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The Tb(III) ion has the most intense luminescence of the trivalent lanthanide(III) ions. In contrast to Eu(III), where the two levels only include a single state, the high number of electronic states in the ground (7F6) and emitting (5D4) levels makes detailed interpretations of the electronic structure—the crystal field—difficult. Here, luminescence emission and excitation spectra of Tb(III) complexes with 1,4,7,10-tetraazacyclododecane-1,4,7,10-tetraacetic acid (DOTA, [Tb(DOTA)(H2O)]−), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA, [Tb(EDTA)(H2O)3]−) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA, [Tb(DTPA)(H2O)]2−) as well as the Tb(III) aqua ion ([Tb(H2O)9]3+) were recorded at room temperature and in frozen solution. Using these data the electronic structure of the 5D4 multiplets of Tb(III) was mapped by considering the transitions to the singly degenerate 7F0 state. A detailed spectroscopic investigation was performed and it was found that the 5D4 multiplet could accurately be described as a single band for [Tb(H2O)9]3+, [Tb(DOTA)(H2O)]− and [Tb(EDTA)(H2O)3]−. In contrast, for [Tb(DTPA)(H2O)]2− two bands were needed. These results demonstrated the ability of describing the electronic structure of the emitting 5D4 multiplet using emission spectra. This offers an avenue for investigating the relationship between molecular structure and luminescent properties in detailed photophysical studies of Tb(III) ion complexes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rationale: Preparation of BaSO4 from samples of atmospheric rain, snow, and aerosols has been used for δ18O and δ34S analyses. In the present study, we investigated the effect of various sample pretreatments on δ18O and δ34S values determined from a Na2SO4 reagent solution and samples of atmospheric precipitation to improve assay time and cost efficiency. Methods: BaSO4 was prepared from a Na2SO4 solution by (a) evaporative concentration, (b) evaporation to dryness, (c) evaporation to dryness after adding HCl, and (d) evaporation to concentration after adding HCl, followed by cooling and then precipitation using a BaCl2 solution. To analyze the atmospheric precipitation samples for δ18O, BaSO4 prepared from the samples was treated with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and SO42− and separated chromatographically. The values of δ18O and δ34S were measured using a continuous‐flow elemental analyzer coupled to an isotope‐ratio mass spectrometer. Results: The δ34S values in BaSO4 precipitated from Na2SO4 solution determined by methods (a)–(c) were consistent within precisions of ±0.5‰. The δ18O values of methods (a) and (b) were consistent within ±0.2‰, whereas the δ18O values of methods (c) and (d) increased with increasing HCl concentrations. Similar results were obtained from samples of atmospheric precipitations. The δ18O values from DTPA‐treated BaSO4 were consistent with those obtained by chromatographic separation within ±0.5‰. Conclusions: We found no significant differences in the effects of various pretreatments (acidification, heating, concentration, and drying) on δ18O and δ34S values in sulfate from samples of atmospheric precipitation and aerosols extracted as BaSO4 if HCl was not added to the sample before heating and BaSO4 was treated with DTPA for the δ18O analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent advances in systemic therapy have had major impacts on treatment strategies for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The 2022 Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) guidelines incorporate a new section on clinical decision-making for personalized medicine, although the first treatment suggested by the BCLC guidelines is based on solid scientific evidence. More than ever before, the appropriate treatment strategy must be selected prior to the initiation of therapy for HCC. Gadolinium ethoxybenzyl-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid magnetic resonance imaging (Gd-EOB-DTPA-MRI) is essential for liver imaging and the hepatobiliary phase (HBP) of EOB-MRI reflects the expression of organic anion transporting polypeptide (OATP) transporters. Molecules associated with OATP expression are relevant in the molecular classification of HCC subclasses, and EOB-MRI is becoming increasingly important with advances in the molecular and genetic understanding of HCC. In this review, we describe imaging findings for the pretreatment prediction of response to standard therapies for HCC based on the BCLC algorithm using the HBP of EOB-MRI, with specific attention to the molecular background of OATPs. A more complete understanding of these findings will help radiologists suggest appropriate treatments and clinical follow-ups and could lead to the development of more personalized treatment strategies in the future. Clinical relevance statement: In the coming era of personalized medicine, HBP of EOB-MRI reflecting molecular and pathological factors could play a predictive role in the therapeutic efficacy of HCC and contribute to treatment selection. Key Points: • Imaging features of hepatobiliary phase predict treatment efficacy prior to therapy and contribute to treatment choice. • Wnt/β-catenin activation associated with organic anion transporting polypeptide expression is involved in the tumor immune microenvironment and chemo-responsiveness. • Peritumoral hypointensity of hepatobiliary phase reflecting microvascular invasion affects the therapeutic efficacy of locoregional to systemic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: Liming is widely known as a cost-efficient agricultural practice to reduce cadmium (Cd) concentration in rice (Oryza sativa L.) grain (CdR) in the short term. However, the effect of long-term continuous liming on CdR-reduction in the context of other environmental controls remains unknown. Methods: We quantified the temporal stability of CdR-reduction in response to biannually continuous liming and its correlations with dynamic soil properties and weather conditions based on a 7-year field experiment in a subtropical double-cropping rice ecosystem in a moderately Cd-contaminated acidic soil. Results: The CdR value declined by 51–90% with liming without compromising the rice yield. The degree of CdR-reduction was similar between early and late rice seasons. However, the between-year CdR-reduction was variable, remaining relatively stable in the first three years and fluctuating in the last four years. Soil pH and Olsen-P concentration at the ripening stage rose significantly, while the concentrations of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)-extractable Cd, Mn, and Zn in soil remained unaffected. The soil pH did not further increase after the second year of liming. The soil pH and Olsen-P concentration were positively correlated with cumulative liming, but the CdR and CdR-reduction exhibited no correlations with cumulative liming. The CdR was correlated negatively with precipitation but positively with temperature and sunshine duration. Conclusions: The effect of 7-year continuous liming on CdR-reduction was temporally unstable and had no significant cumulative effect on CdR. The between-year CdR-reduction was not controlled by accumulative liming but primarily by dynamic soil properties and weather conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mining activities provide a pathway for the entry and accumulation of various heavy metals in soil, which ultimately leads to severe environmental pollution. Utilization of various immobilizing agents could restore such contaminated soils. Therefore, in this study, date palm-derived biochars (BCs: produced at 300 °C, 500 °C and 700 °C) and magnetized biochars (MBCs) were employed to stabilize heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) in mining polluted soil. Metal polluted soil was amended with BCs and MBCs at w/w ratio of 2% and cultivated with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in a greenhouse. After harvesting, dry and fresh biomass of plants were recorded. The soil and plant samples were collected, and the concentrations of heavy metals were measured after extracting with water, DTPA (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid), and acetic acid. BCs and MBCs resulted in reduced metal availability and uptake, with higher fresh and dry biomass (>36%). MBCs showed maximum decrease (>70%) in uptake and shoot concentration of metals, as these reductions for Cd and Pb reached below the detection limits. Among all single-step extractions, the DTPA-extractable metals showed a significant positive correlation with shoot concentrations of tested metals. Thus, the synthesized BCs and MBCs could effectively be used for stabilizing heavy metals and improve plant productivity in multi-contaminated soils. However, future studies should focus on long term field trials to restore contaminated mining soils using modified biochars. This study has demonstrated the performance of magnetized biochars for in-situ stabilization of toxic metals (Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn) in mining polluted soil by single extraction method. All the produced BCs and magnetized BCs showed great potential in immobilizing the metals and reducing their availability in soil, consequently decreasing their shoot concentration and plant uptake. Significant negative correlations were observed between soil pH and metal extraction from applied extraction methods such as water soluble, DTPA, and EDTA extractions. We found DTPA as a suitable extractant for investigating metal uptake in plant in multi-contaminated soils. Treatments with MBCs showed maximum decrease in plant uptake and concentration of studied metals. Thus, application of MBCs could efficiently immobilize soil heavy metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess if estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) can replace measured GFR (mGFR) in partial nephrectomy (PN) trials, using data from a randomised clinical trial. Patients and methods: We conducted a post hoc analysis of the renal hypothermia trial. Patients underwent mGFR with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) plasma clearance preoperatively and 1 year after PN. The eGFR was calculated using the 2009 Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration (CKD‐EPI) creatinine equations incorporating age and sex, with and without race: 2009 eGFRcr(ASR) and 2009 eGFRcr(AS), and the 2021 equation that only incorporates age and sex: 2021 eGFRcr(AS). Performance was evaluated by determining the median bias, precision (interquartile range [IQR] of median bias), and accuracy (percentage of eGFR within 30% of mGFR). Results: Overall, 183 patients were included. Pre‐ and postoperative median bias and precision were similar between the 2009 eGFRcr(ASR) (−0.2 mL/min/1.73 m2, 95% confidence interval [CI] −2.2 to 1.7, IQR 18.8; and −2.9, 95% CI −5.1 to −1.5, IQR 15, respectively) and 2009 eGFRcr(AS) (−0.3 mL/min/1.73 m2, 95% CI −2.4 to 1.5, IQR 18.8; and −3.0, 95% CI −5.7 to −1.7, IQR 15.0, respectively). Bias and precision were worse for the 2021 eGFRcr(AS) (−8.8 mL/min/1.73 m2, 95% CI −10.9 to −6.3, IQR 24.7; and −12.0, 95% CI −15.8 to −8.9, IQR 23.5, respectively). Similarly, pre‐ and postoperative accuracy was >90% for the 2009 eGFRcr(ASR) and 2009 eGFRcr(AS) equations. Accuracy was 78.6% preoperatively and 66.5% postoperatively for 2021 eGFRcr(AS). Conclusion: The 2009 eGFRcr(AS) can accurately estimate GFR in PN trials and could be used instead of mGFR to reduce cost and patient burden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The separation of praseodymium (Pr) and neodymium (Nd) is particularly challenging within the lanthanide series. A new strategy was developed for enhanced separation of Pr and Nd, using interfacial "push and pull" complexation induced by a kinetic effect. We found that the specific addition order of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) had an obvious influence on the separation behaviors of Pr/Nd. Notably, the separation coefficient was up to 3.25 with the addition of DTPA when the extraction process just started. This suggested that different complexation rates decided differences of extraction kinetics between Pr and Nd. It revealed differences in complexation rates of adjacent RE(III) with DTPA and dissociation rates of RE-DTPA complexes by stopped-flow spectrophotometry. The results indicated that the complexation rate constant of Nd3+ was higher than Pr3+. On contrary, the dissociation rate constant of Nd-DTPA was smaller than Pr-DTPA. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations showed that the interfacial "push and pull" complexation effect led to differences in interfacial molecule arrangements and diffusion mass transfer rates near the interface. And thus, the separation of Pr/Nd can be enhanced. This research provides an efficient strategy for the purification of metals that are difficult to separate. [Display omitted] • Kinetic enhanced separation of Pr and Nd under "push and pull" complexation effect. • Competitive complexation of RE ions with [A336][NO 3 ] and DTPA. • Separation coefficients were affected significantly by the added order of DTPA. • Complexation kinetics were studied by stopped-flow spectrophotometry. • Study extraction kinetics via analysis of mean square distance based on MD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fibroblast activation protein (FAP), expressed on cancer-associated fibroblasts, is a target for diagnosis and therapy in multiple tumour types. Strategies to systemically deplete FAP-expressing cells show efficacy; however, these induce toxicities, as FAP-expressing cells are found in normal tissues. FAP-targeted photodynamic therapy offers a solution, as it acts only locally and upon activation. Here, a FAP-binding minibody was conjugated to the chelator diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and the photosensitizer IRDye700DX (DTPA-700DX-MB). DTPA-700DX-MB showed efficient binding to FAP-overexpressing 3T3 murine fibroblasts (3T3-FAP) and induced the protein's dose-dependent cytotoxicity upon light exposure. Biodistribution of DTPA-700DX-MB in mice carrying either subcutaneous or orthotopic tumours of murine pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cells (PDAC299) showed maximal tumour uptake of 111In-labelled DTPA-700DX-MB at 24 h post injection. Co-injection with an excess DTPA-700DX-MB reduced uptake, and autoradiography correlated with FAP expression in the stromal tumour region. Finally, in vivo therapeutic efficacy was determined in two simultaneous subcutaneous PDAC299 tumours; only one was treated with 690 nm light. Upregulation of an apoptosis marker was only observed in the treated tumours. In conclusion, DTPA-700DX-MB binds to FAP-expressing cells and targets PDAC299 tumours in mice with good signal-to-background ratios. Furthermore, the induced apoptosis indicates the feasibility of targeted depletion of FAP-expressing cells with photodynamic therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Solution behavior of K;5[(Mn(H2O))PW11O39]·7H2O (1), Na3.66(NH4)4.74H3.1[(MnII(H2O))2.75(WO(H2O))0.25(α-B-SbW9O33)2]·27H2O (2), and Na4.6H3.4[(MnII(H2O)3)2(WO2)2(β-B-TeW9O33)2]·19H2O (3) was studied with NMR-relaxometry and HPLC-ICP-AES (High Performance Liquid Chromatography coupled with Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy). According to the data, the [(Mn(H2O))PW11O39]5− Keggin-type anion is the most stable in water among the tested complexes, even in the presence of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). Aqueous solutions of 2 and 3 anions are less stable and contain other species resulting from dissociation of Mn2+. Quantum chemical calculations show the change in Mn2+ electronic state between [Mn(H2O)6]2+ and [(Mn(H2O))PW11O39]5−. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the recommended treatment for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and its role as a curative treatment is now greater than previously due to the introduction of targeted molecular and immunotherapies. An important current concern is patient selection in TACE for intermediate-stage HCC, which includes an extremely heterogeneous population. The hepatobiliary phase (HEB) in gadoxetic acid disodium-enhanced MRI (EOB-MRI) is related to β-catenin, so EOB-MRI could be a molecular imaging biomarker reflecting tumor biology. Although HCC with signal heterogeneity in the HBP of EOB-MRI showed malignant behavior, no previous study has evaluated prognosis after TACE based on signal heterogeneity quantified in the HBP of EOB-MRI. In this study, we showed a quantitative analysis of tumor signal heterogeneity in HBP on EOB-MRI was valuable in predicting the prognosis after TACE and suggested a treatment strategy for patients with intermediate-stage HCC based on this quantitative evaluation. Background: In the era of local and systemic therapies for intermediate-stage hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), personalized therapy has become available. The aim of our study was to evaluate the usefulness of quantitative analysis of pretreatment gadoxetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (EOB-MRI) to predict prognosis following transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Methods: This retrospective study included patients with treatment-naïve intermediate-stage HCC who underwent EOB-MRI before the initial TACE and were treated by initial TACE between February 2007 and January 2016. Signal heterogeneity in the hepatobiliary phase (HBP) of EOB-MRI was quantitatively evaluated by the coefficient of variation (CV). The cutoff CV value was determined using the Classification and Regression Tree algorithm. Results: A total of 64 patients were enrolled. In multivariate analysis, High CV (≥0.16) was significantly associated with poor prognosis (p = 0.038). In a subgroup analysis of patients within up-to-7 criteria, MST was significantly shorter in the High CV group than in the Low CV group (37.7 vs. 82.9 months, p = 0.024). In patients beyond up-to-7 criteria, MST was 18.0 and 38.3 months in the High CV and Low CV groups, respectively (p = 0.182). In both groups scanned at 1.5 T or 3.0 T, High CV was significantly associated with poor prognosis (p = 0.001 and 0.003, respectively). Conclusion: CV of the tumor in the HBP of EOB-MRI is a valuable prognostic factor of TACE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiation loads and compositions of solid phases are calculated during the separation of TPE and REE from solutions generated in the course of SNF reprocessing. Sorption from weakly concentrated solutions under the action of high radiation loads in the upper part of the sorption column leads to the sorbent decomposition, up to 30% of its original capacity. The hydroxide forms of iron, chromium, aluminum and nickel pass from the solid to the liquid phase and generate gel-like precipitates under the action of high radiation loads, which block the sorption column. During elution, aluminum is washed out in the TPE region and forms a protonated complex with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), which precipitates at room temperature. This precipitate in the unheated connecting lines of the plant can bring about blocking of the separation columns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During production of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), process waste water is generated in several production stages. Process wastewater is usually disposed of via waste water treatment plants. However, due to low biodegradability of DTPA in conventional waste water treatment, incineration constitutes the current method of choice. The main disadvantage of incineration is high consumption of primary energy sources leading to substantial emission of carbon dioxide (CO2). Thus, an alternative method of process waste water treatment was investigated, which consists of an initial application of ozone and a subsequent biological treatment. In 2009, preliminary laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the elimination of DTPA in process waste water. Based on the initial results, the responsible authorities granted approval for large-scale ozonation of DTPA-containing wastewater in 2011. Additional laboratory scale experiments were carried out to assess the elimination of the target compound and the generation of its main transformation products using liquid chromatography – high resolution mass spectrometry. Through application of the postulated method, the concentration of DTPA and its derivatives can be reduced to levels assuring safe discharge into the receiving water. Additionally, a comparison of CO2 emissions showed that ozonation is an ecological alternative to incineration and, most likely, an economical as well, based on the local prices of primary energy sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to optimize the acidizing efficiency during stimulation treatments with chelating agents. The performance of hydroxylethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid (HEDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) in stimulating carbonate rocks were investigated. In this paper, the effect of injection rate, chemical type, pH, and concentration on the stimulation performance was studied. Also, the optimum treatment conditions were identified utilizing the acid volume and treatment time. Different measurements were carried out, including solubility tests, coreflooding experiments, and CT scan analysis. Solubility tests were performed to study the impact of solution concentration and pH on the performance of the chelating agent. Coreflooding experiments were carried out at high-pressure, high-temperature conditions to assess the performance of chelating agents in different treatment situations. In addition, CT scan analysis was carried out before and after the acid injections to capture the changes induced in the carbonate matrix due to the stimulation treatment. The success of acidizing treatment was identified by the creation of the dominant wormholes. The pressure-drop profiles and the CT scan analysis were used to confirm the generation of wormholes. Finally, the normalized volume and time to breakthrough were utilized to identify the optimum treatment conditions. In this work, chelating agents successfully created dominant wormholes (WHs) in carbonate rocks at different injection rates and treatment conditions. However, applying an injection rate between 0.7 and 1 cm3/min significantly improved the acidizing performance and reduced the acid volume that was required to create wormholes. EDTA and HEDTA chelating agents showed better performance at low pH. Using a solution pH of 4.5 resulted in reducing the acid volume by 30% compared to using a solution pH of 10 at the same conditions. However, DTPA chelating agent showed better performance at high pH, and dominant WHs were created at a pH of 12 using less acid volume. Finally, the optimum acidizing treatment can be achieved by using EDTA chelating agent with a concentration of 9.25 wt.% and pH of 4.5. Applying the optimum treatment parameters can reduce the acid volume by 40% and the chemical cost by a factor of 6, on average. Overall, this study indicates that chelating agents' solution can be injected at optimum conditions in terms of chemical concentration, pH, and injection rate, to maximize the treatment efficiency and reduce the cost. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbiologically induced calcite precipitation (MICP), as a newly developing bioremediation technology, could redeem heavy metal contamination in diverse scenarios. In this study, MICP bacterium Sporosarcina ureilytica ML-2 was employed to suppress the pollution of Pb, Cd and Zn in municipal sludge nutrient soil. After MICP remediation, the exchangeable Cd and Zn in sludge nutrient soil were correspondingly reduced by 31.02 % and 6.09 %, while the carbonate-bound Pb, Cd and Zn as well as the residual fractions were increased by 16.12 %, 6.63 %, 13.09 % and 6.10 %, 45.70 %, 3.86 %, respectively. In addition, the extractable Pb, Cd and Zn either by diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) or toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) in sludge nutrient soil were significantly reduced. These results demonstrated that the bio-calcite generated via MICP helped to immobilize heavy metals. Furthermore, MICP treatment improved the abundance of functional microorganisms related to urea cycle, while reduced the overall abundance of metal resistance genes (MRGs) and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs). This work confirmed the feasibility of MICP in remediation of heavy metal in sludge nutrient soil, which expanded the application field of MICP and provided a promising way for heavy metal pollution management. [Display omitted] • MICP tech could improve the stability of Pb, Cd and Zn in sludge nutrient soil. • The exchangeable Cd reduced by maximum 31.2 % contents after MICP remediated. • The carbonated and residual contents of Pb, Cd and Zn increased after remediated. • The extracted contents of DTPA & TCLP-Pb, Cd and Zn were reduced after remediated. • MICP improved the abundance of functional microbes and reduced resistance genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The impact of the DTPA chelating agent on the rock/oil contact angle and rock surface charge was examined under varying concentrations, salinity, and potential-determining ions. • An experimental database comprising 240 sets of wettability data was acquired. • Two advanced machine-learning models, namely Random Forest and Boosted Regression Tree, were developed to accurately estimate the alteration in rock wettability. • Statistical analysis was conducted, demonstrating outstanding predictions for a wide range of input variables. Chelating agents have garnered increasing attention due to their unique capabilities in addressing challenges associated with chemical enhanced oil recovery (CEOR) materials. This research investigates the transformative potential of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) chelating agent in altering sandstone rock wettability. Wettability and zeta potential measurements were used to assess the impact of crucial factors including DTPA concentration, salinity, and potential determining ions (PDIs) on contact angle and rock surface charges. The findings revealed that there is an optimal level for DTPA concentration and salinity that can shift rock wettability from an oil-wet to strongly water-wet state. Moreover, while PDIs in their natural concentrations had no significant impact on DTPA performance, a threefold increase in their concentration was found to adversely affect DTPA efficacy. After conducting rock wettability tests, two advanced machine learning (ML) techniques, namely Random Forest (RF) and Boosted Regression Tree (BRT), were employed to assess rock/oil contact angle based on the aforementioned factors. Data were collected from 240 experimental datasets of contact angles. The findings indicated that both models performed well, but BRT exhibited exceptional performance. Sensitivity analysis, conducted using the Jackknife method, revealed the order of importance for parameters affecting wettability as follows: PDIs > salinity > time > DTPA concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • DTPA enhanced SMT removal by nZVI/H 2 O 2 process at circumneutral pH in groundwater. • DTPA could complex with Fe2+ to prevent the surface passivation of nZVI. • The Fe2+-DTPA complex could rapidly decompose H 2 O 2 to produce OH. • nZVI/DTPA/H 2 O 2 process could effectively reduce biological toxicity of SMT. • nZVI/DTPA/H 2 O 2 showed an acceptable degradation of SMT in different water matrix. The present study proposed a promising heterogeneous Fenton-like process that a chelating agent (diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, DTPA) was introduced into the nZVI/H 2 O 2 system to improve its oxidation capacity for abatement of sulfamethazine (SMT) at circumneutral pH in the simulated groundwater. The nZVI/DTPA/H 2 O 2 system possessed a high oxidation performance for the elimination of SMT under the selected experimental conditions within 45 min of reaction. OH was considered as the predominant radical special accountable for SMT degradation. The roles of DTPA in the reaction system mainly include complexing with Fe2+ to prevent the passivation of nZVI, and forming the Fe2+-DTPA complex to rapidly decompose H 2 O 2 to produce OH and other free radicals. The degradation patterns of SMT in the nZVI/DTPA/H 2 O 2 system were inferred on account of density functional theory (DFT) calculation and the detection of intermediates via LC-MS analysis. Besides, nZVI/DTPA/H 2 O 2 process could effectively reduce biological toxicity of SMT by prediction based on QSAR analysis. The coexisting ions such as Cl−, SO 4 2−, and humic acid (HA) had negligible influences for the oxidative abatement of SMT, while HCO 3 − had a concentration-dependent inhibitory effect. The oxidation capacity of nZVI/DTPA/H 2 O 2 process in actual water matrix and different pollutants were also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radioligand therapy using alpha emitters has gained more and more prominence in the last decade. Despite continued efforts to identify new appropriate radionuclides, the combination of 225Ac/213Bi remains among the most promising. Bismuth-213 has been employed in clinical trials in combination with appropriate vectors to treat patients with various forms of cancer, such as leukaemia, bladder cancer, neuroendocrine tumours, melanomas, gliomas, or lymphomas. However, the half-life of 213Bi (T ½ = 46 min) implies that its availability for clinical use is limited to hospitals possessing a 225Ac/213Bi radionuclide generator, which is still predominantly scarce. We investigated a new Ac/Bi generator system based on using the composite sorbent α-ZrP-PAN (zirconium(IV) phosphate as active component and polyacrylonitrile as matrix). The developed 225Ac/213Bi generator was subjected to long-term testing after its development. The elution profile was determined and the elution yield, the contamination of the eluate with the parent 225Ac and the contamination of the eluate with the column material were monitored over time. The high activity (75 MBq of parent 225Ac) generator with a length of 75 mm and a diameter of 4 mm containing the composite sorbent α-ZrP-PAN with a particle size of 0.8 to 1.0 mm as the stationary phase, eluted with a mixture of 10 mM DTPA in 5 mM nitric acid, provided 213Bi with yields ranging from 77 % to 96 % in 2.8 mL of eluate, with parent 225Ac contamination in the order of 10−3 %, up to twenty days of use. All the results of the monitored parameters indicate that the composite sorbent α-ZrP-PAN based separation system for the elution of 213Bi is a very promising and functional solution. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heteroatom-doped surface-engineered carbon dots provide substantial potential, not only in their fluorescence sensing capabilities but also as nanocarriers for medicinal compounds and in exhibiting antioxidant behaviour. Here we describe a way to make naturally occurring carbon dots (PACDs) utilizing pentetic acid and gelatin in a one-step thermal coupling procedure. Antioxidant activity, biocompatibility, and colloidal stability were all highlighted by the PACDs. In order to assess the PACDs' drug transport capabilities, anticancer model drug molecules were also attached to their surface. Prolonged release patterns were seen in the drug-containing PACDs, indicating that they could be used for controlled drug delivery. Cumulative release data has been fitted into the Higuchi and Weibull models to understand the medication delivery process. The PACDs showed release characteristics that were sensitive to changes in pH; at acidic pH, the release profile could be more precisely controlled (∼28 %) than at alkaline pH (∼59 %). At PACDs concentrations <1 mg/mL, the radical activity is >80 % active; however this activity is greatly affected by the concentration. Because of their low toxicity to living human cell lines, PACDs are an attractive and versatile nano-vector for use in biomedical studies. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper contamination of water is one of the most pressing environmental problems which has attracted extensive concern in recent decades. In this study, a series of magnetic adsorbents were synthesized by two-step modified cellulose with N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine (KH-792) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) using for removal of Cu(II) from aqueous solutions. Adsorption performance of Cu(II) was systematically investigated under various treatment conditions as the effect of solution pH, contact time, initial concentration and temperature. The adsorption process was found to match better with the pseudo-second-order kinetics model, and the equilibrium adsorption data were well described by Langmuir model, which meant predominant governance of monolayer chemical adsorption. The analysis of FTIR and XPS confirmed the possible adsorption mechanism between Cu(II) and the synthesized adsorbents was electrostatic attraction and the chemical coordination. Compared with MCCs and APMC, DPMC showed higher adsorption capacity of Cu(II), reaching maximum adsorption capacity of 298.62 mg·g−1 at pH 6. Given this, ease of preparation, low cost and excellent reusability, DPMC will be promising adsorbent for application in Cu(II) removal from wastewater. [Display omitted] • Silane-DTPA-modified magnetic cellulose (DPMC) was synthesized for Cu(II) removal. • The functional groups were introduced onto the surface of cellulose under mild conditions. • Mechanism of Cu(II) adsorption was electrostatic attraction and chemical coordination. • DPMC showed high Cu(II) removal efficiency and excellent reusability. • Maximum adsorption capacity of DPMC for Cu(II) was 298.62 mg·g−1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dietary zinc (Zn) deficiency is widespread globally, and in particular among people in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). In Malawi, dietary sources of Zn are dominated by maize and spatially dependent variation in grain Zn concentration, which will affect dietary Zn intake, has been reported at distances of up to ~ 100 km. The aim of this study was to identify potential soil properties and environmental covariates which might explain this longer-range spatial variation in maize grain Zn concentration. Data for maize grain Zn concentrations, soil properties, and environmental covariates were obtained from a spatially representative survey in Malawi (n = 1600 locations). Labile and non-labile soil Zn forms were determined using isotopic dilution methods, alongside conventional agronomic soil analyses. Soil properties and environmental covariates as potential predictors of the concentration of Zn in maize grain were tested using a priori expert rankings and false discovery rate (FDR) controls within the linear mixed model (LMM) framework that informed the original survey design. Mean and median grain Zn concentrations were 21.8 and 21.5 mg kg−1, respectively (standard deviation 4.5; range 10.0–48.1). A LMM for grain Zn concentration was constructed for which the independent variables: soil pH(water), isotopically exchangeable Zn (ZnE), and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) extractable Zn (ZnDTPA) had predictive value (p < 0.01 in all cases, with FDR controlled at < 0.05). Downscaled mean annual temperature also explained a proportion of the spatial variation in grain Zn concentration. Evidence for spatially dependent variation in maize grain Zn concentrations in Malawi is robust within the LMM framework used in this study, at distances of up to ~ 100 km. Spatial predictions from this LMM provide a basis for further investigation of variations in the contribution of staple foods to Zn nutrition, and where interventions to increase dietary Zn intake (e.g. biofortification) might be most effective. Other soil and landscape factors influencing spatially dependent variation in maize grain Zn concentration, along with factors operating over shorter distances such as choice of crop variety and agronomic practices, require further exploration beyond the scope of the design of this survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The dynamics of the formation of cobalt(iii) complexes with anions of iminodiacetic, nitrilotriacetic, ethylenediaminetetraacetic, and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acids in aqueous solutions by the peroxide oxidation of cobalt(ii) polyaminopolycarboxylates was studied by spectrophotometry and potentiometry. The optimum conditions for the formation of coordination cobalt particles in the highly oxidized state were selected, and the composition of the formed cobalt(iii) chelates was determined. Data on the thermodynamic stability of the coordinatively bound cobalt particles, specific features of the kinetics of peroxide oxidation, and the influence of the concentrations of the main components and acidity of the solutions on the rate of redox processes of cobalt(iii) polyaminopolycarboxylate formation were obtained. It was found that a strong catalytic decomposition of the reagent-oxidant at pH > 4.0 occurs during the formation of oxygenated intermediates in solutions of mononuclear ethylenediaminetetraacetate and binuclear diethylenetriamine-pentaacetate complexes of cobalt(ii). Based on the NMR spectroscopy data, a mechanism for the formation of the oxygenated particles was proposed. It was shown that diamagnetic binuclear oxygenated chelates of cobalt(iii) are characterized by low kinetic stability, which leads to the deoxygenation and formation of weakly paramagnetic mononuclear complexes of cobalt(iii). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Extraction of hazardous compounds by plants (phytoextraction) is considered a green technology for the remediation of soils and water bodies. Phytoextraction of mercury is very challenging due to the specific chemical/biochemical properties of this element and its low plant uptake. In this review, mechanisms and processes of enhancing phytoextraction of mercury are summarized. Plants that look promising for induced phytoextraction of mercury are described. Additives of various types that may significantly increase the efficiency of mercury phytoextraction are critically evaluated. Thiosulfates and other sulfur-containing compounds, aminopolycarboxylic acids, low-molecular-weight organic acids and enzymes are considered in detail. The important role of selective chemical inductors, primarily thiosulfates, is demonstrated. It is shown that synthetic aminopolycarboxylic acids have the potential for increasing bioavailability of mercury in soils and its translocation to above-ground organs of plants-phytoextractors. Non-chemical methods of inducing mercury phytoextraction are also addressed. Abbreviations: APCA: aminopolycarboxylic acid, BAF: bioaccumulation factor, BDL: below detection limit Cys: cysteine, DTPA: diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid, DW: dry weight, EDDHA: ethylenediamine-N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyphenylacetic) acid, HEDTA: hydroxyethylethylenediaminetriacetic acid, IPEN: International Pollutants Elimination Network (), LMWOA: low-molecular-weight organic acid, MPC: below maximum permission concentration, ND: not detectable, NTA: nitrilotriacetic acid, PGPR: plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria, TF: translocation factor [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sorption extraction of Pu and Am from nitric acid simulation solutions were studied on a solid extractant (TVEX) AXIONIT MND 40T in a static mode. It is shown that the distribution coefficients of Pu and Am on TVEX reach maximum values ​​in 7.5 M HNO3. Desorbing solutions were selected that make it possible to selectively extract the target components from the TVEX phase. For effective desorption of Pu, it is advisable to use a reducing desorbing solution of the following composition: 3.5 M HNO3, 10 g/L ascorbic acid (C6H8O6), 0.2 M N2H4; for desorption of Am, a solution of 10 g/L diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) with pH 5–6. The values ​​of the full dynamic exchange capacity (FDEC) of TVEX for Pu and Am were 12 and 16 g/L, respectively. The fundamental possibility of sorption separation of Pu and Am from real intermediate-level liquid wastes (ILW) of chemical and metallurgical production (CMP) at TVEKS was established. A two-stage sorption technique for the separation of Pu and Am from liquid ILW of CMP was developed, which provides for the adjustment of the HNO3 concentration in solutions, the extraction of Pu on the Purolite S957 cation exchange resin, the concentration of Am from the filtrate on the TVEX, the desorption of Pu and Am from the sorbent phase, the regeneration of the TVEX, and the additional purification of the Am desorbate on the cation exchange resin Purolite S957 if it is necessary to yield a purified 241Am concentrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In most geologic applications, if barite is present, it must be separated from zircon to enable analysis of the zircon. Current methods of barite removal include mechanical comminution in a ball mill or conversion to barium carbonate by boiling in an aqueous solution of sodium carbonate. Both procedures have potentially serious drawbacks. We optimized an alternative technique for barite removal to avoid these shortcomings. In repeated experiments, boiling in an aqueous solution of 0.1 M diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and 6 wt% potassium carbonate for one hour dissolved about 90% of sand-size barite grains. Examination of barite after boiling in DTPA solution revealed evidence for attacks on crystal surfaces in the form of microscopic scallops and pits. In contrast, zircon crystal surfaces were not detectably altered at the microscopic scale by a boiling solution of DTPA and potassium carbonate. The DTPA and potassium carbonate solution procedure may be superior to the other two barite removal methods in two ways. First, it might not introduce bias into the sample, in contrast to both of the other two methods. Second, it requires less time than the sodium carbonate solution technique. If future research shows that the DTPA and potassium carbonate solution technique does not affect isotopic systems in zircon, this method appears to be a favorable alternative to both milling and boiling in sodium carbonate solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using cheap and non-toxic chelating agents during catalyst preparation is considered as an effective tool to control the particle size and to strengthen the metal-support interactions (MSI), while keeping the simplicity of the selected preparation method. The previous properties are useful to improve the catalyst activity, stability, and selectivity in dry reforming of methane (DRM). Therefore, we prepared a series of low Ni loading (2.5 wt%) catalysts supported over MgO-Al 2 O 3 (Mg/Al = 1.3) mixed oxide using the classic wet impregnation method modified with chelating agents (citric acid (CA), tartaric acid (TA) and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)) and subsequently evaluated these in DRM. Intensive catalyst characterization (ICP, BET, XRD, XPS, STEM, H 2 -TPR and O 2 -TPO) suggested the presence of different structure-activity relationships. Particularly, using chelating agents during catalyst preparation controlled the final particle size range, which in turn played a pivotal role in shaping the strength of the metal support interactions (MSI). These impacts were crucial to improve the activity, stability and to control the formation of coke deposits. Moreover, special focus was put on the catalytic testing of the outperforming sample (Ni(TA)/Mg 1.3 AlO x) prepared using tartaric acid as chelating agent under severe regimes prone to catalyst deactivation to demonstrate the benefits of the proposed preparation technique. [Display omitted] • Organic ligands affect Ni particle size and its metal-support interaction (MSI). • Adding tartaric acid (TA) during preparation gave the best catalyst. • Up to 60% less coking at high GHSV and excess CH 4. • Ni(TA)/Mg 1.3 AlO x lost only 10% conversion at 600 °C over 50 h runtime. • Ni reoxidation and coke deposition are the main reasons of catalyst deactivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A long-lived room temperature phosphorescence (RTP) carbon quantum dots (P-CDs) with ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) light photoresponsive oxidase-like nanozyme were synthesized to achieve higher photosensitive oxygen activation. Then the P-CDs were made into P-CDs/PVA films, which effectively prolonged the preservation period of fruits under photodynamic antibacterial action. [Display omitted] • One-step hydrothermal synthesis of long-lived room-temperature phosphorescent P-CDs. • The ultraviolet/visible light photoresponsive oxidase-like nanozyme activity. • P-CDs generate singlet oxygen through energy transfer under illumination. • The excellent photodynamic antibacterial property of P-CDs. • P-CDs/PVA films remarkably extend the shelf life of fruits under photosensitization. In this study, a novel long-lived room-temperature phosphorescent (RTP) carbon dots (P-CDs) with the properties of ultraviolet/visible (UV/Vis) light photoresponsive oxidase-like nanozyme were synthesized from diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid and through a one-step hydrothermal method. P-CDs were used as a light-driven oxidative-like enzyme for antimicrobial studies. The results showed that under UV/Vis light irradiation, P-CDs could efficiently convert O 2 into 1O 2 , and the strong oxidizing property of 1O 2 greatly enhanced the growth inhibition of P-CDs on Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) and Gram-negative Escherichia coli (E. coli). Meanwhile, P-CDs exhibited good photodynamic antifungal properties against Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea). Then the P-CDs were made into P-CDs/PVA films, which effectively prolonged the preservation period of fruits under photodynamic antibacterial action. The good biocompatibility and efficient photosensitive oxygen activation can make P-CDs a more practically useful oxidase-like nanozyme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermogalvanic devices can harvest wasted thermal energy; a waste product that is generated by humanity in staggering abundance. However, the incorporation of thermogalvanic devices in applications from hot, industrial environments through to waste body heat harvesting necessitates safe chemicals. In particular, since the redox active ions are the charge carriers the chemistry of these is crucial; the bigger and more powerful the device, the greater the abundance of these chemicals. The anionic ferricyanide/ferrocyanide ([Fe(CN)6]3−/4−) redox couple is arguably the most widely utilised and investigated thermogalvanic electrolyte, but has inherent (in)stability issues, and therefore safety issues. This study has investigated a wide range of anionic polycarboxylate and polyaminocarboxylate ligands in conjunction with iron(II / III) chloride (FeCl2/3) in an effort to develop a safer [Fe(CN)6]3−/4−-replacement. Detailed electrochemical and spectroscopic characterisation was used across the wide range of ligands investigated, and several were found to be viable for use in thermogalvanic cells. In particular, optimised nitriloacetic acid was found to yield a redox-active complex, [Fe(NTA)2]3−/4−, with a good Seebeck coefficient (−1.35 mV K−1) on par with [Fe(CN)6]3−/4−. However, diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (to form [Fe(DEPTA)]2−/3−) demonstrated the optimum compromise between thermodynamic and kinetic properties; this was used to prepare an in-series thermogalvanic device with the parent Fe2+/3+ species. Benchmarking against relative costs, and the principles of green chemistry and green chemical engineering was used to identify the relative merits of the different systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) is an attractive decorporation agent that can enhance the excretion of radioactive actinides such as plutonium, americium, and curium after a radiological incident. However, DTPA is excreted in a short period of time after administration. Several formulations have been developed to improve DTPA pharmacokinetics properties. In this project, liposomes were prepared facilely from soy lecithin as a nanocarrier for pulmonary delivery of Zn–DTPA. Lipid hydration, reverse phase evaporation, and mechanical sonication were three methods evaluated for the preparation of liposome-encapsulated Zn-DTPA (lipo-Zn-DTPA). Mechanical sonication was the method of choice due to simple apparatus and facile preparation. Lipo-Zn–DTPA exhibited a hydrodynamic diameter of 178 ± 2 nm and a spherical shape. The loading capacity and encapsulation efficiency of Zn–DTPA were 41 ± 5 mg/g and 10% ± 1%, respectively. Lyophilization of lipo-Zn–DTPA for extended storage did not affect the amount of encapsulated drug or damage the structure of liposomes. An in vivo cytotoxicity test confirmed no serious adverse effect of Zn–DTPA encapsulated lecithin liposomes in rats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To investigate whether a longer time period of gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhancedT1 mapping scanning, as well as dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) and multiple hepatobiliary phase magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) have the potential to provide information about liver function in rats with liver fibrosis. Forty rats were divided into the carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatic injury groups [carbon tetrachloride for four (n=14), eight (n=8), or twelve (n=8) weeks] and the control group (n=10). Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI was performed including T1-mapping (delayed to 50 min), DCE, and multiple hepatobiliary phases. Indocyanine green retention rate at 15 min (ICG-R15) was determined. Parameters such as T1 reduction rate (ΔT1), elimination half-life of ΔT1 (T ΔT1 1/2), relative enhancement (RE), time to maximum RE (T max), and perfusion parameters were calculated. Pearson correlation analysis was used for correlation analysis between ICG-R15 and each MRI indices. ΔT1 at 30, 40, and 50 min showed significant positive correlations with ICG-R15 (r=0.784, 0.653, 0.757, P=0.007, 0.041, 0.030). T ΔT1 1/2 showed a significant positive correlation with ICG-R15 (r=0.685, P=0.029).T max showed a significant positive correlation with ICG-R15 (r=0.532, P=0.019). ΔT1 in the late hepatobiliary phase and T ΔT1 1/2 exhibited moderate correlations with liver function. The longer time period of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced T1 mapping scanning, as well as DCE and multiple hepatobiliary phases, may be of some value for estimating liver function in rats with liver fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Precise assessment of renal function of voluntary kidney donors has important implications for both donor and recipient health outcome. The ideal test for assessment of overall renal function is measurement of Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR). Various centres use various creatinine based formulae to calculate the GFR, however when compared to GFR measurements by 99mTc-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) isotope clearance, their performance remain inconclusive. Aim: To assess the efficacy of creatinine-based GFR estimating equations in comparison to DTPA scan in voluntary kidney donors before and after donor nephrectomy. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on 50 voluntary kidney donors who underwent donor nephrectomy at Army Hospital (R&R), New delhi. This study was conducted from November 2016 to March 2018 as a single centre, prospective, longitudinal cohort study on living related kidney donors with follow up at 1 and 3 months after kidney donation. The predictive capabilities of GFR estimation by Cockroft Gault (CG) equation, CG equation corrected for GFR and 24-hour urine Creatinine Clearance (CrCl) corrected for Body Surface Area (BSA), for both pre- and postdonor nephrectomy at 90 days, were assessed and further compared with DTPA-GFR as reference GFR. Individual quantitative parameters were compared using Student t test. For the normally distributed GFR data, Pearson's correlation coefficient was also calculated. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS), version 24.0, software and MS Excel were used for analysis. Results: Out of 50 subjects studied, 38 (76%) were females and 12 (24%) were males. Majority of donors were spouses. The mean GFR measured by 99mTc-DTPA scan was 99.47±14.4 ml/ min/1.73m² and 62.1±11.5 ml/min/1.73 m² pre and postdonation respectively. All the equations being evaluated in this study underestimated the GFR as measured by 99mTc DTPA renal scan prior to kidney donation whereas GFR estimation postdonor nephrectomy by CG CrCl and CG GFR overestimated the GFR values while Urine CrCl underestimated it. Conclusion: All the equations performed unsatisfactorily. Even the best performing equation urine-CrCl was also found to be suboptimal for donor evaluation. More accurate methods of GFR estimation, should, thus be used keeping the potential risks of living kidney donation in perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Determination of traces of Cd, Co, Cu, Mn and Pb elements in zirconium and its alloys by inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) suffers from severe spectral interferences from the matrix elements. Here we developed an interference-free analytical procedure for ICP OES determination of these elements in zirconium and zirconium–niobium alloys based on a simple and inexpensive on-line matrix separation method using a small amount of a strong cation exchange resin (∼0.4 g) in a microcolumn, which also serves to preconcentrate the elements. The conditions of adsorption and desorption of the above mentioned elements were optimized. The desorption of the elements was performed using a dilute aqueous solution (1%) of diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA). The developed method is free from spectral interferences caused by zirconium and niobium in the determination of the aforementioned elements by ICP OES. The results of the proposed method were compared with those of Japanese Industrial Standards (JIS) as reference methods, and by recovery tests performed by spiking standard reference solutions of the desired elements to the solution of the dissolved zirconium–niobium alloy samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focal nodular hyperplasia (FNH) is the second most frequent benign liver tumor, and it is a fiber-rich stiff lesion. Typically, FNH can be diagnosed by imaging without biopsy. However, liver biopsy and diagnostic resection may be required to differentiate atypical FNH from other liver tumors, such as hepatocellular adenoma (HCA). Therefore, improved noninvasive diagnostic methods are needed. We experienced 2 cases where combination of magnetic resonance elastography (MRE) and gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (Gd-EOB-DTPA)-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) helped diagnose FNH. A 36-year-old woman and 17-year-old boy with liver tumors measuring 40 mm in diameter each showed hypointense nodule centers, indicating a central scar, surrounded by hyperintense signals during the hepatobiliary phase of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI. To rule out HCA, we performed MRE and liver biopsy. On MRE, the mean stiffness of the mass was 11.6 kPa (mean stiffness of the background liver was 1.7 kPa) and 11.1 kPa (mean stiffness of the background liver was 2.4 kPa) in the first and second patients, respectively. Histological examination of both specimens showed CK7-positive bile-ductular proliferations, abundant fibrous tissue, and few Ki-67-positive cells. Based on these results, we diagnosed these tumors as FNH. Combination of Gd-EOB-DTPA-enhanced MRI and MRE can evaluate the character and stiffness of lesion and help in the diagnosis of FNH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) is one of the neutrophils’ mechanisms involved in the response to infection. NETs are released from the cell in response to a biological or synthetic stimulus to entrap, immobilize and kill pathogens. Metal ions and metal binding proteins were identified in the structure of NETs, but their role in NET release remains unclear. The aim of this study was to assess how lack of iron and zinc generated by ion sequestration using chelators affects NET release. Neutrophils were isolated from whole blood or buffy coats of healthy blood donors by density gradient centrifugation and incubated with zinc chelators: 20 μM N,N,N′,N′-Tetrakis(2-pyridylmethyl)ethylenediamine (TPEN), 40 μM diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) or iron chelators: 400 μM deferoxamine mesylate salt (DFO) and 50 μM iminodiacetic acid (IDA). Next, 100 nM phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) was added to stimulate release of NETs. The amount of released DNA was measured by fluorometry and NETs were visualized by immunofluorescence microscopy. This study demonstrates that iron and zinc chelators are able to modulate NET release. Here we show that preincubation of neutrophils with TPEN and IDA inhibits NET release in cells stimulated with PMA. On the other hand DFO stimulates NET release. Incubation of cells with DTPA does not affect release of NETs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PAMAM dendrimers (PAMs) are a group of polymeric macromolecules with distinctive physicochemical features, which can make them multifunctional theranostic nanoparticles (NPs). This study was designed to examine the impact of mucin-1 aptamer-conjugated NPs which were engineered using PAM for image-guided delivery of gefitinib (GEF) in the breast cancer cells/tumor. For this, PAMAM was conjugated with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and modified with PEG2000 to prepare a multi-functionalized NPs. Subsequently, GEF was loaded onto the DTPA-PAM-PEG NPs, which were then armed with MUC-1 aptamer to form the DTPA-PAM-PEG/GEF@MUC-1 nanosystem. Finally, aptamer-conjugated NPs were radiolabeled by gallium-67 as an imaging agent to construct image-guided nanoplatforms. The prepared NPs were characterized by different techniques. The kinetic release models of gefitinib from radiolabeled NPs offer the sustained-release mechanism of the encapsulated drug for over 7 days. In vitro evaluation showed higher cytotoxicity and enhanced uptake of the mucin-grafted NPs in MCF-7 cells. Nuclear medicine imaging and in vivo investigations revealed significant accumulation of 67Ga-DTPA-PAM-PEG/GEF@MUC-1 in the tumor site of the animal models. These data suggest that the engineered NPs are a promising image-guided nanosystem for mucin-expressing breast cells/tumors with the assistance of nuclear medicine. Unlabelled Image • The integration of nanomedicine with nuclear imaging could be a dominant implementation for the translation of drug delivery systems. • The image-guided polyamidoamine-based nanoparticles were used for breast cancer treatment by gefitinib. • The radiolabeled-nanoparticles had pH-responsive sustained release manners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Enzymatic polysorbate (PS) degradation and resulting free fatty acid (FFA) particles are detrimental to biopharmaceutical drug product (DP) stability. Different types and grades of polysorbate have varying propensity to form FFA particles. This work evaluates the homogenous all-oleate (AO) PS80 alongside heterogeneous PS20 and PS80 grades in terms its propensity to form FFA particles and other important attributes like interfacial protection and oxidation susceptibility. Methods: FFA particle formation rates were compared by degrading PS using non-immobilized hydrolases and fast degrading DP formulations. Interfacial protection of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) was assessed by agitation studies in saline using non-degraded and degraded PS. Several antioxidants were assessed for their ability to mitigate AO PS80 oxidation and subsequent mAb oxidation by a 40°C placebo stability study and a 2, 2′-Azobis (2-amidinopropane) dihydrochloride stress model, respectively. Results: Visible and subvisible particles were significantly delayed in AO PS80 formulations compared with heterogeneous PS20 and PS80 formulations. Non-degraded AO PS80 was less protective of mAbs against the air-water interface compared with heterogeneous PS20. Interfacial protection by AO PS80 improved upon degradation owing to high surface activity of FFAs. Diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) completely mitigated AO PS80 oxidation unlike L-methionine and N-Acetyl-DL-Tryptophan. However, DTPA did not mitigate radical mediated mAb oxidation. Conclusion: AO PS80 is a promising alternative to reduce FFA particle formation compared with other PS types and grades. However, limitations observed here---such as lower protection against interfacial stresses and higher propensity for oxidation---need to be considered in assessing the risk/benefit ratio in using AO PS80. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scale deposition is a pertinent challenge in the oil and gas industry. Scales formed from iron sulfide are one of the troublous scales, particularly pyrite. Moreover, the use of biodegradable environmentally friendly chemicals reduces the cost compared to the conventional removal process. In this work, the chelating abilities of four novel chemicals, designed using the in silico technique of density functional theory (DFT), are studied as potential iron sulfide scale removers. Only one of the chemicals containing a hydroxamate functional group had a good chelating ability with Fe2+. The chelating strength and ecotoxicological properties of this chemical were compared to diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), an already established iron sulfide scale remover. The new promising chemical surpassed DTPA in being a safer chemical and having a greater binding affinity to Fe2+ upon optimization, hence, a better choice. The presence of oxime (-NHOH) and carbonyl (C=O) moieties in the new chemical showed that the bidentate form of chelation is favored. Moreover, the presence of an intramolecular hydrogen bond enhanced its chelating ability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With acrylamide (AM), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), chitosan (CS), and graphene oxide (GO) as the raw materials, a GO-based composite aerogel named as APAM/DTPA-CS/GO (APAM = Anionic polyacrylamide) was constructed by a facile method. The composite aerogel was systematically characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction to confirm the successful preparation. Methylene blue (MB) was used as the model dye molecule to evaluate the adsorption behaviors of APAM/DTPA-CS/GO. The results showed that equilibrium adsorption capacity of the aerogel toward MB could attain 652.99 mg/g at 303 K, which was more efficient than many previously reported adsorbents. The main driving forces of adsorption process were electrostatic interaction, hydrogen bond, and π-π conjugate interaction. The adsorption process of MB by the composite aerogel could be well described by pseudo-second-order kinetic model and Langmuir isothermal model. APAM/DTPA-CS/GO still maintained high equilibrium adsorption capacity of more than 600 mg/g toward MB even after six adsorption-desorption cycles, indicating that the aerogel had excellent regenerability. The efficient and recyclable adsorption performances might endow GO-based composite aerogel with considerable application prospect in the treatment of dye wastewater. [Display omitted] • APAM/DTPA-CS/GO composite aerogel was fabricated by a facile method. • Equilibrium adsorption capacity of the aerogel toward MB was 652.99 mg/g at 303 K. • The aerogel exhibited efficient and recyclable adsorption performance for MB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• MP application increased the grain yield of wheat in Cd contaminated alkaline soil. • MP facilitated soil Cd stabilization and inhibited wheat Cd uptake. • MP promoted the free Fe(Mn) oxides into amorphous Fe(Mn) oxides. • MP enhanced the enrichment of Fe and Cd in soil colloid. Wheat is one of the major sources of dietary nutrition for human body, and excessive Cadmium (Cd) in wheat poses a serious risk to human health. Mercapto–palygorskite (MP) has been proven to efficiently reduce Cd stress in wheat, but the contribution of major soil oxides to the stability of soil Cd under MP treatment is unclear. Here, a wheat pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of soil Fe and Mn oxides on the Cd fraction under MP treatment. The results showed that the application of MP decreased the diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA)–extractable Cd by 24.0–34.7 %, increased the Fe and Mn oxide-bound Cd (OX–Cd) by 5.0–12.0 % and significantly reduced the Cd content in wheat grains (17.9–69.5 %). It also decreased the soil's free Fe and Mn oxides by 6.1–11.7 %and 6.9–12.4 %, respectively, and increased the amorphous Fe and Mn oxides by 19.3–32.5 % and 21.9–24.1 %, respectively. In addition, the application of MP increased the concentration of Fe and Cd in soil colloid by 19.3–33.3 % and 11.3–45.3 %, respectively. Correlation analysis indicated that the amorphous Fe, Mn oxides in soil had a significant positive correlation with the content of Fe and Mn bound Cd in soil (P < 0.01). Primary component analysis (PCA) analysis shows colloidal Fe and Mn on the soil available Cd had relatively high positively loadings. Meanwhile, soil colloidal Fe exhibited a significant positive correlation with colloidal Cd (P < 0.01) and amorphous Fe oxides (P < 0.01). These results indicated that MP remediated Cd-contaminated soil by promoting an increase in amorphous Fe, Mn oxides and their adsorption and precipitation of Cd on these oxides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgrounds: Due to the unexpected side effects of the iodinated contrast agents, novel contrast agents for X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging are urgently needed. Nanoparticles made by heavy metal elements are often employed, such as gold and bismuth. These nanoparticles have the advantages of long in vivo circulation time and tumor targeted ability. However, due to the long residence time in vivo, these nanoparticles may bring unexpected toxicity and, the preparation methods of these nanoparticles are complicated and time—consuming. Methods: In this investigation, a small molecular bismuth chelate using diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DPTA) as the chelating agent was proposed to be an ideal CT contrast agent. Results: The preparation method is easy and cost—effective. Moreover, the bismuth agent show better CT imaging for kidney than iohexol in the aspect of improved CT values. Up to 500 µM, the bismuth agent show negligible toxicity to L02 cells and negligible hemolysis. And, the bismuth agent did not induce detectable morphology changes to the main organs of the mice after intravenously repeated administration at a high dose of 250 mg/kg. The pharmacokinetics of the bismuth agent follows the first—order elimination kinetics and, it has a short half—life time of 0.602 h. The rapid clearance from the body promised its excellent biocompatibility. Conclusions: This bismuth agent may serve as a potential candidate for developing novel contrast agent for CT imaging in clinical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial distribution of Ni has been studied in soils of Ibshway district area, Fayoum governorate, Egypt using grid system- log distance of 2 km. Levels and Spatial distribution of Ni( total and extractable) contents were identified and mapped using "ILWIS application" Geographic Information System (on basis of their Ni contents) throughout the studied area. It was found that the mean concentrations of total Ni within the top 60 cm of soils were 40.02 mg kg-1, i.e higher than the general means in some soils of the world. The general mean concentrations of total Ni within the top 60 cm in Ibshway District soils mostly higher than the maximum allowable limits applied in some countries such as Denmark, Netherlands, Germany, Ireland and Canada the total Ni values are similar to the permissible limits applied in some developed countries such as Finland and below the allowed maximum limits applied in some developed countries such as Switzerland, Czech Republic and Eastern Europe (Russia, Ukraine, Moldavia and Belarus) The maps generated through GIS are useful for decision makers for land use planning, conservation and evaluating the degree of environmental contamination with hazardous heavy metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radionuclides are widely used to study the relative renal functions (RRFs) for kidney patients. This work reports the determination of the RRFs using the technetium-99m dimercaptosuccinic acid (99mTc-DMSA) and technetium-99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99mTc-DTPA) for children having kidney diseases. The two methods are then compared to find the choice of scintigraphy for a particular type of disease. A total of 65 child kidney patients of ages 5 months - 16 years were the representative samples of the study. The mean RRFs calculated with 99mTc-DTPA were found as 47.10%±19.81% and 53.33%±19.50%. respectively, for the left and right kidneys. On the other hand, the values are 46.66%±20.02% and 53.31%±20.01%, respectively, using 99mTc-DMSA.A significant positive correlation (i=0.944,P<0.001) was found between the RRFs calculated with the two scanning methods in pearson correlation analysis. In one way ANOVA test, we did not find any difference between the RRFs calculated with 99mTc-DTPA and 99mTc-DMSA between the left and right kidneys. In Bland-Altman Plots, no mean difference was found between the two scanning methods and the correlation limit lies between 13.5 and 12.6. The present study suggests using a single method for a particular type of disease.99mTc-DMSA is the primary choice for the evaluation of RRF since it is easy, inexpensive and also provides cortical morphology, renal scar and cyst evaluation. But for glomerular filtration rate and renogram curve, 99mTc-DTPA should be the obvious selection as 99mTc-DMSA fails to provide any information for these cases, fails to provide any information for these cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel post-synthetic method combining the microwave (MW)-assisted dealumination and hydrothermal (HT) alkaline treatment for obtaining mesoporous Y zeolite catalysts is presented. In the first-step MW-assisted dealumination of the pristine Y zeolite, both the mineral acid (i.e. hydrochloric acid, HCl) and organic carboxylic acids (e.g. oxalic and diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid) were used (all at 0.16 M), and their effects on the physical and chemical properties of the resulting modified zeolites (after the identical HT alkaline treatment using 0.2 M sodium hydroxide solution) are studied in detail by comprehensive characterisation of the bulk silicon-to-aluminium (SAR) ratio, crystallinity and textural properties. The findings show that, in the developed sequential method, (i) HCl was only effective to achieve the hydrolysis of the zeolite, (ii) carboxylic acids with the function of chelation was very capable of extracting Al species and creating mesopores, and (iii) the mesopores formation is a function of the number of coordination sites in the carboxylic acid. The hierarchical feature of the mesopores in the modified zeolites (using carboxylic acids) was probed by the model reaction of aldol condensation of 1-heptanal with benzaldehyde for the selective formation of jasminaldehyde. The normalised selectivity to jasminaldehyde (with respect to the strong acidity) was proportionally related to the specific mesopores volume of the zeolites, revealing hierarchical porous networks in the relevant modified Y zeolites and indicating the effect of hierarchical mesopores in the zeolites on their catalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In volunteers with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), inhaled Interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is safe and may improve pulmonary function. However, coughing, associated with upper airway deposition, is often reported. To address this problem, a small-particle, breath-enhanced jet nebulizer (i-NEB Mini; InspiRx, Inc., Somerset, NJ) was developed. Using gamma scintigraphy, this device was tested in healthy individuals and subjects with IPF to determine efficiency and regional deposition in lung and airways. Methods: Four healthy individuals and nine subjects with IPF were enrolled. The nebulizer was filled with 2 mL of saline with 99m Tc bound to diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) powered continuously with 3.4 L/min of compressed air. Mass median aerodynamic diameter (MMAD) was measured by cascade impactor. To maximize deposition in alveoli, inspiratory flow was limited by an inspiratory resistance incorporated into the nebulizer, resulting in a deep inspiration ∼6 seconds. The treatment was run to completion (10 minutes), and each subject underwent deposition imaging. Mass balance and regions of interest determined upper airway (measured by calibrated stomach activity) and regional lung deposition as a percent of pretreatment nebulizer charge. Results: Subjects tolerated the device with no complaints. MMAD (mean [geometric standard deviation]) = 1.04 [1.92] μm. Lung deposition (mean ± standard error, % nebulizer charge) in healthy subjects was 26.2% ± 1.83 and in IPF individuals 23.4% ± 1.60 (p = 0.414). Upper airway deposition was 1.4% ± 0.83 and 2.3% ± 0.48, respectively (p = 0.351), and 20.1% was lost during expiration. Central/Peripheral ratios were consistent in both groups, showing high peripheral deposition (1.32 ± 0.050, vs. 1.28 ± 0.046, p = 0.912). Conclusion: The i-NEB Mini jet nebulizer with breath enhancement produced small particles, resulting in minimal upper airway deposition. Using slow and deep breathing, more than half of the emitted dose deposited in the peripheral lung in normal subjects and individuals with IPF. These data indicate that, for future clinical trials, controlled lung doses of small particles, designed to avoid coughing, are possible even in subjects with advanced disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

No imaging modality can be used to evaluate Fontan-associated liver disease (FALD). We retrospectively reviewed hepatic gadolinium ethoxybenzyl diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (EOB-MRI) characteristics of patients within 1 year post-Fontan procedure, and we evaluated the association between hepatic imaging abnormalities and clinical parameters, including follow-up cardiac catheterization and laboratory test findings. The EOB-MR images were graded, based on the extent of the decreased enhancement, as "normal" (Grade 1), "segmental" (Grade 2), "regional" (Grade 3), and "diffuse" (Grade 4). We enrolled 37 patients (mean age, 3.5 ± 1.0 years): 9 patients had Grade 1 or 2; 14 patients, Grade 3; and 14 patients, Grade 4. EOB-MRI revealed characteristic reticular or mosaic patterns of diminished enhancement (i.e. "frog spawn" appearance). Ultrasonography did not detect diminished enhancement or "frog spawn" appearance. A trend existed toward increased grade severity in imaging with increased central venous pressure, pulmonary vascular resistance, and gamma-glutamyltransferase levels. Noninvasive EOB-MRI revealed the characteristic pattern of diminished enhancement, which was correlated with certain clinical parameters indicative of Fontan physiology and liver dysfunction. Early-stage FALD may occur soon after the Fontan procedure and is associated with increased pressure in the inferior vena cava and hepatic veins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective (1) To assess the perfusion functions of the kidneys by Hilson's perfusion index and (2) to evaluate the renal functions of the patients with renal ectopia and fusion anomalies by dynamic renal scintigraphy. Materials and Methods A total of 959 patients referred for Tc-99m DTPA dynamic renal scintigraphy were investigated retrospectively. We evaluated the functions and diuretic response of the kidneys on the time-activity curves (TACs) and performed quantitative analysis. Hilson's index was used for the evaluation of perfusion of the kidneys. Results Renal ectopia and fusion anomalies were reported in 29 (3%) patients. The mean length of the kidneys with pelvic ectopic kidneys were significantly shorter than the orthotopic kidneys (91.0 mm ± 18.9 and 111.0 mm ± 10.3, respectively, p = 0.001). The mean value of Hilson's perfusion index was significantly higher in the kidneys with ectopia compared to the orthotopic kidneys (86.4 ± 67.1 vs. 36.8 ± 18.0, respectively, p = 0.001). There was no significant difference when we compared the perfusion/extraction functions and the excretion functions of the kidneys among crossed-fused renal ectopic (CFRE), pelvic ectopic, and horseshoe kidneys (p = 0.079 and p = 0.879, respectively). Extraction functions were significantly impaired in the pelvic ectopic kidneys compared to the orthotopic kidneys (p = 0.001). There was no significant difference between excretion functions of pelvic kidneys and orthotopic kidneys (p = 0.116). Conclusion Hilson's perfusion index may be useful in scintigraphic assessment of perfusion functions of the kidneys with renal ectopia and fusion anomalies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of this study is to develop a multifunctional theranostic agent for both imaging (MR and fluorescence) and combined therapy (photodynamic and radiotherapy). Initially, manganese oxide nanoparticles (MnO NPs) were synthesized and conjugated with diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) which will be then called as MnO‐DTPA NPs, and at the final step, synthesized MnO NPs were encapsulated with niosomes in the presence of protoporphyrin‐IX (PP(IX)). In vitro cell culture and bioaffinity studies were performed on PC‐3 and BJ cells. The structures (Niosome‐MnO‐DTPA‐PP(IX)) have fluorescence properties and photodynamic therapy potential due to the presence of PP(IX) as well as MR imaging and photodynamic and radiotherapy efficiency. According to data, it was claimed that toxicity of MnO NPs were significantly decreased after encapsulation of niosomes especially for BJ cell line. Therapy potential of the 'Niosome‐MnO‐DTPA‐PP(IX)' was examined and promising findings were obtained for the potential use of combined therapy agent for prostate cancer cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aminopolycarboxylic acids (APCAs), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA) and nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), are used as decontamination agents throughout the nuclear industry; therefore, APCAs are often found in radioactive waste. Limits of acceptance on APCAs are imposed on wastes consigned to the Low Level Waste Repository (LLWR) because, when present in the waste, the ligands have the potential to mobilise otherwise surface-bound or solid radionuclides, making them available for transport to groundwater and ultimately to the bio-sphere. A selective and sensitive methodology to detect and quantify these ligands in a range of complex matrices is advantageous in supporting waste acceptance processes. A reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) procedure has been applied for quantification of EDTA, DTPA and NTA in their Fe(III)-complex form. Method validation results show linearity (r2 > 0.999), precision (intra/inter-day %RSD ≤ 10%), accuracy (recovery = 100 ± 3%), sensitivity (minimum limits of detection = 0.31, 0.38 and 4.3 μM for EDTA, DTPA and NTA, respectively) and selectivity (simultaneous determination of the three APCA complexes achieved with baseline resolution) for Fe(III)-APCAs in aqueous solution. Chromatographic peak overlap is observed for samples containing Fe(III)- and Co(III)-EDTA; two deconvolution methods (2D least-squares fitting vs. PARAFAC) were applied to resolve the peaks and the performances compared. The optimised HPLC method was applied to trench leachate samples from the LLWR site. EDTA was detected with 0.4 μM < concentrations < 1 μM in samples from four of the six sampling locations tested. The levels are not considered sufficient to increase the risk of radionuclide mobilisation. The technique is considered to be robust and will be considered further in informing limits of acceptance on APCAs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 99mTc‐DTPA (Technetium99m diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid), is a radiopharmaceutical used in renal scintigraphy. The human serum albumin (HSA) binding site(s) for the 99mTc‐DTPA have never been characterized. This study will cover in vitro the binding rates of 99mTc‐DTPA on HSA and the 99mTc‐DTPA competition interactions with two drugs having known human serum albumin binding sites. Furosemide (FUR) and metformin (MET) were added to 99mTc‐DTPA solution (weight ratios 1/1 vol:vol) followed by the quantification of 99mTc‐DTPA binding rates to HSA (40 g/L) using equilibrium dialysis and the qualification of this binding using Molecular Modeling methods. The 99mTc‐DTPA binding rates to human serum albumin increased with the highest concentration. Both drugs FUR and MET displaced 99mTc‐DTPA binding. 99mTc‐DTPA could bind to human serum albumin in many locations in site I and I‐II, but strongly bound to site I through hydrogen bonds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A silicon nanodots (SiNDs)-based ratiometric fluorescent sensor was designed to establish highly sensitive and selective method for detection of tetracyclines (TCs). The sensor comprises the blue fluorescence SiNDs were prepared by hydrothermal method synthesis from (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane and low-cost diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid as the precursor, which serve as co-ligands for covalently bond with europium ions (Eu3+), and also the internal reference signal. In the presence of TCs, the luminescence intensity of Eu3+ was significantly increased, while the luminescence intensity of SiNDs was reduced. The fluorescence intensity ratio of I 616 /I 450 of the sensor exhibits a sensitive linear range from 0.2 to 20 μM with a detection limit of 3 nM for the detection of TCs. This method was successfully applied to determine the levels of TCs in nature river samples and milk samples with good recoveries ranges from 92.2% to 107.4% and relative standard deviations (RSD, n = 3) was below 5%, providing a promising application future in real samples. Schematic representation of the synthesis the SiNDs and TCs-sensing mechanisms based on SiNDs-Eu3+. Image 1 • A novel blue fluorescence silicon nanodots (SiNDs) covalently bond with europium ion (Eu3+) to form a ratiometric fluorescent sensor. • The TCs is rapidly analyzed with limit of detection of 3 nM. • The SiNDs act as ancillary ligands for bonding Eu3+ ions, an energy donors in RET and a reference in ratiometric fluorescent system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]