23 (n = 517) participating in a longitudinal study on alcohol use. Results: Four-year students reported greater alcohol use and consequences than two-year students; two-year students reported greater marijuana use than four-year students. Perceived alcohol and marijuana norms were positively related with use; two-year status did not moderate these associations. Conclusions: Perceived alcohol and marijuana norms function similarly for two- and four-year students in terms of associations to actual use. Adapting normative interventions for two-year students may be an effective strategy for reducing high-risk use among this underserved population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key Points: ETD symptoms are present in 16% patients with underlying skull base pathology.Preoperative ETD symptoms improve following surgical treatment of skull base pathology.ETD symptoms may worsen in patients with central, posterior, or malignant skull base pathology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Young adulthood is a developmental period during which individuals experience shifts in their social roles in various domains, which coincides with a period of time that is also high risk for lifetime peaks in alcohol use. The current study examined age‐related changes in heavy episodic drinking (HED) and high‐intensity drinking (HID) and associations with short‐term (i.e., monthly) variation in young adults' social roles over a 2.5‐year period in a community sample of young adults who reported past‐year alcohol use (N = 778, baseline age range 18–23). Results showed probabilities of past‐month HED and HID changed in a nonlinear fashion across ages 18–26 with greater probabilities of use at younger ages. Most participants did not report being in the same social role status every sampled month, underscoring the presence of short‐term role variation. Living with parents and being in a serious romantic relationship in a given month were negatively associated with past‐month HED. Living with parents in a given month was also negatively associated with past‐month HID. Being a 4‐year college student and being employed full‐time in a given month were not significantly related to either outcome. Findings provided partial evidence that monthly statuses were associated with heavy drinking. Several avenues for future research are described in light of the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, published in the Journal of Neurological Surgery, discusses a case presentation of a 2-year-old boy with a tubero-infundibular craniopharyngioma. The boy had a history of previous surgeries and developed visual abnormalities due to the growth of the tumor. The authors used an endoscopic endonasal transplanum approach to completely remove the tumor, resulting in improvement of visual symptoms. However, the patient did develop diabetes insipidus postoperatively. The article provides valuable insights into the treatment of pediatric patients with craniopharyngioma. [Extracted from the article]

This article, titled "Transcavernous Resection of Adenoma Embedded in Medial Wall in MRI-Negative Cushing Disease," discusses the case of a 26-year-old woman with Cushing disease who initially had a negative MRI. However, further testing revealed evidence of an adenoma on the right side of the sella, entering the cavernous sinus wall. The video accompanying the article demonstrates the technique used to access the medial wall of the cavernous sinus and the main criteria for resecting the medial wall. The authors of the article are Alix Bex, Vera Vigo, Enrico Gambatesa, Christine Lee, Zara Patel, Laurence Katznelson, Nancy Fischbein, and Juan Fernandez-Miranda. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the surgical anatomy of the transmastoid transcervical intradural approach to the jugular foramen, which is a challenging area for skull base surgeons due to the presence of critical structures. The approach is versatile and allows for modifications to tailor it to specific tumors. The article provides a detailed description of the surgical steps and relevant anatomy, including variations such as vertebral artery transposition and facial nerve rerouting. The transmastoid transcervical intradural approach provides excellent exposure to the jugular foramen and surrounding areas, but precise knowledge of the anatomy is crucial due to the complex relationships of vital structures in this region. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the impact of adjuvant and salvage radiation therapy in conventional type 2 chondrosarcomas (cCSA 2). The study analyzed a database of 71 patients with cCSA 2 and reviewed patient demographics, radiologic features, and treatment outcomes. The results showed that adjuvant radiation therapy significantly decreased the likelihood of disease progression, particularly after incomplete resection. Proton-based radiotherapy was found to be more effective than photon-based radiotherapy in controlling the disease. The study concludes that surgery followed by close follow-up is an acceptable decision for complete resection, and the use of radiation therapy is more beneficial after incomplete resection. [Extracted from the article]

This article, published in the Journal of Neurological Surgery, examines the impact of the transcavernous extension of the endonasal endoscopic approach on posterior pituitary function for the resection of pituitary adenomas. The study retrospectively reviewed 290 patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal resection of pituitary adenomas and compared the incidence of postoperative diabetes insipidus (DI) between groups based on the occurrence of transcavernous extension. The results showed that the transcavernous approach with medial wall of the cavernous sinus (MWCS) resection did not increase the risk of postoperative DI. [Extracted from the article]

This article, titled "Risk of Venous Thromboembolism in Endoscopic Skull Base Surgery: A Systematic Review," examines the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE) in endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS) and identifies associated risk factors. The study conducted a systematic literature search and analyzed 39 publications that met the criteria. The pooled VTE rate was found to be 1.9%, with subgroup analyses indicating a pulmonary embolism (PE) rate of 0.9% and a deep vein thrombosis (DVT) rate of 1.4%. Certain factors, such as meningioma, Cushing's syndrome, craniopharyngioma, and chordoma, were associated with an increased risk of VTE. The study also identified potential risk factors, including lumbar drainage placement exceeding a week, prolonged hospital stays, advanced age, malignancies, endocrinopathies, elevated Caprini score, and recent history of stroke. However, there was insufficient data to provide conclusive practice recommendations regarding perioperative anticoagulation. The findings of this study may help inform decision-making and guide future investigations to optimize patient outcomes in ESBS. [Extracted from the article]

This article, published in the Journal of Neurological Surgery, explores the patency of the cavernous sinus (CS) after medial wall resection. The study included 66 patients who underwent endoscopic endonasal approach (EEA) surgeries to resect CS-invading tumors. The results showed that CS patency was achieved in 85% of patients within the first 12 months and 92% by 18 months. Bilateral resection of the CS medial wall and resection for the removal of meningiomas were associated with increased rates of nonpatency. However, the study found that patency versus nonpatency did not have any significant difference in postoperative adverse events or effects. [Extracted from the article]

This article, published in the Journal of Neurological Surgery, examines the use of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence angiography to evaluate the impact of surgical and patient factors on the vascular perfusion of nasoseptal flaps (NSFs) in endoscopic skull base surgery (ESBS). The study found that tobacco smokers had lower baseline fluorescence intensity compared to nonsmokers, and patients who underwent a transpterygoid approach had a greater decrease in fluorescence intensity following reconstruction. Other factors, such as revision case, timing of flap harvest, and concurrent septoplasty, did not significantly influence fluorescence intensity. The article concludes that tobacco use and transpterygoid approaches may be associated with decreased vascular perfusion of NSFs. [Extracted from the article]

This article, titled "Outcomes of the Middle Turbinate Swing Technique during the Expanded Endonasal Approach (EEA): A Tertiary Center Experience," explores the use of the middle turbinate (MT) swing technique in skull base surgery. The MT swing technique involves detaching the posterior and lateral attachments of the middle turbinate to allow it to swing laterally into the maxillary sinus, providing better access to the skull base. The study analyzed surgeries performed between January 2021 and August 2023, finding that the MT swing technique did not compromise skull base exposure or tumor resection and had low rates of complications. The authors suggest that further research is needed to investigate the long-term benefits of preserving the middle turbinate during skull base surgery. [Extracted from the article]

Genome doubling is an underlying cause of cancer cell aneuploidy and genomic instability, but few drivers have been identified for this process. Due to their physiological roles in the genome reduplication of normal cells, we hypothesised that the oncogenes cyclins E1 and E2 may be drivers of genome doubling in cancer. We show that both cyclin E1 (CCNE1) and cyclin E2 (CCNE2) mRNA are significantly associated with high genome ploidy in breast cancers. By live cell imaging and flow cytometry, we show that cyclin E2 overexpression promotes aberrant mitosis without causing mitotic slippage, and it increases ploidy with negative feedback on the replication licensing protein, Cdt1. We demonstrate that cyclin E2 localises with core preRC (pre-replication complex) proteins (MCM2, MCM7) on the chromatin of cancer cells. Low CCNE2 is associated with improved overall survival in breast cancers, and we demonstrate that low cyclin E2 protects from excess genome rereplication. This occurs regardless of p53 status, consistent with the association of high cyclin E2 with genome doubling in both p53 null/mutant and p53 wildtype cancers. In contrast, while cyclin E1 can localise to the preRC, its downregulation does not prevent rereplication, and overexpression promotes polyploidy via mitotic slippage. Thus, in breast cancer, cyclin E2 has a strong association with genome doubling, and likely contributes to highly proliferative and genomically unstable breast cancers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We explore properties of braids such as their fractional Dehn twist coefficients, right-veeringness, and quasipositivity, in relation to the transverse invariant from Khovanov homology defined by Plamenevskaya for their closures, which are naturally transverse links in the standard contact 3-sphere. For any 3-braid β , we show that the transverse invariant of its closure does not vanish whenever the fractional Dehn twist coefficient of β is strictly greater than one. We show that Plamenevskaya's transverse invariant is stable under adding full twists on n or fewer strands to any n -braid, and use this to detect families of braids that are not quasipositive. Motivated by the question of understanding the relationship between the smooth isotopy class of a knot and its transverse isotopy class, we also exhibit an infinite family of pretzel knots for which the transverse invariant vanishes for every transverse representative, and conclude that these knots are not quasipositive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mechanism of thrombopoietin receptor (TPOR)/JAK/STAT signalling regulation by the negative regulator, LNK (an SH2-containing adaptor protein) is still not fully understood. Improved understanding of these mechanisms will reveal novel areas for drug development to improve current treatment strategies for haematological malignancies such as myeloproliferative neoplasms and leukaemia as mutations in LNK has been shown to be involved in these diseases. Domains of LNK that may interact with and regulate JAK2 and/or TPOR activity in co-operation with its SH2 domain were investigated. The SH2 domain of LNK and its family members has been previously shown to bind to JAK2 (phosphorylated Tyr813). Through our signalling assay, we found that the proline dimerisation domain (Pro/DD), besides the SH2 domain, is crucial to maintain LNK inhibitory effects and that deletion of this domain enhanced JAK2-STAT3 and ERK1/2 signalling. Our co-immunoprecipitation results also suggested that the Pro/DD is a potential site that associates with TPOR whilst its SH2 anchor to JAK2. Additionally, we showed that LNK preferentially binds TPOR when JAK2 is present (the presence of JAK2 aids in stabilising this interaction) and that LNK plays a role in maintaining TPOR stability. Overall, we discovered a novel site of LNK, the Pro/DD, which plays a role in inhibiting the JAK-STAT pathway via TPOR. This discovery will help us to better understand how LNK inhibits this pathway and in turn will aid in the development of LNK mimetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Myocarditis can develop as a complication of various infections and is most commonly linked to enterovirus infections. Myocarditis is rarely associated with bacterial infections; salmonellosis and shigellosis have been the most frequently reported bacterial cause. We report a case of myocarditis related to Campylobacter jejuni enteritis. Case Presentation: A 30-year-old previously healthy man presented with a history of prolonged chest pain radiating to the jaw and the left arm. Five days prior to the onset of chest pain, he developed bloody diarrhea, fever and chills. Creatine kinase (CK) and CK-MB were elevated to 289 U/L and 28.7 µg/L. Troponin I was 30.2 µg/L. The electrocardiogram (ECG) showed T wave inversion in the lateral and inferior leads. The chest pain resolved within 24 hours of admission. The patient had a completely normal ECG stress test. The patient was initiated on ciprofloxacin 500 mg po bid when Campylobacter jejuni was isolated from the stool. Diarrhea resolved within 48 hours of initiation of ciprofloxacin. The diagnosis of Campylobacter enteritis and related myocarditis was made based on the clinical and laboratory results and the patient was discharged from the hospital in stable condition. Conclusion: Myocarditis can be a rare but severe complication of infectious disease and should be considered as a diagnosis in patients presenting with chest pain and elevated cardiac enzymes in the absence of underlying coronary disease. It can lead to cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure. There are only a few reported cases of myocarditis associated with Campylobacter infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abnormalities of chromosome 7 are a frequent finding in myelocytic malignancies and are associated with a poor prognosis. Based on chromosome banding analysis, two critical regions have been identified: one in band 7q22 and the second in region 7q32∼q35. The chromosomal breakpoint in band 7q22 appears to be heterogeneous and may involve tumor suppressor gene(s). Constitutional rearrangements of 7q22 have rarely been reported in myeloid malignancies. To our knowledge, this is the first report in the literature of a myeloproliferative disorder with a constitutional t(1;7)(q42;q22). [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Estuaries worldwide are experiencing stress due to increased droughts, which often prompt intervention by environmental managers and government agencies. Effective management of water resources in estuarine systems can be enhanced by new technologies and methodologies to support decision-making processes. Here, we evaluate the use of high-frequency, high-resolution satellite remote sensing within two managementrelevant case studies in the San Francisco Estuary and the Sacramento--San Joaquin River Delta. We used a remote sensing-derived time series of turbidity maps to (1) identify favorable turbidity conditions for the endangered fish species, delta smelt (Hypomesus transpacificus), during the height of the great California drought in the dry season of 2015, and (2) evaluate changes in turbidity following the installation of an emergency saltwater intrusion barrier. The mapping results indicate several persistent areas of turbidity refugia throughout the summer in the north and west Delta; however, there was infrequent connectivity. A comparison of images captured during ebb tides before and after barrier installation showed a mean increase of 6.6 Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTU) in the San Joaquin River and 4 NTU in Fisherman's Cut. Our assessment of the barrier supports previous findings, which used field samples to conclude barrier installation may have resulted in increased turbidity near the barrier and enhances these findings by providing spatial context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses a study on the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant infections among incarcerated persons in a federal prison in Texas during July-August 2021. The study found that the attack rate was higher among unvaccinated individuals compared to fully vaccinated individuals, highlighting the importance of vaccination and implementation of prevention strategies in congregate living environments like correctional facilities to limit COVID-19 transmission.

The current study visualized attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptom networks in a longitudinal sample of participants across childhood and adolescence with exploratory examination of age and gender effects. Eight hundred thirty-six children ages 7-13 years were followed annually for 8 years in total. Across parent and teacher report, results suggested "is easily distracted" and "difficulties sustaining attention" as central symptoms across three testing points (i.e., Year 1, Year 3, and Years 5-8 collapsed). "Difficulties following instructions" and "intrudes/interrupts" also emerged as parent-reported central symptoms. Assessment of network structure across the three testing points suggested global robustness of relations among ADHD symptoms from midchildhood into early adolescence. However, relations among symptoms that cause problems in school settings (i.e., being easily distracted) were stronger in teacher-reported than parent-reported networks. When aggregated into a sum score, central symptoms during Year 1 predicted total difficulties related to mental health problems 5 years later just as well as all 18 symptoms. Central symptoms of ADHD may be useful as screeners of future emotional and behavioral difficulties. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]