Search

Objective. To investigate the influence of dehydroxymethylepoxyquinomicin (DHMEQ), an NF-κB inhibitor, on radiosensitivity of thyroid carcinoma (TC) TPC-1 cells. Methods. The isolation of CDl33 positive cells (CD133+ TPC-1) and negative cells (CD133- TPC-1) from TPC-1 cells used immunomagnetic bead sorting. After verification of the toxicity of DHMEQ to cells by MTT and cell cloning assays, the cells were divided into four groups, of which three groups were intervened by DHMEQ, 131I radiation, and DHMEQ +131I radiation, respectively, while the fourth group was used as a control without treatment. Alterations in cell growth, apoptosis, and cell cycle were observed. Results. DHMEQ had certain toxic effects on TPC-1 cells, with an IC50 of 38.57 μg/mL (P < 0.05). DHMEQ inhibited CD133+ and CD133- TPC-1 proliferation and their clonogenesis after irradiation. DHMEQ + radiation contributed to a growth inhibition rate and an apoptosis rate higher than either or them alone (P < 0.05), with a more significant effect on CD133- TPC-1 than CD133+ TPC-1 under the same treatment conditions (P < 0.05). Conclusion. DHEMQ can increase the radiosensitivity of TC cells to 131I, inhibit tumor cell growth, and promote apoptosis. However, its effect is less significant on CD133+ TPC-1 compared with CD133- TPC-1, which may be related to the stem cell-like properties of CD133+ cells. In the future, the application of DHMEQ in TC 131I radiotherapy will effectively improve the clinical effect of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The highly photosensitive characteristic of poly-sulfide chetomins was first unveiled, and four new unstable analogues, chetomins A–D (1–4), with significant cytotoxicity were successfully purified in darkness. The visible-light-induced desulfurization and intermolecular disproportionation were revealed to initiate the interconversion of chetomin analogues, which explained the long-recognized puzzle of rarity and instability of chetomin analogues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of information communication technologies, industrial manufacturing environments and requirements have changed considerably. Since wireless sensor networks have become more and more popular, our production chains have improved with respect to efficiency, flexibility and security. On the other hand, building a secure, robust and fast network is an essential issue for enterprises. In the past, few experts focused on this issue of industrial applications and most of solutions proposed are not suitable for industrial environments. In this paper, we propose a real-time routing protocol for mobile wireless sensor nodes in industrial environments, which offers superior quality of service in terms of delay time. We use geographic routing and information contained in the nodes routing table to extract location information. Then we calculate the node which is nearest to the target node to reduce hop counts and achieve fast data package transfers. It optimizes the packets forwarding hops, which in turn reduces the delay time effectively. We used OPNET to analyze our protocol and results indicate that this algorithm is useful and suitable for wireless sensor networks [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development of industrialization and information communication technology (ICT) has deeply changed our way of life. In particular, with the emerging theory of “Industry 4.0”, the integration of cloud technologies and industrial cyber-physical systems (ICPS) becomes increasingly important, as this will greatly improve the manufacturing chain and business services. In this paper, we first describe the development and character of ICPS. ICPS will inevitably play an important role in manufacturing, sales, and logistics. With the support of the cloud, ICPS development will impact value creation, business models, downstream services, and work organization. Then, we present a service-oriented ICPS model. With the support of the cloud, infrastructure platform and service application, ICPS will promote the manufacturing efficiency, increase quality of production, enable a sustainable industrial system and more environmentally friendly businesses. Thirdly, we focus on some key enabling technologies, which are critical in supporting smart factories. These key enabling technologies will also help companies to realize high quality, high output, and low cost. Finally, we talk about some challenges of ICPS implementation and the future work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corrosion protection of magnesium alloys is a challenge in industrial applications because of the high chemical reactivity of Mg. In this work, a coating is prepared by plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) on the AZ31B Mg alloy and then modified by insoluble zinc phosphate to improve the corrosion resistance. To avoid the influence of the weak acidic Zn-containing electrolyte on the formation of the passivation layer on the magnesium alloy, a two-step process is designed to first produce a passivation layer before introduction of zinc phosphate. Zinc phosphate is mainly distributed on the surface and the sidewalls of the holes in the porous coating and blocks the interactions between the corrosive solution and Mg substrate. The corrosion potential of the optimal coating (Zn-15) increase while the passive current density at the terminal potential decreases, suggesting the significantly improved corrosion resistance compared to the pristine AZ31B. The life time demonstrated by neutral salt spraying is 4200 h that is about 3 times longer than that observed from the Mg alloy with the undoped coating. [Display omitted] • Zinc phosphate is successfully introduced into the PEO coatings on Mg alloy. • Two-step strategy avoids the conflict between surface passivation and zinc phosphate. • Zn-modified coating shows excellent corrosion resistance and extra-long lifetime. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: A new 3D pillared framework has been obtained through self-assembly of 4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylic acid (4,4′-H2BPDC) and Pb(NO3)2 under solvothermal reaction and characterized by TGA, IR spectroscopy, element analyses, and X-ray single crystal diffraction. The X-ray structure analysis reveals that the oxygen atoms of the carboxylate groups link the Pb(II) to form metal-carboxylate layers, and 4,4′-BPDC ligands act as pillars to connect adjacent layers into a novel 3D pillared framework, where the BPDC displayed a rare μ 6 coordination mode of each BPDC linking with six Pb(II) ions. Furthermore, the highly thermally stable compound 1 exhibits blue photoluminescence at room temperature in the solid state. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Three new phloroglucinols, named lysidicins F−H (1−3), were isolated from the roots of Lysidice rhodostegia. These compounds have a unprecedented benzyl benzo[b]furo[3,2-d]furan skeleton, and lysidicin F (1) is the first example of natural product with trans-fused furan rings. Their structures were established on the basis of extensive spectroscopic analysis, and the absolute configurations of them were determined by computational methods. A possible biosynthetic pathway for 1−3was also postulated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Triboelectric nanogenerator (TENG), an emerging energy conversion technology, offers innovative pathways for energy harvesting and self‐powered sensing. To achieve superior performance, researchers commonly employ substantial quantities of original or treated polymers, resulting in high energy and precise sensing. Nevertheless, the sustainable development of TENGs faces significant challenges related to environmental compatibility, pollution hazards, and high production and disposal costs. To address this issue, numerous green materials for diverse TENGs are introduced and advanced. These materials may encompass natural resources, household waste, and recyclable materials, among others. Consequently, a review of the progress in TENGs based on green materials, which can be called green TENGs, becomes imperative to advance its sustainable development. To this end, this work comprehensively elucidates the development of green TENGs from the perspective of materials processing and treatment degree for the first time. Various green TENGs, including food waste, discarded daily‐use items, plant organs, biodegradable industrial products, and natural cellulose, are meticulously categorized. This review not only systematically synthesizes the latest research advancements in green TENGs, but also offers insight into their processing methodologies, working characteristics, and potential application scenarios. Finally, it envisions the challenges, proposed solutions, and future research directions for the development of green TENGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the pursuit of advancing the production of H 2 through hydrogen-evolution reaction (HER), the demand for the elaborate design of cost-effective and robust durability electrocatalysts has gained momentum, especially replacement of noble-metal counterparts like Pt. Herein, we introduce a facile one-pot hydrothermal approach to synthesize nickel foam-supported Ni 3 S 2 nanosheet arrays, which integrate with carbon-quantum-dot (CQDs) and Cu, Mo dual-metal doped. With the introduction of CQDs and Cu, Mo dual-metal doped site, the optimal CQDs-Cu-Mo-Ni 3 S 2 @NF exhibits superior HER catalytic activity with a low overpotential of 125 mV at 10 mA·cm−2 and strong durability for 30 h in alkaline medium. The exceptional electrocatalytic performance is ascribed to the synergistic effect of CQDs and Cu, Mo dual-metal site. This synergy encompasses optimization of water molecule adsorption/desorption energetics, elevated electrical conductivity, weakening of the strong S–H bond interaction on the Ni 3 S 2 surface, and providing ample active centers. Furthermore, an in-depth understanding of the electronic structure and adsorption energy during the HER process is probed by density functional theory (DFT) analysis. Our work provides a quintessential paradigm for the rational design of multi-component electrocatalysts for water splitting. Homogeneous carbon-quantum-dot-modified Cu and Mo dual metal doped Ni 3 S 2 @NF electrodes are constructed by a simple yet effective one-pot hydrothermal strategy for hydrogen-evolution reaction. [Display omitted] • CQDs-Cu-Mo-Ni 3 S 2 @NF were prepared via a one-step hydrothermal approach. • The moderate amount of Cu and Mo doping boosts active sites and optimize electronic structure. • CQDs could serve as a cocatalyst to enhance the catalytic activity and ensure superior durability. • 2D nanosheet structure and multi-components enhances the electrocatalytic activity and stability of HER. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employing cheap halogen salts as both mediators and electrolytes, transition metal-free electrochemical approaches for NaCl-mediated hydrolysis of hydrosilanes have been well established to prepare silanols in moderate to good yields with good functional group tolerance under ambient conditions. Furthermore, electrochemical NaBr-promoted alcoholysis of hydrosilanes with a series of alcohols was successfully achieved under metal-free conditions. The synthetic application of eco-friendly and low-cost protocols has been highlighted through scale-up experiments in a galvanostatic mode. Preliminary mechanistic investigations have confirmed that NaCl played an important role in the functionalization of hydrosilanes and indicated that the transformation might proceed via a free radical process under electrochemical conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A homogeneous, nanocomposite Ni/YSZ cermet powder was prepared by EDTA complexes–gel reduction process (CGRP). Zr–Y–Ni–O gel powder was formed from soluble complexes in aqueous solution. NiO/YSZ powder was obtained after the gel powder had been heat-treated in air for 2 h at 600 °C. Ni/YSZ powder was prepared by reducing the NiO/YSZ powder in hydrogen for 2 h at 850 °C. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) peak broadening result is consistent with the ZrO2 crystallite size of 38 nm in the Ni/YSZ cermet powder. The particle size of the Ni/YSZ cermet powder is 30–50 nm, according to the transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

An analytical model of hydraulic damper was presented in forward flight accounting for pitch/flap/lag kinematic coupling and its nonlinear force-velocity curve. The fourth order Runge-Kutta was applied to calculate the damper axial velocity in time domain. Fourier series based moving block analysis was applied to calculate equivalent linear damping in terms of transient responses of damper axial velocity. Results indicate that equivalent linear damping will be significantly reduced if pitch/flap/lag kinematic coupling introduced for notional model and flight conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reported herein is a photochemical strategy for C(sp3)–H azolation of ethers via a hydrogen-atom transfer and radical-polar crossover process, offering efficient access to valuable N-alkylated azoles under visible-light irradiation. The protocol is metal-free and photocatalyst-free, and exhibits good to excellent yields and broad substrate scope with regard to azoles. EPR experiments provide evidence for the formation of intermediates formed in situ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, C10H9NO2, was isolated and characterized from an EtOAc extract of marine Streptomyces sp. 060524. All atoms, except the methyl H atoms, are nearly coplanar. There is an inter­molecular N—H⋯O hydrogen bond in the crystal stucture. The compound is cytotoxic against K562 human chronic leukaemia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Organic ferroelectrics have received a great deal of interest due to their exclusive properties. However, organic ferroelectrics have not been fully explored, which hinders their practical application. Here, we presented a novel metal‐free organic molecular ferroelectric [4‐MCHA][ClO4] (1) (4‐MCHA=trans‐4‐methylcyclohexylamine), which exhibits an above‐room‐temperature of 328 K. Strikingly, the single crystal structure analysis of 1 shows that the driving force of phase transition is related to the interesting chair‐boat conformation change of 4‐MCHA cation, in addition to the order‐disorder transition of ClO4− anion. Using piezoelectric response force microscopy (PFM), the presence of domains and the implemented polarization switching were clearly observed, which explicitly determined the presence of room‐temperature ferroelectricity of 1. As far as we know, the ferroelectric phase transition mechanism attributed to the conformational change in a trans isomeric cation is very rare. This research enriched the path of designing ferroelectric materials and smart materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses a study on the direct alkoxylation of N,N-dialkyl amides using the Shono reaction. The researchers found that electron-donating and electron-withdrawing groups on the amide were well tolerated, while a para-nitro group lowered the reaction efficiency. They also explored the role of TMSN3 in the reaction and proposed a radical-relay process. Overall, this study provides a new strategy for the alkylation of N,N-dialkyl amides, expanding the scope of the Shono reaction. [Extracted from the article]

A novel solid-state second harmonic generation (SHG) organic–inorganic hybrid switch [Me3NCH2CH2F]FeBr4 (1) exhibits genuine three-step "on–off–on–off" SHG-switching above-room temperature, which has potential applications in multi-step optical devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and hyperlipidemia (HL) are common metabolic disorders due to overnutrition and obesity. NAFLD is often associated with hyperlipidemia. The aim of this study was to identify and compare the erythrocyte membrane lipids profile in NAFLD patients with or without HL. Methods. A total of 112 subjects (with similar age and body mass index) were divided into four groups: (1) normal controls, (2) NAFLD alone, (3) HL alone, and (4) NAFLD combined with HL (NAFLD + HL). Lipid was extracted from the erythrocyte membrane, and lipid profiles of subjects were analyzed by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Results. Data sets from 103 subjects were adopted for lipidomic analysis. Significant changes of lipid species were observed in patient groups, especially in the HL group and NAFLD + HL group. The HL group showed increased level of most lipid species, and decreased level of most lipid species was observed in the NAFLD + HL group. The weight percent of myristic acid, stearic acid, erucic acid, and docosahexaenoic acid also showed distinct variation between different groups. Conclusions. NAFLD, HL, and NAFLD + HL all had an impact on lipid profiling of the erythrocyte membrane. The influence of NAFLD alone is less important compared with HL. Some lipids should be highlighted because of their specific role in cell function and systemic metabolism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition-metal sulfides (TMSs) have indeed drawn dramatic interest as a potential species of electrocatalysts by virtue of their unique structural features. However, their poor stability and inherent activity have impeded their use in electrocatalytic water splitting. Here, we provide a rational design of a hierarchical nanostructured electrocatalyst containing CeOx-decorated NiCo-layered double hydroxide (LDH) coupled with Ni3S2 protrusions formed on a Ni foam (NF). Specifically, the as-prepared electrocatalyst, denoted as Ni2Co1 LDH-CeOx/Ni3S2@NF, presents only 250 and 300 mV overpotential at ±100 mA cm−2, respectively, along with the Tafel slope values of 92 and 52 mV dec−1, as well remarkable long-term life for water splitting in an alkaline electrolyte. Based on systematic experiments and theoretical analysis, the superior electrocatalytic property in terms of Ni2Co1 LDH-CeOx/Ni3S2@NF can be imputed to the following reasons: the porous framework of Ni3S2@NF provides a largely surface area and high conductivity; the NiCo LDH nanosheets provide enriched active sites and favorable adsorption ability; the oxygen-vacancy-rich CeOx optimizes the electronic configuration. Overall, these factors work synergistically to expedite the catalytic kinetics of splitting water. Our work concentrates on a rational interface to devise efficient, multifunctional, and serviceable electrocatalysts for future applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

SP 1 sp H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl SB 3 sb ): = 7.48-7.20 (m, 2 H), 7.08-7.04 (m, 2 H), 4.38-4.35 (m, 1 H), 3.53-3.49 (m, 1 H), 3.44-3.41 (m, 1 H), 3.29 (s, 3 H). SP 1 sp H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl SB 3 sb ): = 7.34-7.24 (m, 6 H), 7.10-7.05 (m, 2 H), 4.24 (d, I J i = 10.80 Hz, 1 H), 4.16 (d, I J i = 11.20 Hz, 1 H), 3.17 (s, 3 H). SP 1 sp H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl SB 3 sb ): = 7.41-7.22 (m, 5 H), 4.41-4.37 (m, 1 H), 3.57-3.52 (m, 1 H), 3.50-3.45 (m, 1 H), 3.32 (d, I J i = 2.40 Hz, 3 H). SP 1 sp H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl SB 3 sb ): = 7.41-7.39 (m, 4 H), 7.34 (t, I J i = 7.20 Hz, 4 H), 7.30-7.24 (m, 2 H), 4.28 (s, 2 H), 3.20 (s, 3 H). [Extracted from the article]

Herein we demonstrate the application of continuous flow technology to the synthesis of hydrazine derivatives by deoxygenation of free alcohols with di-tert-butylazodicarboxylate. This operationally simple protocol has excellent functional group tolerance and enables large-scale synthesis and late-stage functionalization. It also provides access to three families of pharmacological compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, we describe an efficient method involving the synthesis of diverse quinoxalines using the DMSO/tBuONa/O2 system as a single-electron oxidant to form α-imino radicals and nitrogen radicals for the direct construction of C–N bonds. This methodology provides a novel approach to form α-imino radicals with good reactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The title compound, IFB-Lactam-1 (systematic name: 2,15-dihydr­oxy-7-methyl-6-aza­bicyclo­[11.3.0]hexa­dec-3-en-5-one), C16H27NO3, is a newly characterized natural anti-Gloeosporium kaki Hori compound. It was isolated from the EtOAc extract of the fermentation broth of an endophytic fungus Trichoderma sp. from cabbage. It is a 13-membered macrocyclic lactam which shares a two-atom edge with a cyclo­penta­nol ring. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction of efficient and bifunctional electrocatalysts for overall water splitting is necessary but still remains a tremendous challenge owing to their low surface area and sluggish reaction kinetics. Herein, we demonstrate an electrocatalyst with a rough and porous surface morphology, where copper sulfides and oxides could be grown directly on the copper wire (CW) via an in situ corrosion method. Benefitting from its unique lamellar structure and fast charge transfer kinetics, the as-fabricated electrocatalyst presented a low overpotential of 160 mV for the OER at 10 mA cm−2 and overpotential of 230 mV for the HER at 100 mA cm−2. Besides, this electrocatalyst as an electrode exhibited remarkable durability after 1000 cyclic voltammetry (CV) cycles. In short, this work presents a Cu-based electrocatalyst for efficient water splitting, which has seldom been reported to the best of our knowledge, for exploring high-activity non-noble metal catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three-dimensional (3D) hybrid organic–inorganic perovskites (HOIPs) have attracted tremendous research interest due to their unique structure and promising applications. However, research on the design, synthesis and properties of this kind of metal-free crystalline material is still in the exploratory stage. Herein, two 3D perovskite molecules [1,4-3.2.2-dabcn]NH4Br3 (1) and [1,4-3.2.2-dabcn]NH4I3·0.5H2O (2) were obtained by reacting 1,4-diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane (1,4-3.2.2-dabcn) with NH4X (X = Br and I) in the corresponding concentrated halogen acids. The single X-ray diffraction results demonstrated that the inorganic framework structures in compounds 1 and 2 constructed with NH4Br and NH4I are completely different, caused by the radius of the bromide ion being smaller than that of the iodide ion. The 3D framework of compound 1 is constructed with a coplanar dimer [(NH4)2Br6]2− as the basic building unit, leading to the expanded 3D perovskite framework structure with a larger cavity to accommodate the 1,4-3.2.2-dabcn molecule. Nevertheless, compound 2 adopts a familiar 3D crystal framework structure with corner-sharing [(NH4)I6] octahedra, where the [1,4-3.2.2-dabcn] cations and water solvent molecule are confined in the cavities enclosed by the octahedra. Notably, both compounds exhibit reversible phase transition, dielectric anomaly and the second harmonic generation (SHG) effect. From the perspective of molecular design, this work is of great significance to guide the construction of new 3D metal-free perovskite molecular materials with reversible properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radical/radical cross-coupling remains challenging due to diffusion control issues. Herein, we report a visible-light-induced radical/radical cross-coupling reaction of quaternary ammonium salts and Hantzschs via C–N and C–C bond cleavage. The current synthetic approach furnishes 1,2-diphenylethanes in moderate to good yields and provides a method for the construction of the C(sp3)–C(sp3) bond. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The emergence of (CH3NH3)PbI3 has brought the development of three‐dimensional (3D) organic‐inorganic hybrid perovskite (OIHP) structures with ABX3 type to a higher level; however, most 3D frameworks are constructed by corner‐sharing of BX6 octahedra. Herein, we substituted the spherical molecule 1,4‐diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane (2.2.2‐dabco) with 1,4‐diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane (1,4‐3.2.2‐dabcn) as a template to react with RbX (X=Br, I) in the corresponding HX acids under the consideration of reducing the molecular symmetry. Two 3D OIHP compounds [1,4‐3.2.2‐H2dabcn]RbI3⋅H2O (1) and [1,4‐3.2.2‐H2dabcn]RbBr3 (2) crystallized in non‐centrosymmetric point group mm2 before the phase transition point were isolated. Among them, the 3D inorganic framework of 1 is constructed by sharing the corner of [RbI6] octahedra, while that of 2 is constructed by sharing the corner and face of [RbBr6] octahedra to acquire large cavities to accommodate the organic amine cation [1,4‐3.2.2‐H2dabcn]2+; this 3D framework type is unprecedented in the OIHPs. As expected, compounds 1 and 2 exhibit reversible phase transition, dielectric and second harmonic generation (SHG) and ferroelectric properties, in which the phase transition temperature of 2 at 374 K is much higher than compound 1 at 280 K. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An electrochemical method for the synthesis of (poly)phenols via deborylative hydroxylation of arylborons has been well established under metal‐free conditions, whose practicability and advantage has been highlighted by the preparation of drug molecules and preformation of scalable transformation. Mechanistic studies have demonstrated that superoxide anion radical was involved in the conversion followed by the reaction with arylboronic acid substrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] A series of 1,6-diketone derivatives were prepared by first copper (II) trifluoromethanesulfonate catalysed ring-opening of cyclopropyl ketones with 1,3-diketones followed by DBU-promoted retro -Claisen-type reactions. The acyclic 1,3-diketones selectively worked as carbon-nucleophiles to add to the donor–acceptor cyclopropanes. The ring-opening products underwent C C bond cleavage to afford 1,6-diketone derivatives concisely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The excellent properties of host–guest crown ether inclusions in phase transition, dielectric and second-order nonlinear optical properties have attracted much attention. In this paper, we successfully designed and prepared two novel host–guest crown ether supramolecules [(DFBA)(15-crown-5)]X (X = ClO4−, 1; ReO4−, 2) by reactions of 2,6-difluorobenzylamine (DFBA) with 1,4,10,13-pentaoxacyclopentadecane (15-crown-5) in HClO4, or HReO4 aqueous solution. By the introduction of difluoro-substituted benzylamine as a guest cation, the phase transition temperatures are greatly increased to 377 K for 1 and 391 K for 2. More importantly, the space group of 1 has changed from centrosymmetric (CS) P2/c to the non-centrosymmetric (NCS) Pca21 in 2 when substituting perchlorate (ClO4−) with the larger and heavier perrhenate (ReO4−), which leads to 2 showing a switchable and stable second-harmonic generation (SHG) effect. According to the principle of momentum matching between a cation and anion, the perrhenate group increases the energy barrier of the molecular thermal motion, which not only significantly increases the phase transition temperature of 2 but also causes it to be frozen and crystallized in a NCS space group at room temperature. This research demonstrates that a polar molecule can adjust the suitability of anions and cations inside the crystal by practical chemical means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: A complete toxicity profile, toxicity profile, and safety ranking of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) for treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) will be provided in this network meta-analysis. Methods: We searched 14 randomized clinical trials (RCTs) including 9572 NSCLC patients by PubMed, EMBASE, Cochrane, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Randomized pairwise and network meta-analyses were used to compare the incidence of severe immune-related adverse events (irAEs) across different ICIs-based treatments using risk ratios (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: For severe dermatologic irAEs, the corresponding ranking of incidences of the nine groups from high to low was: nivolumab + ipilimumab + platinum (79.1%), pembrolizumab (75.2%), nivolumab + ipilimumab (72.9%), camrelizumab + platinum (64.9%), atezolizumab + platinum (47.4%), nivolumab (44.2%), durvalumab (40.5%), pembrolizumab + platinum (15.5%), platinum-based chemotherapy (10.3%). For severe colitis, the corresponding ranking of incidences of the seven groups from high to low was: nivolumab + ipilimumab + platinum (72.4%), nivolumab (63.1%), atezolizumab + platinum (56.9%), durvalumab (56.6%), pembrolizumab (54.9%), pembrolizumab + platinum (38.6%), platinum-based chemotherapy (7.4%). For severe endocrine irAEs, the corresponding ranking of incidences of the nine groups from high to low was: durvalumab (74.3%), atezolizumab + platinum (54.5%), nivolumab + ipilimumab (54.0%), camrelizumab + platinum (51.7%), nivolumab + ipilimumab + platinum (51.6%), pembrolizumab + platinum (49.8%), pembrolizumab (49.2%), nivolumab (46.3%), platinum-based chemotherapy (18.6%). For severe pneumonitis, the corresponding ranking of incidences of the nine groups from high to low was: nivolumab (84.3%), pembrolizumab (84.1%), durvalumab (66.1%), camrelizumab + platinum (61.4%), atezolizumab + platinum (50%), pembrolizumab + platinum (43.4%), platinum-based chemotherapy (16.2%), atezolizumab (6.2%). For severe hepatitis, the corresponding ranking of incidences of the eight groups from high to low was: pembrolizumab (68.8%), nivolumab + ipilimumab + platinum (65%), pembrolizumab + platinum (64.6%), durvalumab (57.9%), nivolumab (47.1%), atezolizumab + platinum (43.4%), camrelizumab + platinum (42%), platinum-based chemotherapy (11.2%). Conclusions: In addition to platinum-based chemotherapy, pembrolizumab + platinum for severe dermatologic irAEs and colitis, nivolumab for severe endocrine irAEs, atezolizumab for severe pneumonitis, camrelizumab + platinum for severe hepatitis may be associated with lower rates of irAEs than other immune-based regimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Compared with the spherical molecule 1,4-diazoniabicyclo[2.2.2]-octane (2.2.2-dabco), 1,5-diazabicyclo[3.2.2]nonane (3.2.2-dabcn) bears a lower symmetry and larger size. As expected, reactions of 3.2.2-dabcn with rubidium halides gave two 3D molecular ferroelectrics [3.2.2-H2dabcn]RbX3 (X = Br for 1; X = I for 2) with Tc at 342 K (1) and 293 K (2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • TRV-VIGS was successfully used on Juglans sigillata aseptic seedlings. • TRV-VIGS was successfully used on Juglans sigillata fruits. • The functional differences of homologous genes in green husk were evaluated. Juglans sigillata Dode is one of the important tree species in southwest China, and it has significant economic and ecological value. However, there is still a lack of effective methods to identify the functional genes of J. sigillata. By verifying the model plant tobacco, the pTRV2::JsPDS vector was able to cause photobleaching. This study showed that photobleaching occurred 24 and 30 d after the silencing vector was infected with aseptic seedlings and fruits of J. sigillata , respectively. When the OD 600 was 0.6, and the injection dose was 500 μL, the gene silencing efficiency of aseptic seedlings was the highest at 16.7 %, significantly better than other treatments. Moreover, when the OD 600 was 0.8, and the injection dose was 500 μL, the gene silencing efficiency in the walnut fruit was the highest (20 %). In addition, the VIGS system was successfully used to silence JsFLS2 and JsFLS4 genes in J. sigillata. This study also showed that the flavonol content and gene expression in the treatment group were decreased compared to the control group. In addition, the proteins transcribed and translated from the JsFLS4 gene may have higher catalytic activity for dihydroquercetin. The above results indicate that the TRV-mediated VIGS system can be an ideal tool for studying J. sigillata gene function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A water-soluble polysaccharide (MCP) was isolated from the fruits of Momordica charantia L., and the hypoglycemic effects of MCP were investigated in both normal healthy and alloxan-induced diabetic mice. MCP was orally administered once a day after 3 days of alloxan-induction at 100, 200 and 300 mg/kg body weight for 28 day. Results showed that fasting blood glucose level (BGL) was significantly decreased, whereas the glucose tolerance was marked improvement in alloxan-induced diabetic mice, and loss in body weight was also prevented in diabetic mice compared to the diabetic control group. The dosage of 300 mg/kg body weight exhibited the best effects. In addition, MCP did not exhibit any toxic symptoms in the limited toxicity evaluation in mice. The results suggest that MCP possess significantly dose-dependent anti-diabetic activity on alloxan-induced diabetic mice. Hence, MCP can be incorporated as a supplement in health-care food, drugs and/or combined with other hypoglycemic drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A one-dimensional organic–inorganic hybrid perovskite material [3.3.0-dabco]PbBr3 (1) was synthesized by the reaction of 1,5-diazabicyclo[3.3.0]octane (3.3.0-dabco) with PbBr2 in concentrated HBr aqueous solution. Differential scanning calorimetry, dielectric measurements, and variable-temperature structural analyses revealed that compound 1 exhibits two successive structural phase transitions from P212121 to Pbcm at 387 K (T1) and then to P6/mmc at 436 K (T2), accompanied by two pairs of dielectric anomalies with a clear one at T1 and an unobvious one at T2. In addition, compound 1 shows a robust second harmonic generation (SHG) effect between SHG-OFF and SHG-ON states during its centrosymmetric to non-centrosymmetric symmetry breaking phase transition at T1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the superior nutrient management and biodegradation properties, the biodegradable slow-release fertilizer shows a greater market prospect and environmental protection significance in the chemical fertilizer industry. In this study, a new kind of full bio-based slow-release fertilizers (B-SRFs) encapsulated by walnut wood-based lignocellulose-grafted with poly(ε-caprolactone) (WWL- g -PCL) in the presence of urea was prepared. Considering the multi-hydroxyl structural feature of walnut wood-based lignocellulose, WWL- g -PCLs were synthesized successfully through the ring-opening graft polymerization reaction (ROP) of walnut wood and ε-caprolactone in DBU/DMSO/CO 2 solvent system without adding additional catalyst. The structural and thermal characteristics of WWL- g -PCLs were thoroughly elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The results indicated that the WWL- g -PCLs exhibited favorable thermal properties with adjustable glass transition temperature (T g) from 20.8 to 29.3 °C compared with walnut wood-based lignocellulose, which was beneficial for melt extrusion and granulation to produce B-SRFs. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), static release in water, and tomato fertilization efficiency experiments were conducted to delve into the slow-release mechanism and assess practical application effects. Subsequently, the outstanding slow-release performance of B-SRFs was observed for cumulative nutrient releases of 48–72% within 5 h in water and agreed with the Korsmeyer-Peppas model, indicating its excellent slow-release property. Furthermore, the formulated B-SRFs demonstrated a substantial increase in tomato cumulative biomass, yield, soil organic matter, and fertilizer utilization. Notably, there was a remarkable 57.8% increase in the cumulative biomass of tomatoes. These findings underscore the potential of walnut wood derivatives in developing effective and environmentally friendly slow-release fertilizers with promising agricultural applications. [Display omitted] • Walnut wood-based lignocellulose-grafted with poly(ε-caprolactone) were prepared in the CO 2 solvents system. • The DBU acted both as a reagent for walnut wood dissolution and as a catalyst for the ROP of ε-CL. • Bio-based slow-release fertilizers derived from thermoplastic polyester shows satisfactory N slow release performance. • B-SRFs not only enhance soil fertility but also increase the biomass and yield of tomatoes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A novel 3D flower-like FNZP pigment was fabricated by directly introducing NH 4 + cation into FZP crystal. • The FNZP pigment showed remarkable dispersibility and interfacial compatibility in water-borne epoxy resin. • The superior corrosion resistance of FNZP-embedded coating exhibited were attributed to the synergistic effects of physical shielding and inhibition capability. Herein, the three-dimensional (3D) flower-like pigments of micro-nano scaled zinc phosphate (FZP) and ammonium zinc phosphate (FNZP) were successfully synthesized by hydrothermal synthesis method for improving the corrosion resistance of waterborne epoxy (WEP) coating. The micro-structures, chemical compositions and corrosion resistance of the as-obtained specimens were characterized by SEM, XRD, FT-IR, XPS and EIS, respectively. The results indicated that the 3D flower-like FZP and FNZP pigments were comprised of self-assembled nano-micro sheets with an average thickness of 20 nm ∼ 100 nm. Moreover, the remarkable enhancements of compactness and anticorrosion performance, especially for the FNZP-incorporated coating, were principally contributed to the well dispersibility and favourable solubility, which lengthened the permeation pathway and promoted the formation of passivation film. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient protocol to synthesize aryl selenoethers through deborylative selenylation of widely available arylboronic acids has been established under electrochemical conditions in the absence of metal catalyst and external oxidant. The synthesis of bioactive molecules and gram-scale transformation have been performed to highlight the synthetic utility of the protocol. CV (cyclic voltammetry) experiment indicates that anodic oxidation of diselenide occurs prior to that of the arylboronic acid substrate under the standard conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal-free electrochemical approaches for the N-cyanation of secondary amines and the α C-cyanation of tertiary amines have been well established, with products being obtained in moderate to good yields and with good functional group tolerance under ambient conditions. The synthetic application of the protocols has been highlighted through scale-up experiments in a galvanostatic mode. Preliminary mechanistic investigation has confirmed that TBAB played a critical role in N-cyanation transformation and has indicated that the transformation might proceed via a free radical process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, NiCl2 is employed as a cheap precatalyst in the formation of C(sp2)–P bond via cross-coupling reaction of phenol derivatives and phosphine oxides/phosphites. This catalytic system allows a variety of phenols with diverse functional groups to transform into phosphates with good yields. No additional additive is used in this reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the development of multifunctional thermochromic materials that exhibit switching characteristics in phase transition and dielectric properties has attracted widespread attention due to their potential application in signal processing and smart devices. But most traditional thermochromic materials tend to be rather than reversible phase change materials. Here, a square-pyramidal coordinated copper complex [Me3NNH2CuCl3]2 (1) (Me3NNH2 = trimethyl hydrazine) showing switchable properties in phase transition, dielectricity and thermochromic properties has been prepared by reaction of Me3NNH2I with CuCl2 in concentrated HCl aqueous solution. Compound 1 has a reversible phase transition temperature of 45 °C. When the temperature exceeds the phase transition temperature, the green color of 1 gradually changed into dark red. Compared with traditional thermochromic materials, the reversible phase transition and dielectric properties within the thermochromic materials will bring additional spectral encryption possibilities for future information processing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Herein, copper-catalyzed direct C–C bond cleavage of amides fused to 8-aminoquinoline as a directing group to form urea in the presence of amines and dioxygen is reported. Compared to the previous C–H aminations of amides via C–H activation, this reaction presents a catalyst and oxidant controlled C–C bond cleavage strategy that enables amidation through a radical process. CuBr/Ag2CO3/O2 shows the best catalytic result at 150 °C. A series of aryl and alkyl amides were compatible with this transformation. Notably, this method provided access to cyclohexanone, one of the most important industrial materials. The pathway of this reaction was investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A versatile and environmentally friendly synthetic method for the formation of acyl phosphates is reported. By employing electrochemical oxidative dehydrogenative coupling, this transformation features a broad range of substrates, as well as metal-free, oxidant-free and mild conditions. One-pot synthesis of amides from acyl phosphates with amines was accomplished with high efficiency and regioselectivity, without using any additional catalysts and additives, within 2 hours under room temperature. The mechanism is proposed according to the control experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An electrochemical deborylative seleno/thiocyanation of arylboronic acids has been well established to synthesize the corresponding aryl seleno/thiocyanates with good functional group tolerance under ambient conditions. A gram-scale reaction has been performed to highlight the advantages of the protocol. Preliminary mechanistic studies indicate that the oxidation of the seleno/thiocyanate anion occurs prior to that of the arylboronic acid substrate in galvanostatic mode, and that free radicals are involved in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reactions of R, R-, cis- and trans-1,2-cyclohexanediamine with lead(II) iodide in concentrated HI aqueous solution afforded three organic–inorganic hybrid compounds, [(R, R-1,2-C6H16N2)PbI4] (1), [(cis-1,2-C6H16N2)2Pb2I8]·2H2O (2) and [(trans-1,2-C6H16N2)2PbI6]·2H2O (3), respectively. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction revealed that the inorganic components in 1–3 are constructed with a 2-D monolayer perovskite sheet, a 1-D zigzag chain and only a concrete [PbI6] octahedron which were caused by the different configurations of 1,2-cyclohexanediamine. In addition, 1–3 have been investigated by UV–vis, TG analysis and fluorescence spectra. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile bisphosphorylation of amino-2-en-1-ones with trialkyl phosphites mediated by iron is developed. The reaction is considered to go through two Michael addition progresses. A variety of amino-2-en-1-ones are bisphosphorylated in high yields with functional group tolerance. In addition, the protocol of introduction of two different phosphates into one molecule is successful through a cascade reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A green and cost-effective Pummerer-type rearrangement between readily accessible carboxylic acids and DMSO has been achieved under metal-free conditions in satisfactory to excellent yields. The transformation for the synthesis of valuable methylthiomethyl esters is shown to be a convenient strategy for various (hetero)aromatic acids, α,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids and saturated alkyl carboxylic acids with good functional group tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A method for facile synthesis of aryl nitriles has been well established via Ag/Cu-mediated decarboxylative cyanation of benzoic acids with K4Fe(CN)6 under aerobic conditions. The approach of using readily accessible aryl carboxylic acids and green K4Fe(CN)6 as starting material provides a feasible alternative to previous cyanation protocols. Control experiments revealed the key role of Cu for the process and excluded the possibility of a radical mechanism for the transformation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The selectivity is of great importance for the preparation of molecules in organic chemistry. Herein, a novel method to enable the highly regioselective C3‐phosphonation of free indoles has been developed. This transformation involves a radical and a hydrolysis procedure, and tolerates a range of functional groups, which gives an efficient route toward the 1H‐indol‐3 – ylphosphonic acid monoesters in one step. A novel method to enable the highly regioselective C3‐phosphonation of free indoles to toward 1H‐indol‐3 – ylphosphonic acid monoesters via C–H functionalization was described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Turbulence generated by invading structures in pipes introduces uncertainties into measurements using ultrasonic flowmeters. A numerical model based on large eddy simulation (LES) is developed here to study the features of turbulent errors in a typical U-shaped ultrasonic flowmeter. According to the flow structures obtained by LES, a one-dimensional turbulent spectrum and probability density function of helicity along the effective ultrasonic propagation path are calculated. It can be seen that the turbulent error is dominated by the large-scale anisotropic vortices in a specific range on the sampling line, and the anisotropic vortices have the common largest fluctuating scales in the error-dominated area in which the Reynolds number (Re) exceeds 15,000. The results provide possibilities for reducing the turbulent error by limiting the largest fluctuating scale through structure optimization. The probability density function of streamwise helicity is first introduced to unveil the continuous turbulent development in an ultrasonic flowmeter, which has the potential to contribute to turbulent analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]