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600 results on '"[ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry"'

1. Improving the high temperature oxidation resistance of pure titanium by shot-peening treatments

Author: Tony Montesin, Nicolas Geoffroy, Virgil Optasanu, Manuel François, Pascal Berger, L. Lavisse, Olivier Heintz, M.C. Marco de Lucas, A. Kanjer, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne [Dijon] (LICB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Systèmes Mécaniques et d'Ingénierie Simultanée (LASMIS), Institut Charles Delaunay (ICD), Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Troyes (UTT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers (LEEL - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE] (UBFC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne ( LICB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Recherche sur la Réactivité des Solides ( LRRS ), Laboratoire des Systèmes Mécaniques et d'Ingénierie Simultanée ( LASMIS ), Institut Charles Delaunay ( ICD ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Technologie de Troyes ( UTT ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université de Technologie de Troyes ( UTT ), Laboratoire d'Etudes des Eléments Légers ( LEEL - UMR 3685 ), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) ( NIMBE UMR 3685 ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay
Subjects: Thermogravimetric analysis, Materials science, Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Nitride, Shot peening, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Tungsten carbide, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, 010302 applied physics, Zirconium, Metallurgy, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, Titanium
Abstract: International audience; Shot-peening (SP) treatments have shown their capacity to improve the oxidation resistance of titanium and zirconium thanks to the large compressive stresses and the surface hardening induced by this mechanical process. However, shot-peening treatments can produce a surface chemical deposit, which can modify the high temperature oxidation resistance. Here, we study pure titanium samples shot-peened with different type of balls: tungsten carbide, alumina or glass. The oxidation behavior was studied at 700 °C in dry air by thermo gravimetric analysis for short isotherm oxidation periods up to 100 h. Also, long oxidation tests (3000 h) at 700 °C were performed with an intermittent monitoring of the samples mass. The oxidized samples were characterized by XRD, SEM/EDS, XPS and nuclear reaction analysis. After 100 h of oxidation the alumina ball shot-peening treatment produced the most resistant samples. The smallest α-case area was found for the samples that received the most energetic mechanical treatment. The formation of a continuous nitride layer observed underneath the oxide layer can explain the oxidation resistance improvement. Shot-peening treatments with alumina balls produce an alumina deposit on the samples surface that participates to reduce the oxidation. The chemical and structural surface modifications brought by the mechanical treatment participate to the oxidation resistance improvement. For long oxidation periods (3000 h), the shot-peening with WC balls followed by a stripping with glass balls was the only treatment that showed an oxidation resistance improvement.
Published: 2018
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2. Five-dimensional imaging of freezing emulsions with solute effects

Author: Dmytro Dedovets, Cécile Monteux, Sylvain Deville, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Fonctionnalisation de Céramiques ( UMR 3080 ), Saint Gobain, Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle ( SIMM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -ESPCI ParisTech-PSL Research University ( PSL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Synthèse et Fonctionnalisation de Céramiques (LSFC), Saint Gobain-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sciences et Ingénierie de la Matière Molle (SIMM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)
Subjects: Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Multidisciplinary, Materials science, [ SPI.MAT ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Front (oceanography), Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), FOS: Physical sciences, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, Condensed Matter - Soft Condensed Matter, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, 3. Good health, Premelting, Chemical physics, Natural processes, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 0103 physical sciences, Soft Condensed Matter (cond-mat.soft), Grain boundary, Solidification microstructure, 010306 general physics, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: The interaction of objects with a moving solidification front is a common feature of many industrial and natural processes such as metal processing, the growth of single-crystals, the cryopreservation of cells, or the formation of sea ice. Solidification fronts interact with objects with different outcomes, from the total rejection to their complete engulfment. We image the freezing of emulsions in 5D (space, time, and solute concentration) with confocal microscopy. We show the solute induces long-range interactions that determine the solidification microstructure. The local increase of solute concentration enhances premelting, which controls the engulfment of droplets by the front and the evolution of grain boundaries. Freezing emulsions may be a good analogue of many solidification systems where objects interact with a solidification interface., 23 pages, 4 figures, 31 references
Published: 2018
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3. Understanding the Inhibition of Mild Steel Corrosion by dianiline Schiff bases: a DFT investigation

Author: Djamel Eddine Mazouzi, Zelikha Necira, Nadia Nebbache, Salah Eddine Hachani, and Université Mohamed Khider de Biskra ( BISKRA )
Subjects: Quantum chemical, Materials science, corrosion, 010405 organic chemistry, Band gap, 01 natural sciences, DFT, inhibition, mild steel, 0104 chemical sciences, Corrosion, lcsh:Chemistry, Dipole, lcsh:QD1-999, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [ CHIM.THEO ] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, dianiline Schiff bases, Physical chemistry, 1 M H2SO4, Reactivity (chemistry), H2SO4, Selectivity
Abstract: International audience; Quantum chemical calculations at DFT/B3LYP level of theory with 6-31G, 6-311G, and 6-311G(d,p) basis sets were done to correlate the inhibition of mild steel corrosion in 1 M H 2 SO 4 by four dianiline Schiff bases namely N,N'-Bis(ben-zylidene)-4,4'-dianiline (DAA), N,N'-Bis (benzylidene)-4,4'-methylenedianiline (MDAA), N,N' Bis(ben-zylidene)-4,4'-sulphonyldianiline (SDAA) and N,N'-Bis(benzylidene)-4,4'-oxydianiline (ODAA) with their electronic and structural properties. Quantum chemical parameters such as the E HOMO , E LUMO , energy gap (∆E), dipole moment (µ), global softness (σ), and global hardness (η) were calculated and discussed to provide valuable explanations for the reactivity and selectivity of the studied inhibitors. The results obtained showed a certain relationship to the experimental inhibition efficiency results earlier reported.
Published: 2018
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4. Modelling Tetraselmis sp. growth-kinetics and optimizing bioactive-compound production through environmental conditions

Author: Bilel Hadrich, Imen Fendri, Chantal Pichon, Faiez Hentati, Mohamed Barkallah, Philippe Michaud, Mouna Dammak, Michel Denis, Slim Abdelkafi, Hajer Ben Hlima, Frapart, Isabelle, Unité de Biotechnologie des Algues, Biological Engineering Department, National School of Engineers of Sfax, Université de Sfax - University of Sfax, École Nationale d'Ingénieurs de Sfax | National School of Engineers of Sfax (ENIS), Institut Pascal (IP), SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de biophysique moléculaire (CBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Service de Maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Tenon], CHU Tenon [AP-HP], Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Service des maladies infectieuses et tropicales [CHU Tenon], Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP), Toxicology-Microbiology and Environmental Health Unit (UR11ES70), Faculty of Sciences, Université d'Orléans (UO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pascal - Clermont Auvergne ( IP ), Sigma CLERMONT ( Sigma CLERMONT ) -Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Sfax, Centre de biophysique moléculaire ( CBM ), Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie ( MIO ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ) -Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), National School of Engineers of Sfax, Service des Maladies Infectieuses et Tropicales [CHU Tenon], CHU Tenon [APHP], and Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université-Assistance publique - Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP) (AP-HP)-Sorbonne Université
Subjects: Chlorophyll, 0106 biological sciences, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, Light, Starch, [ SDV.AEN ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BC.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, [ SDV.BBM.BC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, Optimal culture conditions, Chlorophyta, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], [SDV.IDA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, Microalgae, [ CHIM.GENI ] Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, Waste Management and Disposal, Carotenoid, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, chemistry.chemical_classification, biology, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, [ SDV.IDA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food engineering, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, General Medicine, Chlorophylls, Bioactive compound, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], [SDV.BBM.BP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biophysics, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], [ SDV.BBM.BP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biophysics, Environmental Engineering, Bioengineering, [ SDV.BBM.BM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, [ SDV.BC.IC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], [ CHIM.ORGA ] Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, 010608 biotechnology, Tetraselmis, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Chromatography, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, [ SDV.BC.BC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Subcellular Processes [q-bio.SC], [ SDV.BIO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, biology.organism_classification, Carotenoids, [ CHIM.POLY ] Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Salinity, Kinetics, Light intensity, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, chemistry, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Gravimetric analysis, [ CHIM.ANAL ] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [SDV.AEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Food and Nutrition, [ SDV.BBM.BS ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM]
Abstract: International audience; The aim of this study is to predict Tetraselmis cells growth-kinetic and to induce the synthesis of bioactive compounds (chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch) with high potential for biotechnological applications. Using the statistical criteria, the Baranyi-Roberts model has been selected to estimate the microalgae growth-kinetic values. The simultaneous effects of salinity, light intensity and pH of culture medium were investigated to maximize the production of total chlorophylls, carotenoids and starch. The optimal culture conditions for the production of these compounds were found using Box-Behnken Design. Results have shown that total chlorophyll and carotenoids were attained 21.6mg·g-1DW and 0.042mg·g-1DW, respectively. In addition, the highest starch content of 0.624g·g-1DW has been obtained at neutral pH with high irradiance (182μmolphotonsm-2 s-1) and low salinity (20). A highly correlation (R2 = 0.884) has been found between the gravimetric and flow cytometric measurements of chlorophyll content.
Published: 2018
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5. Silica coated iron nanoparticles: synthesis, interface control, magnetic and hyperthermia properties

Author: M. Mirjolet, Julian Carrey, Fabien Delpech, Céline Nayral, Joachim Allouche, Bruno Chaudret, Samantha Soulé, Jean-Charles Dupin, N. Hallali, Arnaud Glaria, Wilfried-Solo Ojo, Sébastien Lachaize, Gad Fuks, Hervé Martinez, A. Cornejo, Laboratoire de physique et chimie des nano-objets (LPCNO), Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique et chimie des nano-objets ( LPCNO ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux ( IPREM ), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour ( UPPA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche sur les Systèmes Atomiques et Moléculaires Complexes (IRSAMC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Ferrofluid, Materials science, General Chemical Engineering, Nanoparticle, [ CHIM.INOR ] Chemical Sciences/Inorganic chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, General Chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Magnetic field, Solvent, Magnetization, Chemical engineering, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, Remanence, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [ CHIM.OTHE ] Chemical Sciences/Other, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 0210 nano-technology, Layer (electronics)
Abstract: International audience; This work provides a detailed study on the synthesis and characterization of silica coated iron nanoparticles (NPs) by coupling Transmission Electronic Microscopy (TEM), X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) and magnetic measurements. Remarkably, iron NPs (of 9 nm of mean diameter) have been embedded in silica without any alteration of the magnetization of the iron cores, thanks to an original protocol of silica coating in non alcoholic medium. Tuning the synthesis parameters (concentration of reactants and choice of solvent), different sizes of Fe@SiO2 composites can be obtained with different thicknesses of silica. The magnetization of these objects is fully preserved after 24 h of water exposure thanks to a thick (14 nm) silica layer, opening thus new perspectives for biomedical applications. Hyperthermia measurements have been compared between Fe and Fe@SiO2 NPs, evidencing the self-organization of the free Fe NPs when a large amplitude magnetic field is applied. This phenomenon induces an increase of heating power which is precluded when the Fe cores are immobilised in silica. High-frequency hysteresis loop measurements allowed us to observe for the first time the increase of the ferrofluid susceptibility and remanence which are the signature of the formation of Fe NPs chains.
Published: 2018
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6. Multilayer Hierarchical Nanofibrillar Electrodes with Tuneable Lacunarity with 2D like Pt Deposits for PEMFC

Author: Jacques Rozière, Filippo Farina, Deborah J. Jones, Giorgio Ercolano, Sara Cavaliere, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier ( ICGM ICMMM ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier ( ENSCM ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), European Project : 700127,H2020,H2020-JTI-FCH-2015-1,INSPIRE ( 2016 ), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), European Project: 700127,H2020,H2020-JTI-FCH-2015-1,INSPIRE(2016), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Fabrication, Materials science, Membrane electrode assembly, Proton exchange membrane fuel cell, Nanotechnology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, Carbon nanotube, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Electrocatalyst, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, Electrospinning, 0104 chemical sciences, law.invention, law, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Lacunarity, Electrode, 0210 nano-technology, Algorithm
Abstract: Here we present a novel approach to electrocatalysts layer design for PEMFC. Pt conformally electrodeposited around surface of carbon nanotubes growth on a self-standing nanofibrous electrode (NFE). We found that by combining two cost-effective and up-scalable techniques, electrospinning and electrodeposition it is possible to produce a layered electrode with tuneable lacunarity and engineer the surface area distribution along the electrode thickness and in turn the Pt content distribution. It is possible to obtain an electrocatalyst with outstanding Pt exploitation and high durability while minimizing fabrication complexity[1]. We produced hierarchical 3D electrocatalyst layers with tuneable morphology that can be used directly in a membrane electrode assembly, allowing the complete exploitation of their highly porous structure, in a similar fashion to NSTF[2] or other 3D macroscopic assembly techniques. These structured electrocatalyst layers have high electrical conductivity for fast charge transport, and engineered density for efficient reactant mass transportation. This method allowed us to obtain self-standing nanofibrous electrodes with ultra-low Pt loading (0.05 mg/cm 2), that show very high activity towards the oxygen reduction reaction and electrochemical surface areas as high as 150 m2/g. A detailed microscopic, structural and electrochemical characterisation of the complete electrodes, including their application as the cathode in a proton exchange membrane fuel cell is presented. [1] G. Ercolano, F. Farina, S. Cavaliere, D.J. Jones, J. Rozière, J. Mater. Chem. A 5 (2017) 3974-3980. [2] M.K. Debe, A.K. Schmoeckel, G.D. Vernstrom, R. Atanasoski, J. Power Sources 161 (2006) 1002–1011. Acknowledgement: This project has received funding from the Fuel Cells and Hydrogen 2 Joint Undertaking under grant agreement No 700127 INSPIRE. This Joint Undertaking receives support from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme.
Published: 2017
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7. Random Structural Modification of a Low-Band-Gap BODIPY-Based Polymer

Author: Léo Bucher, Paul-Ludovic Karsenti, Pierre D. Harvey, Claude P. Gros, Nicolas Desbois, Shawkat M. Aly, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne [Dijon] (ICMUB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Département de chimie [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Faculté des sciences [Sherbrooke] (UdeS), Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS)-Université de Sherbrooke (UdeS), Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC) le 'Fonds Québecois de la Recherche sur la Nature et les Technologies (FQRNT)' Centre d’Études des Matériaux Optiques et Photoniques de FUniversité de Sherbrooke (CEMOPUS) Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique 6302 CNRS Université de Bourgogne Franche-ComtéConseil Régional de Bourgogne Consulat Général de France au Québec, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne [Dijon] ( ICMUB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Département de Chimie, Université de Sherbrooke, and Université de Sherbrooke [Sherbrooke]
Subjects: Materials science, Band gap, thin-film transistors, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Photochemistry, [ CHIM ] Chemical Sciences, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, molecular-orbital methods, organometallic compounds, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, density-functional theory, Absorption (electromagnetic radiation), valence basis-sets, distyryl-boradiazaindacenes, chemistry.chemical_classification, Polymer modified, field-effect transistors, pi-conjugated copolymers, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Polymer, Chromophore, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Wavelength, solar-cells, General Energy, chemistry, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, extended basis-sets, BODIPY, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; A BODIPY thiophene polymer modified by extending conjugation of the BODIPY chromophore is reported. This modification induces tunability of energy levels and therefore absorption wavelengths in order to target lower energies.
Published: 2017
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8. Effect of Yttrium as Alloying Element on a Model Alumina-Forming Alloy Oxidation at 1100 °C

Author: Sébastien Chevalier, Christophe Issartel, Jérôme Favergeon, Henri Buscail, Laboratoire Vellave sur l'Elaboration et l'Etude des Matériaux (LVEEM), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 (UBP), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (LICB), Université de Bourgogne (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Roberval (Roberval), Université de Technologie de Compiègne (UTC), Laboratoire Vellave sur l'Elaboration et l'Etude des Matériaux ( LVEEM ), Université Blaise Pascal - Clermont-Ferrand 2 ( UBP ), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne ( LICB ), Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Roberval, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire Carnot de Bourgogne (ICB)
Subjects: Materials science, 020209 energy, Diffusion, Alloy, Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Temperature cycling, engineering.material, Inorganic Chemistry, Metal, chemistry.chemical_compound, Aluminium, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, Materials Chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Metallurgy, Metals and Alloys, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Yttrium, Grain size, chemistry, 13. Climate action, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, visual_art, visual_art.visual_art_medium, engineering
Abstract: In order to study the effect of yttrium as alloying element on the high-temperature oxidation of an alumina-forming alloy, 0.093 wt% yttrium was incorporated into a model FeCrAl alloy. Yttrium has a beneficial effect on the isothermal oxidation behavior in air at 1100 °C. Glancing angle X-ray diffraction made on a sample oxidized for 1000 h under thermal cycling conditions indicated that yttrium is located at the internal interface as Y3Al5O12. Secondary neutral mass spectrometry results showed that the diffusion mechanism is modified by the presence of yttrium as an alloying element. Moreover, the beneficial effect of yttrium on the alloy oxidation is also related to a reduced metallic grain size. The growth of metal grains during oxidation was especially observed on the yttrium-free FeCrAl alloy. It is also well established that the diffusion mechanism in the oxide scale is modified by yttrium. The aim of the present work was to show that yttrium also plays a role on the aluminum diffusion in the metallic substrate and has a strong influence on the kinetic transient stage during the FeCrAl–0.1Y oxidation.
Published: 2017
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9. Modelling and experiments for the convecto-diffusive removal of impurities from the solidification front

Author: Guy Chichignoud, A. Nehari, Jochen Altenberend, Yves Delannoy, Kader Zaidat, Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés ( SIMaP ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Luminescents ( LPCML ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Convection, Materials science, Flow (psychology), Taylor–Couette flow, Thermodynamics, Crystal growth, 02 engineering and technology, Thermal diffusivity, 01 natural sciences, Physics::Fluid Dynamics, Inorganic Chemistry, Crystal, [CHIM.GENI]Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Fluid dynamics, [ CHIM.GENI ] Chemical Sciences/Chemical engineering, Nonlinear Sciences::Pattern Formation and Solitons, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, Turbulence, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: During crystal growth, the fluid flow plays an important role on the quantity and distribution of impurities in the crystal. This study examines with modelling and experiments the removal of impurities from the solidification front for the case where a turbulent fluid flow increases the effective diffusivity. The theoretical model is based on the properties of turbulent boundary layers. It predicts a transition between the diffusive regime (no segregation) and the convective regime (efficient segregation) when the stirring velocity is higher than a threshold depending on the solidification rate. Efficient segregation is generally obtained when the stirring velocity is 10 5 times higher than the solidification rate. Silicon solidification experiments in a Taylor-Couette flow showed that concentrations in the crystal are close to the thermodynamic minimum for stirring velocities above the threshold. This result shows that the turbulent fluid flow efficiently removes impurities from the solidification front and validates the theoretical model.
Published: 2017
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10. On-line Monitoring of Nanoparticle Synthesis by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy in Vacuum

Author: Jean-Baptiste Sirven, Jessica Picard, Olivier Sublemontier, Laboratoire Edifices Nanométriques (LEDNA), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Service d'études analytiques et de réactivité des surfaces (SEARS), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Edifices Nanométriques ( LEDNA ), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) ( NIMBE UMR 3685 ), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Service d'études analytiques et de réactivité des surfaces ( SEARS ), Département de Physico-Chimie ( DPC ), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Physics::Optics, Nanoparticle, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Collimated light, law.invention, Optics, law, General Materials Science, Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy, Spectroscopy, Range (particle radiation), business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, 010401 analytical chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Laser, 0104 chemical sciences, Mechanics of Materials, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, business, Beam (structure), Particle deposition
Abstract: International audience; We propose a new technique suitable for on-line monitoring of gas phase synthesis of nanoparticles. It is based on aerodynamic focusing of nanoparticles followed by Laser-Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS) under vacuum. The laser crosses a beam of particles at low pressure so that the plasma-produced photons to be analyzed are emitted only from the particles. Unlike previous experiments, the background from interaction with the gaseous component is totally eliminated from the collected spectra. Vacuum allows also for easier spectra collection in the UV range. Moreover, as the nanoparticle beam is highly collimated, the optical interface windows are not obstructed by particle deposition and the system can be kept running for hours.
Published: 2016
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11. Modeling the Capillary Pressure for the Migration of the Liquid Phase in Granular Solid–Liquid–Vapor Systems: Application to the Control of the Composition Profile in W-Cu FGM Materials

Author: Jean-Michel Missiaen, Jean-Joël Raharijaona, Francis Delannay, Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés [2016-2019] (SIMaP [2016-2019]), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology [2007-2019] (Grenoble INP [2007-2019])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Département des Sciences des matériaux et des procédés, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés ( SIMaP ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), and Université Catholique de Louvain ( UCL )
Subjects: Capillary pressure, Chemical substance, Materials science, Thermodynamics, Sintering, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Vapor System, Solid Skeleton, 0103 physical sciences, Porosity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Interface Energy, 010302 applied physics, Metallurgy, Metals and Alloys, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Liquid Bridge, Surface energy, Volume (thermodynamics), Mechanics of Materials, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Particle, Particle size, Capillary Pressure, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; A model is developed to compute the capillary pressure for the migration of the liquid phase out or into a uniform solid-liquid-vapor system. The capillary pressure is defined as the reduction of the overall interface energy per volume increment of the transferred fluid phase. The model takes into account the particle size of the solid particle aggregate, the packing configuration (coordination number, porosity), the volume fractions of the different phases, and the values of the interface energies in the system. The model is used for analyzing the stability of the composition profile during processing of W-Cu functionally graded materials combining a composition gradient with a particle size gradient. The migration pressure is computed with the model in two stages: (1) just after the melting of copper, i.e., when sintering and shape accommodation of the W particle aggregate can still be neglected and (2) at high temperature, when the system is close to full density with equilibrium particle shape. The model predicts well the different stages of liquid-phase migration observed experimentally.
Published: 2016
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12. Mining Archaeology and Micro-Raman Analysis Associated with ESEM-EDX: Toward a Chrono-Spatial Definition of Ore Consumption in a Pyrenean Medieval Workshop, 14th-16th Centuries

Author: Flament , J., Mercier , F., Dubois , C., Téreygeol , F., IRAMAT - Centre Ernest Babelon (IRAMAT-CEB), Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (LAPA - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), IRAMAT - Laboratoire Métallurgies et Cultures (IRAMAT - LMC), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux ( IRAMAT ), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard ( UTBM ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ) -Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération ( LAPA - UMR 3685 ), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) ( NIMBE UMR 3685 ), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [ SHS.ARCHEO ] Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [ CHIM.ANAL ] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience; The rapid expansion of non‐ferrous metallurgy in the late Middle Ages (14th–15th centuries) enhanced ore demand, which was supported by mining intensification. Metallurgical workshops developed various supply strategies based on geological, political and economic constraints. This is particularly true for the Pyrenean multi‐metals workshop of Castel‐Minier (Ariège, France), where recent excavations unearthed an exceptional corpus of non‐ferrous ores. A specific analytical methodology combining micro‐Raman spectroscopy and environmental scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X‐ray (ESEM‐EDX) was set up to study these artefacts. This composite methodology permitted the fast characterization of both mineral and gangue as well as a discussion of their economic potential. Ores identified were compared with ancient mines in neighbouring mining districts in order to sketch a geography of the mineral resources available to medieval metallurgists. Moreover, a chrono‐stratigraphic study of ore distribution in Castel‐Minier revealed the supply strategies, technological choices as well as spatializing of copper and lead metallurgies
Published: 2019
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13. Aluminum oxide nanowires as safe and effective adjuvants for next-generation vaccines

Author: Tetiana Dumych, Solomiya Paryzhak, Gleb Yushin, Alexandre Barras, Kostiantyn Turcheniuk, Rabah Boukherroub, Rostyslav Bilyy, Sabine Szunerits, Fujia Wang, Danylo Halytskiy Lviv National Medical University, Institut de biologie de Lille - IBL (IBLI), Université de Lille, Sciences et Technologies-Institut Pasteur de Lille, Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Réseau International des Instituts Pasteur (RIIP)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille, Droit et Santé, Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie (IEMN) - UMR 8520 ( IEMN ), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du nunérique (ISEN)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France ( UPHF ) -Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), European Project : 690836,H2020,H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015,PANG ( 2016 ), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), NanoBioInterfaces - IEMN (NBI - IEMN), Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Centrale Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF), European Project: 690836,H2020,H2020-MSCA-RISE-2015,PANG(2016), Ecole Centrale de Lille-Institut supérieur de l'électronique et du numérique (ISEN)-Université de Valenciennes et du Hainaut-Cambrésis (UVHC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Laboratoire International associé sur les phénomènes Critiques et Supercritiques en électronique fonctionnelle, acoustique et fluidique (LIA LICS/LEMAC), and Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Ecole Centrale de Lille-Université de Lille-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)
Subjects: medicine.medical_treatment, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Nanowire, Nanotechnology, [CHIM.THER]Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, [ CHIM ] Chemical Sciences, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Immune system, Antigen, medicine, [ SDV.IMM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, General Materials Science, Aluminum oxide, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Chemistry, Alum, Mechanical Engineering, [ CHIM.THER ] Chemical Sciences/Medicinal Chemistry, Neutrophil extracellular traps, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 3. Good health, 0104 chemical sciences, Mechanics of Materials, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [ SDV.IMM.VAC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Vaccinology, [SDV.IMM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology, [SDV.IMM.VAC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Immunology/Vaccinology, 0210 nano-technology, Adjuvant
Abstract: Improving efficiency of an adjuvant, material that enhances the body’s immune response to an antigen, has become vital for the development of safer, cheaper, and more effective next-generation vaccines. Commercial vaccines typically use aluminum salt-based adjuvant particles, most commonly aluminum oxyhydroxide (AlOOH) and aluminum hydroxide (Al(OH)3) based, often referred to as “alum”. Despite their broad use, their adjuvant properties are rather moderate. This is even worse in the case of aluminum oxide (Al2O3)-based adjuvant. While being more robust and less cytotoxic, Al2O3 is a significantly less effective adjuvant than above-mentioned Al compounds and is consequently not commonly used. Here, we report on the remarkably enhanced adjuvant properties of Al2O3 when produced in the form of nanowires (NWs). Based on recent advances in understanding neutrophil activation by inert nanoscaffolds, we have created ultra-long Al2O3 NWs with a high aspect ratio of ∼1000. These NWs showed strong humoral immune response with no damaging effect on the microvasculature. Since only the change of shape of Al adjuvants is responsible for the excellent adjuvant properties, our finding holds great promise for rapid implementation as safer and more effective adjuvant alternative for human vaccines. The mechanism behind human blood-derived neutrophil activation with Al2O3 NWs was found to be sequestering of Al2O3 NWs by neutrophils via formation of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs).
Published: 2019
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14. Detrimental impact of silica nanoparticles on the nanomechanical properties of Escherichia coli , studied by AFM

Author: Hugo Février, Axel Martin, Touria Cohen-Bouhacina, Fabien Moroté, Marion Mathelié-Guinlet, Christine Grauby-Heywang, Laure Béven, Marie-Hélène Delville, Alexandre Vilquin, Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine (LOMA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bordeaux (UB), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biologie du fruit et pathologie (BFP), Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1, The authors thank the Région Aquitaine and CNRS (France) for supporting this work through the equipment of the NanoSpectroImagerie (NSI-LOMA) platform used in this work (CPER COLA2). They are grateful to the Direction Générale de l’Armement (DGA, Ministère de la Défense, France), the Région Aquitaine (France) and LOMA for their financial support through the Ph.D. grant of M. Mathelié-Guinlet. Finally., Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Ondes et Matière d'Aquitaine ( LOMA ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux ( ICMCB ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Biologie du fruit et pathologie ( BFP ), and Université Bordeaux Segalen - Bordeaux 2-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique ( INRA ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1
Subjects: Lysis, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], Nanoparticle, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Cell morphology, Microscopy, Atomic Force, 01 natural sciences, Bacterial surface, Biomaterials, chemistry.chemical_compound, Colloid and Surface Chemistry, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-BIO-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Biological Physics [physics.bio-ph], Escherichia coli, Humans, Escherichia coli Infections, Toxicity, Membrane structure, technology, industry, and agriculture, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Silicon Dioxide, Elasticity, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Anti-Bacterial Agents, Biomechanical Phenomena, Membrane, chemistry, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Biophysics, Nanoparticles, Peptidoglycan, Cell envelope, AFM, 0210 nano-technology, Bacterial outer membrane
Abstract: UMR BFP - Equipe Mollicutes; International audience; Despite great innovative and technological promises, nanoparticles (NPs) can ultimately exert an antibacterial activity by affecting the cell envelope integrity. This envelope, by conferring the cell its rigidity and protection, is intimately related to the mechanical behavior of the bacterial surface. Depending on their size, surface chemistry, shape, NPs can induce damages to the cell morphology and structure among others, and are therefore expected to alter the overall mechanical properties of bacteria. Although Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) stands as a powerful tool to study biological systems, with high resolution and in near physiological environment, it has rarely been applied to investigate at the same time both morphological and mechanical degradations of bacteria upon NPs treatment. Consequently, this study aims at quantifying the impact of the silica NPs (SiO2-NPs) on the mechanical properties of E. coli cells after their exposure, and relating it to their toxic activity under a critical diameter. Cell elasticity was calculated by fitting the force curves with the Hertz model, and was correlated with the morphological study. SiO2-NPs of 100 nm diameter did not trigger any significant change in the Young modulus of E. coli, in agreement with the bacterial intact morphology and membrane structure. On the opposite, the 4 nm diameter SiO2-NPs did induce a significant decrease in E. coli Young modulus, mainly associated with the disorganization of lipopolysaccharides in the outer membrane and the permeation of the underlying peptidoglycan layer. The subsequent toxic behavior of these NPs is finally confirmed by the presence of membrane residues, due to cell lysis, exhibiting typical adhesion features.
Published: 2018
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15. Activation volume and energy of bulk metallic glasses determined by nanoindentation

Author: Baran Sarac, Reinhard Pippan, Verena Maier-Kiener, Yannick Champion, Lisa Krämer, Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés ( SIMaP ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Erich Schmid Institute of Material Sciences, CD-Laboratory for Local Analysis of Deformation and Fracture ( ERICH SCHMID ), Austrian Academy of Sciences ( OeAW ), Erich Schmid Institute of Materials Science (ESI), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP ), and Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: Materials science, High pressure torsion, 02 engineering and technology, Temperature cycling, 01 natural sciences, 0103 physical sciences, lcsh:TA401-492, Activation energy, General Materials Science, Single phase, Composite material, 010302 applied physics, Amorphous metal, Mechanical Engineering, Thermal cycling, Torsion (mechanics), Activation volume, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Nanoindentation, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Amorphous solid, Mechanics of Materials, High pressure, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, lcsh:Materials of engineering and construction. Mechanics of materials, Bulk metallic glasses, 0210 nano-technology, Nanoindentation strain rate jump tests
Abstract: International audience; • Nanoindentation strain rate jump tests of 3 BMGs and 3 BMGCs • Development of new method to determine activation energy and volume of shear transformation zones • Testing temperature strongly influences activation energy and volume • Rejuvenation (by HPT and thermal cycling) does not influence activation energy and volume G R A P H I C A L A B S T R A C T a b s t r a c t Nanoindentation strain-rate jump testing was used to determine activation volumes and energies of various metallic glasses and composites. Three different single phase metallic glasses and three composites (two with amor-phous/crystalline Cu and one with an amorphous/amorphous structure) were investigated. The state of the materials was additionally changed by varying the testing temperature between room temperature and 430 °C, by performing high pressure torsion and by thermal cycling. The results show that testing temperature is the main parameter controlling activation volume and energy, whereas material modifications by high pressure torsion and thermal cycling do not significantly affect them.
Published: 2018
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16. A new standard method to calculate electrochromic switching time

Author: Yolanda Alesanco, Ana Viñuales, Anna M. Ӧsterholm, Aline Rougier, Giljoo Song, Mathias Da Rocha, Sofiane Hassab, D. Eric Shen, Javier Padilla, John R. Reynolds, Department of Applied Physics, Technical University of Cartagena, School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology (Georgia Tech), Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux ( ICMCB ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), CIDETEC, Spanish Ministry of Economy and Competitiveness (MINECO) through project ENE2016–79282-C5-5-R. NxN Licensing Inc. and the Air Force of Scientific Research (FA9550-18-1-0184). University of Bordeaux, Technical University of Cartagena (UPTC), Georgia Institute of Technology [Atlanta], Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Research groups, Bleaching time, Optical contrast, Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment, Computer science, Switching speed, Time constant, Contrast (statistics), 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, Expression (mathematics), 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Switching time, Coloration time, Electrochromism, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Electronic engineering, Electrochromic switching time, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; The switching time is one of the key parameters used to assess the performance of an electrochromic material or device. In spite of its importance, there is currently no standard for how this parameter is defined, and as a result, it is difficult to compare switching time data between different research groups, and to quantify and assess reported improvements. We propose a standard method for reporting electrochromic switching times, based on straightforward experimental fittings resulting in an analytical expression that can directly correlate obtainable optical contrast values with their corresponding switching times. This analytical expression makes it possible to unambiguously define the performance of an electrochromic material or device using two parameters: a full-switch contrast and a time constant.
Published: 2018
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17. Aluminum nitride thin films deposited by hydrogen plasma enhanced and thermal atomic layer deposition

Author: Carmen Jiménez, Liang Tian, Michel Pons, S. Ponton, Fabien Volpi, M. Benz, Roman Reboud, Elisabeth Blanquet, Christophe Vallée, Gael Giusti, Alexandre Crisci, Laetitia Rapenne, Arnaud Mantoux, Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), SIL’TRONIX-ST, Archamps, France, Laboratoire des matériaux et du génie physique (LMGP ), Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des technologies de la microélectronique (LTM ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés ( SIMaP ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Laboratoire des matériaux et du génie physique ( LMGP ), Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ), Laboratoire des Technologies de la Microélectronique ( LTM ), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA )
Subjects: Materials science, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Nitride, 01 natural sciences, Atomic layer deposition, chemistry.chemical_compound, Aluminium, 0103 physical sciences, Materials Chemistry, Silicon carbide, C/AL, Thin film, Deposition (law), ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, computer.programming_language, 010302 applied physics, Surfaces and Interfaces, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, chemistry, Chemical engineering, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, computer, Carbon
Abstract: Plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PE-ALD) of aluminum nitride (AlN) thin films often utilizes NH3 or a mixture of N2 and H2 as a plasma source. However, the possibility of separating the activation step from the nitridation step by using H2 alone as the plasma source has never been explored. In this paper, we study the deposition of AlN by PE-ALD by using trimethylaluminum, H2 plasma and NH3 for deposition temperatures below 400 °C. The self-limiting ALD growth was achieved between 325 °C and 350 °C. As a comparison, AlN was also deposited by thermal ALD (T-ALD), where surface reactions between TMA and NH3 occurred with reasonable growth rates only at temperatures above 400 °C. The PE-ALD films showed low oxygen (1.5 at.%) and carbon contaminations (1 at.%). The T-ALD films contained carbon (5 at.%) mainly attributed to the presence of C Al bonds that was insignificant in PE-ALD films. The flow rate of H2 used in H2 plasma was found to have a significant impact on the preferred orientation of AlN films, where higher H2 flow rate promoted the (002) preferred orientation. Besides, the electrical resistivities were probed to be 108 Ω cm, as expected in an insulating material. As an example, AlN was used to infiltrate porous sintered silicon carbide (SiC). Both AlN deposited by PE-ALD and by T-ALD operating with exposure mode deposited at 400 °C were attempted. Even though, there is a greater risk for TMA precursor to decompose at 400 °C, infiltration of AlN was more successful by T-ALD operating with exposure mode.
Published: 2018
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18. Surfactant-polysaccharide complexes based on quaternized chitosan. Characterization and application to emulsion stability

Author: Jacques Desbrières, Sérgio P. Campana-Filho, Tonimar D. A. Senra, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux ( IPREM ), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour ( UPPA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), and Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Polymers and Plastics, Sodium, General Physics and Astronomy, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, Emulsion stability, 010402 general chemistry, Polysaccharide, Quaternized chitosan, 01 natural sciences, Chitosan, Surface tension, chemistry.chemical_compound, Pulmonary surfactant, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Materials Chemistry, Conductimetry, Surfactant-polysaccharide interactions, chemistry.chemical_classification, Interfacial properties, Organic Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Polyelectrolyte, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [ CHIM.POLY ] Chemical Sciences/Polymers, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Critical micelle concentration, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Emulsion, [ CHIM.THEO ] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [ CHIM.ANAL ] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, CONDUTOMETRIA
Abstract: International audience; The interactions between a polyelectrolyte and an oppositely charged surfactant allows obtaining complexes with specific properties. Such complexes between a quaternized chitosan, obtained from the reaction between chitosan and quaternary ammonium epoxides, and sodium 1-decanesulfonate were studied. Physico-chemical characteristics were obtained from conductimetric experiments as well as surface tension studies. A strong associative electrostatic interaction between the polysaccharide and the surfactant was shown from conductimetric experiments and a degree of association equal to 0.74 was determined. The complex presents better interfacial properties than surfactant and polysaccharide alone. The critical aggregation concentration is much smaller than the critical micellar concentration of the surfactant alone in solution. Moreover the viscoelastic moduli of the interfacial layer was increased in presence of the complex by comparing with surfactant alone. All these considerations allow using the surfactant-polysaccharide complex as a better emulsion stabilizer than either surfactant or polysaccharide alone.
Published: 2018
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19. Short Wave Infrared Devices Based on HgTe Nanocrystals with Air Stable Performances

Author: Amardeep Jagtap, Nicolas Goubet, Audrey Chu, Junling Qu, Charlie Gréboval, Nadine Witkowski, Sandrine Ithurria, Benoit Dubertret, Mathieu G. Silly, Bertille Martinez, Erwan Dandeu, Clément Livache, Fabrice Mathevet, Loïc Becerra, Emmanuel Lhuillier, Physico-chimie et dynamique des surfaces ( INSP-E6 ), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris ( INSP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux ( LPEM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -ESPCI ParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Chimie des polymères ( LCP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire ( IPCM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Synchrotron SOLEIL ( SSOLEIL ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), matisse, ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02/10-LABX-0067,MATISSE,MATerials, InterfaceS, Surfaces, Environment ( 2011 ), European Project : 756225,blackQD, Physico-chimie et dynamique des surfaces (INSP-E6), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux (UMR 8213) (LPEM), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Chimie des polymères (LCP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut Parisien de Chimie Moléculaire (IPCM), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), European Project: 756225,blackQD, and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Infrared, Annealing (metallurgy), 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, HgTe, law.invention, nanocrystal, law, Short wave infrared, photodiode, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], [PHYS]Physics [physics], [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], business.industry, Photoconductivity, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Photodiode, Ambient air, General Energy, photodetction, Nanocrystal, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, infrared, Optoelectronics, 0210 nano-technology, business, [ PHYS.COND ] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Dark current
Abstract: International audience; Colloidal quantum dots (CQDs) are candidates of interest for the design of low cost IR detector especially in the short wave infrared (SWIR; 0.8-3 µm), where the vicinity of the visible range makes the high cost of available technologies even more striking. HgTe nanocrystals are among the most promising candidates to address SWIR since their spectrum can be tuned all over this range while demonstrating photoconductive properties. However, several main issues have been kept under the rug, which prevents further development of active materials and devices. Here we address two central questions, which are (i) the stability of the device under ambient air condition and (ii) the reduction of dark current. Encapsulation of HgTe CQDs is difficult because of their extreme sensitivity to annealing, we nevertheless demonstrate an efficient encapsulation method based on a combination of O2 and H2O repellant layers leading to stability over >100 days. Finally, we demonstrate that the dark current reduction can be obtained by switching from a photoconductive geometry to a photovoltaic (PV) device, which is fabricated using solution and low temperature based approach. We demonstrate fast photoresponse (>10 kHz) and detectivity enhancement by 1 order of magnitude in the PV configuration at room temperature. These results pave the way for narrow bandgap CQD based cost-effective optoelectronic devices in developing next generation SWIR photonic systems.
Published: 2018
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20. Phase transitions, optical and electronic properties of the layered perovskite hybrid [NH3(CH2)2COOH]2CdCl4 of Y-aminobutyric acid (GABA)

Author: Mohammed H. Geesi, Abdellah Kaiba, Mohammed B. Alshammari, Talal A. Aljohani, Philippe Guionneau, Yassine Riadi, Department of Chemistry, Prince Sattam bin Abdulaziz University, Department of Physics, Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux (ICMCB), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), King Abdulaziz City for Science and Technology [Riyadh], College of Pharmacy, the Deanship of Scientific Research at Prince Sattam Bin Abdul Aziz University under the research project 2017/01/8053., Institut de Chimie de la Matière Condensée de Bordeaux ( ICMCB ), and Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Institut Polytechnique de Bordeaux-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Phase transition, Materials science, Band gap, Crystal structure, General Physics and Astronomy, 02 engineering and technology, Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, DFT, 0104 chemical sciences, X-ray diffraction, Crystal, Crystallography, Phase (matter), [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, X-ray crystallography, Density functional theory, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, Perovskite (structure)
Abstract: International audience; A new organic-inorganic hybrid with the formula (NH3C3H6CO2H)2CdCl4 has been crystallized and investigated by X-ray diffraction. Structural investigations highlight a first-order reversible structural phase transition occurring within the range (290–370 K) between a chiral (phase II) and non-centrosymmetric (Phase I) crystal packing. This strong structural reorganization is the result of conformational changes in the organic chains accompanied by a decrease in octahedral distortion. The accurate crystallographic analysis illustrates the crucial role of organic moieties. The experimental energy gap value (3.65 eV) is in good agreement with the theoretical value obtained by density functional theory.
Published: 2018
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21. The characterization of the VN x H y defects in diamond through the infrared vibrational spectrum. A quantum mechanical investigation

Author: Alessandro Erba, Roberto Dovesi, Francesco Silvio Gentile, Philippe Carbonniere, Khaled E. El-Kelany, Simone Salustro, Dipartimento di chimica (IFM), Università degli studi di Torino (UNITO), Dipartimento di Chimica IFM and NIS, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Università degli studi di Torino ( UNITO ), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux ( IPREM ), and Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour ( UPPA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Materials science, Infrared spectroscopy, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Molecular physics, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Vacancy defect, General Materials Science, Triplet state, Basis set, Anharmonicity, Chemistry (all), Dangling bond, Diamond, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Blueshift, [ CHIM.POLY ] Chemical Sciences/Polymers, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [ CHIM.THEO ] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, engineering, [ CHIM.ANAL ] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: The six possible VNxHy defects in diamond (a vacancy surrounded by x = 1 to 3 a vacancy surrounded by x = 1 to 3 nitrogens and y = 1 to 4-x hydrogens) are investigated at the quantum mechanical level by using the periodic supercell approach (64 atoms), an all electron Gaussian-type basis set, and hybrid functionals. It turns out that steric hindrance and short range repulsion is not such to prevent hydrogen atoms (up to 3 in VNH3) from fitting in the V cavity and saturating the dangling bonds of the carbon atoms first neighbors of the vacancy. All the investigated systems present specific IR spectra, with bending and stretching peaks above the nearly continuous band (from 400 to about 1340 cm−1) resulting from the perturbation of the perfect diamond spectrum by the vacancy and the nitrogen substitutions. These peaks, ranging from 1340 to 1700 cm−1 (bending; data refer to the harmonic approximation) and from 3100 to nearly 4000 cm−1 (stretching), might be considered fingerprints of the various defects. The C–H anharmonicity, evaluated numerically, turns out to be very sensitive to the N and H load, ranging from −202 cm−1 (redshift of the triplet state of VNH) to +57 cm−1 (blueshift of the symmetric stretching in VNH3).
Published: 2018
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22. Hierarchically organized honeycomb films through block copolymer directed self-assembly in 'breath figure' templating and soft microwave-triggered annealing

Author: Laurent Billon, Pierre Marcasuzaa, Laurence Pessoni, Sirikorn Chasvised, Stéphanie Reynaud, Nicolas Benoot, Antoine Bousquet, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux ( IPREM ), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour ( UPPA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), and Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, Annealing (metallurgy), 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Ellipsometry, Copolymer, Wafer, Composite material, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, General Chemistry, Microporous material, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [ CHIM.POLY ] Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Honeycomb structure, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [ CHIM.THEO ] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [ CHIM.ANAL ] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, Microwave
Abstract: International audience; Hierarchically organized polymer films are produced with a high level of order from the combination of block copolymer nanophase segregation, “breath figure” methodology and microwave irradiation. A block copolymer based on poly(methyl methacrylate) and poly(n-butylacrylate) featuring cylindrical nanopatterns is involved in the “breath figure” process to create a microporous honeycomb structure. These films are submitted to microwave annealing to enhance the degree of ordering of the nano-segregation without the destruction of the honeycomb microstructure, which is not possible by classical thermal or solvent annealing. Ellipsometry, optical and atomic force microscopy are used to study three key parameters; the substrate nature, the film thickness and the microwave irradiation power. The silicon wafer is the substrate of choice to efficiently act as the heating transfer element and 60 seconds at 10 watts are enough to nicely order the 1 μm thick copolymer films. These conditions are eventually applied on hierarchically organized polymer films to obtain a hexagonal array of 100 nm deep holes within a matrix of perpendicularly aligned nano-cylinders.
Published: 2018
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23. Nanostructured gold films exhibiting almost complete absorption of light at visible wavelengths

Author: Serge Ravaine, Hanbin Zheng, Christine Picard, Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal (CRPP), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Recherche Paul Pascal ( CRPP ), and Université de Bordeaux ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, General Chemical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, Surface finish, 01 natural sciences, 7. Clean energy, 010305 fluids & plasmas, Coating, Electrodeposition, 0103 physical sciences, Specular reflection, Texture (crystalline), Light absorption, Anodizing, business.industry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, Ray, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Optoelectronics, Gold, Anodization, 0210 nano-technology, business, Visible spectrum, Nanostructuration
Abstract: Nanostructured metal surfaces have been known to exhibit properties that deviate from that of the bulk material. By simply modifying the texture of a metal surface, various unique optical properties can be observed. In this paper, we present a simple two step electrochemical process combining electrodeposition and anodization to generate black gold surfaces. This process is simple, versatile and up-scalable for the production of large surfaces. The black gold films have remarkable optical behavior as they absorb more than 93% of incident light over the entire visible spectrum and also exhibit no specular reflectance. A careful analysis by scanning electron microscopy reveals that these unique optical properties are due to their randomly rough surface, as they consist in a forest of dendritic microstructures with a nanoscale roughness. This new type of black films can be fabricated to a large variety of substrates, turning them to super absorbers with potential applications in photovoltaic solar cells or highly sensitive detectors and so on.
Published: 2018
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24. PLASMIANTE: A plasma filter for the detection of airborne asbestos

Author: Duée , Cédric, Hénault , Marie, Lecas , Thomas, Boufendi , Laifa, Bourrat , Xavier, Haas , Hubert, Pillière , Henry, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) ( BRGM ), Groupe de recherches sur l'énergétique des milieux ionisés ( GREMI ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université d'Orléans ( UO ), INEL - Thermo Fisher Scientific, Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières (BRGM) (BRGM), Groupe de recherches sur l'énergétique des milieux ionisés (GREMI), Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), and Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc.
Subjects: [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [ PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-PLASM-PH ] Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Plasma Physics [physics.plasm-ph], [ SDU.STU.MI ] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy, [SDU.STU.MI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Mineralogy
Abstract: International audience; Even if forbidden in french constructions since 1997, asbestos remains present in most of the buildings constructed before this date. Thus, in the case of degradations, asbestos fibers can be emitted in air. The smaller the asbestos particles, the longer they stay in suspension in air, increasing the risk of inhalation. The current determination of asbestos presence in air in France follows a long and cumbersome normative protocol (NF X 43-050), with an analysis carried out on a Transmission Electron Microscope at laboratory after air filtration on-site. Such a protocol is therefore accompanied by numerous error factors. PLASMIANTE aims to develop a direct and global on-line analysis method to detect, identify and characterise in real time asbestos fibers potentially present in the air. To this end, particles will be trapped in a low pressure plasma and analyzed with several metrological methods such as multi angle laser light scattering, the effect of the particles on the electrical characteristics of the plasma and the discharge, Infra-Red spectroscopy and Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS). This contribution presents the aim of the project along with the first results and the challenges we will face.
Published: 2018

25. Wavefunction engineering in HgSe/HgTe colloidal heterostructures to enhance mid infrared photoconductive properties

Author: Nicolas Goubet, Sébastien Royer, Sandrine Ithurria, Bertille Martinez, Hervé Cruguel, Xiang Zhen Xu, Emmanuel Lhuillier, Clément Livache, Mathieu G. Silly, Gilles Patriarche, Benoit Dubertret, Abdelkarim Ouerghi, Physico-chimie et dynamique des surfaces (INSP-E6), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris (INSP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux (UMR 8213) (LPEM), Ecole Superieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles de la Ville de Paris (ESPCI Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Marcoussis] (C2N), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Synchrotron SOLEIL (SSOLEIL), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-11-IDEX-0004,SUPER,Sorbonne Universités à Paris pour l'Enseignement et la Recherche(2011), ANR-15-CE24-0016,H2DH,Hétérostructures bi-dimendionnelles hybrides pour l'optoélectronique(2015), ANR-15-CE09-0014,NanoDoSe,Dopage de Nanocristaux Semiconducteurs par chimie douce(2015), European Project: 756225,blackQD, Physico-chimie et dynamique des surfaces ( INSP-E6 ), Institut des Nanosciences de Paris ( INSP ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Laboratoire de Physique et d'Etude des Matériaux ( LPEM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -ESPCI ParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies [Marcoussis] ( C2N ), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 ( UP11 ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Synchrotron SOLEIL ( SSOLEIL ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ANR-11-IDEX-0004-02/10-LABX-0067,MATISSE,MATerials, InterfaceS, Surfaces, Environment ( 2011 ), ANR : H2DH, ANR : nanodose, European Project : 756225,blackQD, and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)
Subjects: Materials science, nanpocrystal, Infrared spectroscopy, Bioengineering, intraband transition, 02 engineering and technology, Photodetection, 010402 general chemistry, intraband, 7. Clean energy, 01 natural sciences, Condensed Matter::Materials Science, HgSe/HgTe heterostructures, Condensed Matter::Superconductivity, General Materials Science, heterostrcture, [PHYS.COND]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat], Wave function, narrow band gap nanocrystals, [PHYS]Physics [physics], [ PHYS ] Physics [physics], business.industry, Mechanical Engineering, Photoconductivity, Doping, Heterojunction, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, Thermal conduction, Condensed Matter::Mesoscopic Systems and Quantum Hall Effect, mid infrared, 0104 chemical sciences, Wavelength, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, infrared, Optoelectronics, Condensed Matter::Strongly Correlated Electrons, 0210 nano-technology, business, [ PHYS.COND ] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]
Abstract: The use of intraband transition is an interesting alternative path for the design of optically active complex colloidal materials in the mid-infrared range. However, so far, the performance obtained for photodetection based on intraband transition remains much smaller than the one relying on interband transition in narrow-band-gap materials operating at the same wavelength. New strategies have to be developed to make intraband materials more effective. Here, we propose growing a heterostructure of HgSe/HgTe as a means of achieving enhanced intraband-based photoconduction. We first tackle the synthetic challenge of growing a heterostructure on soft (Hg-based) material. The electronic spectrum of the grown heterostructure is then investigated using a combination of numerical simulation, infrared spectroscopy, transport measurement, and photoemission. We report a type-II band alignment with reduced doping compared with a core-only object and boosted hole conduction. Finally, we probe the photoconductive properties of the heterostructure while resonantly exciting the intraband transition by using a high-power-density quantum cascade laser. Compared to the previous generation of material based on core-only HgSe, the heterostructures have a lower dark current, stronger temperature dependence, faster photoresponse (with a time response below 50 μs), and detectivity increased by a factor of 30.
Published: 2018
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26. Superconducting cryo-magnets processed by Spark Plasma Sintering and Texturing

Author: J. Noudem, L. Dupont, P. Bernstein, R. Retoux, G. Chevallier, C. Estournès, K. Berger, M. Higuchi, M. Muralidhar, M. Murakami, Laboratoire de cristallographie et sciences des matériaux ( CRISMAT ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen ( ENSICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ) -Normandie Université ( NU ) -Université de Caen Normandie ( UNICAEN ), Normandie Université ( NU ), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux ( CIRIMAT ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Groupe de Recherche en Energie Electrique de Nancy ( GREEN ), Université de Lorraine ( UL ), Superconducting Materials Laboratory, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Ecole Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen - ENSICAEN (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Shibaura Institute of Technology - SIT (JAPAN), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), Université de Caen Basse-Normandie (FRANCE), Cao, Giacomo, Estournès, Claude, Orrù, Roberto, Laboratoire de cristallographie et sciences des matériaux (CRISMAT), École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Groupe de Recherche en Energie Electrique de Nancy (GREEN), Université de Lorraine (UL), Giacomo Cao, Claude Estournes, Javier Garay, Roberto Orru, Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-École Nationale Supérieure d'Ingénieurs de Caen (ENSICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche sur les Matériaux Avancés (IRMA), Normandie Université (NU)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Institut national des sciences appliquées Rouen Normandie (INSA Rouen Normandie), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Rouen Normandie (UNIROUEN), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Normandie Université (NU)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
Subjects: Materials science, Matériaux, MgB2, Bi2212, [ PHYS.COND.CM-MS ] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], Spark plasma sintering, Levitation force, superconducting cryo-magnets, 02 engineering and technology, Superconductor material, 01 natural sciences, Texturing, chemistry.chemical_compound, Spark Plasma Texturing (SPT), Trapped field, Tungsten carbide, 0103 physical sciences, [ PHYS.COND.CM-S ] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], Magnesium diboride, Lamellar structure, Ceramic, Composite material, 010306 general physics, Spark Plasma Sintering, Superconductivity, SPS in air, Cryo-magnets, [SPI.NRJ]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electric power, Cryo-magnet, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Spark plasma sintering (SPS), 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Microstructure, Critical current density, Amorphous solid, [PHYS.COND.CM-S]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Superconductivity [cond-mat.supr-con], [SPI.ELEC]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Electromagnetism, chemistry, visual_art, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Spark plasma texturing (SPT), visual_art.visual_art_medium, [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; In this paper, two main superconducting compounds have been studied: • The first study was focused on the preparation of magnesium diboride (MgB2) cryo-magnets by Spark Plasma Sintering (SPS). The role of the starting powder on the superconducting properties of MgB2 is investigated. Different sets of bulk MgB2 material were processed from: (i) a commercial available powder, (ii) a mixture of Mg metal and amorphous B using a single-step solid-state reaction process and (iii) a mixture of amorphous boron coated with carbon and Mg metal. The samples were prepared in tungsten carbide moulds varying the processing conditions by the modulation of the temperature, the dwell time and the applied pressure. The microstructures of the samples were investigated by SEM and TEM and correlated to their superconducting properties. The best sample was prepared at 850°C, 20 min and 100 MPa. At 20 K its critical current density (Jc) was 500 kA/cm2. Here in, we demonstrate that MgB2 is an excellent candidate to make cryo-magnets, maintaining 3.9 T at 20 K at the surface of a 20 mm diameter disk.• The SPS was modified with the aim of obtaining textured lamellar compounds with Bi2Ca2Sr2CuO8 superconductor ceramics. The new process is referred to as “Spark Plasma Texturing” (SPT). During SPT, the bulk material can freely deform itself. As a result, the formation of an inter-grain preferential crystallographic orientation is favoured. The superconducting properties were measured and discussed in correlation with textured microstructure analysis.
Published: 2018
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27. Reversible assembly of a drug peptide into amyloid fibrils: a dynamic circular dichroism study

Author: Frank Wien, Frédéric Gobeaux, Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire sur l'Organisation Nanométrique et Supramoléculaire ( LIONS ), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) ( NIMBE UMR 3685 ), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Synchrotron SOLEIL, ESRF ID2 Beamline (proposal SC-4163), Soleil Synchrotron, DISCO BEamline (proposal 20150680), NSF Award ANR-10-LABX-0039PALM, ANR-10-LABX-0039-PALM,LabEx PALM,Laboratoire d’Excellence Physics Atoms Light Mater, European Project : 654000,H2020,H2020-INFRADEV-1-2014-1,SINE2020 ( 2015 ), Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire sur l'Organisation Nanométrique et Supramoléculaire (LIONS), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANR-10-LABX-0039,PALM,Physics: Atoms, Light, Matter(2010), European Project: 654000,H2020,H2020-INFRADEV-1-2014-1,SINE2020(2015), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Circular dichroism, Amyloid, mechanism, Peptide, 010402 general chemistry, Fibril, 01 natural sciences, Fluorescence spectroscopy, Protein Structure, Secondary, 03 medical and health sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Protein structure, Vasotocin, Electrochemistry, General Materials Science, structure, Spectroscopy, chemistry.chemical_classification, Amyloid beta-Peptides, Chemistry, Circular Dichroism, amyloid, Surfaces and Interfaces, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Fluorescence, Peptide Fragments, peptide, 0104 chemical sciences, 030104 developmental biology, Monomer, Spectrometry, Fluorescence, kinetics, circular dichroism 2, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Biophysics
Abstract: International audience; The common view on the amyloid fibril formation is that it is a multistep process that involves many oligomeric intermediate species, which leads to a high degree of polymorphism. This view derives from numerous kinetic studies whose vast majority was carried out with amyloid β fragments or other pathological amyloidogenic sequences. Yet, it is not clear whether the mechanisms inferred from these studies are universal and also apply to functional amyloids, in particular to peptide hormones which form reversible amyloid structures. In the present work, we study the self-assembly properties of Atosiban, a nonapeptide drug whose sequence is very close to those of the oxytocin and vasopressin hormones. We show that this very soluble peptide consistently self-assembles into 7-nm wide amyloid fibrils above a critical aggregation concentration (2-10%w/w depending on the buffer conditions). The peptide system is characterized in details, from the monomeric to the assembled form, with osmotic concentration measurements, transmission electron microscopy, small angle x-ray scattering, infrared and fluorescence spectroscopy, and circular dichroism. We have followed in-situ the fibrils assembly with fluorescence and synchrotron radiation circular dichroism and noticed that the peptide undergoes conformational changes during the process. However, all evidences point towards the association of monomers and dimers into fibrils without passing through oligomeric intermediate species contrary to what is usually reported for pathogenic amyloids. The native β-hairpin conformation of the monomer could explain the straightforward assembly. The tyrosine stacking is also shown to play an important role. We propose a preliminary packing model that accounts for the experimental observations.
Published: 2018
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28. Fondement des Sciences 2017-2018

Author: Carpentier , Chloé, Garçon , Chloé, Guyot , Claire, Pons , Mathilde, Simon , Léa, Tabourot , Aurélie, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique (ENSCBP), Bordeaux INP, and Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie, de Biologie et de Physique
Subjects: [SHS.HISPHILSO]Humanities and Social Sciences/History, Philosophy and Sociology of Sciences, [ CHIM.POLY ] Chemical Sciences/Polymers, Mouillage, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Prix Nobel de physique, Colloïdes, Supraconducteurs, [ PHYS.COND.CM-SCM ] Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft], Cristaux Liquides, [PHYS.COND.CM-SCM]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Soft Condensed Matter [cond-mat.soft], Polymères, Matière Molle
Abstract: Rapport de projet Fondement des Sciences; Qui est Pierre-Gilles de Gennes ? Pour quelles raison est-il surnommé le « Newton du XXème siècle » ? D’où vient son goût pour l’éclectisme scientifique, qui l’a conduit des supraconducteurs à la neuroscience en passant par les cristaux liquides, les polymères, la physique des gouttes et l’adhésion ? Qui est ce personnage iconoclaste toujours volontaire pour rencontrer des lycéens, des industriels ou encore des médias ?« Le vrai point d'honneur n'est pas d'être toujours dans le vrai. Il est d'oser, de proposer des idées neuves, et ensuite de les vérifier. » Telle est la philosophie de Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, une philosophie qu’il suivra tout au long de sa vie et qui le mènera à faire d’incroyables découvertes, révolutionnaires pour la communauté scientifique.Dans ce dossier, nous allons dépeindre, dans un premier temps, la vie de Pierre-Gilles de Gennes, pour ensuite parler de ses nombreux travaux scientifiques. Pour terminer, nous nous pencherons sur sa passion pour l’expérience et ses liens avec l’industrie et l’enseignement.
Published: 2018

29. Simple Synthetic Molecular Hydrogels from Self- Assembling Alkylgalactonamides as Scaffold for 3D Neuronal Cell Growth

Author: Laurence Vaysse, Laurent Malaquin, Sandrine Souleille, Anaïs Chalard, Juliette Fitremann, Isabelle Loubinoux, Pierre Joseph, Barbara Lonetti, Jean-Christophe Sol, Interactions moléculaires et réactivité chimique et photochimique (IMRCP), Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Fédération de Recherche Fluides, Energie, Réacteurs, Matériaux et Transferts (FERMAT), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe Micro-Nanofluidique pour les sciences de la vie et de l’environnement (LAAS-MILE), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT), Toulouse Neuro Imaging Center (ToNIC), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Toulouse Mind & Brain Institut (TMBI), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), IDeAS - Interfaces Dynamiques et Assemblages Stimulables (IDeAS), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Équipe Ingénierie pour les sciences du vivant (LAAS-ELIA), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation (LAAS-I2C), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Toulouse (CHU Toulouse), Stéphanie Bosch and Brice Ronsin (confocal microscopy, plateforme d'imagerie CBI-LITC constitutive de TRI (Toulouse Réseau d'Imagerie)), Bruno Payré, Isabelle Fourquaux, Dominique Goudounèche (TEM and cryo-TEM, Centre de Microscopie Electronique Appliquée à la Biologie, CMEAB), Xavier Dollat (LAAS), Delphine Bordignon (IMRCP), Pierre Roblin (SAXS, Fermat Federation, Toulouse), The French National Research Agency (ANR Neuraxe) is greatly acknowledged for A.C grant financial and financial support. The European Union is acknowledged for its financial support for equipment (FEDER-35477: 'Nano-objets pour la biotechnologie')., ANR-15-CE07-0007,NEURAXE,Gels supramoléculaires orientés pour le guidage de cellules souches neurales(2015), Interactions moléculaires et réactivité chimique et photochimique ( IMRCP ), Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Équipe Micro-Nanofluidique pour les sciences de la vie et de l’environnement ( LAAS-MILE ), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes [Toulouse] ( LAAS ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Toulouse Neuro Imaging Center ( ToNIC ), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Hôpital Purpan - Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) de Toulouse-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier, Équipe Ingénierie pour les sciences du vivant ( LAAS-ELIA ), Service Instrumentation Conception Caractérisation ( LAAS-I2C ), CHU Toulouse [Toulouse], ANR-15-CE07-0007,Neuraxe,Oriented supramolecular gels as a guide for neural stem cells, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital Purpan [Toulouse], and CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]
Subjects: Scaffold, Materials science, Neurogenesis, Cell Culture Techniques, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, adult human neural stem cells, 3D cell culture, supramolecular gel, Confocal microscopy, law, [ CHIM.OTHE ] Chemical Sciences/Other, Neurites, Humans, General Materials Science, Neurons, Tissue Scaffolds, Cell growth, biomaterial, Cell Differentiation, Hydrogels, self-assembly, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, neuron, 0104 chemical sciences, LMWG, Cell culture, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Neural tissue regeneration, Self-healing hydrogels, Biophysics, Stem cell, 0210 nano-technology, [CHIM.OTHE]Chemical Sciences/Other, hNSC
Abstract: This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, copyright ©American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsami.8b01365.; International audience; In this work, we demonstrated that the hydrogel obtained from a very simple and single synthetic molecule, N-heptyl-galactonamide was a suitable scaffold for the growth of neuronal cells in 3D. We evidenced by confocal microscopy the presence of the cells into the gel up to a depth of around 200 µm, demonstrating that the latter was permissive to cell growth and enabled a true 3D colonization and organization. It also supported successfully the differentiation of adult human neuronal stem cells (hNSCs) into both glial and neuronal cells and the development of a really dense neurofilament network. So the gel appears to be a good candidate for neural tissue regeneration. In contrast with other molecular gels described for cell culture, the molecule can be obtained at the gram scale by a one-step reaction. The resulting gel is very soft, a quality in accordance with the aim of growing neuronal cells, that requires low modulus substrates similar to the brain. But because of its fragility, specific procedures had to be implemented for its preparation and for cell labeling and confocal microscopy observations. Notably, the implementation of a controlled slow cooling of the gel solution was needed to get a very soft but nevertheless cohesive gel. In these conditions, very wide straight and long micrometric fibers were formed, held together by a second network of flexible narrower nanometric fibers. The two kinds of fibers guided the neurite and glial cell growth in a different way. We also underlined the importance of a tiny difference in the molecular structure on the gel performances: parent molecules, differing by a one-carbon increment in the alkyl chain length, N-hexyl-galactonamide and N-octyl-galactonamide, were not as good as N-heptyl-galactonamide. Their differences were analysed in terms of gel fibers morphology, mechanical properties, solubility, chain parity and cell growth.
Published: 2018
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30. Biomatériaux à base de collagène pour des applications en santé

Author: Echalier , Cécile, Mehdi , Ahmad, Martinez , Jean, Subra , Gilles, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier ( ICGM ICMMM ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier ( ENSCM ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron [Pôle Chimie Balard] ( IBMM ), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier ( ENSCM ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron [Pôle Chimie Balard] (IBMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Mehdi, Ahmad
Subjects: [CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

31. Morphology of Hydrated Nafion through a Quantitative Cluster Analysis: A Case Study Based on Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulations

Author: Deborah J. Jones, Stephen J. Paddison, Sara Cavaliere, Jacques Rozière, Hongjun Liu, The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), European Project: 306682,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-StG_20111012,SPINAM(2013), Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Tennessee, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier ( ICGM ICMMM ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier ( ENSCM ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), European Project : 306682,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-StG_20111012,SPINAM ( 2013 ), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Materials science, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, Rod, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nafion, Proton transport, Cluster (physics), Physics::Chemical Physics, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Range (particle radiation), Dissipative particle dynamics, Percolation threshold, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 6. Clean water, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, General Energy, chemistry, Chemical physics, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, SPHERES, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: The evolution of the hydrated morphology of Nafion over a range of water contents was quantified through the cluster analysis method. Our findings are in contrast with those solely based on the radial distribution functions (RDFs) where cluster size and separation are approximated by certain characteristics of the RDF. The quantitative cluster analysis along with realistic microscopic images colored by unique IDs leads to a wealth of information on water domain size, shape, and connectivity, which is essential for a mechanistic understanding of proton transport. The percolation threshold of the water domains in hydrated Nafion was found to occur at a hydration level of 5 H2O/SO3H. Below the threshold, isolated individual water clusters cannot contribute to the ion transport. Water clusters grow from small aggregates into larger spheres, elongated rods, and branched and twisted cylinders as the hydration level increases. Beyond the threshold, the percolating water network is conspicuously dominant in the m...
Published: 2018
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32. Privileged incorporation of selenium as selenocysteine in Lactobacillus reuteri proteins demonstrated by selenium-specific imaging and proteomics

Author: Enrica Pessione, Erika Mangiapane, Juliusz Bianga, Eugenio Galano, Angelo Palmese, Ryszard Lobinski, Angela Amoresano, Joanna Szpunar, 'Federico II' University of Naples Medical School, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux ( IPREM ), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour ( UPPA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), E., Galano, E., Mangiapane, J., Bianga, A., Palmese, E., Pessione, J., Szpunar, R., Lobinski, and Amoresano, Angela
Subjects: Limosilactobacillus reuteri, Proteomics, Electrospray, 030309 nutrition & dietetics, chemistry.chemical_element, Mass spectrometry, 01 natural sciences, Biochemistry, Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Chemistry, Selenium, chemistry.chemical_compound, 03 medical and health sciences, 0404 agricultural biotechnology, Bacterial Proteins, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Molecular Biology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 030304 developmental biology, 0303 health sciences, Chromatography, Selenocysteine, biology, Research, 010401 analytical chemistry, Addition and Correction, 04 agricultural and veterinary sciences, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, biology.organism_classification, 040401 food science, Yeast, 0104 chemical sciences, Lactobacillus reuteri, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [ CHIM.POLY ] Chemical Sciences/Polymers, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, chemistry, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [ CHIM.THEO ] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, [ CHIM.ANAL ] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry
Abstract: International audience; An analytical approach was developed to study the incorporation of selenium (Se), an important trace element involved in the protection of cells from oxidative stress, into the well-known probiotic Lactobacillus reuteri Lb2 BM-DSM 16143. The analyses revealed that about half of the internalized Se was covalently incorporated into soluble proteins. Se-enriched proteins were detected in 2D gels by laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry imaging (LA-ICP MSI) and identified by capillary HPLC with the parallel ICP MS (78Se) and electrospray Orbitrap MS/MS detection. On the basis of the identification of 10 richest in selenium proteins, it was demonstrated that selenium was incorporated by the strain exclusively as selenocysteine. Also, the exact location of selenocysteine within the primary sequence was determined. This finding is in a striking contrast to another common nutraceutical, Se-enriched yeast, which incorporates Se principally as selenomethionine. © 2013 by The American Society for Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Inc.
Published: 2018
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33. Insight into the Bonding of Silanols to Oxidized Aluminum Surfaces

Author: Anne Hémeryck, Anton Kokalj, Dominique Costa, Matic Poberžnik, Jozef Stefan Institute [Ljubljana] (IJS), Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical technologyUniversity of Ljubljana, Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris (IRCP), Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Équipe Modélisation Multi-niveaux des Matériaux (LAAS-M3), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes (LAAS), Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Université Toulouse 1 Capitole (UT1), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées, Institut 'Jožef Stefan' [Ljubljana], Institut de Recherche de Chimie Paris ( IRCP ), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris- Chimie ParisTech-PSL ( ENSCP ), Équipe Modélisation Multi-niveaux des Matériaux ( LAAS-M3 ), Laboratoire d'analyse et d'architecture des systèmes [Toulouse] ( LAAS ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Paris - Chimie ParisTech-PSL (ENSCP), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université Toulouse Capitole (UT Capitole), and Université de Toulouse (UT)
Subjects: Exothermic reaction, Dimer, Trimer, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, Photochemistry, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Molecule, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Exergonic reaction, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 0104 chemical sciences, Surfaces, Coatings and Films, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Silanol, General Energy, chemistry, Siloxane, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [ CHIM.THEO ] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Density functional theory, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; In the context of elucidating the mechanism by which siloxane-based sol–gel coatings adhere to the surface, the adsorption of a model silanol molecule, CH3Si(OH)3, and its oligomers (up to the trimer) on oxidized and fully hydroxylated aluminum substrates is described using density functional theory (DFT). To link our calculations with the synthesis of siloxane-based sol–gel coatings, the focus is given on the condensation mechanism. We find that the formation of a monodentate bonding mode with the hydroxylated surface via the condensation mechanism is exothermic by ≥0.5 eV in all considered cases. In contrast, the formation of a bidentate bonding mode is exothermic only for the trimer. However, taking entropic contributions into account, we find that the formation of the bidentate bonding mode is exergonic already for the dimer due to favorable entropic effects of a liberated water molecule during the reaction. In contrast, the reaction entropy is unfavorable for the monodentate formation because the effects of the immobilized silanol molecule counteract and surpass those of the liberated water molecule. The monodentate to bidentate transformation is therefore determined by the interplay between entropy and energy, and we find that the longer the oligomer chain, the more likely is the bidentate formation due to increasingly favorable reaction energies. These results further reveal that for the silanol monomer, additional molecule–surface chemical bonds do not form via the condensation mechanism due to the strained configuration it has to adopt in the bidentate bonding mode.
Published: 2018
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34. Impact of the metal electrode size in half-cells studies: Example of graphite/Li coin cells

Author: Lénaïc Madec, Hervé Martinez, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux ( IPREM ), and Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour ( UPPA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS )
Subjects: Materials science, 020209 energy, IF : 4.396, 02 engineering and technology, Electrochemistry, law.invention, lcsh:Chemistry, Metal, Magazine, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, law, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Graphite electrode, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, XPS, Graphite, Interphase formation, Electrochemical performance, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [ CHIM.POLY ] Chemical Sciences/Polymers, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, lcsh:Industrial electrochemistry, lcsh:QD1-999, Chemical engineering, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, visual_art, [ CHIM.THEO ] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Electrode, visual_art.visual_art_medium, [ CHIM.ANAL ] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Interphase, Science, technology and society, Li metal electrode size, lcsh:TP250-261
Abstract: When half-cells are used to evaluate and understand electrochemical performance and interface properties of a given electrode, the metal electrode size is rarely mentioned. To evaluate such impact on the electrochemical performance and interphase formation, graphite/Li coin cells were used. Undersizing the Li metal electrode led to significantly lower charge/discharge capacities even at C/20 rate due to incomplete lithiation/delithiation processes of the graphite electrode edge. It also led to the formation of non-uniform Li metal deposits as well as to a graphite SEI film with a thickness and composition gradient across the electrode. Oversized Li led, however to homogeneous graphite SEI film. Overall, these results highlight the critical role of the metal electrode size in half-cells and should apply to all half-cells studies using other metal electrodes such as Na, K, Mg. Keywords: Li metal electrode size, Graphite electrode, Electrochemical performance, Interphase formation, XPS
Published: 2018
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35. Distinguishing Cocrystals from Simple Eutectic Mixtures: Phenolic Acids as Potential Pharmaceutical Coformers

Author: Maciej Przybyłek, Piotr Cysewski, University of Sciences and Technology (UTP), Department of Physical Chemistry, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University [Toruń], University of Sciences and Technology ( UTP ), and Nicolaus Copernicus University
Subjects: Quantitative structure–activity relationship, Phenolic acids, Binary number, 02 engineering and technology, 010402 general chemistry, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Cocrystals, Simple (abstract algebra), [ CHIM.ORGA ] Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Linear regression, General Materials Science, pharmaceutical cocrystals, Eutectic system, Mathematics, Training set, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, General Chemistry, Phenolic acid, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, chemistry, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [ CHIM.THEO ] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, cocrystal screening, 0210 nano-technology, Biological system, True positive rate
Abstract: International audience; The multiparameter model comprising 1D and 2D QSPR/QSAR descriptors was proposed and validated for phenolic acid binary systems. This approach is based on the optimization of regression coefficients for maximization of the percentage of true positives in the pool of systems comprising either simple binary eutectics or cocrystals. The training set consisted of 58 eutectics and 168 cocrystals. The solid dispersions collection used for model generation comprised literature data enriched with our new experimental results. From all 1445 descriptors computable in PaDEL, only 13 orthogonal descriptors with the highest predicting power were taken into account. The analysis revealed the importance of the parameters characterizing atom types (naaN, SHsOH, SsssN, nHeteroRing, maxHBint6, C1SP2), autocorrelation functions (ATSC1i, AATSC1v, MATS8m, GATS1i), and also other molecule structure measures (WTPT-5, MLFER_A, MDEN-22). The proposed approach is very simple and requires only information about the structure encoded in canonical SMILES string. The inversion of the problem of cocrystal screening and focusing on the homogeneous group of coformers for cocrystallization with a variety of drugs rather than seeking coformers for a particular active pharmaceutical ingredient proved to be very efficient. This led to very valuable clues for selection of pairs for cocrystallization with a probability of about 80%.
Published: 2018
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36. Chain dynamics of human dermis by Thermostimulated currents: A tool for new markers of aging

Author: Aurélie Villaret, Florence Nadal-Wollbold, Valérie Samouillan, Rong Tang, Marie-Hélène Lacoste-Ferré, Colette Lacabanne, Jany Dandurand, Anne-Marie Schmitt, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux (CIRIMAT), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Laboratoires Pierre Fabre, Centre interuniversitaire de recherche et d'ingenierie des matériaux ( CIRIMAT ), Institut National Polytechnique [Toulouse] ( INP ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - CNRS (FRANCE), Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - Toulouse INP (FRANCE), Laboratoires Pierre Fabre (FRANCE), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier - UT3 (FRANCE), and Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT (FRANCE)
Subjects: Adult, Matériaux, Biopsy, Biochimie, Biologie Moléculaire, Hydration, Human skin, Dermatology, Dielectric, 01 natural sciences, Molecular mobility, 010309 optics, Clinical study, 030207 dermatology & venereal diseases, 03 medical and health sciences, Delocalized electron, Young Adult, 0302 clinical medicine, Age Distribution, Dermis, 0103 physical sciences, medicine, Humans, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, [ SDV.BBM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, Dielectric analyses, Aged, Skin, Dermatologie, Chemistry, Dynamics (mechanics), Relaxation (NMR), Electric Conductivity, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Middle Aged, Intrinsic and extrinsic aging, Skin Aging, medicine.anatomical_structure, Human skin aging, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Biophysics, Sunlight, Thermodynamics, Female, [ SDV.MHEP.DERM ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Dermatology, [SDV.MHEP.DERM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology/Dermatology, Biomarkers
Abstract: International audience; Abstract Background/purpose: The purpose of this clinical study was to identify dielectric markers to complete a previous thermal and vibrational study on the molecular and organizational changes in human dermis during intrinsic and extrinsic aging. Methods: Sun-exposed and non-exposed skin biopsies were collected from 28 women devised in two groups (20-30 and ≥60 years old). The dielectric relaxation modes associated with localized and delocalized dynamics in the fresh and dehydrated state were determined by the Thermostimulated currents technique (TSC). Results: Intrinsic and extrinsic aging induced significant evolution of some of the dielectric parameters of localized and delocalized dynamics of human skin. With photo-aging, freezable water forms a segregated phase in dermis and its dynamics is close to free water, what evidences the major role of extrinsic aging on water organization in human skin. Moreover, TSC indicators highlight the restriction of localized mobility with intrinsic aging due to glycation, and the cumulative effect of chronological aging and photo-exposition on the molecular mobility of the main structural proteins of the dermis at the mesoscopic scale. Conclusion: TSC is a well-suited technique to scan the molecular mobility of human skin. It can be uses as a relevant complement of vibrational and thermal characterization to follow human skin modifications with intrinsic and extrinsic aging.
Published: 2018
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37. A comparative analysis of terrestrial arthropod assemblages from a relict forest unveils historical extinctions and colonization differences between two oceanic islands

Author: Isamberto Silva, Carla Rego, François Rigal, Thomas J. Matthews, Paulo A. V. Borges, Pedro Cardoso, Fernando Pereira, Mário Boieiro, Luis C Crespo, Carlos Aguiar, Artur R. M. Serrano, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux ( IPREM ), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour ( UPPA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Finnish Museum of Natural History, and Zoology
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Topography, Conservation Biology, Biodiversity, DIVERSITY, lcsh:Medicine, Invasive Species, Introduced species, Forests, 01 natural sciences, Beetles, Abundance (ecology), lcsh:Science, Laurel forest, Conservation Science, Islands, Multidisciplinary, Ecology, BEETLES COLEOPTERA, Eukaryota, Spiders, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Terrestrial Environments, SPECIES-ABUNDANCE DISTRIBUTIONS, Coleoptera, Insects, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Geography, 1181 Ecology, evolutionary biology, [ CHIM.THEO ] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, ARCHIPELAGO, NORTH-ATLANTIC OCEAN, Research Article, MASS EXTINCTION, Evolutionary Processes, Arthropoda, Ecological Metrics, Forest Ecology, CONSERVATION, AZORES, 010603 evolutionary biology, Ecosystems, Lauraceae, Species Colonization, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Endemism, Relative species abundance, Species Extinction, Landforms, Evolutionary Biology, Portugal, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:R, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Organisms, Species diversity, Biology and Life Sciences, Geomorphology, Species Diversity, 15. Life on land, BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS, Invertebrates, [ CHIM.POLY ] Chemical Sciences/Polymers, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Earth Sciences, lcsh:Q, [ CHIM.ANAL ] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Species richness, GAMBIN MODEL
Abstract: International audience; During the last few centuries oceanic island biodiversity has been drastically modified by human-mediated activities. These changes have led to the increased homogenization of island biota and to a high number of extinctions lending support to the recognition of oceanic islands as major threatspots worldwide. Here, we investigate the impact of habitat changes on the spider and ground beetle assemblages of the native forests of Madeira (Madeira archipelago) and Terceira (Azores archipelago) and evaluate its effects on the relative contribution of rare endemics and introduced species to island biodiversity patterns. We found that the native laurel forest of Madeira supported higher species richness of spiders and ground beetles compared with Terceira, including a much larger proportion of indigenous species, particularly endemics. In Terceira, introduced species are well-represented in both terrestrial arthropod taxa and seem to thrive in native forests as shown by the analysis of species abundance distributions (SAD) and occupancy frequency distributions (OFD). Low abundance range-restricted species in Terceira are mostly introduced species dispersing from neighbouring man-made habitats while in Madeira a large number of true rare endemic species can still be found in the native laurel forest. Further, our comparative analysis shows striking differences in species richness and composition that are due to the geographical and geological particularities of the two islands, but also seem to reflect the differences in the severity of human-mediated impacts between them. The high proportion of introduced species, the virtual absence of rare native species and the finding that the SADs and OFDs of introduced species match the pattern of native species in Terceira suggest the role of man as an important driver of species diversity in oceanic islands and add evidence for an extensive and severe human-induced species loss in the native forests of Terceira.
Published: 2018
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38. Surface Properties and Chemical Constitution as Crucial Parameters for the Sorption Properties of Ionosilicas: The Case of Chromate Adsorption

Author: Ut Dong Thach, Benedicte Prelot, Peter Hesemann, Stéphane Pellet-Rostaing, Jerzy Zajac, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier ( ICGM ICMMM ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier ( ENSCM ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), ANR : Labex Chemisyst,ANR-10-LABX-05-01, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC), Tri ionique par les Systèmes Moléculaires auto-assemblés (LTSM), Institut de Chimie Séparative de Marcoule (ICSM - UMR 5257), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), ANR-10-LABX-0005,CheMISyst,CHEmistry of Molecular and Interfacial Systems(2010), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Chromate conversion coating, Ion exchange, Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Sorption, 02 engineering and technology, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, 01 natural sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Chromium, Adsorption, Chemical engineering, Mass transfer, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [ CHIM.THEO ] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Cation-exchange capacity, General Materials Science, 0210 nano-technology, Porosity, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: We report ionosilicas with different chemistries, textures, and morphologies and their use as adsorbents for chromium(VI). All studied materials are highly efficient anion exchange materials with adsorption capacities between 1.6 and 2.6 mmol/g. The ion exchange capacity of the materials reaches up to 91% of the theoretical value, that is, the molar amount of ionic groups immobilized within the material, indicating a very high accessibility of the organo-ionic groups. Noticeable differences were found regarding the ion exchange properties in terms of capacity and kinetics according to the used material, in particular, its porosity. High specific surface areas favor the adsorption process and result in high adsorption capacity. However, even a nonporous material displays high adsorption capacity of 1.7 mmol/g. This result can be attributed to the high hydrophilicity of ionosilicas that favors diffusion and mass transfer throughout the material. The adsorption kinetics are fast, as 80–90% of the adsorption ...
Published: 2018
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39. Nanoparticules multimodales à base de lanthanides pour l’imagerie biomédicale et le suivi de cellules mésenchymateuses

Author: Santelli , Julien, Matériaux Multi-fonctionnels et Multi-échelles (CEMES-M3), Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales (CEMES), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT-FR 2599), Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA), CHROMALYS, Région Midi-Pyrénées, UPS Toulouse - Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, Marc Verelst, Robert Mauricot, Matériaux Multi-fonctionnels et Multi-échelles ( CEMES-M3 ), Centre d'élaboration de matériaux et d'études structurales ( CEMES ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse ( INSA Toulouse ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse 3 ( UPS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie de Toulouse (ICT), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National Polytechnique (Toulouse) (Toulouse INP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées - Toulouse (INSA Toulouse), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: nanoparticules d’oxysulfure de lanthanides, [SDV.BIO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, [SDV.IB.IMA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging, imagerie biomédicale multimodale, [ SDV.BIO ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biotechnology, imagerie par résonnance magnétique, computed tomography, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [ SDV.BC.IC ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], lanthanide oxysulfide nanoparticles, tomodensitométrie, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, suivi de cellules mésenchymateuses, [SDV.BC.IC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology/Cell Behavior [q-bio.CB], [SPI.OPTI]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, magnetic resonance imaging, [ SPI.OPTI ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Optics / Photonic, fluorescence, mesenchymal cells tracking, multimodal biomedical imaging, [ SDV.IB.IMA ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Bioengineering/Imaging
Abstract: The objective of these works was to put into practice the use of lanthanide-based multimodal nanoparticles (NPs) for biomedical imaging in general and mesenchymal cells (MSCs) tracking in particular. To that purpose, two types of NPs have been used, both presenting a gadolinium oxysulfide (Gd2O2S) matrix allowing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and computed tomography. The addition of dopant elements brings fluorescence properties: europium (Gd2O2S :Eu3+) is more appropriate for an in vitro examination whereas the combination ytterbium/thulium (Gd2O2S :Yb3+/Tm3+) is more appropriate for an in vivo examination through the up-conversion process.First, we have demonstrated the possibility of visualizing those NPs over-time in a living organism with complementary methods (MRI and fluorescence). The complete study of their biodistribution and ways of elimination allowed us to highlight a hepatobiliary metabolization associated with a slow feces excretion.The labeling of a wide variety of cell types (lines and primary cells from different species) has also pointed out their potential as a universal cell tracer.Thereafter, we focused our research on mesenchymal cells tracking in a cell therapy context. Short, medium and long term biocompatibility was validated via a series of analyses (MTT, neutral red, wound healing and differentiation) and the reliability of the tracer was confirmed by detailed study of the cell labeling.Finally, after developing a custom-made system dedicated to up-conversion imaging in small animals, we were able to perform over-time tracking of those labeled cells after injection in a solid organ. We achieved multimodal imaging of the MSCs with MRI, computed tomography and up-conversion.Altogether, these results underline the potential of these nanoparticles for long term imaging in preclinical and/or clinical studies.; L’objectif de ces travaux a été de mettre en pratique l’utilisation de nanoparticules multimodales (NPs) à base de lanthanides pour l’imagerie biomédicale en général et le suivi de cellules mésenchymateuses (MSCs) en particulier. Dans cette optique, deux types de NPs ont été utilisées, présentant toutes deux une matrice d’oxysulfure de gadolinium (Gd2O2S) permettant l’imagerie par résonnance magnétique (IRM) et la tomodensitométrie. L’ajout d’éléments dopants apporte des propriétés de fluorescence : l’europium (Gd2O2S :Eu3+), plus adapté à un examen in vitro et le couple ytterbium/thulium (Gd2O2S :Yb3+/Tm3+) à un examen in vivo grâce au phénomène de conversion ascendante de photons (up-conversion).Nous avons, dans un premier temps, démontré la possibilité de visualiser ces NPs au cours du temps au sein d’un organisme vivant par des méthodes complémentaires (IRM et fluorescence). L’étude complète de leur distribution et des voies d’élimination nous a permis de mettre en évidence une métabolisation hépatobiliaire associée à une lente excrétion dans les fèces.Le marquage d’un grand nombre de types cellulaires (lignées et cellules primaires d’espèces différentes) a également mis en avant leur potentiel en tant que traceur cellulaire universel. Nous avons par la suite concentré nos travaux sur le suivi de cellules mésenchymateuses dans un contexte de thérapie cellulaire. La biocompatibilité cellulaire à court, moyen et long terme a été validée par une série d’analyses (MTT, rouge neutre, wound healing, différenciation) et la fiabilité du traceur a été confirmée par l’étude approfondie du marquage cellulaire.Enfin, après mise au point d’un système personnalisé dédié à l’imagerie par up-conversion chez le petit animal, nous avons pu réaliser le suivi de ces cellules marquées, au cours du temps après injection dans un organe solide. Nous avons alors été en mesure de visualiser les MSCs par imagerie multimodale : IRM ; tomodensitométrie et fluorescence par up-conversion.L’ensemble de ces résultats met en avant le potentiel de ces nanoparticules pour l’imagerie à long terme dans des études précliniques et/ou cliniques.
Published: 2018

40. Manufacturing and oxidation behaviour of UHTC-based matrix as a protection for C/C composites in space propulsion systems

Author: Liégaut, Caroline, Laboratoire des Composites Thermostructuraux (LCTS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Snecma-SAFRAN group-Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Université de Bordeaux, Francis Rebillat, Laurence Maillé, Laboratoire des Composites Thermostructuraux ( LCTS ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Snecma-SAFRAN group-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), STAR, ABES, and Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Snecma-SAFRAN group-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Infiltration réactive d’un métal fondu RMI, [CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Diborure de zirconium, Launchers, Carbure de zirconium, Silicon carbide, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Zirconium diboride, Slurry cast, Oxidation/corrosion, Céramique ultra réfractaire, Zirconium carbide, Reactive melt infiltration, Imprégnation de poudres APS, CMC, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Tests sous torche oxyacétylénique, Propulsion spatiale, Ultra-high temperature ceramics, Oxydation/corrosion, Carbure de silicium, Composites, Oxyacetylene torch testing
Abstract: Since many decades, Carbon/Carbon composites are used as structural parts in rocket engines due to their excellent thermomechanical properties. However, under highly oxidizing/corrosive atmosphere and high gas flow rates, carbon suffers from severe oxidation. To improve oxidation resistance of these composites, Ultra High Temperature Ceramics (UHTC) can be used as a protection. To protect the whole composite, the introduction of UHTC as a matrix has been done using a liquid phase process combining: (i) slurry infiltration process and (ii) reactive melt infiltration. Matrix constituents belong to the (B;C;Si;Zr) system. Material characterisation allowed a better understanding of the infiltration mechanisms and of the phase distribution and composition in respect to the processing conditions. To select the best composition, oxyacetylene torch testing has been done to recreate spacecraft launch environmental conditions. Post-test characterisation has been done to evaluate protection efficiency of each matrix composition for single use and possible reuse. Finally, advantages and drawbacks assessment of each composition allowed to highlight the most protective composition and phase distribution., Les composites de type Cf/C sont utilisés en tant que pièces structurales dans les propulseurs spatiaux du fait de leurs excellentes propriétés mécaniques dans le domaine des très hautes températures. Néanmoins, l’atmosphère oxydante et corrosive créée lors du décollage des lanceurs et les hauts flux gazeux dégradent ces matériaux. Afin d’améliorer les performances de ces matériaux vis-à-vis de l’oxydation/corrosion, une protection composée de céramiques ultra-réfractaires (dites UHTC) peut être appliquée. Pour une efficacité de protection optimale, des phases UHTC ont été introduites en tant que constituants de la matrice. Dans ces travaux de thèse, la matrice a été réalisée par l’intermédiaire d’un procédé d’élaboration en phase liquide combinant : (i) l’introduction de poudres et (ii) la densification par infiltration réactive d’un métal fondu. La composition de la matrice appartient au système (B;C;Si;Zr). La caractérisation des matériaux après élaboration a permis de comprendre les mécanismes d’infiltration et les réactions permettant de mieux contrôler la composition chimique et la répartition des phases. Des essais sous torche oxyacétylénique ont été utilisés pour se placer dans des conditions proches de l’application visée. La caractérisation post-test des matériaux a permis d’évaluer l’efficacité de la protection dans le cas d’une utilisation unique et également d’une possible réutilisation. Les résultats en oxydation/corrosion ont permis de classer les matériaux en fonction de leur efficacité de protection.
Published: 2018

41. Corrosion at the carbon steel-clay borehole water interface under anoxic alkaline and fluctuating temperature conditions

Author: Marc Labat, Yannick Linard, Michel L. Schlegel, Eddy Foy, Cécile Blanc, Sylvie Daumas, Sophia Necib, Service d'études analytiques et de réactivité des surfaces (SEARS), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement (LAMBE), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Cergy Pontoise (UCP), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs (ANDRA), CFG Servives (CFG Servives), CFG services, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération (LAPA - UMR 3685), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) (NIMBE UMR 3685), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), ANDRA and EDF, Service d'études analytiques et de réactivité des surfaces ( SEARS ), Département de Physico-Chimie ( DPC ), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Laboratoire Analyse et Modélisation pour la Biologie et l'Environnement ( LAMBE - UMR 8587 ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université de Cergy Pontoise ( UCP ), Université Paris-Seine-Université Paris-Seine-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne ( UEVE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Agence Nationale pour la Gestion des Déchets Radioactifs ( ANDRA ), CFG Servives ( CFG Servives ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement ( IRD ), Laboratoire Archéomatériaux et Prévision de l'Altération ( LAPA - UMR 3685 ), Nanosciences et Innovation pour les Matériaux, la Biomédecine et l'Energie (ex SIS2M) ( NIMBE UMR 3685 ), Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay ( IRAMIS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut Rayonnement Matière de Saclay (IRAMIS), and Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: Materials science, Sulfide, Carbon steel, 020209 energy, General Chemical Engineering, 02 engineering and technology, engineering.material, Corrosion, Cathodic protection, Siderite, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nuclear waste repository, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Silicate minerals, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, General Materials Science, Anoxic, chemistry.chemical_classification, Metallurgy, General Chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Anoxic waters, 6. Clean water, Fe-silicate, chemistry, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, engineering, Clay, [ CHIM.ANAL ] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, 0210 nano-technology, Layer (electronics)
Abstract: International audience; Coupons of carbon steel were corroded in situ in anoxic clay porewater under slightly alkaline conditions. Sample damage was less than 1 $\mu$m for 9 months at 85 °C only, and corrosion interfaces were covered by a thin, protective layer of Fe-silicate. The damage was more significant for samples exposed to room temperature transients (up to 38 μm for two years), and the long-term surface differentiated in cathodic (Fe-silicate covered) areas and anodic crevices filled with siderite, chukanovite, $\beta$-Fe$_2$(OH)$_3$Cl, and covered by tubercles. Sulfide compounds were detected, and were related to the metabolism of sulfate-reducing prokaryotes detected by microbiological techniques.
Published: 2018
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42. A high order reduction–correction method for Hopf bifurcation in fluids and for viscoelastic vibration

Author: Jean-Marc Cadou, Faiza Boumediene, Gregory Girault, Yann Guevel, L. Duigou, Michel Potier-Ferry, El Mostafa Daya, Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux de Bretagne (LIMATB), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene [Alger] (USTHB), Ecoles de Saint-Cyr Coëtquidan [Guer], Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures et de Mécanique des Matériaux (LEM3), Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies, HESAM Université (HESAM)-HESAM Université (HESAM), Laboratoire d'Ingénierie des Matériaux de Bretagne ( LIMATB ), Université de Bretagne Sud ( UBS ) -Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques ( IBNM ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ), Université des Sciences et de la Technologie Houari Boumediene [Alger] ( USTHB ), Laboratoire d'Etude des Microstructures et de Mécanique des Matériaux ( LEM3 ), Arts et Métiers ParisTech-Université de Lorraine ( UL ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Université de Bretagne Sud (UBS)-Institut Brestois du Numérique et des Mathématiques (IBNM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Arts et Métiers Sciences et Technologies
Subjects: Computation, Computational Mechanics, Ocean Engineering, 01 natural sciences, Projection (linear algebra), 010305 fluids & plasmas, Reduction (complexity), [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], symbols.namesake, 0103 physical sciences, [ SPI ] Engineering Sciences [physics], Taylor series, Hopf bifurcation, 0101 mathematics, Mathematics, Viscoelastic sandwich structures, Basis (linear algebra), Applied Mathematics, Mechanical Engineering, Numerical analysis, Mathematical analysis, Tangent, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 010101 applied mathematics, Computational Mathematics, Computational Theory and Mathematics, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, symbols, Forced vibrations, Reduced-order methods
Abstract: International audience; There are many recent studies concerning reduced-order computational methods, especially reductions by projection on a small-sized basis. But it is difficult to control the quality of the solutions if the basis is fixed once and for all. This is why we attempt to define efficient and low-cost strategies for correction and updating of the basis. These correction steps re-use previously computed quantities such as: vectors and triangulated matrices. The proposed algorithms use alternately full and reduced-size steps, allowing a strong reduction in the number of full-size tangent matrices. Two classes of applications are discussed. First, we consider an algorithm for determining Hopf bifurcation points in 2D Navier-Stokes equations, but which requires time-consuming preliminary frequency-dependent calculations. New reduction-correction procedures are applied to reduce these preliminary computations. The second application concerns the response curves of viscoelastic structures. A key point is the definition of the reduced basis. Vector Taylor series are computed within the asymptotic numerical method and the relevance of this set of vectors is analysed.
Published: 2015
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43. Microstructure and crystallography of Al2O3–Y3Al5O12–ZrO2 ternary eutectic oxide grown by the micropulling down technique

Author: Kheirreddine Lebbou, O. Benamara, Maya Cherif, Thierry Duffar, Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Matériaux Luminescents ( LPCML ), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés ( SIMaP ), Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 ( UJF ) -Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology ( Grenoble INP ) -Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble ( INPG ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] ( ILM ), Institut Lumière Matière [Villeurbanne] (ILM), Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Science et Ingénierie des Matériaux et Procédés (SIMaP), and Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National Polytechnique de Grenoble (INPG)
Subjects: Materials science, Oxide, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Condensed Matter Physics, Microstructure, Inorganic Chemistry, Stress (mechanics), chemistry.chemical_compound, Crystallography, chemistry, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Phase (matter), visual_art, Materials Chemistry, Sapphire, visual_art.visual_art_medium, Ceramic, Eutectic system, Directional solidification
Abstract: International audience; The directional solidification of Al2O3-YAG-ZrO2 eutectic ceramic by a micro pulling down (mu-PD) technique is investigated. The effect of the pulling rate (0.1-1 mm min(-1)) on the crystallography and the microstructure is discussed. This tel eutectic system has a Chinese script microstructure and the eutectic spacing lambda, depends On the pulling rate nu following the law: lambda = 6.5 nu(-1/2) where lambda is in pm and nu in mu m/s as derived from the Jackson-Hunt model. With the lower pulling rates, all phases are oriented with the < 100 > direction parallel to the growth direction; however other orientations appear at the higher pulling rates. The Cr3+ ions R-lines emission in the sapphire phase in the ternary eutectic composite is measured to estimate the stress in the alumina phase which is also shown to depend on the pulling rate. (c) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Published: 2015
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44. UV‐Photoelectron Spectroscopic Studies of the Simplest 2,3‐Dihydro‐1 H ‐1,3,2‐diazaboroles [(CHNH) 2 BX, X = H, CN]

Author: Johannes Halama, Patrick Baylère, Alain Dargelos, Clovis Darrigan, Lothar Weber, Anna Chrostowska, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux ( IPREM ), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour ( UPPA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), 4 - Imagerie Tomographique et Radiothérapie, Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé ( CREATIS ), Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Hospices Civils de Lyon ( HCL ) -Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] ( UJM ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 ( UCBL ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), and European Synchrotron Radiation Facility ( ESRF )
Subjects: heterocycles, Photoelectron Spectroscopy, ab initio calculations, Thermal decomposition, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Time-dependent density functional theory, [ CHIM ] Chemical Sciences, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, chemistry, Ab initio quantum chemistry methods, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, density functional calculations, Physical chemistry, [ CHIM.ANAL ] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, Ionization energy, boron, Spectroscopy, Boron, Pyrrole
Abstract: International audience; Flash vacuum thermolysis of N,N′-di-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,3,2-diazaborole (1) and N,N′-di-tert-butyl-2-cyano-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,3,2-diazaborole (2) has been performed with a progressive increase in temperature and direct analysis of the gaseous flow by UV-photoelectron spectroscopy. The generation of isobutene was confirmed by its PE bands, and the formation of 2,3-dihydro-1H-1,3,2-diazaborole (1′) and 2-cyano-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,3,2-diazaborole (2′) has also been evidenced. These experimental results have been corroborated by TDDFT and OVGF calculations of the ionization energies. The elusive 2,3-dihydro-1H-1,3,2-diazaborole (1′) has been generated by flash vacuum thermolysis of N,N′-di-tert-butyl-2,3-dihydro-1H-1,3,2-diazaborole (1) and studied by UV-photoelectron spectroscopy. The HOMO of 1′ is destabilized by 0.3 eV in comparison with that of pyrrole, whereas the HOMO-1 is significantly stabilized (0.9 eV).
Published: 2015
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45. High cooling rate cells, dendrites, microstructural spacings and microhardness in a directionally solidified Al–Mg–Si alloy

Author: Noé Cheung, Nathalie Mangelinck-Noël, Crystopher Brito, Guillaume Reinhart, Amauri Garcia, José E. Spinelli, Henri Nguyen-Thi, Department of manufacturing and materials engineering, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence ( IM2NP ), Aix Marseille Université ( AMU ) -Université de Toulon ( UTLN ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Department of Materials Engineering, Federal University of Sao Carlos, UFSCar, Institut des Matériaux, de Microélectronique et des Nanosciences de Provence (IM2NP), Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Universidade Federal de São Carlos [São Carlos] (UFSCar)
Subjects: Materials science, Mechanical Engineering, Metallurgy, Alloy, Metals and Alloys, Analytical chemistry, Intermetallic, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Cooling rates, engineering.material, Microstructure, Indentation hardness, Solidification, Cooling rate, Hardness, Mechanics of Materials, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Unidirectional solidification, Materials Chemistry, engineering, Dendritic / cellular transition
Abstract: International audience; Transient unidirectional solidification experiments have been carried out with an Al–3 wt%Mg–1 wt%Si alloy under cooling rates (T_ ) in the range 0.2–45 K/s. A reverse cells > dendrites transition is shown to occur with the high-cooling rate cellular region associated with T_ > 2 K/s and the dendritic region with T. < 0.8 K/s. Experimental growth laws correlating the cellular and dendritic spacings with the cooling rate are proposed. It is shown that the microhardness is directly influenced by both morphologies of the Al-rich matrix and by the relative fractions of Mg2Si and Fe bearing intermetallics that vary differently with the cooling rate.
Published: 2015
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46. Impact of deicing salts on the bridge material corrosion appearance

Author: Durickovic, Ivana, Gaudé, Stéphanie, joineau, jean-yves, Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Direction Est ( Cerema Direction Est ), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement ( Cerema ), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Equipe-projet TEAM (Cerema Equipe-projet TEAM), Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement (Cerema), and Centre d'Etudes et d'Expertise sur les Risques, l'Environnement, la Mobilité et l'Aménagement - Direction Est (Cerema Direction Est)
Subjects: [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018

47. Scaling Behavior of Nafion with Different Model Parameterizations in Dissipative Particle Dynamics Simulations

Author: Sara Cavaliere, Hongjun Liu, Jacques Rozière, Deborah J. Jones, Stephen J. Paddison, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering University of Tennessee, Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier ( ICGM ICMMM ), Université Montpellier 1 ( UM1 ) -Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques ( UM2 ) -Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier ( ENSCM ) -Université de Montpellier ( UM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), European Project : 306682,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-StG_20111012,SPINAM ( 2013 ), The University of Tennessee [Knoxville], Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM), Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), European Project: 306682,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-StG_20111012,SPINAM(2013), Institut Charles Gerhardt Montpellier - Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux de Montpellier (ICGM ICMMM), and Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Montpellier (ENSCM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Université Montpellier 1 (UM1)-Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)
Subjects: Materials science, Polymers and Plastics, Organic Chemistry, Dissipative particle dynamics, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 02 engineering and technology, Mechanics, 010402 general chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Condensed Matter Physics, 01 natural sciences, [ CHIM ] Chemical Sciences, 0104 chemical sciences, Inorganic Chemistry, chemistry.chemical_compound, chemistry, Nafion, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Materials Chemistry, [CHIM]Chemical Sciences, 0210 nano-technology, Scaling, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2018
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48. Hg-stable isotope variations in marine top predators of the Western Arctic Ocean

Author: Paul R. Becker, David Amouroux, Gaël Guillou, Jeroen E. Sonke, David Point, Jérémy Masbou, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux ( IPREM ), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour ( UPPA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), and Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, mercury, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Ursus maritimus, 010501 environmental sciences, 01 natural sciences, Marine mammal, Arctic, Geochemistry and Petrology, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, biology.animal, Sea ice, mammals, 14. Life underwater, isotopes, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, Stable isotope ratio, MIF, fungi, δ15N, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [ CHIM.POLY ] Chemical Sciences/Polymers, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Bioaccumulation, Environmental chemistry, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [ CHIM.THEO ] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, Beluga Whale, Environmental science, [ CHIM.ANAL ] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, geographic locations
Abstract: Recent studies on mercury (Hg)-stable isotopes in Alaskan seabird eggs and ringed seal livers illustrated the control of sea ice cover on marine methyl-Hg photochemistry. Here, complementary marine mammal tissues have been analyzed to document variations in Hg-, carbon (C)-, and nitrogen (N)-stable isotope compositions of Arctic marine food webs. Hg-stable isotope ratios were measured in liver samples of 55 beluga whales (Delphinapterus leucas) and 15 polar bears (Ursus maritimus) collected since 1990. Large variations in delta Hg-202 (approximate to 2.1 parts per thousand) and Delta Hg-199 (approximate to 1.7 parts per thousand) are observed between species and within species stocks covering the Gulf of Alaska-Bering Sea-Arctic Ocean regions. Polar bears, mainly feeding on ringed seal (delta N-15 shift of 4.2 parts per thousand), show identical liver Delta Hg-199 of 0.5 parts per thousand, confirming the absence of metabolic mass-independent fractionation, and 0.33 +/- 0.11 parts per thousand enrichment in heavy Hg isotopes. Beluga whale liver total Hg concentrations increase with age, reflecting lifetime bioaccumulation, while Hg speciation shifts to inorganic Hg with age as a result of hepatic methyl-Hg breakdown. Delta Hg-200 variations in biota show a small, 0.1 parts per thousand decrease from North Pacific Ocean to Arctic Ocean habitats, suggesting atmospheric Hg deposition to be important in the Pacific and terrestrial Hg inputs to dominate in the Arctic Ocean. Similar to seabird eggs, a consistent south to north gradient in Delta Hg-199 baseline is seen in mammal liver tissues, confirming sea ice cover as a control factor on marine Hg photoreduction and Delta Hg-199. Arctic Ocean beluga whales have near zero Delta Hg-199, indicating that terrestrial Hg and in-situ-produced methyl-Hg are not measurably photoreduced in the Arctic Ocean before entering the marine food web.
Published: 2018
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49. Alternative acceptor materials based on hexabenzocoronene grafted with polymeric electron donor

Author: Bégué , Didier, Hiorns , Roger C., Santos Silva , Hugo, Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux (IPREM), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour (UPPA)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des sciences analytiques et de physico-chimie pour l'environnement et les materiaux ( IPREM ), Université de Pau et des Pays de l'Adour ( UPPA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and Blanc, Sylvie
Subjects: [ CHIM.POLY ] Chemical Sciences/Polymers, [CHIM.THEO]Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [CHIM.THEO] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [CHIM.POLY] Chemical Sciences/Polymers, [CHIM.MATE] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [CHIM.ANAL] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [CHIM.POLY]Chemical Sciences/Polymers, [CHIM.ANAL]Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [ CHIM.THEO ] Chemical Sciences/Theoretical and/or physical chemistry, [ CHIM.ANAL ] Chemical Sciences/Analytical chemistry, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry
Abstract: An electron acceptor, esp. for an org. solar cell, is a hexabenzocoronene compd., of structure I, in which: (1) R1, R3, R4, and R6 are selected from a carboxyl group -C(:O)-OH, -CN, -isocyano -(N+≡C-), -O(C≡N), and -CF3; and (2) R2 and R5 are of formula -Xn-ZP46, in which X is a spacer selected from -C(:O)-O- and -C(:O)-NH-, n = 0 or 1, and ZP46 is a polymer of structure II. The invention is applicable in particular in the field of org. photovoltaic cells.
Published: 2018

50. Oxidation of 316L(N) Stainless Steel in Liquid Sodium at 650 °C

Author: Marie-Laurence Giorgi, Matthieu Rivollier, Cécile Blanc, Michel Tabarant, J. L. Courouau, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux - EA 4038 ( LGPM ), CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire d'Etude de la Corrosion Non Aqueuse ( LECNA ), Département de Physico-Chimie ( DPC ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay, Laboratoire d'Analyses Nucléaires Isotopiques et Elémentaires ( LANIE ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Service d'études analytiques et de réactivité des surfaces ( SEARS ), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux - EA 4038 (LGPM), Laboratoire d'Etude de la Corrosion Non Aqueuse (LECNA), Service de la Corrosion et du Comportement des Matériaux dans leur Environnement (SCCME), Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-CEA-Direction des Energies (ex-Direction de l'Energie Nucléaire) (CEA-DES (ex-DEN)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Département de Physico-Chimie (DPC), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay, Service d'études analytiques et de réactivité des surfaces (SEARS), and Laboratoire de développement Analytique Nucléaire Isotopique et Elémentaire (LANIE)
Subjects: Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, [ SPI.MAT ] Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Oxide, chemistry.chemical_element, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, Corrosion, [SPI.MAT]Engineering Sciences [physics]/Materials, Chromium, chemistry.chemical_compound, 0103 physical sciences, General Materials Science, Dissolution, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 010302 applied physics, Austenite, High-temperature corrosion, [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Chemical engineering, Molybdenum, [ CHIM.MATE ] Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, Chromite, 0210 nano-technology
Abstract: International audience; The corrosion of an austenitic steel in liquid sodium containing 189 μg g−1 of oxygen was investigated at 650 °C as a function of time (122, 250 and 500 h). The steel samples were characterized by means of complementary techniques, namely scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, glow discharge optical emission spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. The characterizations showed that a NaCrO2 oxide scale forms at the steel surface. Under this oxide scale, iron and molybdenum rich M6C carbide particles together with NaCrO2 in the grain boundaries and cavities filled with sodium were observed. The stainless steel substrate and/or the chromite scale were dissolved in parallel with the formation of chromite and carbides. Thermodynamic calculations showed that NaCrO2 and M6C are equilibrium phases in such a system. NaCrO2 is formed by the reaction of chromium diffusing from the steel bulk with sodium and dissolved oxygen (external selective oxidation). Mo segregates to the steel surface where it reacts with Fe from the steel and C dissolved in liquid sodium. The dissolution of stainless steel occurred since the liquid sodium bath is not saturated in the dissolving species (pure metals and oxides such as NaCrO2, Na4FeO3). As for the cavities, vacancies are created at the steel/NaCrO2 interface by Cr oxidation, carburization and dissolution of the other elements present in the stainless steel. The vacancies become supersaturated and this leads to the nucleation of the cavities observed. Part of the vacancies created by Cr oxidation or steel dissolution is annihilated at sinks like dislocations leading to the translation of the oxide/metal interface towards the metal bulk.
Published: 2018
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