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Objectives: Twin pregnancies are at higher risk of stillbirth compared to singletons. Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is a major cause of perinatal mortality, but its impact on twins vs singletons remains unclear. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the association of FGR and small‐for‐gestational age (SGA) with stillbirth in twin compared with singleton pregnancies. A secondary objective was to assess these associations stratified by gestational age at delivery. Furthermore, we aimed to compare the associations of FGR and SGA with stillbirth in twin pregnancies using twin‐specific vs singleton birth‐weight charts, stratified by chorionicity. Methods: This was a retrospective cross‐sectional study of pregnancies receiving obstetric care and giving birth between 1999 and 2022 at St George's Hospital, London, UK. The exclusion criteria included triplet and higher‐order pregnancies, those resulting in miscarriage or live birth at ≤ 23 + 6 weeks, termination of pregnancy and missing data regarding birth weight or gestational age at birth. Birth‐weight data were collected and FGR and SGA were defined as birth weight <5th and <10th centiles, respectively. While standard logistic regression was used for singleton pregnancies, the association of FGR and SGA with stillbirth in twin pregnancies was investigated using mixed‐effects logistic regression models. For twin pregnancies, intercepts were allowed to vary for twin pairs to account for intertwin dependency. Analyses were stratified by gestational age at delivery and chorionicity. Statistical significance was set at P ≤ 0.001. Results: The study included 95 342 singleton and 3576 twin pregnancies. There were 494 (0.52%) stillbirths in singleton and 41 (1.15%) stillbirths in twin pregnancies (17 dichorionic and 24 monochorionic). SGA and FGR were associated significantly with stillbirth in singleton pregnancies across all gestational ages at delivery: the odds ratios (ORs) for SGA and FGR were 2.36 ((95% CI, 1.78–3.13), P < 0.001) and 2.67 ((95% CI, 2.02–3.55), P < 0.001), respectively, for delivery before 32 weeks; 2.70 ((95% CI, 1.71–4.31), P < 0.001) and 2.82 ((95% CI, 1.78–4.47), P < 0.001), respectively, for delivery between 32 and 36 weeks; and 3.85 ((95% CI, 2.83–5.21), P < 0.001) and 4.43 ((95% CI, 3.16–6.12), P < 0.001), respectively, for delivery after 36 weeks. In twin pregnancies, when stratified by gestational age at delivery, both SGA and FGR determined by twin‐specific birth‐weight charts were associated with increased odds of stillbirth for those delivered before 32 weeks (SGA: OR, 3.87 (95% CI, 1.56–9.50), P = 0.003 and FGR: OR, 5.26 (95% CI, 2.11–13.01), P = 0.001), those delivered between 32 and 36 weeks (SGA: OR, 6.67 (95% CI, 2.11–20.41), P = 0.001 and FGR: OR, 9.54 (95% CI, 3.01–29.40), P < 0.001) and those delivered beyond 36 weeks (SGA: OR, 12.68 (95% CI, 2.47–58.15), P = 0.001 and FGR: OR, 23.84 (95% CI, 4.62–110.25), P < 0.001). However, the association of stillbirth with SGA and FGR in twin pregnancies was non‐significant when diagnosis was based on singleton charts (before 32 weeks: SGA, P = 0.014 and FGR, P = 0.005; 32–36 weeks: SGA, P = 0.036 and FGR, P = 0.008; after 36 weeks: SGA, P = 0.080 and FGR, P = 0.063). Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that SGA and, especially, FGR are associated significantly with an increased risk of stillbirth across all gestational ages in singleton pregnancies, and in twin pregnancies when twin‐specific birth‐weight charts are used. © 2024 The Authors. Ultrasound in Obstetrics & Gynecology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of International Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology. Linked article: There is a comment on this article by Nicolaides et al. Click here to view the Correspondence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aiming at the problem that there is little or no well test data in offshore gas field, through a large number of data statistics of well test data in domestic offshore gas field, grey correlation analysis is then used to explore the root factors affecting gas well productivity. Firstly, pressure square parameter was introduced to correct gas well productivity and thus establish a new forecast chart with this correction. Meanwhile, non-linear regression is used to establish a series of empirical formulas for gas well productivity in conventional gas field and low-permeability gas field under different conditions. The average error between new formula and actual well tests analysis is about 5.6%, also use chart to quality control calculation results and demonstrate the reliability of this new method. This new method for calculating gas well productivity based on pressure correction can solve the problem of little or no well test offshore gas field and can provide an important reference for a rapid evaluation of gas field productivity of a new block. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: The Modified Early Obstetric Warning System (MEOWS) is a score-based or color-coded system that detects changes in physiological parameters and enables earlier diagnosis and care of worsening obstetric patients. The aim of this study is to evaluate the tool's performance and contribute to its use in Türkiye by translating MEOWS into Turkish. METHODS: This prospective and descriptive study, approved by the local ethics committee, included 350 obstetric in-patients who gave birth at Samsun Training and Research Hospital, Gynecology and Children's Hospital between April and August 2022. The study involved patients with a gestational week greater than 28 weeks and up to six weeks postpartum. RESULTS: The average age of the patients was 28.9±5.9 (18-40) years, with trigger values occurring in 34.6% (n=121) and morbidity occurring in 30.9% (n=108) of the cases. The most common trigger among the individual physiological indicators was high systolic blood pressure (28.3%). When the performance of MEOWS was evaluated, a statistically significant correlation was found between trigger and morbidity (Kappa=0.605; p<0.001). The sensitivity of MEOWS in estimating morbidity was 77.78% (95% confidence interval [CI]: 68.76-85.21%), specificity was 84.71% (95% CI: 79.55-89.00%), Positive Predictive Value (PPV) was 69.42% (95% CI: 62.40-75.64%), Negative Predictive Value (NPV) was 89.52% (95% CI: 85.67-92.43%), and accuracy was 82.57% (95% CI: 78.18-86.40%). CONCLUSION: MEOWS was found to be an effective screening tool for predicting morbidity in this study and performs well in Turkish with sufficient sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy. However, the inclusion of long-term results would provide a more comprehensive understanding of the effectiveness of MEOWS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present paper discusses the exploration of Harappan sites in Vijaynagar tehsil, Sri Ganganagar District, Rajasthan. The earlier surveys carried out by previous scholars were not systematic; most of surveys were focused along with the bed of river lost Sarswati. For the first time the systematic village-to-village survey was carried out present researcher. During the explorations 27 sites were explored. Except Chak- IKPM-II, Chak-15GB-III, Chak- 2 DM and Chak-7 APM most of the sites were placed on the archaeological map for the first time. Exploration yielded the Hakra ware culture, Early Harappan, Mature Harappanand Late Harappan culture remains from this region. During the exploration mbany various shape and type of pottery and antiquity chert, faience, bangle etc. are collected on surface. The middle Sarswati basin is one of the most important of the various urban centers of the Indus Valley Civilization and the evidence from this basin has provided significant information for our understanding of the various cultures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electronic Health Record (EHR) systems increase clerical workload, promote copy-paste and error propagation. Documentation error rate in cancer diagnosis and treatment was examined in 776 patient records. Fifteen percent of the charts contained an error. Modern EHR systems, patient portals and engagement tools may facilitate the maintenance of accurate information.

Charts are oriented labeled graphs in a disk. Any simple surface braid (2-dimensional braid) can be described by using a chart. Also, a chart represents an oriented closed surface (called a surface-link) embedded in 4-space. In this paper, we investigate surface-links by using charts. In [T. Nagase and A. Shima, The structure of a minimal n -chart with two crossings I: Complementary domains of Γ 1 ∪ Γ n − 1 , J. Knot Theory Ramifactions27(14) (2018) 1850078; T. Nagase and A. Shima, The structure of a minimal n -chart with two crossings II: Neighbourhoods of Γ 1 ∪ Γ n − 1 , Revista de la Real Academia de Ciencias Exactas, Fiskcas y Natrales. Serie A. Math.113 (2019) 1693–1738, arXiv:1709.08827v2 ] we gave an enumeration of the charts with two crossings. In particular, there are two classes for 4-charts with two crossings and eight black vertices. The first class represents surface-links each of which is connected. The second class represents surface-links each of which is exactly two connected components. In this paper, by using quandle colorings, we shall show that the charts in the second class represent different surface-links. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was motivated by several obstacles, including teachers in the learning process only focusing on thick textbooks and the student worksheets provided by the school were less interesting and effective. The aim of this research is to develop chart learning media based on Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (STEM) to improve critical thinking skills. This development research was carried out at Junior High School 7 of Bengkulu, Bengkulu Province - Indonesia using the Thiagarajan 4-D model which consists of four stages. The instruments used were media suitability validation questionnaires, teacher responses, student responses, and students' critical thinking ability tests on STEM-based graphic media. Data from questionnaire analysis by calculating the percentage of achievement for each component is 86.6% (material expert), 100% (linguist), 98.75% (media/design expert), and 88.3% (test question expert) with the category suitable for use. The practicality of graphic learning media based on student response data and science teacher responses conducted in limited trials shows that STEM-based graphic learning media on Plant Structure and Function material includes very practical criteria for use without revision with percentages of 92, 80%, and 94%. The effectiveness of media has an important role and helps students develop their potential in the learning process. The conclusion of this research is that the media developed has been practically and effectively used as a learning medium in supporting the teaching and learning process on the structure and function of plants in improving the critical thinking skills of class VIII junior high school students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Maritime Autonomous Surface Ships (MASS) are expected to be used in logistics, transportation, security, etc. in the future. When operating a ship, we have to pay attention to invisible objects under the water. Objects above the water surface can be detected by the camera system. On the other hand, underwater objects are generally detected by acoustic sensors called "sonar". Almost all sonar products are expensive, so it is not realistic to mount them on all MASS. Therefore, surveying underwater with a survey ship and preparing charts that includes underwater objects, it realizes safe and reasonable navigation of MASS. Since mobility systems for tourism and transportation are required in urban areas, MASS is one of the solutions for those systems in urban rivers. However, it is difficult surveying in urban rivers. This paper describes some experimental results, technical issues, and the solution for underwater surveying of urban rivers, for which the demand for MASS is expected to increase in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research was motivated by several obstacles, including teachers in the learning process only focusing on thick textbooks and the student worksheets provided by the school were less interesting and effective. The aim of this research is to develop chart learning media based on Science Technology Engineering Mathematics (STEM) to improve critical thinking skills. This development research was carried out at Junior High School 7 of Bengkulu, Bengkulu Province - Indonesia using the Thiagarajan 4-D model which consists of four stages. The instruments used were media suitability validation questionnaires, teacher responses, student responses, and students’ critical thinking ability tests on STEM-based graphic media. Data from questionnaire analysis by calculating the percentage of achievement for each component is 86.6% (material expert), 100% (linguist), 98.75% (media/design expert), and 88.3% (test question expert) with the category suitable for use. The practicality of graphic learning media based on student response data and science teacher responses conducted in limited trials shows that STEM-based graphic learning media on Plant Structure and Function material includes very practical criteria for use without revision with percentages of 92, 80%, and 94%. The effectiveness of media has an important role and helps students develop their potential in the learning process. The conclusion of this research is that the media developed has been practically and effectively used as a learning medium in supporting the teaching and learning process on the structure and function of plants in improving the critical thinking skills of class VIII junior high school students.

Charts are oriented labeled graphs in a disk. Any simple surface braid (2-dimensional braid) can be described by using a chart. Also, a chart represents an oriented closed surface embedded in 4-space. In this paper, we investigate embedded surfaces in 4-space by using charts. Let Γ be a chart, and we denote by Γ m the union of all the edges of label m. A chart Γ is of type (4 , 3) if there exists a label m such that w (Γ) = 7 , w (Γ m ∩ Γ m + 1) = 4 , w (Γ m + 1 ∩ Γ m + 2) = 3 where w (G) is the number of white vertices in G. In this paper, we prove that there is no minimal chart of type (4 , 3). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Giovanni da Carignano's chart is a testimony to the technical development attained by Genoese cartography at the beginning of the fourteenth century. Carignano's original chart—which was destroyed during World War II—has not been the subject of specific analysis. This study highlights the innovation introduced by Carignano: a new relationship between image and text. In his work, Carignano included descriptive texts that help readers understand the image or provide historical and political information. Moreover, he used cities' heraldic shields as a tool to communicate territories' political dimensions. Thus, Carignano overcame the dichotomy between image and text and proposed a new cartographic model found in many charts drawn during the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries. Finally, in the representation of river hydrography, Carignano utilized a graphic style that will only be used by cartographers toward the end of the fifteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the major cause of morbidity and mortality globally and in Oman. Stratifying the population under different risk levels based on the total CVD risk approach using the World Health Organization/International Society of Hypertension (WHO/ISH) risk prediction chart would be more effective in primary prevention of CVD to prioritize and utilize valuable resources. Hence, this study aimed to assess the total 10-year CVD risk among adults in Oman and to ascertain the proportion of the population in need of pharmacotherapy. Methods: We used the data from the 2017 national community-based STEPS survey conducted among men and women in Oman aged 40–80 years. Ten-year total cardiovascular risk was measured using the WHO/ISH risk prediction chart for Eastern Mediterranean Sub-Region B. Independent t-test and Chi-square were used to test significance. Results: There were 2510 participants in the study. Their mean age was 51.5±10.1 years and 51.3% were male. The prevalence of low, moderate, and high CVD risk was 68.0%, 19.1%, and 12.9%, respectively, as benchmarked by the WHO/ISH chart. Immediate pharmacotherapy was needed by 30.3% of participants. Factors significantly associated with elevated CVD risk were the participant's age (p

Copyright of Journal of Engineering (17264073) is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Penile length is very important for evaluation of the normal external genitalia and detection of genital anomalies such as macro- and micro-penis. Establishing a normal population, age specific reference range for penile length helps in both accurate evaluation of penile size and early detection of any penile abnormalities Objective: To assess normal values of stretched penile length of the prepubertal normal Egyptian boys aged 5 to 9 years and to establish a penile growth chart & percentiles concerning penile length for those boys. Patients and Methods: A cross sectional study is conducted in Egypt included 1500 boys aged 5 to 9 years in Cairo University Children's Hospital, Faculty of Medicine. Boys are divided into 5 groups each group 300 boys. All boys were subjected to measurement of stretched penile length, height, weight, and BMI. Results: The mean penile length ± SD by age grouping were at 5 years = 5.31 ± 0.92 cm, at 6 years = 5.51 ±1 cm, at 7 years = 5.87 ± 0.85 S cm, at 8 years = 6.19 ± 0.93 cm and at 9 years = 6.1 ± 0.92 cm. Conclusion: In order to aid in the diagnosis of genital abnormalities, this study introduced new reference values, percentiles and chart for stretched penile length in prepubertal normal Egyptian boys aged 5 to 9 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ole in all sta Oil well logging, also known as wireline logging, is a method of collecting data from the well environment to determine subterranean physical properties and reservoir parameters. Measurements are collected against depth along the well's length, and many types of wire cabling tools depend on the physical property of interest. Well probes generally has a dynamic respon to changes in rock layers and fluid composition. These probes or well logs are legal documents that record the history of a well during the drilling stages until its completion. Well probes record the physical properties of the well, which must then be interpreted in petrographic terms to obtain the characteristics of the rocks and fluids associated with the well. Many bases on which well probes are depend on obtaining information, and preventing the rocks from responding to stimuli sent by special devices, whether those stimuli are electrical, radioactive, or acoustic. In addition, there are electrically controlled mechanical bases used to measure the diameter of the well, its flow, pressure, perforation, and taking samples. Wireline refers to the technique of using the cable to deliver special equipment to the bottom of the well to repair, evaluation, or equipment recovery. A simple wireline consists of a shiny metal wire (called a slickline) that is very durable for tensile and wear operations. It is of (0.108" or 0.125") diameter. The equipment is installed at the end of the wire. Still, sometimes a braided cable is used from many small steel wires (Braided line), which makes it stronger and heavier than the first type. The information obtained from the logs is considered to assess geological areas based on porosity, permeability, hydrocarbon fluids, and shale ratio. Well logging uses logs that are much cheaper than core operations and also cheaper than the information obtained from drilling mud. This review aims to pinpoint on the most important logging processes used in oil wells, as well logs have an effective role in all stages of the oil industry.

The study was designed to investigate the impact of First Principles of Instruction (FPI) with computer animation and chart, and their functional effect on gender to acquire expertise in science in Junior High School (JHS). The content for the treatments was selected from JHS integrated science syllabus. The contents of the instructional media were designed in line with the specifications of Principles of Multimedia Learning (PML). All the learning tasks for the two treatments were designed based on FPI. Eighty- seven second-year JHS students (male = 48, female = 39) with a mean age of 14.4 years were randomly assigned to the two treatments. Ateacher was trained to deliver the content. The main study consisted of three sessions, which were delivered in the regular classroom and computer laboratory. Paired-sample and independent t-tests and univariate analyses were used to analyze the data. The result showed that there was no statistically significant difference between the two treatments. In addition, the result revealed no significant interaction effect on gender and the two treatments for the acquisition of expertise in science at the basic school. The findings are novel and suggest that static/inexpensive instructional media (e.g.chart) carefully designed with specifications of PML integrated withFPI is equally effective as dynamic instructional media (e.g., computer animation) for the development of expertise in science in the context of traditional classrooms of basic schools irrespective of the gender of the students.

For multivariate processes, while developing the multivariate control charts, the test statistics, which are the function of all quality characteristics, are derived. In ACS chart, by alternating the charting statistic, only one of the two/three quality characteristics is inspected (measured) per sample. As ACS chart is operationally easier and efficient, in this article, we use the runs rules to propose two new hybrid control charts namely 'Alternated Charting Statistic Synthetic' (ACS-Syn) chart and 'Alternated Charting Statistic Group Runs' (ACS-GR) chart to monitor the mean vector of a multivariate process. In zero state as well in steady state case, for bivariate/trivariate processes, when there is no correlation or small to moderate correlation between the two quality characteristics, it is numerically illustrated that the ACS-Syn chart performs better than 'Multivariate Synthetic chart to detect shifts in the Mean vector' (MV-Syn-M) chart. Also, ACS-GR chart performs better as compared to the ACS-Syn chart and ACS chart. Further, for some combinations of δ values, ACS-GR chart performs better than 'Multivariate Group Runs char to detect shifts in the Mean vector' (MV-GR-M) chart. Considering all the three correlation coefficients, same, similar results are observed for trivariate case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the effect of different freezing thawing conditions on the stability of metronidazole sodium chloride injection in extreme cold environment. Methods The freezing process of metronidazole sodium chloride injection in extremely cold environment was simulated and appropriate conditions were given to melt. The effects of room temperature, 60 ℃ water bath thawing and freeze-thaw times on the content of metronidazole were investigated by HPLC, and the changes were analyzed by quality control chart. Results The linear range of metronidazole was 0.01～1.00 mg/ml and the relationship was acceptable, r=1.000, the average recovery was 101.03% (RSD=1.17%), which met the requirements of methodology. The samples were frozen at −20 ℃ and thawed in 60 ℃ water bath for 18 times with good stability. However, when thawed at room temperature, acicular crystals formed and the content decreased. Conclusion In extreme cold environment, the stability of metronidazole sodium chloride injection could be affected by freezing and thawing conditions. Therefore, in the use of Metronidazole and Sodium Chloride Injection, the number of freeze-thaw cycles should be minimized, and try to avoid thaw at room temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a methodology to develop an X‐ray technique chart for portable chest and abdomen imaging which utilizes patient data available in the modality worklist (MWL) to reliably achieve a predetermined exposure index (EI) at the detector for any patient size. The method assumes a correlation between the patients' tissue equivalent thickness and the square root of the ratio of the patient's weight to height. To assess variability in detector exposures, the EI statistics for 75 chest examinations and 99 abdominal portable X‐ray images acquired with the new technique chart were compared to those from a single portable unit (chest: 3877 images; abdomen: 200 images) using a conventional technique chart with three patient sizes, and to a stationary radiography room utilizing automatic exposure control (AEC) (chest: 360 images; abdomen: 112 images). The results showed that when using the new technique chart on a group of portable units, the variability in EI was significantly reduced (p < 0.01) for both AP chest and AP abdomen images compared to the single portable using a standard technique chart with three patient sizes. The variability in EI for the images acquired with the new chart was comparable to the stationary X‐ray room with an AEC system (p > 0.05). This method could be used to streamline the entire imaging chain by automatically selecting an X‐ray technique based on patient demographic information contained in the MWL to provide higher quality examinations to clinicians by eliminating outliers. In addition, patient height and weight can be used to estimate the patients' tissue equivalent thickness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The first half of the 1990s brought the phenomenon of private radio stations into the Czech environment. These were prevalently focused on foreign music. While the existing academic reflections on this topic focused especially on the legislative and institutional contexts, the present study primarily addresses the music dramaturgy and its development. The topic is presented through a case study concerning the Radio Faktor from České Budějovice - one of the oldest and also most successful private radio stations in the Czech Republic. Based on archive documents, interviews with witnesses, and analysis of periodicals, the study documents the links to specific phenomena of previous decades ("discotheque", the educational function of the radio), as well as the process of adaptation to the new market conditions of the post-communist era (the format of radio broadcasting, investigation concerning the audience). The study analyses the chart Hitparáda Radia Faktor to point out the particular contemporary trends in music dramaturgy and listener preferences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Charts are oriented labeled graphs in a disk. Any simple surface braid (2-dimensional braid) can be described by using a chart. Also, a chart represents an oriented closed surface embedded in 4-space. In this paper, we investigate embedded surfaces in 4-space by using charts. Let Γ be a chart, and we denote by Γ m the union of all the edges of label m. A chart Γ is of type (7) if there exists a label m such that w (Γ) = 7 , w (Γ m ∩ Γ m + 1) = 7 where w (G) is the number of white vertices in G. In this paper, we prove that there is no minimal chart of type (7). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Current chart‐based tests of spatial contrast sensitivity (SCS) with fixed or narrow frequency ranges (≤18 cycles/°) cannot characterise the limits of spatial contrast vision. Here we present the design and validation of a chart‐based measure of the spatial contrast envelope. Methods: Following the principles of the standard visual acuity (Bailey‐Lovie) and contrast sensitivity (Pelli‐Robson) charts, a combined spatial‐contrast and visual acuity chart was designed using a language‐independent triangular symbol for a four‐alternative forced‐choice procedure plus chart rotation. Symbol frequencies ranged between 0.38 and 60 cycles/° spaced along 10 radial axes (0.55%–100% contrast). The chart was validated with reference to the Bailey‐Lovie and Pelli‐Robson charts; its reliability and sensitivity to changes in illumination, simulated cataract and blur was evaluated in healthy adults. Results: The photopic SCS function could be measured in 5.5 ± 0.5 min; thresholding around the spatial contrast resolution limit reduced completion times to ~2 min. There was good agreement with high‐contrast visual acuity (difference = 0.08 ± 0.02 logMAR) and contrast‐sensitivity at 1.5 cycles/° (0.13 ± 0.06 logCS). Test‐retest reliability was excellent at all spatial frequencies (ICC = 0.99). Mesopic illumination or simulated cataract caused a generalised SCS loss; myopic blur reduced high‐frequency sensitivity. Spatial contrast sensitivity was independent of radial axis orientation (cardinal or oblique). Conclusions: The chart provides a time‐efficient, reliable and inexpensive measure of SCS with applications in research and clinic for detecting subtle deficits in early stages of ocular and neurological conditions that often manifest at higher frequencies. It is sensitive to vision changes occurring in dim lighting and with simulated cataract and blur. The chart is available open‐access for self‐printing; contrast variation in print can be controlled through user calibration and/or establishing normative SCS functions using the theoretical values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. Introduction The mythical history of Iran abounds with stories and narratives that become blurred in myth and reality. Anecdotes about the first human being, the creation of the Earth, the battles of Ahura and Ahriman, Hooshang and Kayoumars, Jam and Zahak and Fereydoun are parts of this mythical history which have been addressed in various sources. Among these narratives, the myth of Tahmures Zinavand is a prominent one. Tahmures was one of the Iranian mythical personalities known in various sources as Divband (one overcoming demons). His story has been narrated in the Avesta (Ram Yasht / paragraph 12) and (Zamyad Yasht / paragraphs 28 and 29). This anecdote has also been narrated in Mēnōg-ī Khrad (Spirit of Wisdom); Porsesh 26 (paragraphs 21-23), Dēnkard-e Haftom (The Seventh Dēnkard) (Chapter 1 / Paragraph 19), Pazand Aogәmadaêčâ (paragraphs 91-94), M.O. 29 Manuscript (the story of Tahmures and Jamshid / paragraphs 7-33), Bundahishn and Shahnameh. There is also a narrative of Tahmurs in poetry in Darab Hormozdyar Narratives (vol. 1, pp. 311-315). All of these sources have narrated the story of Tahmures with a few differences. In addition, Muslim historians such as Tabari, Yaqubi, Dinvari and Masoudi have narrated this myth in their works. The narration of myths continued for centuries. There was a long period of political stability and social security in Iran during the Safavid era and the reign of Shah Ismail, when important social and political developments were considered to be a turning point in the Iranian history. These circumstances led to the rebirth and further growth of different aspects of Iranian culture and art under the support of Safavid kings. Painting was one of the arts of this period that flourished a lot in the three schools of Tabriz II, Mashhad, and Qazvin. One of the most important functions of painting at this time was the recounting and re-arranging of mythical and epic stories that had gained particular importance during the Safavid dynasty. The illustrated Tahmasbi Shahnameh and the mythical paintings of this valuable work indicate this importance and narrate Iranian myths such as Tahmures Zinavand. 2. Methodology This article is a comparative study of the verses of the Shahnameh, several Pahlavi texts and the Avesta's data to analyze the narration of Tahmures Divband and reconstruct this myth in the painting art of the Safavid era. The remarkable point is the development of the myth narrative in this reconstruction. 3. Discussion Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, which is the largest work of Iranian mythological-epic poetry, has narrated, in short verses, the story of Tahmures, from which the painters of the Safavid era were inspired to draw pictures of that narrative. The reflection of this anecdote in Safavid paintings is interesting given the various narratives of Tahmures in the sources. However, the crucial point concerns the influence of the artist and myth on and by each other, how myth affects the painter's mentality, and how the painter of this era has influenced the reconstruction of a mythological story. The present study seeks to answer these questions with regard to Tahmures' image in Tahmasbi Shahnameh. 4. Conclusion Understanding myth over time by any reader or listener leads to a 're-creation and rearrangement' of the myth. In fact, through his knowledge of a myth and when transferring it, anyone creates a narrative in his mind, thereby recreating the story. Thus, painting, which is a means of expressing myths, is actually a mythological creator, and an artist conveys many concepts to the viewers through motifs in his work. It seems that myths undergo changes due to changes in human societies with the passage of time, and thanks to a painter's genius. The interplay of mythological narratives on the painter's mind and the artist's creativity in recounting the myth leads to a narrative that differs from the mythical text. It was in this way that Tahmures Divband myth in Tahmasbi Shahnameh turned out to be different from Ferdowsi's poems. In this image, the King's battle with demons is more prominent than poetry, and the artist not only has mentioned the Tahmures- demon battle, he has also created other manifestations of the battle, such as spiritual creations in the fight against the Devil. Therefore, the drawing of Tahmures' battalion with such symbols, without an explicit reference in the text, is rooted in the artist's mythical consciousness that led to the expression of this myth and, in combination with a creative mind, gave a new prospect to the narrative. .

Thechart has been known as a powerful tool to monitor the variability of the normal process. This paper considers the variable sampling interval (VSI)chart to improve the performance of the originalchart. A VSIchart based on the average run length (ARL) unbiased and average time to signal (ATS) unbiased criteria is developed when the in-control variance is known. The performance of the proposed chart is investigated in terms of the mean and standard deviation of the RL and total time to signal. The impact of parameter estimation on the proposed VSIchart is also evaluated. The results show that the performance of the control chart is seriously different from the known parameter case when the parameter is estimated. Then, a new VSIchart with the desired in-control ARL and ATS is considered when the in-control variance is estimated. In evaluating the usefulness of the VSI feature, the VSIcharts are compared with the fixed sampling interval (FSI) versions in terms of their statistical properties. The comparison results show that the VSIchart can detect the shifts in the process variance quicker than the corresponding FSI chart, regardless of whether the in-control variance is known or unknown. Finally, two examples are used to illustrate the proposed control chart. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Heilongjiang University of Science & Technology is the property of Journal of Heilongjiang University of Science & Technology Editorial Department and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technologies are becoming increasingly common, with ever-expanding applications. Low-altitude imaging makes it possible to quickly acquire high-resolution data for various objects, especially for mapping. This paper presents the mapping of a bridge and its notice marks, lights, and span to produce electronic navigation charts for inland navigation. The research object was the Clowy Bridge on the Regalica River in Szczecin, Poland. In order to carry out the research, two photogrammetric flights were made, and three sets of photos were created, from which orthophotos were developed. The research included the analysis of the orthophoto generation process, as well as quantitative and qualitative analyses. The results of the research demonstrated the possibility of using this type of data for mapping bridges to create electronic navigation maps for inland navigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study Question: Is cord blood DNA methylation associated with having been conceived by medically assisted reproduction?Summary Answer: This study does not provide strong evidence of an association of conception by medically assisted reproduction with variation in infant blood cell DNA methylation.What Is Known Already: Medically assisted reproduction consists of procedures used to help infertile/subfertile couples conceive, including ART. Due to its importance in gene regulation during early development programming, DNA methylation and its perturbations associated with medically assisted reproduction could reveal new insights into the biological effects of assisted reproductive technologies and potential adverse offspring outcomes.Study Design, Size, Duration: We investigated the association of DNA methylation and medically assisted reproduction using a case-control study design (N = 205 medically assisted reproduction cases and N = 2439 naturally conceived controls in discovery cohorts; N = 149 ART cases and N = 58 non-ART controls in replication cohort).Participants/materials, Settings, Methods: We assessed the association between medically assisted reproduction and DNA methylation at birth in cord blood (205 medically assisted conceptions and 2439 naturally conceived controls) at >450 000 CpG sites across the genome in two sub-samples of the UK Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) and two sub-samples of the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) by meta-analysis. We explored replication of findings in the Australian Clinical review of the Health of adults conceived following Assisted Reproductive Technologies (CHART) study (N = 149 ART conceptions and N = 58 controls).Main Results and the Role Of Chance: The ALSPAC and MoBa meta-analysis revealed evidence of association between conception by medically assisted reproduction and DNA methylation (false-discovery-rate-corrected P-value < 0.05) at five CpG sites which are annotated to two genes (percentage difference in methylation per CpG, cg24051276: Beta = 0.23 (95% CI 0.15,0.31); cg00012522: Beta = 0.47 (95% CI 0.31, 0.63); cg17855264: Beta = 0.31 (95% CI 0.20, 0.43); cg17132421: Beta = 0.30 (95% CI 0.18, 0.42); cg18529845: Beta = 0.41 (95% CI 0.25, 0.57)). Methylation at three of these sites has been previously linked to cancer, aging, HIV infection and neurological diseases. None of these associations replicated in the CHART cohort. There was evidence of a functional role of medically assisted reproduction-induced hypermethylation at CpG sites located within regulatory regions as shown by putative transcription factor binding and chromatin remodelling.Limitations, Reasons For Cautions: While insufficient power is likely, heterogeneity in types of medically assisted reproduction procedures and between populations may also contribute. Larger studies might identify replicable variation in DNA methylation at birth due to medically assisted reproduction.Wider Implications Of the Findings: Newborns conceived with medically assisted procedures present with divergent DNA methylation in cord blood white cells. If these associations are true and causal, they might have long-term consequences for offspring health.Study Funding/competing Interests(s): This study has been supported by the US National Institute of Health (R01 DK10324), the European Research Council under the European Union's Seventh Framework Programme (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC Grant agreement no. 669545, European Union's Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under Grant agreement no. 733206 (LifeCycle) and the NIHR Biomedical Centre at the University Hospitals Bristol NHS Foundation Trust and the University of Bristol. The UK Medical Research Council and Wellcome (Grant ref: 102215/2/13/2) and the University of Bristol provide core support for ALSPAC. Methylation data in the ALSPAC cohort were generated as part of the UK BBSRC funded (BB/I025751/1 and BB/I025263/1) Accessible Resource for Integrated Epigenomic Studies (ARIES, http://www.ariesepigenomics.org.uk). D.C., J.J., C.L.R. D.A.L and H.R.E. work in a Unit that is supported by the University of Bristol and the UK Medical Research Council (Grant nos. MC_UU_00011/1, MC_UU_00011/5 and MC_UU_00011/6). B.N. is supported by an NHMRC (Australia) Investigator Grant (1173314). ALSPAC GWAS data were generated by Sample Logistics and Genotyping Facilities at Wellcome Sanger Institute and LabCorp (Laboratory Corporation of America) using support from 23andMe. The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study is supported by the Norwegian Ministry of Health and Care Services and the Ministry of Education and Research, NIH/NIEHS (Contract no. N01-ES-75558), NIH/NINDS (Grant nos. (i) UO1 NS 047537-01 and (ii) UO1 NS 047537-06A1). For this work, MoBa 1 and 2 were supported by the Intramural Research Program of the NIH, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (Z01-ES-49019) and the Norwegian Research Council/BIOBANK (Grant no. 221097). This work was partly supported by the Research Council of Norway through its Centres of Excellence funding scheme, Project no. 262700.D.A.L. has received support from national and international government and charity funders, as well as from Roche Diagnostics and Medtronic for research unrelated to this study. The other authors declare no conflicts of interest.Trial Registration Number: N/A. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tecno-Lógica is the property of Tecno-Logica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are large RNA transcripts that do not code for proteins but exert their effects in the form of RNA. To date many thousands of lncRNAs have been identified, their molecular functions and mechanisms of action however are largely unknown. The development of high-throughput experimental technologies, such as ChIRP (Chromatin isolation by RNA purification), CHART (Capture Hybridization Analysis of RNA Targets), RAP (RNA antisense purification), RIP (RNA Immunoprecipitation), CLIP (cross-linking and immunoprecipitation) and RNA pull-down, has led to a rapid expansion of lncRNA research and resulted in many publicly-available databases. This review provides an overview of the current methodologies available for discovering and investigating functions of lncRNAs in various human diseases. A comparison and application of these methods are also included. Finally, this paper surveys current databases containing annotations, interactome networks and functions of lncRNAs. The appropriate use of these methods and databases will provide not only high-resolution functional features of lncRNAs, but also enhance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms by which lncRNAs regulate a variety of biological processes.

Copyright of Hydrographic Surveying & Charting / Haiyang Cehui is the property of Hydrographic Surveying & Charting Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Clinical decision support systems (CDSSs) embedded in electronic medical records (EMRs), also called electronic health records, have the potential to improve the adoption of clinical guidelines. The University of Alberta Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) Group developed a CDSS for patients with IBD who might be experiencing disease flare and deployed it within a clinical information system in 2 continuous time periods., Objective: This study aims to evaluate the impact of the IBD CDSS on the adherence of health care providers (ie, physicians and nurses) to institutionally agreed clinical management protocols., Methods: A 2-period interrupted time series (ITS) design, comparing adherence to a clinical flare management protocol during outpatient visits before and after the CDSS implementation, was used. Each interruption was initiated with user training and a memo with instructions for use. A group of 7 physicians, 1 nurse practitioner, and 4 nurses were invited to use the CDSS. In total, 31,726 flare encounters were extracted from the clinical information system database, and 9217 of them were manually screened for inclusion. Each data point in the ITS analysis corresponded to 1 month of individual patient encounters, with a total of 18 months of data (9 before and 9 after interruption) for each period. The study was designed in accordance with the Statement on Reporting of Evaluation Studies in Health Informatics (STARE-HI) guidelines for health informatics evaluations., Results: Following manual screening, 623 flare encounters were confirmed and designated for ITS analysis. The CDSS was activated in 198 of 623 encounters, most commonly in cases where the primary visit reason was a suspected IBD flare. In Implementation Period 1, before-and-after analysis demonstrates an increase in documentation of clinical scores from 3.5% to 24.1% (P<.001), with a statistically significant level change in ITS analysis (P=.03). In Implementation Period 2, the before-and-after analysis showed further increases in the ordering of acute disease flare lab tests (47.6% to 65.8%; P<.001), including the biomarker fecal calprotectin (27.9% to 37.3%; P=.03) and stool culture testing (54.6% to 66.9%; P=.005); the latter is a test used to distinguish a flare from an infectious disease. There were no significant slope or level changes in ITS analyses in Implementation Period 2. The overall provider adoption rate was moderate at approximately 25%, with greater adoption by nurse providers (used in 30.5% of flare encounters) compared to physicians (used in 6.7% of flare encounters)., Conclusions: This is one of the first studies to investigate the implementation of a CDSS for IBD, designed with a leading EMR software (Epic Systems), providing initial evidence of an improvement over routine care. Several areas for future research were identified, notably the effect of CDSSs on outcomes and how to design a CDSS with greater utility for physicians. CDSSs for IBD should also be evaluated on a larger scale; this can be facilitated by regional and national centralized EMR systems., (© Reed Taylor Sutton, Kaitlyn Delaney Chappell, David Pincock, Daniel Sadowski, Daniel C Baumgart, Karen Ivy Kroeker. Originally published in JMIR Medical Informatics (https://medinform.jmir.org).)

Whether the words of the language are quoted or not, in the construction of the semantic structure of that language it is important. As words are used, meanings are established and differentiation can occur with the stages of words in the society. In some cases, depending on the frequency of use, the meanings of words, metaphor meanings become more used than the basic meaning of the same word. Depending on the language use of the society, meanings falling away from the surface structure are loaded into the deep structure of certain indicators. In this study, it will be focused on the words of so, just as, pot and table, which are dragged with popular culture, entered into the use of television, especially the young generation, and added new meanings to its deep structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Medication errors are common causes of preventable adverse drug events and increase the risk of morbidity and mortality. Beginning in July 2014, Tan Tock Seng Hospital Pharmacy Department (Singapore) implemented the round‐the‐clock inpatient medication chart review service by pharmacists. We evaluated the impact of this service on medication errors and the consequences of these errors. Methods: Pharmacy intervention data from 2013 to 2015 were accessed. Severity of medication errors was defined according to the National Coordination Council for Medication Error Reporting and Prevention (NCCMERP) categories. Interrupted time series analysis was used to assess the impact of the service on monthly error rates. Consequences of medication errors were investigated in a matched case‐control analysis comparing outcomes and costs between cases with "errors" (Category D to I) and controls who had "near‐misses" (Category B). A cost analysis was done in Singapore dollars (S$). Results: The mean number of "near‐misses" was 32.04 per 1000 patient‐days/month prior to the service. When the service was implemented, the interrupted time series analysis showed a level increase of 21.43 per 1000 patient‐days/month (95% confidence interval [CI], 14.21, 28.65, P <.01) with a positive trend change of 1.04 per 1000 patient‐days/month. Patients with "near misses" had lower median hospitalization costs (S$2673.60 interquartile range [IQR] [S$1365.70‐5336.20], vs S$6326.60 IQR [S$1926.20‐13 609.00], P =.002) and length of stay (10 days [4‐21] vs 17 days [5‐42], P =.025). No significant differences were observed for all other outcomes studied. Conclusion: Round‐the‐clock pharmacist inpatient medication review service increased detection of "near misses" and prevented these errors from reaching patients, which may otherwise have resulted in increased hospitalization costs and length of stay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to evaluate the efficacy and retentiveness of various communication methods among speech and hearing impaired patients and dental practitioners. Materials and Methods: A group of 33 school participants were selected for this study. An experimental task required the participants to follow routine dental instructions in the form of videotape and photographic charts and answer the questionnaire based on visual instructions. School participants were visited two times at an interval of 1 month. Participants were randomly divided into three groups, each consisting of 11 school participants, irrespective of gender and age. Group 1 received visual instructions without showing video and charts, Group 2 received video instructions, and Group 3 received photographic instructions. The questionnaires were assessed immediately and after 1 month. Results: The study results were assessed in terms of improvement in knowledge concerning communication skills and long-term retention of the instructions for 1 month. ANOVA followed by post hoc Tukey test revealed a significant difference between Group 1 and other groups. However, there was no statistically significant difference between Group 2 and Group 3. The paired t-test revealed that there was a significant difference between the two visits in Group 1. However, there was no significant difference between visit 1 and visit 2 in Group 2 and Group 3. Conclusion: Health-care workers and patients with special needs like hearing-impaired patients should overcome communication barriers that may hinder proper diagnosis and treatment planning.

Copyright of Journal of Tikrit University for Humanities is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Women's Preventive Services Initiative (WPSI) is a national coalition of 21 professional organizations and patient representatives that develops, reviews, updates, and disseminates evidence-based clinical recommendations for women's preventive health care services, from adolescence into the postreproductive years. The aim of the WPSI is to provide a clinically useful tool for practicing clinicians to help them identify and implement recommended preventive care services. The Well-Woman Chart (WWC) was created to serve as a central reference of the evidence-based reviews and recommendations. The chart provides a quick summary of screening, risk assessment, and counseling recommendations, along with links to obtain further clarification. The topics included are updates to the 2011 Institute of Medicine recommendations, as well as any other topics that were deemed relevant to the well-being of women. A brief summary of preventive services recommended during the pregnancy and postpartum periods are also included, though the WWC is not meant to be a comprehensive guide for perinatal care. We encourage clinicians to familiarize themselves with the contents of the WWC and use this tool to educate others to ensure women receive optimized preventive services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Intralesional injection of sterile medications remains a mainstay in dermatology, enabling a tailored, low-cost, in-office therapy. After the 2012 United States outbreak of fungal meningitis from contaminated intrathecally administered corticosteroids, there has been increased regulation of in-office compounding, regardless of the administration route. Studies demonstrating the safety data of in-office corticosteroid compounding for intradermal or subcutaneous use are lacking.Objective: To assess the incidence of infection caused by compounded in-office intralesional triamcinolone.Methods: A retrospective medical record review identified patients who received in-office intralesional corticosteroid injections in 2016. Medical documentation within 30 days of injection was reviewed for suspected infection.Results: The records of 4370 intralesional triamcinolone injections were assessed, of which 2780 (64%) were compounded triamcinolone with bacteriostatic saline. We identified 11 (0.25%) suspected localized infections, with 4 of the 11 in the compounding cohort. Of these, 7 of 11 occurred after injection of an "inflamed cyst." No hospitalizations or deaths occurred. No temporal or locational relationships were identified.Limitations: This study was limited to 2 academic institutions. A 30-day postinjection time frame was used.Conclusion: In-office compounding for intralesional dermal and subcutaneous administration is safe when sterile products are used by medical practitioners. There is no increased risk of compounded triamcinolone relative to noncompounded triamcinolone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics (1001-1803) is the property of China Surfactant Detergent & Cosmetics Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)