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BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested an association between pelvic rotation (PR) and scoliotic deformity in severe adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS), but none have investigated this relationship in mild to moderate AIS. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the relationship between PR and trunk rotation in mild to moderate AIS. METHODS: This was a case-control study. The cases were 32 AIS patients with PR in the opposite direction to the thoracic curve, and the controls were 32 AIS patients with PR in the same direction as the thoracic curve. All patients were assessed with the Adams forwards bend test. Type II trunk rotation was selected as exposure. Logistic regression was used to estimate the association between PR direction and types of trunk rotation while accounting for confounders. Multiple linear regression was used to analyse the relationships between PR magnitude and the angle of trunk rotation (ATR). RESULTS: Logistic regression showed an unadjusted OR of 9.13 (95% CI 2.92–28.50, P < 0.001), and adjustment for sex and Cobb angle only slightly changed the OR (adjusted OR, 8.23; 95% CI, 2.51–27.01; P = 0.001). The concave/convex ratio was associated with ATR measurements in both cases (β = - 0.379; P = 0.030) and controls (β = - 0.468, P = 0.008). CONCLUSION: An association was found between PR and trunk rotation, which may help achieve more effective physiotherapy in mild to moderate AIS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palmprint biometrics has a broad application prospect owing to non-intrusiveness, ease of image acquisition and stable textural pattern. Hand-crafted approaches are vulnerable to non-ideal palmprint images caused by uneven illumination, motion blur and noise contamination. Many researchers have designed excellent texture descriptors or/and advanced image pre-processing algorithms. Nevertheless, they are highly targeted at some specific data, less adaptable to the emerging data. In this paper, a semi-pretrained contactless palmprint recognition deep network is developed to achieve high accuracy and robustness. Semi-CPRN is composed of underlying network structure from ResNet-152 and the proposed assistant layers dedicated to high-performance palmprint recognition. The well-designed assistant layers enhance convolutional neural network to steadily extract the real palmprint features even from the degraded images without being deceived by the degradation factors. Besides, to better carry out the research on palmprint recognition in the open environment, we established a new contactless database HIT-NIST-V1 under natural scene. The comparative experiments on CASIA, IITD, PolyU3D/2D, Tongji and HIT-NIST-V1 illustrate that Semi-CPRN is comparable and superior to previously published state-of-the-art approaches. Simultaneously, CNN-based palmprint biometrics methods show significant robustness to motion blur, Gaussian noise, and salt and pepper noise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Millions of new domain names are registered every day, but a large proportion of them are malicious and usually discovered and blacklisted after the crime has been committed. In order to improve the security of domain name registration, this paper proposes a lightweight detection method based on the AdaBoost to identify malicious domain names, which focuses on proactively detecting malicious domain names by exploring the abnormal WHOIS records. The domain name registries and registrars can adopt the proposed method as the first layer of defense to identify malicious domains on the domain registration stage. Extensive experiments on a large-scale database demonstrate that the proposed approach achieves satisfactory results on various malicious domain names. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As the backbone of the domain name system (DNS), DNS resolvers are essential to the Internet. Nowadays, the measurement of DNS resolvers, especially open DNS resolvers, has become a research focus. Previous research works show that DNS responses returned from some open DNS resolvers are not expected for clients and the Internet. We call these DNS responses 'unexpected DNS responses'. Research on unexpected DNS responses is beneficial to the research, usage and management of open DNS resolvers. This paper explores unexpected DNS responses returned from open DNS resolvers in terms of identification and classification to better understand the behaviours of open DNS resolvers. First, an identification method is proposed to identify all kinds of DNS responses from each section of DNS messages. Second, a classification method is proposed to classify unexpected DNS responses by their influences on clients and the Internet. Furthermore, an efficient identification and classification method is proposed to simplify the above process. Among about 9 million responding open DNS resolvers in the experiments on the IPv4 address space, about 40% return unexpected DNS responses. Experimental results show that the proposed methods can identify and classify all kinds of DNS responses returned from open DNS resolvers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Palmprint is an important key player in biometric family and also informs some extra basic personality details of an individual. In this paper, we utilize these extra information and designed an automated mobile vision (MV) system to extract principal lines from human palm and analyze them for behavioral significances. Hence, the main concern of this paper is to come up with a simple yet powerful low-level MV solution to extract the complex challenging features from palmprint. In the proposed system, the computational tasks are offloaded to a dedicated palmistry server and efficiently minimizes the energy consumption of mobile device after performing some preliminary computational low-level tasks. The implementation is divided into four major phases: (i) hand-image acquisition and pre-processing, (ii) region-of-interest extraction from the palm images, (iii) post-processing to extract principal lines and (iv) features computation for behavior analysis. The basic palmistry uses line lengths, angles, curves and branches to identify a person's behavior. The exhaustive experiments show that the proposed system achieves an average accuracy of 96%, 92% and 84% for heart, life and head line detection and personality prediction, respectively. Finally, mapping the extracted results with the original palmprint is augmented back to the use for better visualization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Freshwater systems near highly urbanized areas are extremely susceptible to emerging contaminants (ECs), yet their stereoscopic persistence in aquatic ecosystems and related risks remain largely unknown. Herein, we characterized the multi-mediums distribution of 63 ECs in Baiyangdian Lake, the biggest urban lake in the North of China. We identified variations in the seasonal patterns of aquatic EC levels, which decreased in water and increased in sediment from wet to dry seasons. Surprisingly, higher concentrations and a greater variety of ECs were detected in reeds than in aquatic animals, indicating that plants may contribute to the transferring of ECs. Source analysis indicated that human activity considerably affected the distribution and risk of ECs. The dietary risk of ECs is most pronounced among children following the intake of aquatic products, especially with a relatively higher risk associated with fish consumption. Besides, a comprehensive scoring ranking method was proposed, and 9 ECs, including BPS and macrolide antibiotics, are identified as prioritized control pollutants. These findings highlight the risks associated with aquatic ECs and can facilitate the development of effective management strategies. [Display omitted] • Higher levels of ECs are detected in reeds than in aquatic animals. • Psychotropic drugs were the predominant contributors to ecological risk. • The dietary risk of ECs is most pronounced among children following aquatic products intake. • 9 ECs including BPS and macrolide antibiotics are identified as prioritized control pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: To detect and quantify synephrine in feed, an effective analytical method based on quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe solid‐phase extraction coupled to ultra high performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was developed with isotopic internal standards. Pretreatment was performed using quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe solid‐phase extraction with primary secondary amine and C18 sorbent as sorbents in combination with Oasis MCX column clean‐up to extract and purify feed samples. Tandem mass spectrometry detection in positive ion mode was conducted in positive multiple reaction monitoring mode in addition to the quantitative internal standard method. Two transitions of synephrine at m/z 168.1/150.0 and 168.1/135.0 were selected, and m/z 168.1/135.0 was determined as the quantification ion pair. D9‐Terbutaline was selected as an internal standard, for which m/z 235.1/153.0 was selected as the quantification ion pair. Good linearity was shown for synephrine in the range of 0.5–50 μg/L, and the correlation coefficient exceeded 0.999. The recoveries in three different feed samples at three spiked levels were 81.42–112.08%, and the relative standard deviations were not greater than 14.66%. The method proposed in this study was reliable and highly effective, and its sensitivity, accuracy, and precision are suitable for determining synephrine residues in feed samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On-line gambling is the key illegal behaviour of public security department in most countries due to the potential threat to cyberspace security and social stability. Hence, the research on gambling domain names (GDN) classification is quite important and in great demand for academia and industry. Till now, there is very little research work on this topic. Most of the GDN training datasets in previous work were chosen from GDN blacklists provided by publicly available data sources, and the authors did not verify the authenticity and accuracy of these datasets, and the classification results are not particularly satisfactory. In this paper, certificated and textual analysis-based classification method CT-GDNC is proposed to get GDN training data set with an accuracy of 0.9776 and significantly improve the classification results of GDN. The exhaustive comparative experiments on 10K GDN obtained via Bert fine-tuning model and 10K benign data collected from Alex Top 1 million list show that the proposed method achieves new baseline result for GDN classification with classification accuracy 0.9936, precision 0.9936, F1 0.9936 and recall 0.9939. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The diamides have become one of the most promising new classes of insecticides. In this study, we evaluated the toxicity of three diamides (chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide) to Daphnia magna . The acute toxicity test showed that the 48-h EC 50 of chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide were 8.5, 23.9 and 63.5 μg/L, respectively. Biochemical measurements revealed a significant increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) in D. magna after acute exposure to the three diamides. A significant decrease in activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) was observed, which was consistent with the down-regulated transcription of antioxidant genes sod and gpx . Catalase (CAT) activity exhibited a significant increase while the related gene cat showed no obvious change in daphnids acutely exposed to the three diamides. The chronic test revealed that the three diamides could cause lethal and sub-lethal effects on daphnids within constricted range of concentrations at μg/L level. The 21-d EC 50 of chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide for mobility were 5.0, 13.6 and 36.8 μg/L, respectively. The chronic LOEC of chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide based on survival, growth and reproduction of D. magna were 4.05, 10.24 and 19.36 μg/L, respectively. Moreover, these three diamides can induce severe developmental abnormalities in D. magna embryos including underdeveloped second antennae, curved tail spine and abnormal body region after acute exposure and the 48-h EC 50 were 6.2, 14.1 and 30.8 μg/L for chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole and flubendiamide respectively. Our findings indicate that even low levels of diamides can pose ecological risks to aquatic ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strobilurins constitute a new class of fungicides that is the most widely used in the world. The present study was conducted to investigate the aquatic toxicity of 3 common strobilurin fungicides (kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin) to Daphnia magna. The neonate acute immobilization test showed that the 48-h 50% effective concentration (EC50) values of kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin were 443.3µg/L, 20.9µg/L, and 23.0µg/L, respectively. In addition, the 3 strobilurins significantly induced activity of the important detoxification enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST) in D. magna, and there was a significant positive relationship between GST activity and immobility of D. magna after acute exposure. The 3 strobilurins showed higher toxicity to D. magna embryos, and the 48-h EC50 were 157.3µg/L, 3.9µg/L, and 1.7µg/L for kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin, respectively. The 21-d chronic test revealed that the strobilurins could also significantly affect the reproduction, development, and growth of D. magna at sublethal concentrations. The lowest-observed-effect concentrations of kresoxim-methyl, pyraclostrobin, and trifloxystrobin for reproduction were 20µg/L, 0.15µg/L, and 0.2 µg/L, respectively, which were close to environmental concentrations. The findings indicate that strobilurin fungicides are very toxic to D. magna and they are sufficient to cause harm to D. magna at environmentally relevant concentrations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a multi-residue analytical method for 210 drugs in pork using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography-Q-Trap tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) within 20 min via positive ESI in scheduled multi-reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. The 210 drugs, belonging to 21 different chemical classes, included macrolides, sulfonamides, tetracyclines, β-lactams, β-agonists, aminoglycosides, antiviral drugs, glycosides, phenothiazine, protein anabolic hormones, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), quinolones, antifungal drugs, corticosteroids, imidazoles, piperidines, piperazidines, insecticides, amides, alkaloids and others. A rapid and simple preparation method was applied to process the animal tissues, including solvent extraction with an acetonitrile/water mixture (80/20, v/v), defatting and clean-up processes. The recoveries ranged from 52% to 130% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) < 20% for spiked concentrations of 10, 50 and 250 μg/kg. More than 90% of the analytes achieved low limits of quantification (LOQs) < 10 μg/kg. The decision limit (CCα), detection capability (CCβ) values were in the range of 2–502 μg/kg and 4–505 μg/kg, respectively. This method is significant for food safety monitoring and controlling veterinary drug use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper was designed to study stereoselective enrichment and changes in gene expression when zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryo-larvae were exposed to racemic, (-)- or (+)- PCB149 (2,2’,3,4’,5’,6- hexachlorobiphenyl). Based on bioconcentration analysis, non-racemic enrichment was significantly observed after racemic exposure. No isomerization between the two isomers was found after (-)/(+)-PCB149 exposure. Furthermore, based on gene expression-data mining, CYPs genes (cyp2k6, cyp19a1b, and cyp2aa4) were differential genes after (+)-PCB149 exposure. No obvious differences of dysregulation of gene expression caused by racemic and (-)-PCB149, were observed in embryo-larvae. The above results suggested that (-)-PCB149 could be considered as the main factor causing the dysregulation of gene expression in embryo-larvae after racemic exposure; and (+)-PCB149 should be pursued apart from the racemate, when considering the toxicity of chiral PCB149. Thus, the information in our study could provide new insights to assess the environmental risk of chiral PCBs in aquatic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Carbosulfan (CAS) is used as an insecticide on vegetables, but its toxicity might increase due to the formation of higher toxic metabolites including carbofuran (CAN), 3-hydroxycarbofuran (3-OH) and 3-ketocarbofuran (3-KETO). In this study, the transformation of CAS to its metabolites in pakchoi (Brassica campestrisssp.) and cucumber (CucumissativusL.) was investigated in the field in Beijing and Changsha and in a greenhouse in Hangzhou. CAS was metabolised to CAN, 3-OH and 3-KETO in pakchoi but only to CAN and 3-OH in cucumber. In pakchoi, the degradation of CAS (as measured by the DT50value, the time marking the disappearance of 50% of the pesticide) was the fastest in Hangzhou (0.7 d), followed by Changsha (1.4 d) and Beijing (2.3 d), whereas in cucumber, its degradation was the fastest in Changsha (1.6 d) and Hangzhou (1.6 d), followed by Beijing (2.5 d). These results suggested the monitoring of metabolites should be a prior objective for CAS, and different metabolites should be considered when assessing the risk of CAS in different vegetables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finger-vein recognition has been widely explored for biometrics security over the past two or three decade. Its size and characteristics against presentation attacks make it suitable for various commercial, governmental and forensics applications. As with other biometric traits, finger-vein recognition approaches mainly depend on well-engineering feature descriptors and recently, more deep learning (DL) models have been designed to achieve high-performance biometrics. However, the existing DL approaches usually employ the neural networks with increasing layers and parameters, which inevitably leads to an increase in memory consumption and algorithm complexity. Besides, all the vein recognition networks use square filters, which are influenced by network designed for object detection and classification. In this paper, two network design issues for finger-vein recognition are explored: shallow network using rectangular filters and lightweight semi-pretrained network. The exhaustive experiments on three benchmark databases HKPU, FV-USM and SDUMLA demonstrate that rectangular filters outperform square filters for DL-based finger-vein recognition, and the lightweight semi-pretrained network also outperforms non-pretrained network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report here an investigation of the mechanisms contributing to the divergent sensitivity toward the triazole fungicide difenoconazole of zebrafish ( Danio reio ) during different life stages. Adult and embryonic zebrafish were exposed to three different concentrations of difenoconazole (0.01, 0.5 and 1.0 mg/L). The death rate, bioaccumulation of difenoconazole, oxidative stress parameters and transcription of related genes were tested at 4 and 8 days post-exposure (dpe). The death rate for adult zebrafish was much higher than that of the embryos at an exposure concentration of 1.0 mg/L at both 4 and 8 dpe. The concentrations of difenoconazole in both the embryos and adult fish were similar, except for the group exposed to 0.01 mg/L difenoconazole. A decrease in antioxidant enzyme activities was observed in both the embryos and the livers of adult fish after exposure to difenoconazole. Significant lipid peroxidation was found in the livers of adult fish in all exposure groups at 8 dpe, but was not observed in the treated embryos. The gene transcription response of the embryos toward difenoconazole was different from that in the livers of adult fish at 4 dpe. At 8 dpe, the modification in the transcription of the tested genes in the embryos and adult fish was similar, except for the genes related to the synthesis of sterols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enantiomeric separation of eight pesticides including bitertanol ( 1), diclobutrazol ( 2), fenbuconazole ( 3), triticonazole ( 4), imazalil ( 5), triapenthenol ( 6), ancymidol ( 7), and carfentrazone-ethyl ( 8) was achieved, using normal-phase high-performance on two cellulosed-based chiral columns. The effects of isopropanol composition from 2% to 30% in the mobile phase and column temperature from 5 to 40 °C were investigated. Satisfactory resolutions were obtained for bitertanol ( 1), triticonazole ( 4), imazalil ( 5) with the (+)-enantiomer eluted first and fenbuconazole ( 3) with the (-)-enantiomer eluted first on Lux Cellulose-2 and Lux Cellulose-3. (+)-Enantiomers of diclobutrazol ( 2) and triapenthenol ( 6) were first eluted on Lux Cellulose-2. (-)-Carfentrazone-ethyl ( 8) were eluted first on Lux Cellulose-2 and Lux Cellulose-3 with incomplete separation. Reversed elution orders were obtained for ancymidol (7). (+)-Ancymidol was first eluted on Lux Cellulose-2 while on Lux Cellulose-3 (-)-ancymidol was first eluted. The results of the elution order at different column temperatures suggested that column temperature did not affect the optical signals of the enantiomers. These results will be helpful to prepare and analyze individual enantiomers of chiral pesticides. Chirality 27:32-38, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An enantioselective method was developed for the simultaneous detection of five chiral fungicides in soil, including fenbuconazole ( 1), tetraconazole ( 2), nuarimol ( 3), triticonazole ( 4), and simeconazole ( 5) by LC-MS/MS on a chiral stationary phase of cellulose tris-(3-chloro-4-methylphenylcarbamate) with a gradient elution. A new multifunctional filter was designed to simplify the QuEChERS (where QuEChERS is quick, easy, cheap, effective, rugged, and safe) method by simultaneous cleanup and filtration when the sample extracts were directly passed through it. Good linearities ( R2 > 0.9980) were obtained in the range 0.005-2.5 mg/L, and the recovery rates were 77.4-103.6% with RSDs of 0.7-12.2% for intraday precision and 1.2-11.0% for interday precision. The LODs and LOQs for all enantiomers were in the range 0.1-0.2 and 0.25-0.5 μg/kg, respectively. The analysis of the incubated soil suggests that this method is reliable and practical for the stereoselective detection of chiral fungicides. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: This study aimed to elucidate the information mechanism of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in sturgeon fillets, and its inhibition by polyphenol. The results revealed that LTVH fillets (processed using low temperature vacuum heating method, LTVH) did not have lower values of AGEs than those treated using TC method (a typical thermal procedure using boiling water at 100 °C). The addition of tea polyphenol, on the other hand, drastically reduced the AGEs levels in LTVH fillets. An in vitro model including sturgeon myofibrillar protein and glucose was employed in this work to evaluate the inhibition of AGEs by tea polyphenol. The results showed that free Arginine was susceptible to interaction with glucose, which caused the development of AGEs. However, the addition of tea polyphenol competed with glucose for binding to free Arginine, leading to a substantial decrease in free Arginine concentration and an increase of free amino loss rate, resulting in the inhibition of AGEs generation. The LTVH technique, in combination with tea polyphenol, can be used to prevent the production of AGEs on fillets during the thermal treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mer and c-Met kinases, which are commonly overexpressed in various tumors, are ideal targets for the development of antitumor drugs. This study focuses on the design, synthesis, and evaluation of several 2-substituted aniline pyrimidine derivatives as highly potent dual inhibitors of Mer and c-Met kinases for effective tumor treatment. Compound 18c emerged as a standout candidate, demonstrating robust inhibitory activity against Mer and c-Met kinases, with IC50 values of 18.5 ± 2.3 nM and 33.6 ± 4.3 nM, respectively. Additionally, compound 18c displayed good antiproliferative activities on HepG2, MDA-MB-231, and HCT116 cancer cells, along with favorable safety profiles in hERG testing. Notably, it exhibited exceptional liver microsomal stability in vitro, with a half-life of 53.1 min in human liver microsome. Compound 18c also exhibited dose-dependent cytotoxicity and hindered migration of HCT116 cancer cells, as demonstrated in apoptosis and migration assays. These findings collectively suggest that compound 18c holds promise as a dual Mer/c-Met agent for cancer treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a fault early warning approach of coal mills based on the Thermodynamic Law and data mining. The Thermodynamic Law is used to describe the working characteristics of coal mills and to determine the multi-parameter vector that characterize the operating state of the coal mill. Data mining technology is applied to analysis the interrelationships among elements of the multi-parameter vector. Then the abnormal boundaries of parameters are calculated based on the distribution of parameters under different working conditions according to the Pauta criterion. Finally, the fault early warning model is implemented combining the abnormal boundaries and the confidence algorithm that can detect the working status of coal mills. Two actual numerical examples are used to illustrate the proposed method is capable of estimating the abnormality of coal mills before the fault happens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fast method for the simultaneous determination of 14 antiviral drugs and relevant metabolites in chicken muscle by ultra-high liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC–MS/MS) was developed. The analytes included anti-influenza drugs (amantadine, rimantadine, oseltamivir, oseltamivir carboxylate, memantine, arbidol, and moroxydine), anti-herpes drugs (acyclovir, ganciclovir, famciclovir, penciclovir, ribavirin and its main metabolite TCONH 2 ), and an immunomodulator (imiquimod). The samples were pretreated using a modified QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged and Safe) method. The determination of the target compounds was conducted in less than 11.0 min, and specificity was ensured by the use of multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) acquisition mode. Good linearities ( R 2 > 0.9928) were obtained in the range of 0.1–100 μg/L, and the recovery rates were 56.2–113.4% with RSDs of 1.7–10.3% for intra-day precision and 2.4–8.8% for inter-day precision. The LODs and LOQs of all analytes were in the ranges of 0.02–1.0 and 0.05–2.5 μg/kg, respectively. An analysis of real samples suggested that this method is simple, sensitive, reliable and practical for the detection of antiviral drugs in animal tissue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Text classification first needs to convert the text into embedding vectors. Considering that static word embedding models such as Word2vec do not consider the position information of word and the difference of its role in different documents, while dynamic word embedding models such as Bert consume a large amount of time. An improved word embedding model based on pre-trained Word2vec is proposed, which achieves better classification accuracy and much lower classification time than Bert. At first, the concept of Term Document Frequency (TDF) is proposed on the basis of TF-IDF, and the TF-IDF-TDF of each word in different documents is calculated. Then, The positional encoding is added. Finally, in order to reduce the misleading of words with low importance, a filter is designed to set the embedding vector with low importance to zero. Considering that the sequence length that the deep learning model can handle is limited, and the text sequence exceeding the Maximum Sequence Length (MSL) set by the deep learning model will be directly truncated and discarded, an adaptive segmentation model is proposed, which can set different segmentation strategies for different texts according to the length of the text and the MSL. In order to maintain the continuity of adjacent text after segmentation, an adjacent-segment-vector-attended co-attention network is designed. In addition, the multi-channel convolution and the capsule network are designed to further extract deep hidden features. Multiple comparative experiment results show that the proposed model achieves the best Accuracy and Micro-F1 on five long text baseline datasets and six short text baseline datasets. In addition, when the MSL is not set too large compared with the document length in the dataset, the classification results of the proposed model are not affected by it. • An pre-trained Word2vec based embedding model is proposed. • An adaptive segmented text classification model is proposed. • An adjacent-segment-vector-attended co-attention network is designed. • The multi-channel convolution and capsule network are used to extract deep hidden features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Ultrasound increased free amino acids and nucleotides contents in the semi-dried fish. • Heat treatment would promote the production of volatile substances. • Na+ and K+ played an important role in flavor characteristics of semi-dried fish. • Partial substitution of KCl for NaCl could improve the flavor. • Coordination treatment was beneficial to improve the flavor. This study investigated the flavor characteristics of semi-dried yellow croaker made by KCl instead of partial NaCl combined with ultrasound treatment before and after low temperature vacuum heating. The electronic tongue, electronic nose, free amino acids, 5′-nucleotides, and gas chromatography-ion mobility spectrometry were employed. Electronic nose and electronic tongue results showed that different treatment groups had different sensitive signals to smell and taste. The odor and taste of each group were mainly affected by Na+ and K+. The difference between the groups becomes larger after thermal treatment. Ultrasound and thermal treatment both changed the content of taste components. In addition, each group contained 54 volatile flavor compounds. Among them, the combined treatment method gave semi-dried large yellow croaker pleasant flavor characteristics. Besides, it also improved the content of flavor substances. In conclusion, the semi-dried yellow croaker under sodium-reduced conditions showed better performance in flavor characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was aimed to investigate the effect of low-temperature vacuum heating (LTVH; versus the traditional thermal method– TC - 100°C boiling water) on water content/distributions, microstructure, and tenderness of sturgeon fillets. Although all fillets were well done, those fillets heated at lower temperature/time showed higher moisture content (P<.05). Furthermore, microstructure by paraffin section and shear force results also indicated LTVH70-30 (LTVH method; 70°C, 30 min) shown the most similar to TC fillets, the less firm and less juicy. Oppositely, LTVH60-15/30 (LTVH method, 60°C, 15/30 min) showed the best tenderness/juiciness among all fillets. Therefore, the LTVH method is agood alternative to the TC for fish processing in the catering industry, with tenderness/juiciness gains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The stereoselective effects of chiral ibuprofen (IBU) were studied using lipidomics by exposing adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) to an environmental concentration of 5 μg/L for 28 days. After treatment with rac-/ R -(−)-/ S -(+)-IBU, the brain tissue of the zebrafish was harvested to analyze for lipid metabolites by using ultra-performance liquid chromatography–quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Results showed that the six classes of lipids, namely, glycerophospholipids, sterol lipids, prenol lipids, fatty acyls, glycerolipids, and sphingolipids, including 46 biomarkers, were affected after exposure. The different influences on metabolites were observed in the rac-/ R -(−)-/ S -(+)-IBU-treated samples. The rac-IBU treatment remarkably affected nine lipids. The R -(−)-IBU and S -(+)-IBU treatments had remarkably effects on six and four lipids, respectively. According to the HMDB database and KEGG pathways, nine important lipids were successfully matched to the involved biochemical pathways, such as glycerophospholipid metabolism, arachidonic acid metabolism, and linoleic acid metabolism. Therefore, IBU can cause disorders in the metabolism of the brain lipids of adult zebrafish and affect the composition of biological membranes, inflammatory responses, and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. The significant difference in the effects of R -(−)-IBU and S -(+)-IBU on lipidomics indicated that chiral IBU has stereoselective toxicity to aquatic organisms. Our study provided new insights into the environmental toxicology and highlighted the hazard of pharmaceutical and personal care product pollution in aquatic environments. Unlabelled Image • Lipidomic perturbations were induced in adult zebrafish after IBU exposure at 5 μg/L. • Forty-six potential biomarkers were identified in zebrafish brain after exposure. • The alterations of lipid metabolites indicate stereoselective effects of chiral IBU. • PC and PS were respectively involved in 9 and 5 biochemical pathways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: The superheated steam temperature system of the thermal power plant has the characteristics of large inertia, nonlinearity, and strong time variation, which make it difficult to be controlled. To address these problems, this paper proposes a generalized predictive control algorithm with an adaptive forgetting factor. First, based on a fuzzy algorithm and a recursive least squares algorithm, the controlled object's model can be quickly and accurately obtained with the adaptive forgetting factor in real time. It overcomes the nonlinear and time‐varying problems of the controlled object in the control progress. Meanwhile, it also solves the problem of data saturation and the weight assignment of the "new and old" data during online identification. Second, an adaptive generalized predictive controller algorithm has been developed with the controlled object. It solves the large inertia problem of the controlled object. Finally, through establishing simulation model of the superheated steam temperature system and simulating, the results show that the proposed method has better control performance, antidisturbance ability, adaptability, and robustness. Moreover, it has a certain reference significance for the design of a practical control system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using newly designed epoxy group activated carbon shell magnetic beads as a goat against mouse antibody (G-Mab) carrier, a competitive immunoassay was conducted on the surface of G-Mab-coated magnetic beads (G-Mab-MBs). Mouse monoclonal antibody against Okadaic acid (MAb), Okadaic acid-horseradish peroxidase conjugate (OA-HRP) and OA were simultaneously added into a reaction system. The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed in a 96-well microplate incorporated with magnetic bars. Detection of the OA level by using the current approach provided an excellent linear relationship in the range of 0.35–25.0 µg L−1 with a half-maximal inhibitory concentration IC50 of 3.27 µg L−1 and LOD values of 0.35 µg L−1. The shellfish matrix and other algal toxins presented in the sample extraction did not produce obvious interference. As a comparison, tests were conducted via commercial ELISA and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), and the corresponding analytical results demonstrated the reliability of the current protocol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim To assess the effect of Cytochrome P450 2C9 ( CYP2C9) gene polymorphism on pediatric warfarin maintenance dosage requirement. Methods A previously developed search strategy was conducted in PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library. Eligible studies published prior to January 27, 2016, were identified and compared against strict inclusion/exclusion criteria. Required data were extracted, and researchers were consulted for additional data if needed. Review Manager version 5.2.3 software was used to analyze the relationship between CYP2C9 polymorphisms and warfarin maintenance doses in pediatric patients. Eight articles with a combined total of 507 pediatric patients were included in the meta-analysis. Results Maintenance warfarin doses in patients with CYP2C9 *1/*2 genotype, CYP2C9 *1/*3 genotype, and CYP2C9 variant carriers which contain at least one variant allele ( *2 or *3) were from 15% to 41% lower than doses in patients with the wild-type allele ( CYP2C9 *1/*1): All differences were significant with P-values <.05. The Fontan procedure as a medical indication for anticoagulation was also associated with a lower warfarin maintenance dose; however, target INR range was not. Conclusions We found that CYP2C9 gene polymorphism (referring to the presence of *1/*2, *1/*3, and variant genotypes in the population in addition to the wild type) was significantly associated with decreased warfarin maintenance dose requirements. Additionally, a specific indication for warfarin, the Fontan procedure, was associated with a lower daily warfarin dose. However, the results of our study require confirmation from more research with larger numbers of pediatric patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thifluzamide is a fungicide widely used to control crop diseases, and it therefore constitutes a hazard to the environment. In this study, zebrafish were selected to assess the aquatic toxicity of thifluzamide. The acute and development toxicity of thifluzamide to embryos, larvae, and adult zebrafish were measured and the corresponding 96 h-LC 50 values were as follows: adult fish (4.19 mg/L)

Enantioselective accumulation of chiral polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) 91, 95, 136, 149, 176 and 183 was investigated in lotus plants ( Nelumbonucifera spp.) exposed to these chemicals via spiked sediment, to determine uptake and possible biotransformation for aquatic phytoremediation purposes. The concentrations of most PCBs were greatest in roots at 60 d (19.6 ± 1.51–70.6 ± 6.14 μg kg −1 ), but were greatest in stems and leaves at 120 d (25.3 ± 6.14–95.5 ± 19.4 μg kg −1 and 17.4 ± 4.41–70.4 ± 10.4 μg kg −1 , respectively). Total amounts were greatest at 120 d and significantly higher in roots than those in stems and in leaves (1457 ± 220–5852 ± 735 ng, 237 ± 47.1–902 ± 184 ng and 202 ± 60.3–802 ± 90.2 ng, respectively), but represented less than 0.51% of the total mass of PCBs added to sediments, indicating that lotus plants were unlikely to remove appreciable amounts of PCBs from contaminated sediments. Racemic PCB residues in sediment indicate no enantioselective biodegradation by sedimentary microbial consortia over the entire experiment. Preferential accumulation of the (−)-enantiomers of PCBs 91, 95 and 136 were observed in roots, stems and leaves, but non-enantioselective accumulation was observed for PCBs 149, 176 and 183. These results indicate that aquatic plants can accumulate PCBs enantioselectively via root uptake, possibly by biotransformation within plant tissues as observed for terrestrial plants. This is also the first report to identify optical rotation of the atropisomers of PCBs 91 and 95. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To construct a rapid read-out analytical platform for detecting histamine in foods, a self-visualization nanomaterial was prepared by stable doping of ninhydrin into TiO 2 nanoparticles (ninhydrin@TiO 2) using a sol-gel strategy, and it was printed onto the target zone for histamine on a high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) strip based on the Rf value. Under the optimum TLC conditions, histamine in the sample migrates to the target zone, and the colorimetric reaction occurs in situ. The resultant color spots can be either identified visually or semi-quantitatively by image analysis. Owing to the stable visualization performance, the constructed strip demonstrated good contrast, with a low background and easily recognizable colored spots. The linear range was 15.0–320.0 mg kg−1, and the limit of detection for histamine in fish was 5.0 mg kg−1. Other biogenic amines such as putrescine and cadaverine did not interfere with the analysis. Furthermore, analytical results for fish samples were verified by HPLC tests, demonstrating the robustness and reliability of the developed method. Therefore, the incorporation of a self-visualization nanomaterial in the HPTLC platform is a promising strategy for the rapid analysis of food contaminants in the future. • A new thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) visualization methodology was developed. • Novel self-visualization nanomaterial ninhydrin@TiO 2 was successfully synthesized. • Histamine can be analyzed in aquatic products with sensitivity and rapidness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A new thin-layer chromatographic (TLC) visualization methodology was developed. • Novel self-visualization nanomaterial was successfully synthesized. • The ionic associate self-visualization is achieved on high-performance TLC strips. • Malachite green (MG) and leucomalachite green can be analyzed in aquatic products. • The method is easy to operate and sophisticated equipment is not needed. The development of simultaneous and rapid screening of the residues of veterinary drugs and their metabolites is up to now still a challenge. In this study, a novel strategy of read-out analysis is proposed based on high-performance thin-layer chromatography (HPTLC) separation coupled with self-visualization detection of trace of leucomalachite Green (LMG) and malachite green (MG) in aquatic products. The novel self-visualization nanomaterial was successfully synthesized and subsequently fully characterized. The ionic associate MG–I 3 formed on the visualization sensing interface was effectively attested by MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS for the first time. A serials of visualization reactions were conducted on the target zone surface of HPTLC after separation. Under the optimum conditions, the calibration curves of LMG and MG were obtained with good linearity in the range of 0.25–8.0 μg mL−1 and 0.125–4.0 μg mL−1, respectively. The limits of detection and limit of quantification were calculated as 1.71 and 5.19 μg kg−1 for LMG and 0.9 and 2.74 μg kg-1 for MG, respectively. Real sample analysis and validation provided satisfactory results. The proposed method has the potential to detect simultaneously, rapidly, and accurately LMG and MG in aquatic products during storage, handling, and sales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a rapid clean-up approach to the microextraction of aquatic food samples based on disposable thin-layer chromatography (dTLC) was developed. First, slides with uniform brushed Gelatin 60 as the stationary phase on paper coated with polyvinyl chloride (PVC) were designed and fabricated successfully. Diethylstilbestrol (DES, mixture of cis- and trans-isomers), which was selected as a typical trace residue of an illegal additive in aquatic products, can be perfectly separated on the paper-based slide by designed solvent development. Under the optimum conditions, the trace amounts of DES in aquatic products can be detected by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometer (GC–MS) without obvious interferences from sample matrix. The analytical linearity of DES ranged from 1.0 μg kg−1 to 0.20 mg kg−1, with a detection limit of 0.20 μg kg−1. The present work demonstrated the reliability and applicability of dTLC slides as a preconcentration and clean-up method for the analysis of trace contaminants in food stuff with complex matrix. • A novel clean-up strategy based on paper-based thin layer chromatography • Successful application of paper-base TLC slides as sample pretreatment materials • Sensitive analysis of trace diethylstilbestrol (DES) residues in aquatic products • This method shows easy operation, cost-saved, rapid and environment friendly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]