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The article focuses on the confusion of informs Sherwood Githens Middle School student Davishia Jones. The subject of discussion in the Socratic seminar in her class at the school is former U.S. President John F. Kennedy's inaugural address and she does not understand why a classmate has said the speech addresses family values. The classmate looks at the speech and discovers her error. Jones misinterpreted a passage about the nation's commitment to human rights at home and abroad as referring to family values. The discussions are a focal point of Githen's effort to transform itself into a national model for the principles embodied in The Paideia Proposal, a 1982 call for school reform.

The article reports on several education-related movements suggesting an effort to return values education to the standard curriculum in teaching in the U.S. Values education has lost the necessary attention of the educators over the past several years. Recently, character education has been the subject of most election campaigns in the country.

The article reports on bringing back the geography course in all schools in U.S.. According to Sidney R. Jumper, geography professor at the University of Tennessee, that there's an increasing recognition that the future of the United States will be conditioned to a big part on what people know about the rest of the world.

The article reports on the participation of parents in school board races in Princeton, New Jersey. Several parent groups are reportedly supporting candidates for positions in local boards. The complaints of parents over the need to protect their children from academic and enrichment programs, the school district's weaknesses in mathematics curriculum and the way schools spends their money are among the reasons that prompted parents to be involved in the election of local school board members.

The article reports on the declination of the programs for gifted students in the U.S. Budget pressures shaped by the lingering recession are forcing several states and local districts to drop their special programs for gifted and talented students. Some experts say that another factor for the retrenchment in such programs is education reform. Some education reform. Parents of gifted pupils said the loss of the program had a negative effect on their children.

The article reports on the prohibition of wearing T-shirts with offensive slogans at West Springfield High School in West Springfield, Virginia. Students wearing shirts that offended others, or that promoted alcohol or drug are required to either turn them inside out or be provided with new ones by the new policy. The policy caused a dilemma for some teachers who teach students about the Bill of Rights in a setting that limits free-speech guarantees.

The article reports on the return of foreign-language instruction in elementary schools in the U.S. Foreign language study is a rare commodity in elementary schools. School officials have recommended that foreign language should be part of the curriculum for all students. Schools should provide opportunities for language learning.

The article focuses on the law to aid infants born with disabilities or at risk of developing them in the U.S. Special educators, therapists, and doctors have been working with mothers of premature or disabled children to show them how to care for the child, encourage his intellectual development, and correct the abnormal muscle-development patterns. Such programs are taking shape all over the country, due in part to a sweeping federal law intended to get more help, sooner, to the nation's youngest handicapped citizens. The 1986 amendments to the Individuals With Disabilities Education Act provide a strong incentive for states to extend special-education programs to children as young as 3. By their fifth year of participation in the program, states must either guarantee services for every handicapped infant and toddler who qualifies or drop out of the program.

This article reports that schools in the U.S. struggled to help students come to grips with the country's war with Iraq. Schools and other support agencies responded with many offers of counseling for anxious students and families with loved ones overseas. Most of the students had been discussing some aspect of the U.S. involvement in the Persian Gulf in their classes since last fall. Educators said that the outbreak of war presented a unique opportunity for students to discuss fundamental issues that might otherwise remain abstractions. Margaret Dawson, president of the National Association of School Psychologists, said that talking about the crisis can also help dispel any misconception a student may harbor.

OThe article reports that the state school board in California has been attacked because of the new history textbooks intended to focus more attention on minority and religious groups. The books adopted by the board includes other material intended to recognize diversity, rich detail about the African kingdoms of Kush, Mali, Zimbabwe and Ghana. According to the minority and religious groups involved, the published books has not gone far enough in portraying their cultures.

The article reports on the prevalence of career switch of professionals to teaching in the U.S. According to experts, the move of these graduate of other fields to become teachers present a challenge and a resource to the field of education. A survey shows that prospective teachers with a degree of another field rose up to 200 percent in the year 1990. One reason of these professionals to enter teaching is to make a valuable contribution to society.

The article reports on a preschool pilot program for children of drug-using mothers in the United States. The program is designed expressly to deal with problems of prenatally drug exposed youngsters. Research on these children indicate that neurological impairment may be one of the effects of their mother's drug use.

The article reports on the prohibition of corporal punishment in schools at several states in the U.S. Both Nebraska and Wisconsin have banned paddling at their public schools. Robert Fathman, chairman of the National Coalition to Abolish Corporal Punishment in Schools, says that the ban on the physical method of disciplining children is a success for anti-corporal punishment movements.

The article reports on the gang problem that has spread in several U.S. major cities. A massive dragnet was conducted by the Los Angeles, California police which resulted to the arrest of 634 people. The factors which contribute to the proliferation of gangs across the country include the lure of money and peer-group pressure.

The article reports that the growing concern over the AIDS epidemic is prompting some state school boards in the U.S. to consider actions that have been anathema to them, telling local districts what should be in their curriculum and requiring coursework in human sexuality. According to an official of the Kansas board, they have always been opposed to mandates, but they also believe that his is a problem that cannot be ignored.

The article reports on the result of the study about the drug-treatment practices for mentally retarded children in the U.S. The study has influenced the amount and kinds of drugs given to control potentially harmful behavior in mentally retarded children. In a study in Illinois public school system, 6.7 percent of all students classified as trainable mentally retarded and stimulants and neuroleptics accounted for 82 percent of the drugs used.

The article reports on the varied approaches and educational programs applied by educators in alternative schools in the U.S. An alternative school is a school wherein disruptive or expelled students are placed for special attention. Because of its varying program quality, not all educators considered student's development in this institution a positive one.

The article reports that despite national statistics, teacher shortages exist in certain U.S. districts and states as well as in specific areas like special education and foreign languages. Particular attention is given to the lack of minority teachers and the challenges associated with staffing in rural school districts. It goes on to cover teacher recruitment methods related to pay, child care services, and housing discounts.

The article informs that according to a data from the U.S. Geological Survey collected by Researcher Edson Severnini of Carnegie Mellon University, high levels of lead in topsoil boosts the likelihood that 5-year-old boys will have cognitive difficulties.

The author talks about several ways evaluate students' learning process including learning and teach skills to the students for college or the workplace; game-based formative assessments for young children; and the standardization of the test scores of the students.

The article highlights children's free and reduced-price school lunch status to measure socioeconomic disadvantage in schools the use by Education researchers. The article also mentions about the comparison of school-lunch-status data for 8th graders in one California district and across the state of Oregon with federal income-tax data for those families.

The article covers "Making ESSA's Equity Promise Real," a report which found that U.S. states are adopting a wider range of indicators to measure schools' educational progress based on guidelines established by the Every Student Succeeds Act (ESSA).

The article discusses U.S. standardized tests. It offers information about Common Core State standards, the U.S. Every Student Succeeds Act, and the use of digital technology for administrating standardized tests. Other topics include the next generation science standards and helping students alleviate anxiety related to standardized test-taking.

The article discusses reporting on the curricula of a classroom and adoption of texts at the state level by states like Texas or California, including the gone trend of the service of publishing companies to provide books and emerging digital innovations and Common CoreState Standards in the U.S.

The article discusses "Now What? Imperatives & Options for 'Common Core' Implementation & Governance," a report by the U.S. nonprofit organization Thomas B. Fordham Institute regarding the implementation of the national educational standards for language arts and mathematics.

The article discusses the Southern Poverty Law Center report "Suspended Education: Urban Middle Schools in Crisis," which deals with data about middle school suspensions for black students and white students.

The article reports on research on the Literacy Collaborative approach to reading which was conducted at 17 schools along the East Coast of the U.S. by graduate students at Stanford University and researcher Anthony S. Bryk. The research found that putting literacy coaches in schools can increase students' reading skills by as much as 32% over the course of three years and that the largest improvements in reading skills were seen in schools in which teachers received large amounts of coaching.

The article discusses a report on teaching in the U.S. that was released in April of 2010 by the U.S. National Research Council. The report found that there is an inadequate amount of evidence to prove that teachers who participate in alternative educational programs before entering classrooms are any worse or better than teachers who finish traditional college-based preparation programs.

The article discusses the "Middle School Mathematics Professional Development Impact Study" by the U.S. Department of Education. It focused on providing intensive, state-of-the art efforts towards middle school mathematics teacher development, and found that such efforts did not lead to gains in student achievement in the first year. Conclusions include the fact that it takes time for teachers to incorporate new knowledge, and that it is better to retain effective teachers and eliminate ineffective ones.

The article discusses a shift away from the push for all U.S. students to take algebra in ninth grade, which was prevalent in the 1990s. A study of the Chicago, Illinois public schools found that the push towards algebra resulted in higher failure rates, lower grades, no improvement in test scores and no more likelihood of attending college. Another study found that pre-algebra classes contribute to better outcomes in subsequent algebra classes.

The article discusses presented in the book "Organizing Schools for Improvement: Lessons From Chicago" by Anthony S. Bryk. The book examines 15 years of school improvement data from the Chicago, Illinois public schools. Successful elements presented include engaged leadership, inclusion of parents and community, and development of professional capacity. Professional capacity refers to quality of teaching staff, belief by teachers that schools can improve, and collaboration.

The article presents abstracts on topics of education from several U.S. state governors' State of the State annual addresses including by Alabama Governor Bob Riley on his fiscal year 2011 budget proposal, Georgia Governor Sonny Perdue on a pay-for-performance component for teachers, and South Dakota Governor Mike Rounds on the educational accomplishments that have been made during his eight years in office.

The article discusses various studies which affirm the role of emotions in students' transitions, that were presented at the American Educational Research Association's national conference held in April 2016 in Washington, D.C. Topics covered include adaptive strategies of students to cope with stress, the effectiveness of an intervention to boost the well-being of transitioning students and the impact of a traumatic transition on a student's academic trajectory.

The article discusses a report from the Education Sector organization about charter schools and the difficulties of scaling up the most successful models. Accusations have been made that the final report was altered to fit with the rhetoric of charter management organizations. Problems with the financial aspects of charter schools are seen by both the final version of the report and the draft version. The final version recommends the public sector make buildings available to charter schools.

The article discusses the findings of educational researcher Nancy E. Hill on conflicts between school goals of parent involvement in children's education and the needs of adolescent students. Hill notes that while schools are urged to promote parent involvement, adolescents need to establish independence from parents. She notes that the No Child Left Behind Act requires policies on parent involvement, but no mention is made of how this would differ for middle and high school parents.

The article discusses a report by the National Academy of Education which argues that improving the supply of skilled teachers is critically important and matters more than weeding out ineffective teachers. It calls for study and experimentation on teacher recruitment and retention, and calls for research to identify core practices and skills needed by early-career teachers. It favors incorporating those skills into teacher-preparation programs and suggests according teachers higher status.

The article discusses a U.S. National Center for Education Statistics study showing that states have lowered student proficiency standards from 2005 to 2007 on tests as they approach the 2014 deadline requiring that all students test at proficient levels. The study was conducted by using student test scores to determine where the proficiency levels would fall on the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP). Critics question the methodology. The agency seeks a common metric for all states.

The article focuses on research concerning principalship and turnover in the profession. The studies mentioned include one by the University of Texas researchers Ed J. Fuller and Michelle D. Young and another by RAND Corp.'s senior economist Susan M. Gates. The discussion includes retention rates for principals, their career patterns, and the issue of pay.

The article discusses a controversy between researchers about performance of charter schools in comparison to regular public schools. The Stanford University Center for Research on Education Outcomes found that charter schools do not outperform regular public schools. Stanford economics professor Caroline M. Hoxby found that they do. Stanford professor Sean F. Reardon states that like many nonexperimental studies, neither study provides enough statistical detail for a reliable conclusion.

The article discusses a report on commercialism in schools for 2008-2009. It notes that advertisers target children not only in their homes and on their cellular phones but in school through ad-supported education websites such as www.funbrain.com and www.factmonster.com. It also cites donations of equipment to schools by companies such as Channel One and Bus Radio with the requirement that students spend time listening to or viewing advertisements.

A preview of the book "The Secret of TSL," by William G. Ouchi is presented.

The article discusses a Stanford University study of New York City charter schools as compared to schools in suburban Scarsdale, New York. Results show that attending a charter school from kindergarten to eighth grade can close the gap for a student paired with a similar Scarsdale student. The gap widens for students who applied unsuccessfully to charters and remain in regular public schools. Results contrast sharply with a similar study by the Center for Research on Education Outcomes.

The article discusses the idea that argumentation as a skill should be taught in U.S. schools. Based on information from 13 studies by the U.S. Department of Education Institute of Education Sciences, it notes that students often cannot identify the main argument in a debate, but tend to identify with their own side of the argument only. The concept of a skillfully constructed argument is not commonly understood. Various efforts in the nation's schools to teach argumentation are discussed.

The article discusses a study documenting an effect by which effective teachers improve the teaching of their teams. C. Kirabo Jackson, one of the authors, says the study has implications in the national debate about merit pay for teachers, arguing for school-wide increases to foster teamwork. Student test scores were compared with observable teacher characteristics such as experience, qualifications and value-added calculations. Jackson cites peer learning as the reason for improvement.

The article discusses differing opinions of U.S. President Barack Obama's $12 billion initiative to raise the graduation rate at community colleges. Community college graduation rates, it states, are low and existing research on causes and solutions are meager. Frederick Hess, director of education policy studies at the American Enterprise Institute, sees the effort as pointless without better research data. Others say it is a long-neglected area that deserves funding and support.

The article discusses research on the value-added approach to measuring education gains. The approach is defined as measuring the gain in test scores of students from the beginning to the end of a school year, often cited as the most fair approach. The study, by researcher Jesse Rothstein, casts doubt on the method by documenting effects, clearly impossible, of fifth-grade teachers on third- and fourth-grade students. The results call into question the randomness of class assignments.

The article discusses a gender gap in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) majors in college. A study by researcher E. Ann York found that girls gravitate to so-called caring sciences such as medicine while boys more often choose hard sciences although girls and boys do equally well in STEM aptitude tests. Possible reasons given include more options for women, who excel at verbal tests, perceived conflicts between STEM careers and family life, and unwelcoming STEM departments.

The article discusses educational experiments that measure the best way to teach mathematics in early childhood education. The article describes how the Math Expressions and Saxon Math programs were judged by the U.S. federal government as the most competent early childhood mathematics curricula to improve the mathematics skills of early-grade elementary students.

The article discusses the staffing of charter schools. It is noted that charter schools are freer than public schools to hire and dismiss teachers and to offer high salaries to attract quality teachers. Caroline M. Hoxby of Stanford University studies the quality of teaching at charter schools. Studies have been done to study the link, if any, between teacher qualifications and academic improvement in students. Hoxby looked at teachers' certification and their educational attainment.

This article reports on the increasing academic and educational credibility of comic books. Often derided as childish, a new generation of scholars is reassessing the genre. Fordham University hosted a conference on the relevance of all types of graphica including manga and graphic novels. Comics' significance both as literature and a learning tool is analyzed.