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A novel method was developed for the synthesis of a family of dinuclear metal-metal bonded RhII2 carboxylate complexes possessing two syn chelate groups. The chelates were characterized as bidentate or tridentate units. The species that contained bidentate chelates exhibited reversible reduction processes that were ligand-based. Furthermore, the acetato trinuclear analogue exhibited a molecular structure that was composed of three pyridine terminal ligands.

Molecular aggregations of a series of annular dinuclear gold(I) complexes containing diphosphine and dithiolate ligands were observed both in the solid state and in solution. In the solid state, degrees of molecular association depended on the bridging ligands. On the other hand, the annular dinuclear gold(I) compounds with bridging diphosphine ligands exhibited dimerizations through intermolecular Au-Au interactions in solution.

A novel synthetic method was developed for the formation of new complexes with 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-diolate bridging ligands. The synthetic process inlvolved the utilization of (dpcat)Pt(dbbpy) (dpcat = dipyridocatecholate, dbbpy = di-tert-butyl-bipyridine) as a starting material. The complex was also linked to other metal-ligand moieties through the diimine functionality to form the multinuclear complexes with Pt centers.

A series of lutidine adducts was synthesized from the reactions of ZnEt2 with thioacetic and thiopivalic acids. Analysis of the solid-state structure of the resulting M(SOCR)2Lut2 indicated the presence of isostructural zinc and cadmium analogs that are similar to the molecular structure to thioacetate compounds. The monomeric group 12 metal thiocarboxylate compounds also exhibited monodentate and S-bonded thiocarboxylate ligands with metal units that were bonded to two lutidine molecules.

The reaction of omicron-diaminobenzo-15-crown-5 and 1,10-phenanthroline-5,6-dione in alcohol led to the formation of a dypyrido[3,2-a:2',3'-c]phenazo-15-crown-5 (dppzc) ligand. The ruthenium(II)-dppzc complexes in acetonitrile exhibited high spectral emission intensity due to the blocking of the photo-induced electron transfer quenching mechanism during cation inclusion. Furthermore, the spectator ligands exhibited negligible effects on the crown ligand and did not alter binding ability.

The solution behavior and reactivity of [(CH3)4N]2[Hg(SC6H5)4] and [(C4H9)4N][Hg(SC6H5)3] complexes with (CH3O)3PO were analyzed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Spectroscopic analysis of the reaction between the mercury thiolate complexes and (CH3O)3PO indicated the presence of a pseudo-first-order rate constant for methyl transfer that was similar to benzenethiolate. Furthermore, the solution reactivity of the [(CH3)4N]2[Hg(SC6H5)4] was dependent on the dissociated thiolate.

The complexing properties of the octamine cage were analyzed based on the characterization of its crystal structure via single-crystal X-ray crystallography. The inclusion of Ni(II) and Cu(II) metals into the octamine cage was characterized by the protonation of the uncoordinated nitrogen atoms of the cage during the demetalation process. X-ray analysis of the octamine cage indicated the presence of methylene groups that link the apical tertiary nitrogen atoms of the ethylenediamine fragments.

Mononuclear (R2PC2H4PT2)Ni(eta2-C8H8) complexes were synthesized by the reaction of COT with (R2PC2H4PR2)Ni(C2H4) complex. The resulting Ni(0) complexes were composed of COT ligands exhibiting semiaromatic and olefinic forms. The properties of the mono- and dinuclear Ni(0) complexes containing phosphines and COT were also dependent on the binding modes of the semiaromatic and olefinic ligands. Furthermore, the dinuclear Ni(0) complex exhibited a tub-shaped, central COT ligand with two pairs of trans-annular C=C bonds that chelated artificially coordinated T-4 [(dippe)Ni(0)] units.

The novel scanning force microscopy (SFM)-based assay for weakly-binding ligands was utilized to determine the molecular characteristics of DNA-ligand interactions. The novel SFM assay can be utilized as an alternative strategy for the high-precision analysis of the length of single DNA molecules. The novel assay was also used for confirming the absence of DNA sequence lengthening during interactions with Ru(phen)sub2sup3+.

A structural and dynamic behavior of [MH3L4+] systems and their M(H)2{4 precursor compounds were analyzed based on variable-temperature (VT) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and labeling experiments. VT NMR analysis of M(H2)L4 complexes and [MH3L4]+ analogues indicated the significant influence of hydride migration in the T structure and fast H/H2 scrambling on NMR spectral patterns. Furthermore, [MH3(PR3)4]+ monodentate ligands exhibited unique structural and dynamic properties compared to other [MH3L4]+ ligands.

Aromatic aldehydes were utilized as a substrate for the Ti-catalyzed enantioselective addition of Et2Zn in the presence of a titanate complex with a tetradentate helical ligand. The asymmetric addition of diethylzinc to aldehydes for the synthesis of chiral secondary alcohols was dependent on (1R, 2R)-(+)-1,2-bis(3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybenzenesulfonamido)(cyclohexane). The catalyst containing phenolic aromatic sulfonamide acted as monomeric titanate species during the asymmetric bond forming process.

A novel method for the synthesis of bis-oxazoline ligands capable of forming seven-membered chelates was developed based on the introduction of a tartrate backbone between the two oxazoline rings. The new class of bis-oxazoline ligands formed five-membered chelates via a nonselective reaction involving the Cu-catalyzed cyclopropanation of olefines with different diazoacetates. The synthetic process was highly enantioselective and the reaction of the novel ligands with styrene also exhibited optimum selectivity.

The reaction of the amino groups of tertiary (m-aminophenyl)phosphines to dimethylcyanamide phosphines led to the syntheses of m-phenylene-bridged guanidinium phosphines. The synthetic strategy involved the single-stage, Pd-catalyzed P-C coupling of diphenyl- or phenylphosphine with m-iodoaniline which led to the formation of the tertiary (m-aminophenyl)phosphines. Furthermore, the aminphenyl derivatives produced from the reaction exhibited protonated amino groups.

The usefulness of silylphosphide reagents Me3SiPH2 and Me2Si(PH2)2 in the synthesis of cyclophosphines was described. The routes to several potential phosphine ligands with P-X functional bonds were determined. Silylphosphides react with haloalkanes or alkenes to form cyclophosphines. They are converted quantitatively to the present organophosphines by reaction with MeOH or H20. The current method based on silylphosphine precursors is still preferred.

A method of synthesizing monothioethers and heterodisubstituted o-carborane derivatives of 1-PPh2-2-SR-1,2-C2B10H10 was developed. These derivatives contain both Cc-P and Cc-S bands in the carborane clusters. Their partial degradation preserving the two functional groups was achieved via piperidine in ethanol. This method has been found to be the best procedure. The chelating asymmetry of the ligand is necessary in organometallic chemistry and coordination.

Retinoid X receptor (RXR)-selective ligands activate dimers formed between RXR and the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) or the orphan receptor LXR. Since PPARgamma is a target for nondiabetic agents, it was investigated whether these ligands affected insulin and glucose signalling. Findings showed that they not only sensitized insulin action in an animal model of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and obesity, thus decreasing hyperglycaemia, hypertriglyceridaemia and hyperinsulinaemia, but that the effect was enhanced by PPARgamma agonists. These indicate that RXR ligands have potential as pharmacological agents for diabetes treatment.

X-ray crystallography was done to elucidate the structural characteristics of ((CO)3Mn(mu-SePh)3Co(mu-SePh)3Mn(CO)3)-, (CO)4Mn(mu-SeMe)2Co(CO)(mu-SeMe)3Mn(CO)3, and ((CO)3Mn(mu-SePh)3Mn(CO)3)-. The data provided evidences that the stability of the neutral Mn(I)-Co(III)-Mn(I)-selenolate complexes is determined by the distinct electronic effects between methaneselenolate and benzeneselenolate.

X-ray crystallography was used to characterize a new Schiff base ligand, 2-chlorobenzaldehyde thiosemicarbazone and two cadmium halide complexes, CdL2Br2 and CdL2I2. The results showed that CdL2Br2 has powder SHG efficiencies that is about 20 times that of urea while CdL2I2 does not exhibit any SHG efficiency. The findings appear to support the theory that the intermolecular contact between the cadmium and halide atom is mainly responsible for controlling the SHG efficiencies of the compounds.

Mono- and diiridium complexes, (Cp*Ir(CO)2(Ar))(BF4) and (Cp*(CO)2Ir-Ir(Cl)(CO)Cp*)(BF4) were synthesized by the reaction of Cp*Ir(CO)2 with (N2Ar)(F4) in acetone and dichloromethane, respectively. Another compound, (Cp*2Ir2(CO)2(1-eta-1-1,2-eta-2-p-C6H4OMe))(BF4) was also synthesized from the reaction of (Cp*Ir(CO))2 with N2Ar+. X-ray crystallographic study of such complex revealed a rare sigma, pi-bridging aryl ligand which is the first example of a bridging aryl group produced from an aryldiazonium ion.

Bridging ligands were made to react with copper salt to synthesize the end-on azido-bridged (Cu(Hpht)(N3).H2O)n compound which has a demonstrable Cu-N-Cu bond angle on 111.9(1) degrees. X-ray crystallography revealed that the complex is composed of copper atoms bridged simultaneously by syn-syn carboxylato and end-on azido bridges. It was also found that the copper chains are connected to each other by another carboxylato bridge, thus rendering the compound a 2-D conformation. The results of the magnetic measurements, on the other hand, exhibited that the compound has a strong ferromagnetic coupling which could be attributed to the countercomplementarity of the superexchange pathways of the two ligands.

Infrared and multinuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopies as well as electrochemical studies were done to characterize the oxidation products of Mn(CO)5X with Ph2P(CH2)2P(Ph)(CH2)2PPh2 (P2P'). The reaction products studied included cis,mer-(Mn(CO)2(eta-3-P2P')X)(super +/0), trans-(Mn(CO)2(P2P)X)(super +/0) and cis,fac-(Mn(CO)2(P2P')X)(super +/0), the first one of which was found to occur in another form. The analysis of the two forms revealed that they differed only in the orientation of the trans halide and carbonyl groups.

A novel pyrazole and imidazole containing dinucleating ligand, 1,5-bis(1-pyrazolyl)-3-(bis(2-imidazolyl)methyl) azapentane (Hbpzbbiap) and two dicopper(II) complexes containing the Hbpzbiap ligand were designed and synthesized in an attempt to come up with a copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (SOD). The compounds were characterized using X-ray crystallography, magnetic susceptibility testing, electron paramagnetic resonance spectrometry, cyclic voltammetry, electronic spectroscopic studies and SOD-like activity measurement. The results indicated that the copper complex (Cu2(bpzbiap)Cl3) exhibits properties similar to superoxide dismutase and thus considered a good model for the enzyme.

X-ray crystallography, infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic analyses were done to characterize the cationic derivatives of (Pd(dmba)(P(OMe)3)(N-triple bond-C-C(H)=PPh3))(ClO4) in which the ylide ligand is N-coordinated to the Pd(super II) center and trans to the ortho-metalated C6H4 group, in an 'end-on nitrile' coordination mode. The reaction of the cationic (Pd(CN)(NCMe)2)+ with Ph3P=C(H)CN in a 1:2 molar ration yielded bis(ylide) complexes in which one ylide is N-coordinated and the other is C-coordinated. When the reaction was done in a 1:1 molar ratio, the products contained the ylide which served as a C,N-bridging system.

Di- and trinuclear ruthenium(II) complexes of the 'Chiragen' ligand series were synthesized. The results revealed that the reaction of the ligands with Ru(bpy)2Cl2 generates a mixture of diastereomers whereas the use of enantiomerically pure delta- or lamda-(Ru(bpy)2(py)2)(dibenzoyltartrate) or delta-Ru(CG(m-xyl))Cl2 yield products of nearly complete stereoselectivity. The results of a circular dichroism study also showed that the complexes consist of one helical diastereomer with the expected absolute configuration predetermined by the chiral building block used. C2 point group symmetry was the observed configuration of the structures.

The synthesis and X-ray structure characterization of zirconium tetraaza macrocycle-supported bis(amido) complexes from ((Me4taa)ZrX2), where X could either be a Cl or CH2SiMe3, were carried out. The reaction of bis(amido)-(mu-imido) dizirconium complexes with Me4taaH2 to yield the asymmetrically substituted complex represent the first successful preparation of a tetraaza macrocycle-supported imido complexes.

X-ray crystallography and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy were done to characterize the (RuTp(pn))+ fragment. It was found that the fragment has a strong sigma acceptor and a weak pi donor through which reversible complexes with a variety of sigma donor ligands such as dinitrogen, water, acetone, CO and vinylidene, can be formed. Theoretical calculations and crystallographic data revealed that the order of increasing stabilities of the (TpRu(pn)L)+ complexes with respect to the ligands are CF3SO3- < acetone or water < CH3CN < N2 < CO < vinylidene.

The tetrameric oxovanadates, (V4O4((OCH2)3CCH3)3(OC2H5)3) and (V4O4((OCH2)3CCH3)2(OCH3)6) were synthesized and characterized structurally by X-ray crystallography. The results confirmed that the complexes occur in tetranuclear solid state and that they contain vanadium atoms in octahedral geometry in a single plane hence depicting a 'chair'-like geometry of the V4O4-backbone. The other structures consisted of the tridentate ligand thme(super 3-) and different monodentate alkoxides which are coordinated to the V4O4-backbone. Spectroscopic analyses also revealed that there are two different rates of alkoxide exchange in solution for the monodentate OR groups.

A novel method for the synthesis of a series of bipyridine (bipy) and terpyridine (terpy) preorganized rigid polytopic ligands was developed based on palladium(O)-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions. The synthetic strategy involved the cross coupling reactions of bipy or terpy halides with terminal alkynes to produce homo-polyptopic ligands. Furthermore, the alkyne functionalized terpy and bipy building blocks were also utilized for the synthesis of hetepolytopic ligands from terpy-triflate and bipy-substituted terminal alkynes.

A heme peptide-modified quartz crystal oscillator is fabricated as a dual-response biosensor, giving electrochemical and piezoelectric responses simultaneously. Binding of a ligand to heine peptide causes inhibition of its catalytic activity, which is observed as the electrochemical response, and a mass increase is monitored as the piezoelectric response. The dual-response sensor can give two independent pieces of information at the same time. That is, qualitative (identification of the species) and quantitative (determination of its concentration) analyses can be made simultaneously. Simultaneous quantitative analysis for two components is also possible. These two modes are theoretically explained and then experimentally demonstrated employing imidazole and histidine as interferants.

Fe(III)-EDTA, one of the main species of the anthropogenic ligand EDTA, can remobilize adsorbed metals at pH values above 7 during infiltration from river to groundwater. This fraction of EDTA decreases from the river with 35% to 11% in groundwater within a residence time of about eight days. This was gleaned from an investigation of the behavior of the dissolved metals and the natural ligands for Cu and Zn during infiltration of river water to the adjacent aquifer at the Glatt River in Switzerland. The presence of natural ligands for Cu and Zn that bind a large amount of these metals strongly affect the speciation of EDTA.

The formamidinate anion (eta2-DPhF)2Ta(mu-MPh)(mu-eta2-CN-Ph)Ta(eta2-DPhF)2 was synthesized by the reaction of LiDPhF with Ta2Cl6(SMe2)3 and zinc. The reaction of LiDPhF and Ta2Cl6(Sme2)3 with LidTolF and Na/Hg generated (eta2-DTolF)Ta(mu-NToL)(mu-eta2-CNTol)(mu-DTolF)2Ta(eta-DTolF). The formamidinate anions are composed of C-N units that exhibit edge-on mode in the CNPh group bonds to the tantalum atoms. Furthermore, the formation of the compounds was characterized by the cleavage of the C-N bonds.

The reaction of W2Cl4(NR2)2(NHR2)2 (R = Et, Bu, Hex = n-C6H13) with bis (dimethylphosphino)methane (dmpm) or bis(dimethylphosphino)ethane (dmpe) produced triply-bonded W2Cl4(NEt2)(L-L) (L-L = dmmp, dmpe). The W2Cl4(NR2)2 (L-L) complexes exhibits dialkylamino substitutions in its bidendate phosphine groups with well-separated NEt resonances. The compounds are also composed of a W2Cl4P2N2 core and a Wsub2sup6+ unit with eight ligated atoms. The metal-metal bond complexes also exhibited steric interactions between adjacent P and N atoms.

The molybdenum dimer [Mo{mu-eta2-(NPh)2CNHPh}4] was synthesized by the reaction of Mo(CO)6 and nitrogen with 1,2,3-triphenylguanidine and bis(2-methoxyethyl)ether(diglyme). The synthesis of the quadruply bonded molybdenum dimer exhibited the flexibility of the 1,2,3-triphenylguanidino ligand to different oxidation levels in the dimolybdenum system. The molybdenum dimer exhibited Mo-Mo bond lengthening with inhibited Mo dimer axial ligation due to the presence of phenyl groups from the coordinated nitrogens.

The electrochemistry of [(trispicMeen)ClFeIIIOFeCl(trispicMeen)]Cl(OH)(H2O)7 dinuclear potentially pentadentate ligand was analyzed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. The kinetically mixed-valent dinuclear complex was stabilized by the incorporation of the complementary ligand pyridyl arm. The stability of the potentially pendentate ligand was due to the inhibition of the approach of the two FeIIIFeIII units which causes the deprotonation of the FeIIIFeIII and FeIIFeII units.

The excited-state bond lengths and angle changes of bis[hydrotis(3,5-dimethyl-1-pyrazolyl)borato]CuII were analyzed by resonance Raman spectra. Coordinate analysis of the CuII compound indicated the electric effect that is generated by the diimine ligands and excited-state distortions in the pyz symmetric ring. Furthermore, the charge transfer in the pyz ligand exhibited the lowest excited state in the polymer.

The Hoechst chromophore was tethered to the terminus of a deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) sequence during the solid-phase based assembly of DNA sequences. The assembly of the DNA duplex was stabilized by the Hoechst chromophore in the presence of a four base pair binding site. Furthermore, the location of the binding site did not affect the reactions process due to the length of the Hoechst 33258 which is tethered to the oligonucleotide 15-mers.

The crystal structures and phosphorus-31 shielding tensors of Cr(CO)5(PPh3), cis- and trans-Cr(CO)4(CS)(PPh3) were analyzed to determine the characteristics of octahedral chromium(0) triphenylphosphine derivatives. Analysis of the shielding tensor of the chromium(0) triphenylphosphine derivatives indicated the sensitivity of delta11 and delta22 tensorial components to the bonding of the metal with the PPh3 ligand. Furthermore, the compounds did not exhibit significant alteration in chemical structure during the shift from solution to solid state.

Nickel(II) complexes were synthesized by utilizing a new class of potentially biomimetic, tripod ligands. The mixed functionality, N2O-donor ligands such as (2-hydroxyphenyl)bis(pyrazolyl)methane are composed of tris(pyrazolyl)borates that form three six-membered chelate rings. On the other hand, the (2-hydroxyphenyl)bis(3,5-dimethylpyrazolyl)methane ligand is composed of a phenolate arm that forms a seven-membered ring.

Cationic {[HC(3,5-Me2pz)3]Pb}(BF4)2 and {[HC(pz)3Pb}(BF4)2 complexes were synthesized as a precipitate by the reaction of HC(3,5-Me2pz)3 with HBF4.Et2O and Pb(acetylacetonate)2. The cationic lead(II) complexes are composed of tris(pyrazolyl)methane ligands that form strong bonds with post-transition metals. Furthermore, variations in ligand charge and substitution reactions with tris(pyrazolyl)methane/poly(pyrazolyl)borate ligands affect the geometry of the lead and the even coordination number of the metal complexes.

The refluxing of salcylaldehyde with 2-(dimethylamino)ethylamine in a methanoic solution led to the formation of a Schiff base. The Schiff base undergoes partial hydrolysis in a moist methanolic KOH medium to form [Mn(L-H)(NCS){omicron-(CHO)C6H4O-}] and [Cu(L-H){omicron(CHO)C6H4O-}]. Furthermore, the salicylaldehyde complexes are formed by the reaction of the bound aldehyde group of the Schiff base with monoamines to produce new Schiff base ligands.

A series of mixed functionality biomimetic 'scorpionate' ligands was utilized to synthesize symmetrical nickel(II) dimeric complexes with Ni(mu-O)2NiCl2 moieties. The nuclearity of the isolated Ni(II) complexes was mediated by the degree of steric hindrance on the pyrazole rings. The absence of steric bulk also allows the coordination of two ligands to each metal atom in a tridentate manner. Furthermore, the magnetic interactions between the two Ni(II) centers of the compounds exhibited octahedral and tetrahedral geometries, respectively.

The usefulness of the combined application of the theories of coordination chemistry and electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy in the study of transition metal complexes at oxide surfaces and the phenomena occurring at the gas-solid interface are discussed. EPR can provide a means to distinguish and identify features originating from various surface centers and to follow their transformations when they interact with gas-phase molecules. Coordination chemistry allows the study of reactions occurring on oxide surfaces in terms of exchange, elimination or coordination of ligands.

The [CpFe(CO)2]2AlAr (Ar = 2-[(dimethylamino)methyl]phenyl) alanediyl complexes were synthesized by the reaction of ArAlCl2 with Na[CpFe(CO)2] in hexane solution. The ArAl[CpFe(CO)2]2 complex is composed of a distorted Al atom that is surrounded by two irons, one carbon and one nitrogen atom. Furthermore, the tetrahedral geometry of the complex is affected by the steric requirements of the chelating Ar-ligand which leads to the formation of acute angles.

Dinuclear [NBu4][PtM(mu-L)(mu-C6F5)(C6F5)4] complexes was synthesized by the cleavage reaction of [NBu4][Pt(C6F5)3(napy)] with cis-[Pt(C6F5)2(THF)2] in CH2Cl2. The mononuclear [NBu4][Pt(C6F5)3(napy)] acts as a monodentate ligand and a dinucleating agent that promotes metal-metal interaction. The dinuclear complex exhibits symmetrically arranged napy ligands with pyridine rings that are coordinated by platinum atoms. Furthermore, the structure of the dinucleate ligand is due to the mononuclear complex which acts as a didentate metalloligand to cis-[Pt(C6F5)2(THF)2].

The relativistic effects of M = Ag on [M4{Fe(CO)4}4]4- clusters (M = Cu, Ag, Au) and bare clusters of M4Fe4 species was analyzed by the Gaussian-type orbitals density functional (LCTGTO-DF) method. The molecular geometry of the [M4{Fe(CO)4}4]4- anions are characterized by the presence of four mu2-bridging Fe(CO2) units that surround the M atoms. Furthermore, CO ligands stabilize the bimetallic M-Fe clusters which lead to a reduction to metal-metal bond strength of the M-Fe core.

Syn- and anti-oxorhenium complexes of ReO[(C2H5)2NCH2CH2N(CH2CH2S)2] [SC6H4OCH3] were synthesized by the reaction of ReO3+ with (C5H5)2NCH2CH2N(CH2Ch2SH)2 and HSC6H4OCH3. The syn-oxorhenium complex exhibits a distorted trigonal bipyramidal geometry around its rhenium atom with a basal plane that is composed of the sulfur atoms of the tridentate ligand and the oxo group. On the other hand, the rhenium atom of the anti-oxorhenium complex exhibits a distorted square pyramidal geometry with basal plane that is composed of SNS donors.

Clusters of {[Na[W2{OOCCCo3(CO)9}2(OOCCF3)4(THF)2]}2 were synthesized by the reaction of W2(OOCCF3)4 with Na[OOCCF3] and (CO)9Co3CCOOH. Spectroscopic analysis of the tungsten(II)-tungsten(III) cluster carboxylate indicated the presence of monodentate [CF3COO]- ligands with CF3 units that exhibit low spectral bands. The ligand is also composed of two [Co(CO)9CCOO]- cluster ligands that are bonded with the W2 unit. Furthermore, the tungsten(II)-tungsten(III) cluster carboxylate contains THF molecules that are axially coordinated with the W2 units.

The [(ArO)Sm(mu-I)(THF)3]2 Sm(II) mixed aryloxide/iodide was produced by the reaction of Sm(OAr)2(THF)3 with SmI2 in tetrahydrofuran (THF). The Sm(II) mixed aryloxide/iodide exhibits a weak Sm...I bond interactions which results in a dimeric structure. The reaction of Sm(II) aryloxide/iodide with C5Me5K in THF produced dark brown crystals of Sm(II) aryloxide/cylcopentadienide. The Sm(II) complex exhibits a distorted tetrahedral structure that is composed of a central Sm(II) ion with one C5Me5, ArO ligands.

The Mannich reaction of 5-chloro-8-hydroxyquinoline in refluxing benzene with N,N'-bis(methoxymethyl)diazacrown ethers produced ligands with 8-hydroxyquinoline (CHQ). The CHQ units of the substituted ligands are attached to the position 7 of the quinoline ring to form stable complexes with the ions of transition metals. However, bond strength between the ligands and the alkali metal cations was reduced by the deactivation of the crown nitrogens due to hydrogen bonding with the OH groups.

Compounds with the general formula, {[Pt(H2-R2-dto)sub2sup2+,(X-)2}, were synthesized by reaction of cis-PtL2X2 platinum complexes with (RHN-C(=S)-)2 secondary dithiooxamides. The acid-base process ion pair-neutral rubeanate complex are luminescent components of larger supramolecular assemblies due to the efficient functionalization of the alkyl substituents. Furthermore, the Pt(II) dithiooxamides exhibit double emission only at room temperature due to steric hindrance from the R substituents.