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为探究棕榈糖（PS）在生产耐霜巧克力方面的应用潜能,使用PS（0%、25%、50%、100%）部分或全部代替蔗糖制备油凝胶基巧克力（Choc PS0、Choc PS25、Choc PS50、Choc PS100），并通过测定表面白度、表面晶体形态（偏振光显微镜观测）、晶型（X射线衍射法）、热力学性质（差示扫描量热法），以及感官评价监测在温度循环波动环境（20 ℃下16 h，32 ℃下8 h）中储藏60 d的巧克力品质变化。结果表明：温度循环波动储藏60 d，Choc PS25和Choc PS50具有较低的表面白度指数，白色斑点的大小和数量较少，4个样品均呈现出单一的熔化峰，除了Choc PS25和Choc PS50中仍以βⅤ晶型为主外，其他样品总体表现出βⅤ向βⅥ的晶型转变;温度循环波动储藏前后4个样品在回味、香气和甜味方面的得分差异不显著，而硬度和颜色评分降低。综上，当PS添加量为25%~50%时，巧克力表面白度指数较低，晶型为稳定的βⅤ结晶，感官接受度高，产品的抗起霜稳定性较好，具有生产耐霜巧克力的应用潜能。To explore the potential of palm sap sugar (PS) in the production of frost-resistant chocolate,PS(0%, 25%, 50%, 100%) was used to partially or completely replace sucrose to prepare oleogel-based chocolate (Choc PS0, Choc PS25, Choc PS50, Choc PS100) . The changes of chocolate quality were measured by determing surface whiteness, surface crystal morphology (observed with palarized light microscope)、crystal form(X-ray diffraction method), thermodynamic property(differential scanning calorimetry), and sensory evaluation (SAT) during the 60 d temperature cycle fluctuation environment (16 h at 20 ℃ and 8 h at 32 ℃) storage. The results showed that Choc PS25 and Choc PS50 displayed lower surface whiteness index, and the size and number of white spots were the lowest after 60 d temperature cycle fluctuation environment storage, and all of the samples showed a single melting peak with βⅤ to βⅥ crystal evolution except that in Choc PS25 and Choc PS50 dominanted with βⅤ-crystal form. Before and after temperature cycle storage, the SAT score of four chocolates were not significant in terms of aftertaste, aroma and sweetness, while the hardness and color scores decreased.To sum up, the oleogel-based chocolate prepared with 25%-50% PS has a lower surface whiteness index, stable βⅤ-crystal form, higher sensory acceptance and higher anti-blooming stability， and PS has the application potential in the production of frost-resistant chocolate.

为了全面分析我国市售牛油果油和葡萄籽油的品质，为食用油产品开发提供指导，采集了市售牛油果油、葡萄籽油主流产品各9种，全面分析其理化品质、危害物风险和营养素水平，并与常见大宗食用油营养素水平进行对比。结果表明：在理化品质上，两种植物油的不同产品存在一定差异，但均符合国家标准；两种植物油苯并\[a\]芘、塑化剂含量均符合国家标准，88.9%的产品反式脂肪酸含量控制在1%以内，但国际前沿关注的3-氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯存在超标风险；牛油果油的主要营养素为油酸、角鲨烯、植物甾醇、维生素E，葡萄籽油的主要营养素为亚油酸、植物甾醇、维生素E、谷维素。 In order to comprehensively investigate the product quality of avocado oil and grapeseed oil in Chinese market, and provide guidance for the development of edible oil products，9 different products of each kind of oil were collected. Their physicochemical quality, risk of hazards, and nutrient level were fully analyzed, and their nutrient level was compared with the common bulk edible oil. The results showed that in terms of physicochemical quality, there were certain differences between different products of the two vegetable oils, but both met the national standards. The content of benzo\[a\]pyrene and plasticizer in the two vegetable oils met the national standards, and the content of trans fatty acid in 88.9% of the products was controlled within 1%, but the 3-chloropropanol ester and glycidyl ester, which were concerned by the international frontier, had the risk of exceeding the standard. The primary nutrients in avocado oil were oleic acid, squalene, phytosterol and vitamin E, and in grapeseed oil were linoleic acid, phytosterol, vitamin E and glutathione, respectively.

建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法（UPLC-MS/MS）测定植物油中4种杂环胺(MeIQx、4，8-DiMeIQx、7,8-DiMeIQx、PhIP)的分析方法。样品经含1%氨水乙腈提取、乙腈饱和的正己烷脱脂后，利用PCX固相萃取柱进行净化。净化后的样品采用乙腈和10 mmol/L甲酸铵溶液作为流动相进行梯度洗脱，在正离子模式下以电喷雾电离串联质谱对杂环胺的定量离子和定性离子进行监测，并利用内标法进行定量。结果表明：4种杂环胺在0.5~100.0 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好，相关系数均大于0.99，方法检出限为0.01~0.04 μg/kg，定量限为0.03~0.13 μg/kg；在1.0、5.0、10.0 μg/kg的加标水平下，杂环胺的平均回收率在64.5%~96.5%之间，相对标准偏差在2.83%~8.52%之间。本方法快速、准确、灵敏，可应用于植物油中4种杂环胺的同时检测。 A method for determination of four heterocyclic aromatic amines(MeIQx, PhIP, 4,8-DiMeIQx and 7,8-DiMeIQx) in vegetables oils by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) was established. The samples were extracted by acetonitrile containing 1% ammonium hydroxide, defatted by n-hexane saturated by acetonitrile, followed by the purification with PCX solid phase extraction column. Then the heterocyclic aromatic amines in the extracts were separated by a gradient elution of acetonitrile and 10 mmol/L ammonium formate aqueous solution, then quantitative and qualitative ion of heterocyclic aromatic amines were monitored by electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry in positive ion mode, and quantified by internal standard method. The results showed that all of the analytes showed good linearity in the range of 05-1000 ng/mL and the correlation coefficients (r2) were all above 0.99. The limits of detection for heterocyclic aromatic amines were 0.01-0.04 μg/kg, and the limits of quantification were 0.03-0.13 μg/kg. The average recoveries of heterocyclic aromatic amines at spiked levels of 1.0, 5.0, 10.0 μg/kg ranged from 64.5% to 96.5%, with the relative standard deviations of 2.83%-8.52%. The method is rapid, accurate and sensitive, and is suitable for the determination of four heterocyclic aromatic amines in vegetable oils.

为了研究我国市售精炼葵花籽油产品品质差异，采集市售9个主流品牌的16种精炼一级葵花籽油，按标准方法分析其理化品质（酸值、过氧化值、色泽）、营养品质（维生素E、植物甾醇、角鲨烯、谷维素、多酚含量）和安全品质（多环芳烃、苯并（a）芘、塑化剂、2-氯丙醇酯、3-氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯含量）。结果表明：不同精炼葵花籽油产品的理化指标存在明显差异；精炼葵花籽油的主要营养素为维生素E（以α-维生素E计）和植物甾醇，含量均值分别达到63.81 mg/100 g和3 867.0 mg/kg；精炼葵花籽油中苯并（a）芘和多环芳烃的含量均低于我国标准限量，62.5%的样品中苯并（a）芘的含量低于欧盟限量（2 μg/kg），87.5%的样品中多环芳烃的含量低于欧盟限量（10 μg/kg）；精炼葵花籽油中的塑化剂检出量较低，而3-氯丙醇酯和缩水甘油酯存在一定超标风险。研究结果说明不同精炼葵花籽油产品的精炼程度和品质控制水平存在明显差异。 In order to study the quality difference of refined sunflower seed oil products in China, 16 kinds of first-grade refined sunflower seed oil from 9 major brands in the market were collected, and their physicochemical quality(acid value, peroxide value, color), nutritional quality(vitamin E, phytosterol, squalene, oryzanol and polyphenols content) and safety quality(polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, benzo(a)pyrene, plasticizer, 2-chloropropanol ester,3-chloropropanol ester and glycidyl ester content) were analyzed according to the standard methods. The results showed that there were significant differences in the physicochemical indexes of different refined sunflower seed oil products; the main nutrients of refined sunflower seed oil were vitamin E(calculated as α-vitamin E) and phytosterol, with the average values reaching 63.81 mg/100 g and 3 867.0 mg/kg, respectively; the contents of benzo(a)pyrene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in refined sunflower seed oil were lower than the Chinese national standard limit, the content of benzo(a)pyrene in 62.5% of the samples was lower than the EU limit of 2 μg/kg, and the content of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in 87.5% of the samples was lower than the EU limit of 10 μg/kg; the detection amount of plasticizer in refined sunflower seed oil was low, and 3-chloropropanol ester and glycidyl ester had a certain risk of exceeding the national standard. In conclusion, there are obvious differences in the refining degree and quality control level of different refined sunflower seed oil products.

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为了研究不同炒籽工艺对低芥酸浓香菜籽油风味的影响，以低芥酸油菜籽为原料，研究入炒水分、炒籽温度、炒籽时间对低芥酸浓香菜籽油风味物质含量及感官品质的影响。结果表明：从低芥酸浓香菜籽油中共鉴定出65种挥发性风味物质；随炒籽温度上升、炒籽时间延长，低芥酸浓香菜籽油中呈现烤香味的杂环类物质总含量逐渐增加；随炒籽温度上升和入炒水分的增加，呈现刺激味的硫苷降解产物(含硫类化合物、腈类化合物)总含量逐渐增加；在感官上，低芥酸浓香菜籽油主要体现为烤香味、焦糊味，还能感知到腌菜味和刺激味；随炒籽温度升高，低芥酸浓香菜籽油中烤香味感官属性得分先上升后降低，150 ℃时得分最高,而焦糊味、腌菜味等感官属性得分逐渐升高；随炒籽时间延长，烤香味感官属性得分逐渐降低，焦糊味感官属性得分逐渐升高；随入炒水分增加，烤香味、焦糊味感官属性得分在一定范围内稳定波动。炒籽过程中一定的炒籽温度及增加水分能够明显提升消费者喜好度。 In order to study the effects of different roasting processes of rapeseeds on the flavor of fragrant rapeseed oil with low erucic acid, using low erucic acid rapeseed as raw material, the effects of water content, roasting temperature and roasting time on the flavor component content and sensory quality of fragrant rapeseed oil with low erucic acid were studied. The results showed that a total of 65 volatile flavor compounds were identified in the fragrant rapeseed oil with low erucic acid. With the increase of roasting temperature and roasting time, the total content of heterocyclic substances presenting roasting flavor gradually increased. With the increase of roasting temperature and water content, the total content of glucosinolates degrading products (sulfur-containing compound and nitrile compound)presenting stimulating flavor in fragrant rapeseed oil with low erucic acid gradually increased. In sensory sense, the fragrant rapeseed oil with low erucic acid mainly presented the roast flavor and burnt flavor, but also presented the pickled vegetable flavor and stimulating flavor. With the increase of roasting temperature, the sensory attribute score of roasting flavor increased firstly and then decreased, reaching the highest at 150 ℃, and the sensory attribute score of burnt flavor and pickled vegetable flavor increased gradually. With the prolonging of roasting time, the sensory attribute score of roasting flavor decreased gradually, and the sensory attribute score of burnt flavor increased gradually. With the increase of water content, the sensory attribute scores of roasting flavor and burnt flavor fluctuated stably within a certain range. A certain roasting temperature and increase in water content during roasting process can significantly improve consumer preference.

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In order to ensure accurate spraying of pesticides and reduce the loss of pesticides in fruit trees, a calculation model of precise pesticide spraying quantity in orchards was established. The model included the canopy parameters, interface properties of the fruit tree, and the pesticide destination in the orchard, which could be used to guide the modes of spraying for different plant protection machinery under different planting patterns in the orchard. By selecting 'Fushi' apple leaves of different phenological periods as research objects, the leaf surface free energy and canopy parameters were tested. The relationship between liquid surface tension and maximum liquid holdup was established for apple leaves. The maximum pesticide loading of the whole tree was calculated based on maximum liquid holdup and canopy parameters. The calculation model of precise pesticide spraying quantity was established, combined with the pesticide destination in the orchard. The application of two kinds of spraying machines, stretcher plunger pump sprayer in the low-density planting orchard and selfpropelled axial flow sprayer in the close planting orchard, were taken as examples, and the practicability of the model was verified. The results showed that the use of a stretcher plunger pump sprayer in the early stage in the low-density planting orchard could save 37.40% of liquid compared with the original, and 18.75% of liquid could be saved in the later stage. The use of a self-propelled axial flow sprayer in the late stage of the close planting orchard can save 28% of the liquid. There was no significant difference between the control efficacy and the dosage of conventional liquid medicine. This model combined the interface properties of apple leaves with the application equipment could not only calculate accurately the spraying amount of pesticide according to the actual situation of the orchard， but also evaluate the applicability of pesticide liquid at a certain period. The mode could adjust the parameters of the pesticide liquid and spray machine according to the actual situation, so as to achieve the purpose of precise pesticide application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Summary: Background: Large cohort studies that estimate the variation in suicide risk among cancer patients, depending on disease type and patient characteristics, are lacking. We aimed to investigate suicide risk among patients with different cancers types in the United States (US) and to identify subsets of patients at particularly high risk. Methods: A total of 9,300,812 cases of cancer in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) database that were diagnosed between 1975 and 2016 were included in the study. Standardized mortality ratio (SMR) and absolute excess risk (AER) of suicide were estimated. Findings: From the included cases, 14,423 cancer patients were identified as having died by suicide, representing 0.26% of all deaths. We found that cancer patients had a higher risk of suicide compared with the general population, which equated to 0.8 excess deaths per 10,000 person-years. Greater suicide risk was correlated with the following: specific cancer sites, male sex, American Indian/Alaskan Native ancestry, being divorced, being uninsured, distance of metastasis, aged between 60 and 69 at diagnosis, and having a more recent diagnosis. The greatest SMR and AER were found in patients with cancers of the respiratory system, followed by those of the oral cavity and pharynx, myeloma, bones and joints, digestive system, and brain and other nervous system cancers. Interpretation: Suicide risk among cancer patients varies greatly and depends on both disease type and patient characteristics. A tailored clinical management should be considered for patients at a higher risk of suicide. Funding: Natural Science Foundation of China.

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Objective: To explore the genetic alterations and metabolite changes in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia（ALL）. Methods: From September 2021 to May 2022, 4 children with ALL who were treated for the first time in the Department of Pediatrics of the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University were selected as the experimental group, and 4 healthy children who underwent physical examination in this hospital at the same time were selected as the control group. Clinical data and serum samples were collected. Serum metabolite profiling was performed by liquid chromatography ⁃ mass spectrometry, and genetic variations were analyzed by exome sequencing. Results: Metabolomics revealed that 61 metabolites have difference, with 37 showing increased expression in ALL. The most significant upregulated metabolites were identified as cresol and deoxycholic acid. Additionally, 24 metabolites exhibited decreased expression, with 1 ⁃ pyrroline ⁃ 5 ⁃ carboxylic acid and serotonin, etc., being the most significantly downregulated metabolites. Exonomics has revealed that among the top ten genes ranked by protein interactions include MUC17. Conclusion: There are obvious differences in serum metabolites between children with ALL and healthy children, involving a variety of metabolic pathway changes, and the differential metabolites identified are of great significance for the diagnosis and treatment of ALL. Exome sequencing suggests that genes such as MUC17 may play a certain role in the occurrence of ALL, providing novel concepts and approaches for the study and clinical pharmacotherapy of ALL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The international non-tariff trade protection against China has gradually increased since 2018, hindering technology trade. Under the impact of the new trade protection, we still know little about how the electronic communication industry (as one of the strategic high-tech industries)changes the innovation cooperation relationship and the innovation performance. Owing to the failure of geographical research to integrate trade protection into the existing research framework from an institutional perspective, the trade protection literature and the innovation geography literature do not intersect. However, the trade geography literature has not paid enough attention to the evolution of industrial innovation in China in recent years and has not taken into account the heterogeneity of the industry-college-institute cooperation and innovation relationship and its impact on regional industrial innovation performance. Based on the 2014-2021 US Export Control Regulations and the invention patent data of the electronic communication industry in the Pearl River Delta, this study uses descriptive statistics, a Quadratic Assignment Procedure, and a negative binomial regression model. It explores both the mechanism and effect of a new round of trade protection on industry-college-institute cooperation and their joint impact on cooperative innovation performance. The study finds that the structure of the industry-college-institute cooperative innovation relationship in the electronic communication industry of the Pearl River Delta has gradually decentralized, and its heterogeneity growth tends to stall. The new round of trade protection significantly regulates geographical proximity, deteriorating the geographical scale of cooperative innovation. The regression results show that under the impact of trade protection, the heterogeneity of industrycollege-institute cooperation changes from positive to negative, and the inverted U-shaped relationship has reached a significant level. Trade protection changes the influence of social and cognitive proximities and of geographical proximity on cooperative innovation performance, and the moderating effect of trade protection is highlighted by the positive effect of strengthening geographical proximity on industry-college-institute cooperation and innovation performance. The above findings remind us of the need to further refine and optimize innovation support policies. Therefore, the study puts forward some targeted policy suggestions, namely, to formulate innovation support policies suitable for the internal and externalized innovation transaction costs of different types of enterprises, strengthen the dominant role of enterprises in innovation, and promote crossregional cooperation. To a certain extent, it can inform the decision-making by China's regional strategic industries around ending the international technology trade blockade and achieving high-quality independent innovation and technical cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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To study the difference of cold resistance of four plants of Rosa(R. lasiosepala, R. odorata. var. gigantea, R. weisiensis, R. lichiangensis), and screen out the varieties with strong cold resistance. In this study, a low temperature incubator was used to conduct different gradients of low temperature stress(0, -5, -10, -15 ℃), the soluble sugar content, soluble protein content, malondialdehyde(MDA) content, proline(Pro) content, SOD activity, POD activity, and expression difference of coldresistance-related regulatory gene HSP90 were measured. The results showed that under low temperature stress, the soluble protein content, soluble sugar content, free proline content, malondialdehyde content, SOD activity, and POD activity in the leaves of four plants of Rosa showed a gradually increasing trend with aggravation of low temperature stress. The analysis of the differential expression of HSP90 gene of four plants of Rosa showed that the relative expression of HSP90 gene showed a trend of gradual increase with aggravation of low temperature stress. The expression of HSP90 gene was the highest in R. lasiosepala under 0, - 5, - 10, -15 ℃ low temperature stress, indicating that there were differences in cold resistance of four plants of Rosa, among which R. lasiosepala had better cold resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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