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"Chemical Communications" is a journal published by The Royal Society of Chemistry, focusing on various topics in the field of chemistry. The latest issue includes articles on organic molecular design for sodium-ion batteries, chemistries on the cell membrane, advancements in flexible biomechanical energy harvesting, and recent developments in cancer therapy using nanomaterials. The journal also features research on terpene synthases, biochar functionalization, CO2 electroreduction, and electron transfer in molecular photocatalysts. [Extracted from the article]

Cu4I4 cubane-type secondary building units are reticulated with a piperazine linker at room temperature to crystallize the metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) Cu4I4(Pip)2 in a non-centrosymmetric P6222 space group. For the first time, cubane cluster type MOF's strong piezoelectric nature has been studied by switching spectroscopy piezo force microscopy (SS-PFM) and piezo force microscopy (PFM) mapping of the crystal, with piezoelectric constant (d33) ∼52.33 pm V−1, highlighting its potential for mechanical energy harvesting processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, four new cuprous iodide hybrid materials 1–4 were synthesized at room temperature using two types of ligands: imidazoles and triphenylphosphine. Photoluminescence results showed that all the materials exhibited blue emissions with high internal quantum yields (IQYs) ranging from 51% to 64%. Surprisingly, the introduction of triphenylphosphine induced strong aggregation-induced emission (AIE). Additionally, the luminescence lifetimes of these materials were significantly longer, ranging from 11.53 μs to 24.33 μs, which is much longer than those of previous materials. These findings suggest that these materials could be potential candidates for non-rare earth element (REE) lighting phosphors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sulfone-infused AIE-active 2-D manganese-porphyrin-based microporous COF (Mn-P) has been synthesized through a C-S coupling reaction. This process involved reacting manganese(II) tetra(p-bromophenyl) porphyrin with sulfur powder, using a catalytic amount of benzotriazole and copper iodide, under an inert nitrogen atmosphere at 100°C for 10–11 h. Mn-P has been used as a potential candidate for photocatalytic investigation due to its favorable optical and electrochemical band gap (1.78 eV). The size distribution study shows a narrow and uniform microporous structure with an average pore diameter of 1.80 nm along with ∼20.23 m2/g surface area. In the presence of sunlight as well as in aerobic conditions, the Mn-P proved its efficient photocatalytic role in the oxidative construction of N-S bond and the generation of 1,2,4-thiadiazole in excellent yield (93–97%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite nanofibres of copper (II) with various polymer matrices have been frequently reported. However, due to the lack of solubility of the Cu(I) moieties, Cu(I) electrospinning has proved more challenging. The objective of this study was to find a route to and prepare nanofibres containing copper iodide. This investigation describes the successful electrospinning of composite nanofibres of copper iodide (CuI) and polystyrene (PS) using a combination of two solvents to provide critical spinning conditions. The electrospinning solution was prepared by combining dimethylformamide (DMF) as the main solvent for PS and triethylamine (TEA) as a cosolvent; this mediates the dissolution of CuI. Electrospinning was accomplished under different parameters such as PS concentration, CuI concentration, and applied voltage. The outcome of the process was colored and smooth nanofibres that underwent analysis using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X‐ray (EDX), X‐ray diffraction (XRD) and inductively coupled plasma ‐ mass spectrometry (ICP‐MS). The analysis findings emphasized the importance of the electrospinning parameters, specifically the concentration of PS and the applied voltage on successful fiber generation. However with control of these conditions composite nanofibres of CuI‐PS with uniform distribution of nanoscale crystallites of CuI can be successfully produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The copper‐catalyzed Chan–Evans–Lam (CEL) coupling reaction advances carbon–heteroatom cross‐coupling and has facilitated the development of radiohalogenation methodologies in radiochemistry. This study investigated the mechanisms and side reactions of CEL iodination under conditions relevant to radiosynthesis and typical organic synthesis, focusing on the effects of sodium iodide. The concentrations of copper and iodide, as well as the copper‐to‐iodide ratio, were identified as significant factors for successful copper‐mediated CEL iodination, influencing the reaction mechanisms and side reactions. Excess iodide relative to the copper salt led to the formation of poorly soluble iodinated copper(I) complexes that competed with that of the desired aryl iodide. Additionally, the predominant copper complex involved in the catalytic cycle differed between the early and late stages of the reaction, depending on the copper‐to‐iodide ratio. The results of this study indicate that the specialized radiosynthesis conditions meet the requirements for efficient CEL iodination. In particular, an extremely low concentration of iodide is optimal for CEL iodination. These in‐depth mechanistic insights not only provide a detailed comparison of CEL iodination across radiochemistry and synthetic organic chemistry but can also inspire the development of novel (radio)iodination methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a copper iodide catalyst immobilized on layered double hydroxides and covered with a 1,3-benzenedisulfonylamide ligand was successfully synthesized. This catalyst was used for the eco-friendly synthesis of various substituted imidazole derivatives through a one-pot three-component reaction, demonstrating remarkable activity and selectivity. Key benefits of this approach include high product yields, rapid reaction kinetics, low reaction temperature, solvent-free conditions, generation of novel products, and straightforward purification methods. Additionally, the catalyst exhibits simple recyclability (up to 4 cycles), further enhancing its practical appeal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sb2(S, Se)3 is a promising photocathode for photoelectrochemical (PEC) conversion of solar energy to hydrogen due to its excellent optoelectronic properties, stability, and low toxicity. For such applications, a p–i–n device architecture is favorable for efficient charge separation, with the p‐type layer improving hole extraction while the n‐type layer facilitates electron injection into the electrolyte for hydrogen evolution reaction. However, the lack of suitable p‐type layers for depositing a uniform layer of Sb2(S, Se)3 photocathode constrains the device architectures for PEC water splitting. In this work, various p‐type materials (e.g., NiO, CuS, and CuI) are investigated. Photocathodes fabricated on CuI demonstrate superior performance due to improved hole extraction and uniform growth of Sb2(S, Se)3 absorber layer. The Se/S ratio is adjusted to further fine‐tune the photocathode's absorption, influencing the efficiency of charge carriers' injection and separation. The overall PEC performance reaches the maximum value when Se/S = 20%, achieving up to 4.2 mA cm−2 with stable photocurrents sustained for 120 min under standard illumination conditions, achieving the highest‐reported photocurrent among S‐rich‐solution‐processed Sb2(S, Se)3 photocathodes. In this work, new avenues are opened for the design of p–i–n Sb2(S, Se)3 PEC devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of low‐cost and earth‐abundant phosphors for substituting expensive noble metals and toxic lead materials is currently of major importance for sustainable solid‐state lighting technologies. Hybrid copper halide materials are currently receiving considerable attention due to their unique and diverse structural and photophysical properties combined to their low cost and toxicity. This article reports the rational design of copper iodide compounds for developing single‐component white light emitters. By a ligand engineering strategy, the energy layout of the molecular clusters can be adjusted and the variation in the relative intensity of two emission bands can be obtained, enabling white light to be emitted. Temperature dependence of this dual‐emission feature also allows high contrast luminescence thermochromism. Thanks to their good solubility properties, the studied copper iodide clusters have been successfully incorporated within organic polymer leading to polymer materials with processability suitable for application development. Therefore, the potential applicability of these composite materials has been demonstrated in various fields as luminescence ratiometric thermometry, single‐component emitters for phosphor‐converted white‐light emitting diodes, and as ink for anticounterfeiting properties. This study highlights the power of the ligand design strategy to develop high potential multifunctional materials based on light‐emitting copper materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A series of 21 novel compounds based on noscapine were synthesized and investigated as potential anticancer therapeutics. These new compounds were prepared from the N-demethylation of noscapine followed by the three-component A3-coupling of N-nornoscapine as a secondary amine, an aldehyde and a terminal alkyne catalyzed by copper iodide (CuI). Two classes of derivatives were synthesized by applying phenylacetylene and propargyl alcohol as the alkyne moiety. Chemical structures of the products were confirmed by 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and HR-MS. In vitro cytotoxicity of the synthesized derivatives was studied on MCF-7 breast cancer cell line treated with different doses of compounds for 48 h. Compounds 6l, 6n and 6h (IC50 = 18.94, 19.29 and 32.11 µM, respectively) displayed the highest potency compared to that of noscapine (IC50 = 36.38 µM). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Development of efficient, low‐cost, robust, and structure tunability electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is one of the main subjects of present study in renewable energies. In this work, two new cuprous iodide coordination polymers (Cu‐CPs) containing bisbenzimidazole‐derived ligand, namely, {[Cu2(L1)(μ2‐I)2]·DMF}n (1) and {[Cu(L2)0.5(μ2‐I)]·DMF} (2) (L1 = (2,2′‐(1,3‐propanediyl)‐6,6′‐bis(3‐methylpyridine)bis‐1,3‐benzimidazole); L2 = (2,2′‐(1,4‐butanediyl)‐7,7′‐bis(3‐methylpyridine)bis‐1,3‐benzimidazole); DMF = dimethyl formamide), were prepared under solvothermal conditions and structurally characterized. Single‐crystal structural analysis showed that although two Cu‐CPs have a one‐dimensional (1D) chain backbone structure, the coordination environment of cuprous is different. It is found that different coordination modes of ligands L1 and L2 lead to different coordination environments of central ions in two cuprous CPs. Electrocatalytic HER of modified electrodes (CP‐1~2/glassy carbon electrode [GCE]) prepared by coating the mixed solution of acetylene black, CPs 1–2, and Nafion on the surface of GCE was investigated in 0.5 M H2SO4 electrolyte. The HER measurements show that the overpotential η10293K of CP‐1~2/GCE positively shifted 113 and 74 mV compared with bare GCE (blank electrode, −930 mV), and the Tafel slope of bare/GCE and CP‐1~2/GCE were 298, 101, and 138 mV dec−1, respectively. The results indicate that CP‐1~2/GCE could effectively catalyze and accelerate the HER behavior, with electrocatalytic activity order being CP‐1/GCE > CP‐2/GCE > bare/GCE. The higher HER activity of the CP‐1/GCE can be attributed to that the coordination deformability of cuprous ion in CP 1 is greater. Furthermore, the recognition performance of CP‐1~2/GCE for glucose was further studied by chronoamperometry in 0.1 M NaOH. The two sensors can detect glucose in a linear range from 1 μM to 4 mM with sensitivities of 13.736 and 18.945 μA mM−1, and also revealed long‐term stability and good selectivity. These results indicate that cuprous CPs deserve further investigation as potential electrocatalyst candidates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vinylaziridines are important building blocks in organic chemistry, especially in the synthesis of nitrogen‐containing heterocycles. The direct and efficient transfer of an appropriate nitrogen source to readily accessible conjugated dienes is a notable methodology. The Pd‐catalyzed oxidative 1,2‐difunctionalization of conjugated dienes through a π‐allyl‐palladium species should be an ideal method for the selective synthesis of vinylaziridines. However, this method faces the challenge of regioselectivity, often resulting in 1,4‐difunctionalization instead. In this study, we developed a Pd‐catalyzed aerobic 1,2‐difunctionalization of conjugated dienes via a π‐allyl‐palladium species to achieve regio‐, site‐ and stereo‐selective aziridination under the synergistic effects of PdII, CuI, I−, and O2. The π‐allyl palladium species formed in the system undergoes an unusual iodination process, leading to the formation of an allyl iodide intermediate. Subsequently, the vinylaziridine is obtained through intramolecular SN2′ substitution of the allyl iodide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ternary cuprous (Cu+)‐based metal halides, represented by cesium copper iodide (e.g., CsCu2I3 and Cs3Cu2I5), are garnering increasing interest for light‐emitting applications owing to their intrinsically high photoluminescence quantum yield and direct band gap. Toward electrically driven light‐emitting diodes (LEDs), it is highly desirable for the light emitters to have a high structural dimensionality as it may favor efficient electrical injection. However, unlike lead‐based halide perovskites whose light‐emitting units can be facilely arranged in three‐dimensional (3D) ways, to date, nearly all ternary Cu+‐based metal halides crystallize into 0D or 1D networks of Cu−X (X=Cl, Br, I) polyhedra, whereas 3D and even 2D structures remain mostly uncharted. Here, by employing a fluorinated organic cation, we report a new kind of ternary Cu+‐based metal halides, (DFPD)CuX2 (DFPD+=4,4‐difluoropiperidinium), which exhibits unique 2D layered crystal structure. Theoretical calculations reveal a highly dispersive conduction band of (DFPD)CuBr2, which is beneficial for charge carrier injection. It is also of particular significance to find that the 2D (DFPD)CuBr2 crystals show appealing properties, including improved ambient stability and an efficient warm white‐light emission, making it a promising candidate for single‐component lighting and display applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of transparent thermoelectric materials, particularly at low processing temperature possesses a good promise for future power generation by renovating waste heat into electrical energy. The fabrication of invisible thermoelectric module is hindered by limited choices of appropriate p-type transparent thermoelectric materials so far. The present study deals with the growth and characterization of optically transparent p-type copper iodide (γ-CuI) thin films. Thermal annealing (maximum up to 200 °C) was performed to tune the electrical and optoelectronic properties for nurturing the thermoelectric performance. Annealing induced microstructural modifications instigated the preferential crystal growth by regulating the surface morphology. Low thermal conductivity is credited to strong phonon scattering leading to improved thermoelectric performance. Consequently, we attain a record Seebeck coefficient of ∼270 μV/K and power factor of ∼20 μW/(m·K2) that is almost two-order of magnitude higher as compared to conventional p-type transparent TE materials, indicating the potential of transparent γ-CuI thin films regarding its practical applicability in transparent thermoelectric devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both CuI and CuI:Zn semiconductor thin films, along with MSM-structured UV photodetectors, were prepared on flexible mica substrates at low temperature (150 °C) by a wet chemical method. The two CuI-based films exhibited a polycrystalline phase with an optical bandgap energy close to 3.0 eV. Hall effect measurements indicated that the CuI thin film sample had p-type conductivity, while the CuI:Zn thin film sample exhibited n-type conductivity, with the latter showing a higher carrier mobility of 14.78 cm2/Vs compared to 7.67 cm2/Vs for the former. The I-V curves of both types of photodetectors showed asymmetric rectification characteristics with rectification ratios at ±3 V of 5.23 and 14.3 for the CuI and CuI:Zn devices, respectively. Flexible CuI:Zn devices exhibited significantly better sensitivity, responsivity, and specific detectivity than CuI devices both before and after static bending tests. It was found that, while the optoelectronic performance of flexible CuI-based photodetectors degraded under tensile stress during static bending tests, they still exhibited good reproducibility and repeatability in their photoresponses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the increasing awareness of the hazards associated with ammonia (NH3) contamination and the potential application of NH3 detection in physical health monitoring, the exploration of high‐performance NH3 sensors has attracted significant attention in recent years. In this paper, we prepared copper iodide (CuI) nanomaterials combined with CuI‐isopropanolamine (C3H9NO) complexes by dissolving CuI in C3H9NO and subsequent annealing. The resulting product demonstrated exceptional sensing performance to 0.15 (mole fraction) NH3, exhibiting a maximum response of 7.5×105 with a response time of 5 s. The achieved detection limit was 10 ppm. Our findings provide a valuable reference for further research on NH3 sensors utilizing complexes formed by copper compounds and organic amines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The luminescence property of various compounds is developed in the photoelectric applications field, while the near‐infrared (NIR) dual‐band emission of compounds is extremely challenging. Herein, 0D Cu(I)‐based organic–inorganic module (ETA)3Cu6I9 is synthesized to achieve NIR and cyan dual‐band emission in metal halide systems. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations combined with comprehensive spectroscopic data reveal its emission mechanism. Under the excitation at 371 nm, (ETA)3Cu6I9 shows the broadband NIR emission peaking at 775 nm with a large wavelength, attributed to the triple‐cluster‐center (3CC) transition. Meanwhile, under 286 nm excitation, (ETA)3Cu6I9 shows a bright cyan emission peaking at 490 nm, attributed to the metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer (MLCT) or halide‐to‐ligand charge transfer (XLCT) transitions. Moreover, (ETA)3Cu6I9 presents relatively superior thermal and air stability. Benefiting from the good stability of (ETA)3Cu6I9, the as‐fabricated NIR‐LED device demonstrates great potential in biological imaging and night vision. This study opens up a new way for designing new non‐toxic NIR and cyan dual‐band emission materials, which guides to synthesize new materials in metal halide field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thermoelectric (TE) energy harvesting presents a viable method for reducing energy waste by transforming waste thermal energy into electricity. In this study, we fabricated copper iodide (CuI) composites using synthesized CuI nanowires (NWs) and particles to enhance TE performance in the low-temperature range. The Seebeck coefficient (S) was notably higher when a combination of CuI particles and NWs was used, reaching a maximum S of 1614.24 μV K−1 with a 60% NWs content at RT. Electrical conductivity (σ) exhibited an inverse correlation with S, with higher values detected when either particles or NWs were used only. The highest power factor (PF) of 128.44 μW m−1K−2 was recorded at RT with 60% NWs content, demonstrating improved TE performance. Thermal conductivity (κ) diminished when different material structures were employed, enhancing phonon scattering. The maximum figure of merit (ZT) achieved was ∼0.14 with 60% NWs content at 425 K, indicating the potential of this method for improving TE performance. This study offers valuable insights into optimizing TE performance using CuI composites, proposing a promising strategy for energy harvesting from low-temperature sources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both copper (Cu2+/+) and iodine (I−) are essential elements in all living organisms. Increasing the intracellular concentrations of Cu or I ions may efficiently inhibit tumor growth. However, efficient delivery of Cu and I ions into tumor cells is still a challenge, as Cu chelation and iodide salts are highly water-soluble and can release in untargeted tissue. Here we report mitochondria-targeted Cu-I cluster nanoparticles using the reaction of Cu+ and I− to form stable bovine serum albumin (BSA) radiation-induced phosphors (Cu-I@BSA). These solve the stability issues of Cu+ and I− ions. Cu-I@BSA exhibit bright radioluminescence, and easily conjugate with the emission-matched photosensitizer and targeting molecule using functional groups on the surface of BSA. Investigations in vitro and in vivo demonstrate that radioluminescence under low-dose X-ray irradiation excites the conjugated photosensitizer to generate singlet oxygen, and combines with the radiosensitization mechanism of the heavy atom of iodine, resulting in efficient tumor inhibition in female mice. Furthermore, our study reveals that BSA protection causes the biodegradable Cu-I clusters to release free Cu and I ions and induce cell death by modulating mitochondrial function, damaging DNA, disrupting the tricarboxylic acid cycle, decreasing ATP generation, amplifying oxidative stress, and boosting the Bcl-2 pathway. Efficient delivery of copper and iodine ions into tumor cells is promising for boosting the antitumor effect but elusive. Here the authors report a mitochondrial-targeted copper-iodide nanoparticles for the cancer treatment in which copper and iodide ions induce cell death by modulating mitochondrial functions under low-dose Xray irradiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper iodide organic‐inorganic hybrid materials have been favored by many researchers in the field of solid‐state lighting (SSL) due to their structural diversity and optical adjustability. In this paper, three isomeric copper iodide cluster hybrid materials, Cu4I6(L)2(1), Cu5I4.5Cl2.5(L)2(2) and Cu5I7(L)2) (3) (L=1‐(4‐methylpyrimidin‐2‐yl)‐1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octan‐1‐ium), were achieved by adjusting the reaction conditions. The crystal color transit from green, yellow to orange and the internal quantum yield (IQY) increase from 57 %–88 %. All three complexes have good thermal stability, good solution processability, and high quantum yield. And origin and mechanism of luminescence of complexes were further studied. This study can provide ideas and theoretical basis for the regulation of cuprous iodide cluster luminescent materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The generation and applications of carbon-sulfur (C-S) bonds in numerous natural and medicinal products have led to the development of efficient techniques for C-S bond creation. Thiohydantoin is a privileged scaffold for biological activities, which has aroused our interest in developing the C-S bond formation by clubbing it with another nucleus. Herein, we have developed a C-S bond between thiohydantoin and phenyl nucleus with elemental sulfur and aryl halides using copper(I) iodide as catalyst. Optimization has been carried out using various catalyst loadings, base, temperature and solvent. The reaction is highly effective with broad functional group tolerance and affords yield in good to better range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Efficient charge generation is essential for tandem organic light-emitting diode (OLED) devices. In this study, we introduce a p-type copper iodide (CuI) layer within the charge generation layer (CGL) that exhibits high charge generation efficiency in tandem OLED devices. Briefly, CuI is deposited as a thin layer via thermal evaporation technique. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis reveals the formation of γ-CuI, and the ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectral analysis demonstrates outstanding optical transparency (∼95%) of the deposited CuI films in the visible range. The current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) analyses show that the p-type CuI layer is a vital and excellent charge generator and enhances the current density significantly. The tandem OLED device fabricated using Bphen:Liq/CuI/HAT-CN as the CGL results in a substantial 1.9-fold increase in current efficiency compared to the single-unit OLED device, approaching the theoretical two-fold increase. These findings highlight the potential of CuI as a promising p-type material for CGL design in tandem OLED devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inspired by the human brain's capacity as a powerful biological computer capable of simultaneously processing a vast array of cognitive tasks, many emerging artificial synapse devices have been developed in recent years. Electric-double-layer (EDL) transistors based on interfacial ion-modulation have attracted widespread attention for simulating synaptic plasticity and neural functions. Here, low-voltage EDL p-type thin-film transistors (TFTs) are fabricated on glass substrates, with Ni-doped cuprous iodide (Ni0.06Cu0.94I) as the channel and chitosan as the dielectric. The electrical performance of the Ni0.06Cu0.94I TFTs is investigated: current on/off ratio of 6.4 × 104, subthreshold swing of 33 mV/dec, threshold voltage of 1.38 V, operating voltage of 2 V, and saturation field-effect mobility of 15.75 cm2 V−1 s−1. A dual in-plane gate OR logic operation is demonstrated. Importantly, by applying single voltage pulses, dual voltage pulses, and multiple voltage pulses to the gate, the Ni0.06Cu0.94I transistors exhibited typical synaptic characteristics, including short-term potentiation, short-term depression, long-term potentiation, long-term depression, paired-pulse facilitation, and spiking-rate-dependent plasticity. Furthermore, the synaptic transistor can also simulate the learning–forgetting–relearning process of the human brain. These remarkable behaviors of voltage-stimulated synaptic transistors have potential for neuromorphic applications in future artificial systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a neutral copper iodide hybrid with unique Cu3I3 trimeric inorganic functional unit is successfully fabricated using 5,6,7,8‐tetrahydroquinoxaline (L) with large steric‐hindrance group as the organic ligand. The hybrid owns a one‐dimensional (1D) extended polymeric structure in the form of Cu3I3(L)2. As a CuI‐based hybrid, 1D‐Cu3I3(L)2 has an infrequent far‐red/near‐infrared emission, exhibiting the potential application prospects in the field of display and night vision. Moreover, the luminescence mechanism is carefully studied by decay lifetime measurement and calculation of density of states, which is verified to be the combination of metal‐to‐ligand charge transfer and halide‐to‐ligand charge transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a simple method to prepare diverse benzimidazolium and imidazolium ionic liquids (ILs) from common starting materials imidazole and benzimidazole. These green ILs promote the synthesis of N‐substituted piperazinyl propargylamines via a versatile CuI‐catalyzed coupling of aldehydes, secondary amines, and alkynes under ultrasound. Remarkably, the method works across a broad range of substrates, including diversely substituted aldehydes, heterocycles, cyclic amines, and phenylacetylenes. To understand this versatility, we investigated the influence of IL structure (N‐substitution, anion) on reactivity. Symmetrical long‐chain substituents on the benzimidazolium cation and bromide (Br−) anions led to the most efficient propargylamine formation. This approach offers a sustainable and efficient route to propargylamines with minimal waste and catalyst/IL recyclability over five cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To foster student's research acumen and innovative abilities, and to deepen their comprehension of inorganic cluster compounds and fluorescent properties, a comprehensive experiment focusing on the synthesis of a cuprous iodide coordination polymer and its application in fluorescent detection of nitrites is designed. This experiment employs a nano-precipitation technique for the preparation of cuprous iodide coordination polymer. Various analytical methods, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-visible spectrophotometry, and fluorescence spectrophotometer, were utilized to characterize the material's structure and properties. The investigation into the polymer's fluorescence in detecting nitrites revealed high selectivity and sensitivity, with a detection limit of 3.73 µmol∙L-1, positioning the material as a viable "on-off" fluorescence probe for nitrite detection. Through this experiment, students can not only gain the deeper understanding of the structure of cluster polymers and the frontiers of fluorescence detection, but also learn the fundamental knowledge and operational skills in analytical instruments like UV-visible spectrophotometer, fluorescence spectrophotometer. This groundwork is essential for their future engagement in scientific research and related professional activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tin sulfide (SnS) absorbers have received considerable attention for their application in highly efficient, inexpensive, and stable thin-film solar cell (TFSC) technology. The present study reports the performance enhancement in the SnS-based TFSC by incorporating an antimony sulfide (Sb2S3) as a hole transport layer (HTL) between the absorber and rear electrode. The SCAPS-1D (solar cell capacitance simulator in one dimension) was utilized to modify the conventional SnS solar cell and to investigate the performance parameters of the proposed heterojunction nickel (Ni)/antimony sulfide (Sb2S3)/SnS/cadmium sulfide (CdS)/fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO)/aluminum (Al) solar device. Different HTLs including Sb2S3, copper iodide (CuI), and nickel oxide (NiOx) were investigated to determine the most effective HTL for SnS solar cells. The performance of the proposed TFSC was also examined by varying the thickness, carrier concentration, bulk defect density, temperature, metal work function, and cell resistance. Power conversion efficiency of 30.47% with open-circuit voltage (Voc) of 1.02 V, short-circuit current density (Jsc) of 34.34 mA/cm2, and fill factor (FF) of 87.25% were achieved for the optimized heterojunction SnS cell structure. These findings suggest that the low-toxicity Sb2S3 can be effectively employed as an HTL in highly efficient and low-cost SnS TFSCs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carrier-selective contacts (CSCs) for high-efficiency heterojunction solar cells have been widely studied due to their advantages of processing at relatively low temperatures and simple fabrication processes. Transition metal oxide (TMO) (e.g., molybdenum oxide, vanadium oxide, and tungsten oxide) thin films are widely used as hole-selective contacts (HSCs, required work function for Si solar cells > 5.0 eV). However, when TMO thin films are used, difficulties are faced in uniform deposition. In this study, we fabricated a copper (I) iodide (CuI) thin film (work function > 5.0 eV) that remained relatively stable during atmospheric exposure compared with TMO thin films and employed it as an HSC layer in an n-type Si solar cell. To facilitate efficient hole collection, we conducted iodine annealing at temperatures of 100–180 °C to enhance the film's electrical characteristics (carrier density and carrier mobility). Subsequently, we fabricated CSC Si solar cells using the annealed CuIx layer, which achieved an efficiency of 6.42%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mechanochromic luminescence materials have recently attracted increasing interest due to its promising applications, but the intensive inquiry of the mechanochromic luminescence mechanism is still insufficient. Herein, an in‐depth study of mechanochromic luminescent copper iodide complexes exhibiting ligand detachment and structural transformation is reported. The yellowish–green emissive CuI(dmpz) (dmpz = 2,6‐dimethylpyrazine) is ground into orange–red emissive CuI(dmpz)0.5 and the detailed structural transformation process is revealed by the thorough analysis of the crystalline structure before and after grinding. More importantly, new insight into the mechanochromic luminescence mechanism is proposed, that is, under the external force of grinding, the dmpz ligand detachment triggers the structural transformation from 1D chain to 2D network, which leads to the reduction of band gap energy and contraction of Cu─Cu bonds, together resulting in the red shift of luminescence ultimately. Moreover, the two complexes are also found to have thermochromic luminescence properties, attributing to their thermally activated delayed fluorescence process. The anti‐counterfeiting application of CuI(dmpz) is tentatively explored, demonstrating the favorable application prospect of CuI(dmpz). This study provides new insights involved in the mechanochromic luminescence mechanism of copper iodide complexes, and may provide a new understanding for rational molecular design and structural regulation of intelligent responsive luminescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Semiconductor heterostructures are the core of various advanced electronic devices. Herein, the successful fabrication of CuI films has been reported using the thermal evaporation (TE) method. With the help of the TE technique, copper iodide (CuI) was grown over Si substrates to form CuI-based heterostructures. CuI has p-type semiconductor properties, which can be a potential candidate for future optoelectronic devices. The CuI/Si heterostructures have been fabricated at argon (Ar) gas flow rates of 25, 50, 75, and 100 sccm, respectively. The structural, compositional, morphological, electrical, and optical properties were investigated. According to x-ray diffraction (XRD) results, CuI films have exhibited a polycrystalline nature, having lattice parameters of a = b = c = 6.03 Å, with a prominent characteristic peak at 25.5° corresponding to the crystallite (111) plane. The FESEM and AFM results revealed that CuI films have granular surface morphology. The Hall effect measurement revealed the p-type nature of the grown CuI film, having a carrier concentration of ~ 1019 cm−3 for all four conditions of gas flow, and the highest mobility has been obtained to be 8.90 cm2 V−1 s−1. The I–V measurements have shown the rectifying nature of the CuI/Si heterojunctions and good response toward UV light illuminations. The PL spectroscopy indicated the intense blue emission bands (413 nm), whereas the band broadening appeared for the red region (726 nm), and the right shifting occurred for a lower Ar flow rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pursuit of p-type semiconductors has garnered considerable attention in academia and industry. Among the potential candidates, copper iodide (CuI) stands out as a highly promising p-type material due to its conductivity, cost-effectiveness, and low environmental impact. CuI can be employed to create thin films with >80% transparency within the visible range (400–750 nm) and utilizing various low-temperature, scalable deposition techniques. This review summarizes the deposition techniques for CuI as a hole-transport material and their performance in perovskite solar cells, thin-film transistors, and light-emitting diodes using diverse processing methods. The preparation methods of making thin films are divided into two categories: wet and neat methods. The advancements in CuI as a hole-transporting material and interface engineering techniques hold promising implications for the continued development of such devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copper iodide (CuI) has garnered considerable attention as a promising alternative to p‐type transparent conducting oxides owing to its low cation vacancy formation energy, shallow acceptor level, and readily modifiable conductivity via doping. Although sulfur (S) doping through liquid iodination has exhibited high efficacy in enhancing the conductivity with record high figure of merit (FOM) of 630 00 MΩ−1, solution‐processed S‐doped CuI (CuI:S) for low‐cost large area fabrication has yet to be explored. Here, a highly conducting CuI:S thin‐film for p‐type transparent conducting electrode (TCE) is reported using low temperature solution‐processing with thiourea derivatives. The optimization of thiourea dopant is determined through a comprehensive acid‐base study, considering the effects of steric hindrance. The modification of active groups of thioureas facilitated a varying carrier concentration range of 9 × 1018–2.52 × 1020 cm−3 and conductivities of 4.4–390.7 S cm−1. Consequently, N‐ethylthiourea‐doped CuI:S exhibited a FOM value of 7 600 MΩ−1, which is the highest value among solution‐processed p‐type TCEs to date. Moreover, the formulation of CuI:S solution for highly conductive p‐type TCEs can be extended to CuI:S inks, facilitating high‐throughput solution‐processes such as inkjet printing and spray coating. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A highly efficient, heterogeneous copper(I)-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of primary aliphatic, allylic, propargylic and benzylic alcohols to aldehydes has been achieved under open-air and base-free conditions in MeCN at room temperature in the presence of 3 mol% of 1,1-di(pyridin-2-yl)urea-functionalized SBA-15-anchored copper iodide complex [Dpu-SBA-15-CuI] and 4 mol% of TEMPO, delivering a wide range of the corresponding aliphatic, α,β-unsaturated and aromatic aldehydes in good to excellent yields. This new heterogeneous copper(I) complex can be easily prepared via a simple procedure from readily available and inexpensive reagents and recycled at least ten times without any remarkable loss of activity. The use of reusable copper catalyst and air as the oxidant, as well as mild and base-free conditions make this protocol attractive for environmentally sustainable processes. A highly efficient, heterogeneous copper(I)-catalyzed aerobic oxidation of primary aliphatic, allylic, propargylic and benzylic alcohols to aldehydes under open-air and base-free conditions is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work involved designing a solar cell with layers of fluorine-doped tin oxide, titanium dioxide, methylammonium tin bromide, and cuprous iodide. The impact of absorbent layer thicknesses ranging from 0.2 μm to 2.5 μm on developed PSC properties was examined. The thickness of the absorption layer that performs the optimally is discovered to be 0.2 μm. The synthetic solar cell provided an open circuit voltage of 1.07 V, a short circuit current of 34.356 mA/cm², an efficiency of 30.68%, and a fill factor of 83.404 at an optimal thickness of 0.2 μm. The findings proved the developed PSC's cost-effectiveness, increased environmental sustainability, and robustness compared to traditional counterparts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The photoluminescence (PL) of cuprous iodide (CuI) has drawn significant attention in the scientific community. In order to investigate the growth methods and environmental conditions on the fluorescence, we first prepared CuI via immersion of copper in hydroiodic acid. This method is beneficial for the growth of large grains (> 20 μm) with intensive red fluorescence emission at 708 nm. The fluorescence has a high quantum yield (34 %), and superior stability. Then we studied the fluorescence behaviors in water. We observed fluorescence quenching, which is due to the energy transfer. Additionally, we studied the effect of temperature on the fluorescence. We found that the fluorescence intensity increased initially then decreased as the temperature increased. The underlying mechanism was analyzed in terms of fluorescence quencher (water) removal and thermal quenching. By controlling heating, we successfully obtained intensive and pure red fluorescence. Finally, we explored the potential application of the red fluorescent of CuI in optical communication. The results demonstrate bit error rates within permissible range of forward error correction, highlighting the superior performance of CuI in optical communication systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All-inorganic cesium copper halide nanocrystals have attracted extensive attention due to their cost-effectiveness, low toxicity, and rich luminescence properties. However, controlling the synthesis of these nanocrystals to achieve a precise composition and high luminous efficiency remains a challenge that limits their future application. Herein, we report the effect of oleylammonium iodide on the synthesis of copper halide nanocrystals to control the composition and phase and modulate their photoluminescence (PL) quantum yields (QYs). For CsCu2I3, the PL peak is centered at 560 nm with a PLQY of 47.3%, while the PL peak of Cs3Cu2I5 is located at 440 nm with an unprecedently high PLQY of 95.3%. Furthermore, the intermediate-state CsCu2I3/Cs3Cu2I5 heterostructure shows white light emission with a PLQY of 66.4%, chromaticity coordinates of (0.3176, 0.3306), a high color rendering index (CRI) of 90, and a correlated color temperature (CCT) of 6234 K, indicating that it is promising for single-component white-light-emitting applications. The nanocrystals reported in this study have excellent luminescence properties, low toxicity, and superior stability, so they are more suitable for future light-emitting applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To tailor electrical properties of often degenerate pristine CuI, Ni is introduced as alloy constituent. Cosputtering in a reactive, but also in an inert atmosphere as well as pulsed laser deposition (PLD), is used to grow NixCu1−xI$\left(\text{Ni}\right)_{x} \left(\text{Cu}\right)_{1 - x} \text{I}$ thin films. The Ni content within the alloy thin films is systematically varied for different growth techniques and growth conditions. A solubility limit is evidenced by an additional NiI2(H2O)6$\left(\text{NiI}\right)_{2} \left(\left(\text{(H}\right)_{2} \text{O)}\right)_{6}$ phase for Ni contents x≥0.31$x \geq 0.31$, observed in X‐Ray diffraction and atomic force microscopy by a change in surface morphology. Furthermore, metallic, nanoscaled nickel clusters, revealed by X‐Ray photoelectron spectroscopy and high‐resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), underpin a solubility limit of Ni in CuI. Although no reduction of charge carrier density is observed with increasing Ni content, a dilute magnetic behavior of the thin films is observed in vibrating sample magnetometry. Further, independent of the deposition technique, unique multilayer features are observed in HRTEM measurements for thin films of a cation composition of x≈0.06$x \approx $. Opposite to previous claims, no transition to n‐type behavior was observed, which was also confirmed by density functional theory calculations of the alloy system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Starting from readily available enantiopure azidomethyl‐substituted bicyclic 1,2‐oxazine derivatives and mono‐, di‐ or trialkynes, their copper‐catalyzed (3+2) cycloadditions furnished a series of 1,2,3‐triazolyl‐linked compounds in good yields. These click reactions proceeded smoothly at room temperature when copper iodide as catalyst was used in the presence of triethylamine and tris[(1‐gbenzyl‐1H‐1,2,3‐triazol‐4‐yl)methyl]amine as ligand. Generally, the unprotected bicyclic 1,2‐oxazine derivatives seemed to show slightly higher reactivity and provided better yields compared with their silyl‐protected counterparts. Exhaustive hydrogenolysis with cleavage of the 1,2‐oxazine N−O bonds in the presence of palladium on charcoal as promotor is feasible but was found to be capricious. Reasonable results were obtained when acetic acid was employed as cosolvent. By applying these conditions, several of the bicyclic 1,2‐oxazine derivatives were successfully converted into the expected mono‐ or divalent aminooxepine derivatives which can be regarded as aminoseptanose mimetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a new inorganic lead‐free perovskite, cesium copper iodide (CsCu2I3) has attracted wide attention in the field of photodetectors due to its non‐toxicity, good air and thermal stability, and excellent optoelectronic properties. However, the random growth and disordered distribution of CsCu2I3 crystals during their preparation results in poor crystal quality, seriously limiting their applications. Highly ordered CsCu2I3 crystal formation with high crystal quality for high‐performance photodetectors remains a major challenge. Here, an ingenious nanoimprinting technology is utilized to obtain high‐performance photodetectors based on highly aligned CsCu2I3 nanowires (NWs). Owing to the high crystal quality, the photodetector exhibits excellent responsivity of 12.35 A W−1 (310 nm) and 89.73 mA W−1 (365 nm), respectively, as well as good polarization light detection with a dichroism ratio of up to 2.28. Additionally, the device on a flexible substrate retains its initial level of performance even after being bent 2000 times. Remarkably, the device exhibits superior stability and maintains excellent performance after being placed in the natural environment for 1 month without any encapsulation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, tin halide perovskite solar cells (PKSCs) have emerged as a promising alternative to lead‐PKSCs. However, due to defects such as Sn4+ and iodide vacancies, their efficiency is lower than lead‐PKSCs. To address this issue, various strategies are proposed to improve the quality of perovskite, including copper iodide (CuI) doping. Unfortunately, the conventional solvent composition of DMF:DMSO = 4:1 has limited the solubility of CuI, resulting in inconsistent results and limited efficiency improvements. However, this research proposed a preprocessing method of CuI to decrease the defects and improve the perovskite layer's morphology. As a result, the efficiency of tin‐PKSCs with both P‐I‐N and hole transport layer (HTL) free structures is enhanced, increasing from 9.8% to 13.1% and 9.4% to 10.5%, respectively. Moreover, the doped tin‐PKSCs have exhibited better stability, retaining 75% of their initial power conversion efficiency (PCE) after being stored in a glovebox for 102 days. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-voltage electric double layer p-type thin film transistors (TFTs) were fabricated on glass substrates with copper iodide doped with potassium iodide (Cu0.95K0.05Ix) as the channel and chitosan as the dielectric. Cu0.95K0.05Ix TFTs exhibited Ion/Ioff ratio of 2.5 × 104, subthreshold swing of 30 mV/dec, threshold voltage of 1.34 V, operating voltage of 2 V, and saturation field-effect mobility of 16.6 cm2 V−1 s−1. The relaxation phenomenon induced by ion migration was effectively utilized, enabling Cu0.95K0.05Ix TFTs to simulate various synaptic plasticity functions. When a pulse is applied, the drain current reaches a peak, but it takes more time for the current to return to its equilibrium position after the pulse is removed, demonstrating the short-term memory (STM) characteristics of Cu0.95K0.05Ix TFT. It was observed an increasing trend in excitatory postsynaptic current (EPSC) with enhanced pulse width and amplitude, and when the pulse amplitude increased to −10 V, the TFT transitioned from STM to long-term memory characteristics. Furthermore, the measurement of consecutive EPSC revealed the paired-pulse facilitation (PPF) characteristics, with a gradual decrease in the PPF coefficient as the time interval increased, and a selective stronger response to high-frequency signals. Based on the aforementioned research, by extending the device structure to a dual in-plane-gate structure configuration and applying different pulse voltage sequences on the dual gate, the NOR logic functionality was achieved. The study demonstrates the significant potential of p-type Cu0.95K0.05Ix TFTs in the field of synaptic bionics, simulating human learning and memory, and neural chips. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel copper iodide hybrid compound, (DABCO-H)CuKI3, featuring a perovskite structure is here reported. Characterization techniques, including single crystal X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and photoluminescence studies, elucidate the structural and luminescent properties. The compound exhibits blue phosphorescence, attributed to mixed metal-to-ligand and halide-to-ligand charge transfer transitions, as supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations and XPS valence band analysis. Furthermore, (DABCO-H)CuKI3 displays a remarkable adsorption capacity towards methylene blue dye. Kinetic modelling reveals that both film and intra-particle diffusion processes contribute to the adsorption rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Perovskite solar cells came to limelight owing to their simple fabrication processes, cost-effectiveness, better optoelectronic characteristics and outstanding power conversion efficiencies (PCEs). These solar cells have simply outpaced their rival cells since the alteration from aqueous hole transport layers (HTLs) to solid HTLs. Various layers of a perovskite cell viz. light absorber layer, electron transport layer (ETL) and HTL play a decisive role in ascertaining its performance. Today, various types of organic and inorganic HTLs are available but inorganic HTLs have gained an upper hand over their organic counterparts in terms of stability, cost, fabrication and material properties which represent them as a prospective candidate for optimum perovskite device. Copper antimony sulfide (CuSbS 2) is a common HTL available in abundance with the benefit of an adequate bandwidth of 1.54 eV. In addition, CuSbS2 possesses substantial band aligning and electron inhibiting features. This research paper elaborates a relative study of two perovskite solar devices possessing discrete inorganic hole transport layers, i.e., cuprous iodide (CuI) and copper antimony sulfide (CuSbS 2) , and discrete perovskite layers, i.e., MAPbI 3 − x Cl x and MASnI3, using the same negative charge transport layer, i.e., Cd 1 − x Zn x S, through numerical simulation employing SCAPS-1D. The effects of thickness, defect density and doping concentration with respect to absorbing layer on the efficiency and other parameters of perovskite layers are also discussed. By employing CuSbS2 with MASnI3 in the proposed device, the solar cell parameters are efficacious enough demonstrating the V oc of 1.10 V, PCE of 31.11%, fill factor (FF) of 83.05% and J sc of 33.75 mA ⋅ cm − 2 . A comparative analysis using SCAPS 1D software is carried out between two different HTLs, i.e., CuI and CuSbS2; between two different perovskite layers, i.e., CH3NH3PbI3–xClx and CH3NH3SnI3, exploiting the same ETL, i.e., Cd1–xZnxS. Power conversion efficiency, fill factor, short circuit current density and open circuit voltage of the proposed device are characterized by thickness, doping concentrations and interfacial defect density. By integrating CuSbS2 with CH3NH3SnI3 in the proposed cell, the outcome received is of high calibre as compared to the outcome of the existing one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper presents the fabrication and characterization of [CuI(L)][sub n] thin films, where L represents various alkylpyridine ligands including 4-methylpyridine, 3-methylpyridine, 2-methylpyridine, 4-[sup t]butylpyridine, 3,4-dimethylpyridine, and 3,5-dimethylpyridine. The thin films were synthesized by exposing the corresponding ligands to CuI thin films through vapor deposition. The coordination reactions occurring on the films were investigated using PXRD and time-dependent photoluminescence spectroscopy, and a comparison was made between the structures of the thin films and the corresponding powder phases. The films showed primarly blue emission (λem = 457-515 nm) and polymeric structures with excited state lifetimes ranging from 0.6 to 5.5 μs. Significantly, the studied compounds exhibited fast reversible luminescence quenching when exposed to vapors of dichloromethane and dibromomethane (15 and 30 min respectively), and the luminescence was restored upon reexposure to the alkylpyridine ligand (after 20 min). These findings indicate that these thin films hold promise for applications as sensors (with sensitive and reversible detection capability) for volatile halogen-based compounds (VHC). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three copper iodide coordination polymer (CuI-p-DPA) isomers were prepared from the fluorescent organic ligand p-DPA and cuprous iodide (CuI) under different solvothermal conditions, which exhibited quenched fluorescence behaviors after forming coordination polymers (CPs). These CuI-p-DPA isomers showed discrepant fluorescence responses to thiophanate-methyl (TM). Among these CuI-p-DPA isomers, α-CuI-p-DPA exhibited the maximum fluorescence enhancement after its incubation with TM in aqueous solution. The fluorescence enhancement mechanism was that TM competed with the ligand p-DPA to coordinate with CuI clusters, and then α-CuI-p-DPA released p-DPA into the solution and induced fluorescence enhancement. The present detection method possesses the advantages of good selectivity, high sensitivity, short response time, and strong anti-interference ability with a linear range of 0.5–100 μM and a detection limit of 0.01 μM. This study not only reveals that the spatial structures of CPs play an important role in the fluorescence response ability, but also provide a new fluorescence signal-on analysis method to rapidly and sensitively determine the pesticide residue for TM. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the preparation of copper iodide nanoparticles (NPs) immobilized on vitamin B3-modified graphene (CuI/GO-VB) nanocomposite and its application for the synthesis of oxazolidinone compounds using a remarkable carboxylative cyclization method via the reaction of arylacetylene, aldehyde and benzylamine derivatives under an atmospheric pressure of CO2 gas. The CuI/GO-VB catalyst was prepared from graphene oxide (GO), vitamin B3 (VB) and CuI using a two-step procedure; firstly graphene-based composite (GO-VB) was synthesized by the reaction of GO and nicotinoyl chloride, followed by the immobilization of CuI NPs on GO-VB. The CuI/GO-VB nanocomposite was fully identified with X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The catalytic performance of the CuI/GO-VB heterogeneous catalyst was investigated in carboxylative cyclization for the synthesis of oxazolidinone compounds under an atmospheric pressure of CO2 gas at 100οC in solvent-, base-, and additive-free conditions; the corresponding oxazolidinone compounds were obtained in 79–94% yield. The hot filtration results indicated that CuI/GO-VB nanocomposite was a heterogeneous catalyst and showed a good reusability for 5 runs without a significant decrease in its catalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To investigate whether dental adhesives modified with polyacrylic acid copper iodide particles could inhibit esterase activity in vitro and the copper release rate from resin matrices, as well as the correlation between the two variables. Materials and Methods: Different concentrations of copper iodide (0.1, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/ml) were incorporated into three commercially available adhesives representative of each type. Disk specimens (n = 3) were fabricated and incubated in cholesterol esterase and pseudo-cholinesterase solutions for 16 days (37°C, pH 7.0). The enzymatic activity and rate of copper release from resin matrices were evaluated at different 4, 8, 12, and 16 days with a UV/visible-light spectrophotometer. Results: Increased copper release and reduced enzymatic activity were observed with higher concentrations of copper iodide (p < 0.001). Greater copper release with reduced enzymatic activity was also demonstrated at the earlier time periods with this relationship reversing over time (p < 0.001). A moderate negative correlation between the variables was evident (-0.441; p = 0.01). Conclusions: Adhesives containing copper iodide can inhibit esterase activity in a dose- and time-dependent manner. The correlation between the variables suggests that enzymatic activity may depend on the availability of copper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] Storage of volatile active molecules, along with the prolongation of their specific functions, requires the use of regulatable carriers. Pyrazine derivatives are highly volatile compounds with a broad application owing to their flavoring, pharmaceutical, antimicrobial, antiseptic, and insecticidal properties. In this study, pyrazines were stored by coordinating them with cuprous iodide to easily generate a series of luminescent coordination polymer (CP)-based carriers. The CPs could respond to thermal-redox stimuli and manipulate pyrazine release by breaking the labile Cu–N bonds when triggered by the two stimuli. Moreover, the release process could be visualized by decreased luminescence caused by the gradual decomposition of CP structures. The loading efficiencies ranged from 31% to 38%, and the controlled release behaviors accord with the zero-order kinetics. This work is the first to prove that CPs could function as dual stimuli-mediated delivery systems, which hold the potential to control the release and strengthen the usability of functional molecules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long‐term stability of the optically transparent p‐type semiconductor copper iodide is a current challenge. The electrical conductivity of CuI thin films depends critically on the environmental impact. Al2O3 cappings enhance the stability considerably. Systematic studies on Al2O3/CuI heterostructures in dependence of the N2/O2 growth pressure show the electrical conductivity of the CuI films being determined by the oxygen diffusion through Al2O3 und CuI. Oxygen seems to be a dominating acceptor in CuI. We traced the diffusion of atmospheric oxygen into CuI with 18O isotopes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]