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目的 总结外泌腺螺旋腺瘤 (ES) 的组织病理特点, 为ES的病理诊断提供参考。方法 回顾性分析13例ES 患者的组织病理学资料。结果 ES患者的皮损主要表现为皮下包块或结节, 表面皮肤隆起, 颜色呈红色、蓝色、浅褐 色, 直径范围0. 8～2. 5 cm, 切面实性, 部分有包膜。组织病理学检查结果：肿瘤位于真皮内, 边界清晰呈分叶状, 由较 小的、核圆形深染的暗细胞及较大的、胞质淡染的明细胞组成, 呈结节状、小叶状及条索状伴有导管分化, 部分病例见 扩张的血管。免疫组化结果：明细胞：CK7 (+), 导管分化区域EMA (+), CEA (-)；暗细胞：S-100、SMA (+)；p53 (-), Ki-67增殖指数低。PAS染色基底膜样物 (-)。13例患者随访3~168个月, 均未见复发转移。结论 ES组织病理特点 表现为肿瘤边界清晰呈分叶状, 由较小的、核圆形深染的暗细胞及较大的、胞质淡染的明细胞组成, 呈结节状、小叶状 及条索状伴有导管分化；免疫组化染色示明细胞CK7 (+), 暗细胞S-100、SMA (+)。ES诊断主要依据组织病理学检查。 关键词：皮肤附件肿瘤；外泌腺螺旋腺瘤；病理诊断；免疫组织化学染色 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common endocrine disorders in women, but its pathogenesis is unknown. Current researches suggested that the disease may be influenced by a variety of factors, including epigenetic and environmental factors. In recent years, the incidence of PCOS has been increasing, leading to a decline in the quality of life of patients. Therefore, it is necessary to actively explore new treatments. Post-translational modification (PTM) is an important way to regulate protein function. Most studies have found that phosphorylation is closely related to insulin resistance of PCOS, acetylation is mainly focused on the quality of PCOS oocytes, and methylation is closely related to PCOS lipid metabolism. Exploring the role of PTM in the occurrence and development of PCOS may provide new ideas for targeted treatment of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The equivalent effects of initial temperature and dilution ratio on premixed combustion of natural gas in the constant volume combustion bomb are studied. The initial pressure pu and equivalence ratio  are set to be 0.3 MPa and 1.0 in experiment, respectively, and the ball type flame extension method by high speed schlieren photography is used in the experiment. Stretched flame propagation velocity Sn, unstretched flame propagation velocity SL, Markstein length Lb, laminar combustion velocity uL and NOx emission are analyzed in detail. The results show that SL, flame development duration and combustion duration are nearly identical, but the laminar burning velocity uL has a big difference at the operating points that have similar Sn value. The influence of dilution ratio on SL and uL is greater than that of initial temperature when the dilution ratio is small. Further research finds that the temperature difference ΔTu= 50 K has equivalent effect on combustion process compared with dilution ratio ΔDR=2%. Under the boundary conditions of the similar Sn, the NOx emission is lower under the conditions of higher initial temperature and dilution ratio compared with the smaller initial temperature and dilution ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of atmospheric pressure, unburned mixture temperature and equivalence ratio on the sec-butanol-air laminar flow combustion were investigated by the smear method and the spherical flame diffusion method. The coupling effects of environmental parameters and equivalence ratio on the unstretched laminar burning propagation velocity and the change value, change rate and ratio of change rate of unstretched laminar burning propagation velocity were mainly analyzed. The results show that the larger the pressure is, the smaller the variation of unstretched laminar propagation velocity is under the coupling of ambient pressure and equivalent ratio. The ratio of change rate of unstretched laminar burning propagation velocity is increased with the increasing of equivalence ratio with downward trend for the equivalence ratio around 1.10. When the equivalence ratio is less than 1.05, the low pressure environment has greater influence on the laminar flow combustion. Under the coupling of ambient temperature and equivalence ratio, the propagation velocity of unstretched flame is more affected by higher ambient temperature when the equivalence ratio is in the range from 0.75 to 1.15. When the equivalence ratio is less than 0.85 or greater than 1.45, the equivalent ratio has great influence on the rate of non-tensile laminar flow combustion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common female reproductive endocrine disorder that is related with various factors including epigenetic and environment. Long non-coding RNA (lncRNA), with more than 200 nucleotides, are a kind of RNA molecules that do not code proteins. LncRNA can affect the expression of gene through epigenetic modification, transcriptional and post-transcriptional regulation. As a kind of competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA), lncRNA can affect the expression of target gene by competitively binding microRNA (miRNA). As a new regulatory mechanism, it can play an important role in many biological processes such as cell proliferation and differentiation, inflammatory response and immune response, which is closely related to many diseases. The ceRNA hypothesis also provides a further understanding of the mechanism of PCOS. Recently, the studies of lncRNA in PCOS significantly increased. The lncRNA differentially expressed in PCOS can involve as ceRNA in ovarian granulosa cell proliferation, oocyte maturation as well as hormone synthesis, and play an potential role in the development of PCOS. In this review, we summarize the roles of lncRNA as ceRNA in the occurrence and development of PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the constant volume combustion bomb, the effects of equivalence ratio (0.7～1.6), initial temperature (400, 430 and 460 K) and initial pressure (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 MPa) on butanol-air premixed laminar combustion were investigated by the ball type flame extension method with high speed schlieren photography technology. Several key parameters of laminar combustion of laminar combustion velocity, flame propagation velocity and stretch rate were analyzed in detail. The results show that the stability of flame front becomes worse with the increasing of fuel-air equivalence ratio, while the flame propagation velocity and the laminar burning velocity of unstretched flame are increased firstly with latter decreaseing. Both the flame propagation velocity and the unstretched laminar burning velocity are increased with the increasing of initial temperature, while the stability of flame front is decreased. The unstretched laminar burning velocity and the flame propagation velocity are decreased with the increasing of initial pressure, and the stability of flame front is deteriorated. In addition, the elongation of flame front surface is decreased with the increasing of flame propagation velocity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The eight-level spectrum of torque is established by using the stochastic loading history of torsion shaft of military vehicles on various types of standard road surface. In consideration of the randomness of factors such as material performance, and fatigue influence coefficient, etc.,the durability model is built by applying fatigue reliability theories. An optimization model, which takes the maximum durability of torsion shaft as the objective function when a vehicle travels for 6 000 km, is built based on the constraints such as rigidity reliability, structure dimension and so on. The approach that introduces the double-loop strategy for durability object conversion and the single-loop strategy for reliability bounds conversion is presented for this optimization model. The high computing accuracy of object value and the high efficiency of optimal computation are obtained. The results show that the durability of torsion shaft is improved obviously. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oocyte quality is one of the determining factors of successful assisted reproductive technology (ART) outcome. It is beneficial to establish a simple and reliable evaluation system of oocyte quality for improving the success rate of ART. Newly developed metabolomics is expected to provide a new method for evaluating oocyte quality. At present, metabolomics has been used in many relevant studies of female reproduction. By the qualitative and quantitative analysis of small and medium-sized molecules in oocytes, granulosa cells and follicular fluid samples, researchers have identified a variety of symbolic metabolites related to female infertility, which are involved in the metabolism of carbohydrate, lipid, amino acid and other substances. These studies have showed the potential application of metabolomics in the diagnosis and treatment of infertility. We review the research progress in the metabolomics of mammalian follicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most common reproductive endocrine diseases in women of childbearing age, and the incidence of PCOS increased year by year. The clinical manifestations of PCOS are highly heterogeneous, leading to different degrees of decline in the life quality of patients. There is growing evidence that PCOS may be a complex polygenetic disease with strong epigenetic and environmental influences. Some studies conducted high -throughput sequencing or gene chip analysis on ovarian tissues and placental tissues of PCOS patients found multiple differentially expressed circRNA, such as hsa_circ_0006877, hsa_circ_0118530. These differentially expressed circRNA may affect oocyte development and reproductive endocrine balance through their involvement in the ovarian granulosa cell proliferation and apoptosis, androgen synthesis and release. This article reviews the role of circRNA in the occurrence and development of PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The accuracy of nuclear data affects reactor safety and is of great significance in the process of reactor core physics calculations. In order to study the influence of different nuclear databases on the effective multiplication factor of the critical calculation results, the five latest international evaluation nuclear databases ENDF/B-VIII.0, JENDL5, JEFF3.3, BROND3.1 and CENDL3.2 based on the nuclear data processing program NJOY21 were produced, 119 critical benchmark models specifically was selected for nuclear data examination, and MCNP6.1 was used to carry out the criticality calculations. The influence of nuclear databases on the critical calculation was determined by statistically analyzing of the ratio of the deviation between the calculation results and the benchmark experiment results to the uncertainty of the benchmark experiment, and its three characteristic quantities. The results show that the accuracy of the critical calculation results using the ENDF/B-VIII.0 nuclear database is higher, whereas the BROND3.1 and CENDL3.2 nuclear databases show large errors in the critical calculation process, and data analysis reveals that the main reason for this is that the BROND3.1 and CENDL3.2 nuclear databases lack the thermal neutron scattering cross-section data S (α,β). The thermal neutron scattering cross section data S (α,β) from the ENDF/B-VIII.0 nuclear database was imported for critical simulation into the BROND3.1 and CENDL3.2 nuclear databases, and the calculation results were significantly improved. Therefore, it is recommended that the thermal neutron scattering cross-section data S (α,β) be improved as soon as possible in future nuclear data evaluation work in order to improve the accuracy of the nuclear database in the process of reactor physics calculations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fertilization is the first step of a new life, in which a diploid zygote is formed by the fusion between the sperm haploid genetic material and the ovular haploid genetic material. The process of mammalian fertilization involves a series of complex and delicate activities, such as sperm hyperactivation and capacitation, acrosome reaction and sperm-egg binding. Sperm acrosome is a special membrane organelle with a cap-like structure that covers the anterior part of the sperm nucleus, which plays a key role in the process of fertilization. Acrosome formation mainly includes vesicle formation, vesicle transport, vesicle fusion, and the binding of acrosome to the nucleus, etc. The unique protein transport mechanism requires the coordination of endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus and other organelles as well as some special structures. Acrosome formation is a key step in the transformation of a spermatid into a spermatozoon, which is finely regulated by multiple genes. Defects in acrosome formation are associated with a variety of male infertility, including globozoospermia. This review summarizes the sequence of major biological events during sperm acrosome development and the related proteins, and introduces the recent research on the role of autophagy-related proteins in acrosome development, in order to provide new ideas for the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main risk factors of recurrent spontancous abortion (RSA) include genetic, anatomical and endocrine factors, infection, immune dysfunction, pre-thrombotic state, systemic diseases of pregnant women and environmental factors. Clinical studies have shown that sperm quality is closely related to embryo development potential. The sperm-related factors of RSA, a variety of abnormalities in traditional semen parameters, sperm function parameters and sperm DNA / chromatin integrity, were reviewed, which provides a reference for clinical diagnosis and treatment of RSA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

female infertility, was characterized by oligo-ovulation, anovulation and hyperandrogenism. In addition, PCOS is a risk factor of endometrial hyperplasia, type II diabetes, hypertension and dyslipidemia. Treatment with metformin (MTF) is effective to PCOS patients. However, there are gastrointestinal side effects, hypoglycemia and the increased level of serum homocysteine in some PCOS patients treated with MTF for long term. N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) is an acetylated variant of L-cysteine containing sulfhydryl groups. It has been showed that NAC can decrease the levels of serum androgen and free testosterone, decline the insulin resistance, work as an euglycemic agent, decrease the level of reactive oxidative stress (ROS) in body, and eventually play a role in ovulation induction in women with PCOS. In recent years, more and more studies have showed that NAC could have some supportive curative efficacy in PCOS patients. Here we review the role and mechanism of NAC in the treatment of PCOS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To examine the deformation law of overlying strata in the excavation of the working face, BOTDA is applied to the three-dimensional model test. The three-dimensional model, internally embedded with three vertical optical fibers, which measures 3 600 mm (L)by 2 000 mm (W)by 2 000 mm (H),simulates the excavation of the working face 60 times with a cumulative advance of 2 400 mm. And 180 groups of Brillouin frequency shift test data of the three-distributed optical fibers are obtained. The concept of average variation of distributed optical fiber frequency shift is proposed to evaluate the initial weighting and period weighting in the working face, and the optical fiber frequency shift is used to characterize the deformation and collapse of the overlying strata. A comparison is made on the test results with those of the internal displacement indicating that the average variation of the distributed optical fiber frequency shift is an accurate reflection of the deformation, pressure and changes of the overlying strata, and that the popularization and application of this technology may provide a reliable basis for intelligent mining in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quantitative reliability assessment of a MEMS-based safety and arming (MEMS S&A) device in fuze is performed based on the structural design and simulation. The structural design of MEMS S&A is then improved and verified through experiment. A primary design of MEMS S&A device is presented. The functional requirements of the key structures in the device are proposed according to the operating environment of small-caliber munition fuzes. Finite element (FE) simulation is adopted to evaluate the design. The structural reliability simulation method based on FE simulation and its implementation procedures are proposed, which can help to quantify the reliability of the device. An efficient CAE software integration method using ANSYS as an example is presented to facilitate the repetitive FE-based calculations. The reliability of the key structures of the device is evaluated, where the randomness of loading, geometric parameters and material properties are taken into account. The significant factors are also identified for further structural improvements. A prototype of MEMS-based S&A device is manufactured, which is delivered to centrifugal experiments. Experimental results demonstrate the feasibility of the design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on the frequently-used engineering methods for fatigue life prediction and the performance measure approach, a reliable fatigue life model is built, and a set of methods for reliable life prediction and sensitivity analysis are proposed. By expressing fatigue life as the function of random variables, the reliable life prediction problem is converted into a spherical constraint optimization problem which can be solved using performance measure approach, and then the reliable life can be gotten directly. Moreover, the sensitivity factors for each random variable and deterministic variable can be calculated by using some intermediate variables in life prediction. The proposed method is demonstrated with a torsion shaft example. The results show that the proposed method has high efficiency and precision, and the different parameters have much different influences on reliable life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fish feeding is a key process in fishery industry. With the advancement of fishery modernization, traditional manual feeding has been replaced by mechanized feeders. But most of existing feeders are designed for pellet feed, which are not quite suit for carnivorous aquatic species such as weevers, groupers, squids etc. Those species mainly feed frozen little fishes and shrimps called fresh feed. Taking Sepia pharaonis for example, the intensive droppoints of fresh feed caused by traditional feeders will make squids to fight for food and result in injury and death. Such phenominon highly raises the cost and reduces the production efficiency. In this study, the design idea of feeder with discrete casting for fresh feed was put forward. Firstly, in order to ensure that the feeder had a good effect on discrete droppoints of fresh feed, the multi-stage casting mode was specially designed. In this mode, the casting speed, direction and elevation angle of feeder can be adjusted in real time, which maked the droppoints of fresh feed relatively uniform and not gather in small area. In addition, to ensure feeding automation, the feeder was equiped with Siemens PLC and MCGS touching screen as the control core and human machine interface for user to adjust and monitor above running parameters. The static analysis of the electric pusher was done to ensure the necessary maximum load. And the complex-vector method was used to calculate the relation curve between running time of electric pusher and elevation angle to realize the accurate control of casting elevation angle. The relationship between elevation angle and pusher running time was close to the straight line. Furthermore, MATLAB was used to simulate the droppoints of the multi-stage casting mode and determine running parameters in the mode and the test was held in squid breeding site to confirm the basic performance and effect of the casting mode. The multi-stage casting mode test results showed that the feeder could realize the discrete casting with longitudinal casting distance range from 1.8 to 8.0 m, crosswise casting distance range from 0 to 3.9 m, the casting area 26 m2 . And this mode can cover 81.2 % of 8 m×4 m indoor breeding pool. Since the test was held in dry pool and fresh feed slide in the ground, the casting area was greater than that shown in the simulation of 17.95 m² . The performance test results showed that the average feed breakage rate was 3.3% when the rotating speed of the feeding machine was less than 900 r/min, while the rotating speed was higher than 900 r/min the breakage rate increased rapidly. Therefore, the maximum effective throwing distance was 10.5 m in speed of 900 r/min. The results showed the feeder and multi-stage casting mode were effective to realize the discrete casting with relatively uniform droppoint distribution, which reduced the behavior of fighting for food to death. The study can provide references for feeders design and discrete feeding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are many uncertain factors in the amount of artificial feeding, which cause the waste of bait easily, moreover, a huge labor cost. The author briefly introduces the research status of automatic feeding machine at home and abroad, and points out that the existing quantitative feeding machine cannot take both the structural simplicity and functional perfection into account. Aiming at the complex structure and expensive price of the volume quantitative baiting machine, the author studies and designs a simple baiting machine for marine crabs. In the modern factory circulating aquaculture system, each crab is placed in separate baskets. Its amount of feeding and feeding time are strict, which needs to be adjusted according to the weight and food intake of the crabs. As a result, the designed feeding machine must have a stepless adjustment according to the real-time status of the breeding objects with the ability that can vary the amount of bait, simple structure, stable performance and easy maintenance. Therefore, based on the principle of variable volume method, this paper designs an automatic feeding system for single-cage culture sea crabs with a strong anti-interference ability, which overcomes the shortcoming that the accuracy of quantitative weighing method is susceptible to vibration. The author introduces the basic structure and basic working principles of this system. The whole feeding system consists of hopper, rack, lower barrel, lower barrel, motors, Scissor mechanism and control system. When the MCU sends the start command, the upper and lower valves remain closed, and the material level photoelectric sensor detects whether the storage hopper has material. If there is material, the upper motor moves to open the valve plate between the storage hopper and the lower barrel, and the baits fall into the lower barrel. After the barrel is filled with bait, the upper valve plate is closed and the lower valve plate is opened for feeding, when the single chip transmits a signal for adjusting the amount of the feed, the middle motor operates to change the total volume of the lower cylinder by varying the height of the lower barrel, thereby realizing variable quantitative feeding. The programming controller (microcontroller) performs automatic control, and the touch screen realizes human-computer interaction operation. Then with combination of theoretical calculation, the paper determines the relationship between different quantitative volumes and motor control time. The second chapter optimizes the scissor lift mechanism to obtain the most efficient initial angle. The article also designs the control system, introduces the composition of the control system and the selection of the execution motor, details the operation of the control system during the work process, and briefly introduces the hardware of the human-computer interaction interface. Combined with automatic feeding system control circuit of the mater controller, it realizes the intelligent control of the entire automatic feeding system, leads to the system to be more convenient and intelligent. As for software, an interactive software is designed to implement functions such as parameter setting, working status, historical data query, and help interface, which helps new users quickly master the use of the feeding machine. Based on the automatic feeding systems for single basket of crabs breeding, the author experimented in Xinyi fresh aquatic Ltd. (Xiangshan, Ningbo) to test the function of casting bait at accurate time and quantity. After experiment, the performance test of the precision error of the feeding system shows that the design scheme is effective and feasible. On the premise of precise time point, the system can control the average error of feeding accuracy to less than 8%, which meets the needs of Marine crabs farming in factory. The test results show that the overall design scheme of the system is effective and feasible within the allowable error range of the factory aquaculture industry, especially in the case of a large feeding amount. To achieve automation and intelligent farming of factory-based aquatic products, reduce farming costs and improve the quality of marine crabs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To evaluate the effect of failure mode correlations on the mechanical system reliability， a system reliability analysis method and its implementation procedures were proposed based on FORM approximation. FORM was used to calculate the reliabilities and sensitivities of all the failure modes in the system， and then the failure mode correlation coefficient matrix for determining how they are correlated was obtained. The solving of the system reliability model was converted to the integration of multivariate normal distributions， and the efficient approximation algorithm was used to get reliability degree. The definition of failure mode sensitivity and the corresponding calculation method were proposed based on the numerical difference， as well as the definition of random parameter sensitivity and its calculation method through the composite derivative theorem. The results demonstrated the efficiency of the proposed method for quantifying the mechanical system reliability with failure mode correlations， and also the feasibility for identifying the key failure modes and random parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of reliability sampling inspection program for the success or failure products is an issue to be solved in reliability test. Meta-heuristic algorithm provides a new idea to solve the problem. Cuckoo search algorithm is a new meta-heuristic algorithm, and has been widely used in many fields because of its simplicity but efficiency. A model for reliability sampling inspection program is developed to minimize the risk. The mechanism of the cuckoo search algorithm is expounded. For the local search efficiency of the algorithm, an adaptive detection probability is proposed to balance the global search and local search efficiencies. The result of a case study reveals that the proposed method is feasible and effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]