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BACKGROUND: Finite element analysis is a commonly used mathematical modeling method to analyze the biomechanics of the lumbar spine. By constructing finite element models of the complex tissues such as muscles, blood vessels, and nerves in the lumbar region, mechanical analysis is performed to elucidate the pathogenesis of lumbar spine disorders and the mechanical mechanisms of treatment approaches. OBJECTIVE: To review the progress of finite element analysis in understanding the pathogenesis and treatment modalities of lumbar spine disorders, and to propose a new clinical workflow for the implementation of finite element analysis, aiming to provide a reference for future studies and promote the widespread utilization of finite element analysis in clinical diagnosis and treatment. METHODS: The PubMed database was searched using English keywords “finite element analysis, lumbar vertebra”, while the WanFang and China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) databases were searched using Chinese keywords “finite element analysis, lumbar vertebra”. A total of 73 articles were included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Lumbar spine degeneration in non-slipped patients typically originates from the posterior annulus fibrosus, while in patients with lumbar spine spondylolisthesis, degeneration starts from the lumbar facet joints due to abnormal mechanical mechanisms. (2) Restoring vertebral body height can prevent adjacent-level degeneration, and finite element analysis-measured vertebral compression strength can serve as an effective predictor of fracture risk, replacing bone density measurements. (3) In lumbar spine fusion surgery, selecting fusion devices of appropriate height and placing them transversely can prevent device subsidence. Increased intervertebral strain, circumferential stress, and intervertebral pressure in adjacent segments after fusion surgery may contribute to the occurrence of degenerative changes in neighboring segments. (4) Finite element analysis results suggest that preoperative planning for transforaminal endoscopic surgery should include considerations for osteotomy size to avoid excessive destruction of the articular process, and intraoperatively, preferential selection of a technique that traverses the superior articular process for foraminal dilatation. (5) In percutaneous kyphoplasty, bilateral pedicle screw augmentation should be performed, distributing bone cement on both sides of the pedicle. More advanced non-aluminum glass polyalkenoate cement materials should be selected. (6) Traction therapy should be personalized based on individual patient characteristics, including customized traction angles and forces, to achieve optimal therapeutic effects. (7) Manual therapy can induce relative displacement between the herniated intervertebral disc and the nerve root, thereby reducing compression. (8) The workflow involving CT/MR-AI Plus FEA-AI Plus Surgical robots can enable more precise diagnosis and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The basic principle of the design of the robot system used for total knee arthroplasty is to combine three-dimensional surgical planning, early warning of danger areas during surgery, real-time data feedback, robot arm assisted osteotomy and other technologies to achieve precision and personalization of total knee arthroplasty, which is exactly its biggest advantage. Therefore, it has become a hot topic in the field of joint surgery in recent years and attracted much attention. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the development status of robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty in the field of joint surgery and the comparison of advantages and disadvantages with conventional total knee arthroplasty and to prospect the future development of robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty. METHODS: Relevant articles were searched from PubMed, CNKI, Wanfang and VIP databases by computer. English key words were “robot OR robotic OR robotics OR robotically OR computer, total knee arthroplasty OR total knee replacement, TKA OR TKR”. Chinese key words were “robotic-assisted, computer navigation, total knee arthroplasty”. Finally, 64 articles were included for review and analysis. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) The robot system used to assist total knee arthroplasty is divided into active, semi-active and passive according to its degree of freedom. The semi-active system, currently widely used in robotic systems, effectively enhances the accuracy and personalization of total knee arthroplasty. However, its high implementation cost and relatively steep learning curve remain key factors to be balanced when promoting its adoption in joint surgery field. (2) Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty can achieve precise osteotomy and correct placement of prosthesis in local three-dimensional space of the knee joint. It has been widely proven that it can provide better accuracy of prosthesis implantation, reduce imaging abnormalities, obtain good soft tissue balance during the operation, and ultimately improve the motion and functional status of the knee joint after the operation. (3) However, the current robotic-assisted system still has objective shortcomings, including the problem of learning curve between different robot devices and operators, additional installation and maintenance costs, and potential complications related to robot surgery. Therefore, whether it can truly benefit the medical system and patients still needs to be proven by long-term research, and the robotic-assisted system also needs to be further improved substantially. (4) Robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty technique is still in the preliminary research stage in clinical practice and has not been widely applied. To better define the usage of robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty and enhance its clinical procedural standards and safety, refining these aspects will become a focal point of future research on robotic-assisted total knee arthroplasty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a clinical syndrome that exhibits similar histopathological changes in the liver as alcoholic liver disease, despite the absence of a history of excessive alcohol consumption in patients. It encompasses a range of conditions, including simple fatty liver, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), fatty liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. NASH represents a critical stage in the progression of this disease. Such diseases have been officially named as metabolic-associated fatty liver disease, and there is a general consensus that the progression of this disease can be accurately described by its activity and degree of fibrosis. The emergence of liver fibrosis has a significant impact on the prognosis of these patients. Without timely diagnosis and treatment, the condition may gradually deteriorate, leading to liver cirrhosis and its associated complications, and there is even a possibility of developing hepatocellular carcinoma. Effective prevention and treatment of MAFLD have the potential to further halt the progression of chronic liver diseases and reduce the risks of liver cirrhosis, liver-related disabilities, and fatalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) is a polar organic solvent with various biological functions. Currently, it is widely used as a cryoprotectant in the medical field to cryopreserve organs and cells. It has pharmacological effects such as anti-inflammation, analgesia, diuresis and sedation, and is relatively safe and effective as a medical product. Therefore it is widely used in the pharmaceutical industry and clinical administration as a pharmaceutical solvent and drug carrier. In recent years, research on the nuclear radiation protection effect of DMSO has also received much attention, this type of research provides new insights into the common path-ogenesis and protection of radiation damage to multiple organs and tissues in the body. However, its physio- logical and pharmacological properties have not been fully elucidated. This article reviewed the current medical applications and safety of DMSO at home and abroad, with a view to provide references for further research and application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammation is a key response to a variety of stimuli, and inflammatory molecules such as cytokines play a central role in the pathogenesis of many diseases, including bone and joint diseases. Proinflammatory cytokines are mainly produced by immune cells, which mediate inflammation and innate immune responses. Inflammasomes are newly recognized as important players in innate immunity. The most typical one is the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome. NLRP3 detects exogenous pathogenic invasion and endogenous cell damage and responds by forming the NLRP3 inflammasome. The three main components of the NLRP3 inflammasome are NLRP3 (capturing danger signals and recruits downstream molecules), caspase-1 (inducing the maturation of cytokines IL-18 and IL-18 to mediate the release and focal death of cytokines) and apoptosis-related spot-like protein containing caspase recruitment domain (ASC, which connects NLRP3 and caspase-1). In addition, proinflammatory cytokines accelerate bone absorption and cartilage destruction, leading to bone and joint tissue destruction. Therefore, proinflammatory cytokines are involved in regulating the pathogenesis of bone and joint diseases. This paper reviewed the research progress on the activation and function of NLRP3 inflammatory corpuscles in bone and joint diseases in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA), as a systemic autoimmune disease, its pathogenesis and mechanism are currently unclear. Traditional chronic anti rheumatic drugs, hormones, etc. have a clear goal of con- trolling inflammation to alleviate the condition, but there are still some patients who are unresponsive or intolerant to treatment. In recent years, the emergence of biological agents has opened up a promising path for rheumatism, and a large number of literature reports have shown its advantages. Therefore, this article analyzed and reviewed the latest relevant literature on the advantages and efficacy of biological agents in treating RA, to provide more evidence for clinical selection of biological agents for treating RA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduced the qualification certification, training status and training mode of sterile supply center (CSSD) specialist nurses in China, and put forward relevant suggestions based on the cur- rent domestic situation, so as to provide reference for the establishment of CSSD specialist nurse training system in China, and for relevant departments and CSSD managers to formulate relevant training policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urothelial carcinoma (UC), as a common malignant tumor of the urinary system, has an increasing inumber of patients. Some patients have developed into inoperable locally advanced or distant metastatic UC (la/mUC) at the initial treatment. At present, the standard treatment scheme is platinum-based chemotherapy, but the adverse reactions and therapeutic effects are not ideal. In recent years, antibody-drug conjugate combined with immune checkpoint inhibitors has gradually become a new focus of cancer precision medicine research, bringing new treatment options for these patients. Currently, there are many clinical trials in this field, and the purpose of this article was to provide a comprehensive review of the recent research progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a core component of the 26S proteasome, PSMB5 plays a key role in regulating protein degradation and cell cycle, and its abnormal expression is closely related to the development of multiple tumor types. This review reviewed the structure and function of proteasomes, the relationship between PSMB5 and tumorigenesis, development and drug resistance, and discussed potential therapeutic strategies for PSMB5. The study of PSMB5 can not only help predict the effect of tumor treatment, but also provide patients with more precise and effective treatment plans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Materiae Compositae Sinica is the property of Acta Materiea Compositae Sinica Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lung cancer can be classified into two major histopathological types: non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and small cell lung cancer, with NSCLC being the most common type. Most patients are diagnosed at an advanced stage. In recent years, the application of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has improved the treatment outcomes of advanced tumors, particularly significantly prolonging the survival of patients with advanced NSCLC. Due to various reasons, treatment strategies after ICI discontinuation are of great significance to patients. Re-challenge of immunotherapy, as one of the alternative options, has generated relevant research data. This article reviews the research progress of immunotherapy re-challenge in advanced NSCLC, summarizes the latest relevant studies, provides references for clinical treatment, and explores factors associated with better outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by inflammatory reactions in multiple joints throughout the body. Patients with RA have a significantly higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) than the general population, making CVD an important cause of mortality among RA patients. This review aims to comprehensively analyze the latest research progress in RA complicated with CVD, in order to improve the prevention, diagnosis, and treatment strategies for this comorbidity and ultimately enhance the quality of life for RA patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST) are mesenchymal-derived tumors that commonly occur in the digestive tract. GIST located in the stomach and with a diameter less than 2 cm are referred to as small gastric stromal tumors (sGSTs). These tumors are often incidentally discovered during physical examinations and are typically benign or indolent. However, due to their malignant potential, there remains controversy over their treatment standards. Currently, numerous studies have confirmed that various endoscopic techniques can be used for the treatment of sGSTs, which offer advantages such as minimal invasiveness, fewer complications, and lower costs compared to surgical and laparoscopic approaches, benefiting patients more. This article reviews the diagnosis and treatment measures for sGSTs, aiming to provide more proactive treatment options for patients and clinicians [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thyroid gland is the largest endocrine organ in the human body, and nodules can develop when cells undergo abnormal proliferation. These nodules are classified as benign or malignant based on pathological results. Benign nodules include follicular adenoma, cysts, nodular goiter, etc., while malignant nodules include papillary carcinoma. follicular carcinoma, medullary carcinoma, undifferentiated carcinoma and Hurth- le cell carcinoma, among others. Early and effective differentiation between benign and malignant nodules is conducive to patient treatment and prognosis. Currently, the methods for differentiating benign and malignant thyroid nodules mainly include ultrasound. computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, single-photon emission computed tomography, positron emission tomography, and others. This article reviews the latest research progress in the application of imaging examination methods in the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant thyroid nodules in recent years, aiming to provide new ideas and theoretical foundations for clinicians to develop more effective diagnostic and treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a critical neurological disease caused by the rupture of blood vessels within the brain parenchyma, with high mortality and morbidity rates. Currently, much research has focused on the injury mechanisms and intervention strategies following ICH, yet clinically effective treatments that significantly improve patient outcomes remain scarce. The mass effect refers to the mechanical compression of brain tissue by the hematoma during ICH, and its crucial role in neural function damage has been widely recognized in clinical practice. Therefore, exploring the mechanisms and pathways of the mass effect mediating primary and secondary injuries after ICH holds significant practical importance for the development of clinical intervention strategies. This article reviews the injury mechanisms and pathways of the mass effect during the onset and progression of ICH, aiming to provide references and theoretical bases for intervention research following ICH. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sepsis patients have low survival rates, high mortality rates, and poor prognosis, making early identification of pathogens particularly crucial. Metagenomic next-generation sequencing (mNGS) enables unbiased detection of all microorganisms in clinical samples, providing greater sensitivity, accuracy, and efficiency in early detection of sepsis pathogenic microorganism compared to traditional culture techniques. With the continuous development of next-generation sequencing technology, the clinical application value of mNGS in sepsis diagnosis will further improve. This article reviews the advantages, clinical applications, progress, challenges, and prospects of mNGS in the early diagnosis of sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the goals of health education is to promote the transformation of health-related behaviors. The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) theory explains the process of behavior change and provides a theoretical framework for interventions aimed at behavior change. This article reviews the connotation, characteristics, and application of HAPA theory in nursing health education, aiming to increase nurses′ understanding of HAPA theory, promote its application in nursing health education, and provide a basis for promoting behavior change in patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIzheimer′s disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder, and effective treatments are still lacking. Identifying molecular biomarkers has become crucial for AD diagnosis and prevention. This article focuses on reviewing the impact of DNA methylation on AD pathology and discusses the potential role of methylation in regulating the onset and progression of AD. Finally, by examining characteristics of DNA methylation in blood samples from AD patients, aiming to provide new insights and strategies for early screening of AD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Anterior cruciate ligament rupture is one of the injuries that seriously affect life and sports performance, and the anterior cruciate ligament as a stabilizing structure is irreplaceable in maintaining sports performance. In view of its severe injury manifestations, the current treatment for anterior cruciate ligament rupture is a surgery for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. Since an anterior cruciate ligament injury can cause loss of mechanoreceptors, which in turn causes a reduction in proprioception, it is a great problem for patients to recover their motor performance. OBJECTIVE: To summarize the effects of proprioceptive training on clinical outcomes after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction and to explore the underlying mechanisms, thereby providing more references for clinical prevention and treatment. METHODS: A computerized search of PubMed, CNKI, WanFang Data, and VIP databases was conducted for literature (from January 2013 to March 2023) related to proprioceptive training after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction that improves joint stability and motor balance ability. A total of 108 articles were finally included for review. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Proprioceptive training can effectively improve the proprioceptive functions of patients, such as positional sense and kinesthetic sense after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, and improve joint stability, postural control and motor ability. The proprioceptive training improves the proprioceptive function through three mechanisms: stimulation of periprosthetic receptors around the knee joint, activation of spinal reflex stimulation, reinforcement of motor control in the brain, and enhancement of cognitive processing. The proprioceptive training may improve proprioceptive functions by activating the potential mechanisms of growth associated protein-43 activity, Piezo2 mechanotransducer, and NT-3/TrkC signaling pathway. Hydrotherapy is the mainstay in the early stages, while neuromuscular training, individual strength training and visual feedback training are prioritized in the middle and late stages. There exists an as-yet-unsegmented reconstructive surgery graft, sex, and a lack of devices or proprioceptive training methods based on the idea of combining multiple sensory stimuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Oilfield Chemistry is the property of Sichuan University, Oilfield Chemistry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Oilfield Chemistry is the property of Sichuan University, Oilfield Chemistry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Oilfield Chemistry is the property of Sichuan University, Oilfield Chemistry Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

As an age-related geriatric syndrome, frailty has become an important social problem that threatens the health of the elderly. Early identification and intervention of frailty can help reduce the occurrence of clinical negative events caused by frailty. It is of great significance to improve the quality of life of elderly patients, prevent premature death and prolong life expectancy. Adiponectin, as an adipocytokine with a variety of physiological effects, may become a potential biomarker for frailty. This article reviews the research on the correlation between adiponectin and frailty in the elderly, aiming to provide a reference for the development of adiponectin as a biomarker of frailty and subsequent related therapeutic drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is an important endoscopic technology in the field of digestive endoscopy. It is mainly used to diagnose biliary diseases in the early stage, and now it has developed into the diagnosis and treatment of biliary and pancreatic diseases. Compared with the general endoscopic treatment, its operation time is longer and its anesthesia risk is greater. ERCP under sedation/anesthesia can enhance patients′ tolerance and create better diagnosis and treatment conditions for digestive endoscopists, but there is also the risk of anesthesia-related hypoxemia, so airway management during operation is particularly important. In this paper, the ventilation strategies of ERCP patients under sedation/anesthesia were reviewed in combination with the related research in recent years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome can seriously affect the prognosis. In recent years, the development of artificial intelligence and big data in the medical fields has provided new ideas for the risk prediction of such people. At present, a variety of machine learning prediction models have been used to predict various adverse cardiovascular events in patients with acute coronary syndrome. This article reviewed the research and application status of these machine learning prediction models, and reviewed the model construction methods, data sources and characteristics, model validation and risk factors, so as to provide references for patient risk assessment, early prevention and prognosis assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Primary liver cancer (PLC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in China, and hepatocellular carcinoma（HCC） is its main type. Sorafenib is a new multifunctional oral anticancer drug. As the first multi-target targeted therapy drug approved for clinical application, sorafenib is mainly used for the treatment of inoperable or distant metastatic HCC, and is still one of the first-line therapies for HCC. In recent years, patients with liver cancer have developed resistance to sorafenib, while the clinical trials of reducing the resistance of sorafenib combined with other drugs are still at the bottleneck stage. Therefore, exploring the mechanism of sorafenib resistance is of clinical significance for overcoming the resistance of sorafenib in the treatment of PLC. Studies have shown that IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway plays an important role in the mechanism of sorafenib resistance. In this review, the research progress of the mechanism of drug resistance mediated by IL-6/STAT3 signaling pathway in the treatment of PLC with sorafenib was reviewed, which provided new ideas for solving the problem of drug resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angiotensin Ⅱ (Ang Ⅱ) is the main active peptide in renin angiotensin system (RAS), which is closely related to the occurrence and development of circulatory diseases such as heart disease, hypertension, hyperlipidemia and stroke. Ang Ⅱ not only participates in the beneficial effects of regulating blood pressure stability and maintaining water and salt balance, but also promotes vascular inflammatory response, causes oxidative stress injury, vascular endothelial dysfunction and circulatory system diseases. The role of Ang Ⅱ in the occurrence and development of circulatory system diseases has always been the focus of academic research. Therefore, clarifying the relationship between Ang Ⅱ and circulatory system diseases can provide new ideas for clinical treatment of circulatory system diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is extensive peripheral nerve infiltration and tumor innervation in head and neck cancer, which promotes tumor progress and brings worse prognosis. Schwann cells (SCs) are a type of glial cells that are widely distributed in the peripheral nervous system and are involved in nerve injury repair. In recent years, more and more studies have shown that SCs play an important role in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Reprogrammed SCs promote peripheral nerve infiltration and tumor innervation through signal interaction with tumor and nerves on the one hand, and directly act on TME components and promote tumor progression on the other hand. This paper mainly discusses the cross-talk patterns of SCs and cancer-nerve signals, as well as the mechanism of action of SCS-related signals in TME, and explore potential targets for therapeutic intervention in SCS-related head and neck cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) is an efficient nucleic acid amplification method that does not depend on enzyme biocatalysis and temperature cycling, and is characterized by good biocompatibility, simple operation, and mild reaction conditions. By combining CHA with various signal output modes, highly sensitive detection of various biological targets (nucleic acids, small molecules, proteins, cells) can be realized, which shows great potential for application in disease diagnosis. Therefore, this paper focuses on classical CHA, modified CHA, and several cascade reactions based on the CHA strategy with other isothermal enzyme-free amplification methods, and briefly reviews their applications in disease diagnosis. In addition, the challenges and application prospects of current CHA strategies in disease diagnosis are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aortic calcification is a common diabetes complication, increasing the risk of cardiovascular disease and contributing significantly to higher mortality rates in diabetic patients. A comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms involved in diabetes-related aortic calcification and early imaging evaluation of aortic calcified plaques in diabetic patients are crucial for delaying its onset and progression. This article provides a review of the latest findings in these two areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regular premenopausal endometrial withdrawal bleeding can avoid the occurrence of endometrial cancer. However, when the endometrium cannot be completely withdrawn, the risk of endometrial lesions begins to appear. However, due to the physiological characteristics of menstruation, it is allowed to change within a certain range. This range will be the most important basis for clinical differentiation and prevention of endometrial cancer. In this paper, the menstrual correlation characteristics of endometrial cancer are summarized into three categories: menstrual pattern, female sex hormone and endocrine metabolism. The research progress is reviewed, and the viewpoints and conclusions of different literatures on this topic are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Despite a series of clinical treatment measures, the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis still faces challenges. In recent years, mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles have attracted extensive attention as an emerging therapeutic strategy and are considered to be a promising means of treating pulmonary fibrosis. OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the application of mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, to comprehensively understand their therapeutic mechanism, efficacy evaluation and problems, and provide reference and guidance for further research and clinical application in the future. METHODS: Using Chinese and English search terms “mesenchymal stem cells”, “ mesenchymal stem cell extracellular vesicles”, “pulmonary fibrosis”, we searched the CNKI and PubMed electronic journal databases. By means of manual reading and eliminating duplicate articles, 112 articles were selected, but 58 Chinese and English articles were finally included for summary. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicles have shown great potential in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis, such as regulating inflammatory responses, inhibiting fibroblast proliferation, and promoting damaged tissue repair. Preliminary results from clinical trials have also shown some effects of the treatment, including improved lung function and quality of life in patients. (2) However, mesenchymal stem cells and extracellular vesicles in the treatment of pulmonary fibrosis still face some challenges. During treatment, technical challenges such as cell migration and intrachistological localization need to be addressed for it to accurately reach the damaged lung tissue. Furthermore, its long-term safety also needs to be further studied and improved. For translational medicine development, standardized procedures such as cell collection, cell isolation, cell culture, cell harvesting, and cell identification need to be refined. (3) Despite these challenges, through the joint efforts of scientific researchers and medical personnel, these problems are expected to be gradually solved. In the future, we can further improve treatment outcomes by optimizing treatment regimens and exploring individualized treatments. At the same time, in-depth research on the therapeutic mechanism of stem cells and their extracellular vesicles is expected to develop more efficient and safe therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Engineering Mechanics / Gongcheng Lixue is the property of Engineering Mechanics Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Geriatric frailty is a complex syndrome faced by the elderly, which is characterized by the decrease of physiological reserve and imbalance of multiple organ systems, which leads to the decrease of selfstability ability, the weakening of daily activity ability and the decline of quality of life. With the aging of the population, frailty is gradually becoming a public health problem that threatens the health of the elderly, seriously affecting the quality of life and clinical outcomes of the elderly. The pathogenesis of geriatric frailty is a complex process, including inflammatory response, cell senescence, intestinal flora disorder, insulin resistance, neuroendocrine disorders and other effects. This article reviews the pathogenesis of frailty in the elderly, and provides clues and basis for identifying risk factors for frailty, formulating corresponding prevention and intervention strategies, delaying frailty in the elderly, and improving the quality of life of the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is one of the most common chronic respiratory diseases, which seriously threatens people's life, health and quality of life, and imposes a heavy burden on the patients as well as their families and society. Strengthening health education and management for people at high risk of developing COPD and implementing reasonable and effective preventive measures are important means of preventing and controlling COPD, which can not only reduce the risk of developing COPD in high-risk groups, but also reduce unnecessary medical consumption and save social resources. This article reviews the progress of health management in COPD high-risk population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pre-eclampsia, which mostly occurs often after 20 weeks of gestation, severely affects maternal and fetal health and is a major cause of increased maternal and perinatal mortality worldwide. Therefore, it is important to explore biomarkers that can expedite the diagnosis of preeclampsia. Establishing a diagnostic model for preeclampsia in early and mid-pregnancy is a top priority for reducing maternal and infant mortality. In this article, we review the pathogenesis of pre-eclampsia and the clinical application of angiogenic markers such as placental growth factor, with the aim of improving the early diagnosis of pre-eclampsia and reducing the risk of maternal complications and perinatal morbidity and mortality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macrophages, as one of infiltrating immune cells, are closely related to the tumour microenvironment (TME), and they possess remarkable plasticity, transforming into phenotypes with opposite effects under different stimuli. Exosomes as carriers of biological information, are rich in activity and can fulfil the mutual communication between cells. Studies have shown that cancer cell-derived exosomes can carry biological information from source cells to regulate macrophage function and influence the TME by mediating macrophage polarisation, which in turn affects tumour progression. Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)-associated macrophages are a group of macrophages existing in the tumour immune microenvironment, influencing various malignant behaviours of hepatocellular carcinoma cells and the immune escape state within the tumour, which in turn affects the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma. In this paper, we reviewed the role of exosome-mediated macrophage polarisation in the TME of hepatocellular carcinoma to provide new directions for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the continuous deepening of the reform of China's healthcare system.society's expectations for nursing services are increasing day by day, and the quality of nursing work needs to be continuously improved. At present, the quality control circle model has been widely applied in China, especially in the quality management of the medical field. Because this model is spontaneously formed by grassroots employees and division of labor and cooperation are carried out, responsibility is assigned to individuals. When it is used in the nursing field, it can not only quickly solve problems in clinical nursing work, but also strengthen the cooperation between teams, improve the professional ability and comprehensive quality of the team, so as to achieve the purpose of improving the quality of work, ensuring the safety of patients, promoting the rehabilitation of patients and improving the satisfaction of patients' nursing. This article reviews the concept of quality control circle nursing model, the effect of the quality control circle nursing model on stroke patients, and the application status of the quality control circle nursing model in stroke patients. The problems of quality control circle nursing model in stroke patients were analyzed and suggestions were put forward. The tangible and intangible results of the application effect of quality control circle nursing mode in stroke patients were summarized in order to further improve the clinical nursing quality of the quality control circle nursing model for stroke patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic non-specific recurrent inflammatory disease of the gastrointestinal tract. The emergence of antitumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α) monoclonal antibody has greatly improved the prognosis of IBD patients, but also increased the risk of active tuberculosis. China is a country with high burden of tuberculosis and clinicians should attach great importance to the risk of tuberculosis caused by anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody. This paper reviews the mechanism of latent tuberculosis infection and reactivation, the risk of tuberculosis caused by anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody, and the diagnosis and treatment recommendations of domestic and foreign guidelines. It is expected to provide some references for IBD patients with latent tuberculosis infection when using anti-TNF-α monoclonal antibody. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcific aortic valve disease (CAVD) is a common acquired valvular heart disease that may cause heart failure and sudden cardiac death. However, there is currently no effective interventions to prevent or slow down the CAVD. Recent studies have found that lipoprotein a [Lp(a)] is closely related to the occurrence and development of CAVD. This article reviews the mechanism, clinical research, and potential therapeutic targets of Lp(a) and CAVD, in order to improve the understanding of the clinical prevention and treatment of Lp(a) and CAVD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stroke is the disease with high morbidity, disability and mortality worldwide. The bloodbrain barrier (BBB) is an important functional structure that maintains the stability of the microenvironment in the brain and is disrupted in the early stages of stroke, which is a major complication of stroke and exacerbates the damage to brain tissue caused by stroke. At the same time, the degree of structural and functional integrity of the BBB is a key predictor of the risk of hemorrhagic transformation after thrombolytic therapy and thrombectomy after stroke, and an important therapeutic target for preventing further brain damage in acute stroke. This article reviews the relevant studies on BBB structure, function, ischemic injury changes, and potential therapeutic targets in recent years to provide ideas for further knowledge and understanding of ischemic stroke BBB changes and protective drug development. This article reviews the relevant studies on BBB structure, function, ischemic injury changes and potential therapeutic targets in recent years to provide ideas for further knowledge and understanding of BBB changes in ischemic stroke and protective drugs development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNAs (miRNA) is a class of non-coding single-stranded RNAs with length of about 19-25 nucleotides, which can completely or incompletely bind to the 3'ntranslated region (3'UTR) of the tar- get gene, inhibit the translation of messenger RNAs or promote its degradation, and exert post-transcriptional regulatory effects. At present, it has been found that the expression of miR-324-5p is abnormal in a variety of malignant tumors, and miR-324-5p regulates the proliferation, invasion, metastasis and apoptosis of cancer cells by acting on different target genes in different tumors, showing either oncogenic or pro-oncogenic effects. This article reviews the important biological functions and related mechanisms of miR-324-5p in malignant tumors, aiming to provide new ideas for the development of malignant tumor-related markers and effective therapeutic targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The secondary prevention management of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China is facing many challenges and opportunities. Internet + smart healthcare is an important starting point for proactive prevention and control of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and improving medical quality in the new era. The use of the "four-in-one, three-level linkage" home-based digital health service model of can help to upgrade chronic disease management from extensive to fine, and ensure that patient compliance changes from passive to active. The application of the theory of " Comprehensive treatment" in traditional Chinese medicine to guide the practice of secondary prevention can provide patients with more feasible and accessible intervention measures, improve their medical experience after illness, and enhance the overall compliance of secondary prevention. By integrating the classical theory of traditional Chinese medicine and modern information technology, in order to form an intelligent secondary prevention and management model for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases with the characteristics of traditional Chinese medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: More and more studies have shown that oxidative stress should play an important role in the treatment of osteoporosis. Oxidative stress should cause the accumulation of oxidation activity, which will damage bone-related cells. Finally, it causes the imbalance of bone resorption and bone formation, resulting in a decrease in bone volume and the destruction of the slight structure. Research in recent years has found that some natural products can regulate oxidative stress to treat osteoporosis. The characteristics of extensive sources and small side effects have obvious advantages in the treatment of osteoporosis, and the efficacy is objective. OBJECTIVE: To discuss the mechanism of natural product regulation of oxidation stress in treatment of osteoporosis, conduct a review based on the latest related research progress, provide reference and ideas for more natural products to treat osteoporosis in the future, and provide data support for the clinical application of natural compounds in the treatment of osteoporosis. METHODS: "oxidative stress, free radical, antioxidant, phytotherapy, plant extracts, medicinal plants, herbal medicine, osteoporosis, bone density, bone loss" were used as the keywords in PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, Cochrane, VIP, CBM, WanFang, and CNKI databases to search relevant articles published from January 2010 to February 2023. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were developed, and 64 relevant articles were selected by reading titles, abstracts, and full texts. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) Some natural products have antioxidant effects and can regulate osteogenic differentiation, osteoblast bone matrix mineralization, osteoclast-mediated bone resorption, proliferation, differentiation, activity, and apoptosis of bone-related cells by improving oxidative stress, thus affecting bone metabolism. (2) These natural products with antioxidant effects play a role in treating osteoporosis by improving bone remodeling balance. (3) The research on the combination of a variety of natural products to improve osteoporosis remains to be explored. (4) The use of natural products to regulate oxidative stress may become a powerful weapon for the clinical treatment of osteoporosis in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a refractory disease in the field of orthopedics. There is no definitive idea to fully explain its pathogenesis. With the increased research on the active ingredients of Panax notoginseng interfering with the signaling pathways related to various diseases, the active ingredients of Panax notoginseng that treat steroid-induced necrosis of the femoral head via the regulation of relevant signaling pathways have gradually become a hot research topic. OBJECTIVE: To systematically summarize the literature on the pathological mechanism of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head and the regulation of signaling pathways by the active ingredients of Panax notoginseng in recent years, thereby providing a reference for the follow-up study on the active ingredients of Panax notoginseng in the treatment of this disease. METHODS: CNKI, WanFang, and PubMed were searched for relevant literature with the key words of “glucocorticoid, steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head, pathological mechanism, signaling pathway, Panax notoginseng, active ingredient” in Chinese and English. Documents related to the pathological mechanism of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head as well as related to the intervention of active ingredients of Panax notoginseng on the signaling pathway of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head were retrieved. A total of 63 documents were finally included according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The main ingredients of Panax notoginseng include Panax notoginseng saponins, ginsenoside, Panax notoginseng saponins, quercetin, kaempferol, etc. Panax notoginseng saponins, ginsenoside Rb1 and quercetin can promote bone repair and angiogenesis by acting on the transforming growth factor-β/bone morphogenetic protein pathway. Panax notoginseng saponins, ginsenoside CK and kaempferol can promote osteogenic differentiation and lipid metabolism by acting on the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Panax notoginseng saponins and Panax notoginseng saponins R1/R2 act on the MAPK pathway to inhibit osteoclastogenesis and promote bone repair. Panax notoginseng saponins, ginsenoside Rb2 and quercetin can inhibit osteoclast proliferation and promote osteoblastic differentiation by acting on the RANKL/RANK/OPG pathway. Panax notoginseng saponins, quercetin and kaempferol can repair vascular injury and promote osteogenesis by acting on the hypoxia-inducible factor-1α pathway. Panax notoginseng saponins R1, quercetin combined with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles, Panax notoginseng saponins combined with polyethylene-L-lactic acid and other biomaterials have good research prospects in the treatment of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The active ingredients of Panax notoginseng can regulate the signaling pathways related to steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head through various mechanisms, and play an active intervention role in the disease. However, the depth and breadth of relevant research are insufficient at present, and the future research should be based on the existing mechanism to explore the specific mechanism of Panax notoginseng regulating different pathways and the interaction between pathways, which will be beneficial to the multi-development of the active ingredients of Panax notoginseng in the treatment of steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is a common disease that seriously threatens human life and health, characterized by rapid progression, complexity and variability, and multiple complications. SAP can lead to intestinal microbiota imbalance and intestinal mucosal barrier dysfunction in the early stages. Traditional Chinese medicine has shown unique advantages in regulating gut microbiota and has become a potential method for treating intestinal microbiota imbalance in SAP. The article reviews the research progress of traditional Chinese medicine in treating SAP from the perspective of gut microbiota. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stroke is characterized by high incidence rate, high mortality and high disability rate. Hemiplegia is a common sequela after stroke, which will bring negative effects on patients' activity ability and limb stability and reduce their quality of daily life. Lower limb orthotics have been proven to have therapeutic effects on lower limb hemiplegia after stroke. They can effectively limit ankle plantar flexion, knee joint reflexion and flexion, thereby further accelerating patient walking speed, improving walking stability, and ultimately achieving gait optimization. The article reviews the application research of lower limb orthotics in the rehabilitation of hemiplegic patients after stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pyroptosis is an important link in the development of diabetes nephropathy (DKD). The inflammation and cell damage caused by it are closely related to renal fibrosis, glomerulosclerosis and tubular damage. In depth research on the potential molecular mechanisms of pyroptosis and inflammasome signaling pathways may become a new approach for the prevention and treatment of DKD. The clinical effect of traditional Chinese medicine in preventing and treating DKD is significant, as it exerts a protective effect by affecting the cell pyroptosis pathway. The article reviews the molecular mechanisms of cell pyroptosis and DKD,as well as the research progress in traditional Chinese medicine intervention, providing important guidance for further exploration of the pathogenic mechanism of cell pyroptosis and the treatment of DKD with traditional Chinese medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Blood lipids are crucial for maintaining normal physiological homeostasis, and their levels are closely related to the occurrence, development, and metastasis of cardiovascular diseases and cancer. Statins are commonly used drugs to regulate blood lipids, resist inflammation, protect vascular endothelium, and prevent platelet aggregation. Their anti-tumor effects and effects are also receiving widespread attention. The article reviews the relationship between blood lipid levels and four common tumors, as well as the mechanisms of statin drugs in regulating blood lipid levels and anti-tumor effects. Statins have the potential to play a greater role as tumor drugs in tumor treatment, while also regulating blood lipid levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Esophageal tumors are common digestive tract tumors worldwide, and surgical treatment is the main treatment for resectable esophageal cancer. However, the incidence of postoperative complications is high, with anastomotic fistula being the most common and serious complication, with a high mortality rate. In order to reduce the incidence of postoperative anastomotic fistula in esophageal cancer, it is necessary to identify high-risk populations for postoperative anastomotic fistula in esophageal cancer early on and intervene in risk factors. The article reviews the risk factors for postoperative anastomotic fistula in esophageal cancer from three aspects: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]